DAY 1 CANADA AND THE

WORLD:
Peacekeeping and Peacemaking.

What international conflicts do

you know of from 1980 present?

State of the World

What is your impression
of where Canada stands
after the Cold War?
Middle Power
more developed
military
more independent
(Trudeau)
international
reputation
greater national
identity

What is the UN, again?

international body
focused on:
o collective security
o aid (improve living
conditions)
o human rights
send army into
affected areas
(conflict, disaster,
etc.)

The United Nations

UN Army
League of Nations fails
because it can only use
economic sanctions
UN army: troops from all
countries KEEP peace
between opposing
countries
Go in AFTER war and
ensure peace

Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping principles
developed by PM
Lester B. Pearson
Originally countries in
conflict had to invite the
UN army in to keep
peace
they help with the
transition from conflict
to peace, but need
consent of the host
state

What are the issues

Peacemaking
1990s: Security
Council starts
SENDING army to
make peace
Peacemaking:
political mediation and
enforcement
attempt to restore
order and stop fighting
BEFORE agreements
are made (during
wartime conditions)

Issues here?

Canadas Role and Legacy

Served 6 times in
security council
Founded first
permanent UN agencies
(FAO, WHO, UNICEF)
Legacy as peacekeepers
(Pearson)
Global welfare: foreign
aid
Draft declaration of
human rights

Post Cold War: A New

Position

Cold War ends

Soviet Union
breaks up and
new nations are
formed
U.S.A. firmly
established as
world superpower
Canada relied on
as an important
ally

Reputation
Worldwide reputation
for excellence
BUT Some argued
that Canadian forces
were overworked and
underarmed
Plus, reports and
videos of hazings,
links to racist
organizations, torture,
murder and sexual
harassment tarnish
their image

Generic Causes of Conflict

Support Ally
Resist opposing
ideologies (values,
government, business,
etc.)
Get or keep essential
resources (water,
transportation access,
cash, land)
Defend against attack
on country
Stop human rights
abuses

Price of Intervention

World Opinion
Allies
Dollar cost
Casualties
Environmental cost
Personnel
Equipment
Emotional Cost
Time involved

So what have Canadians

done?
In small groups,
summarize one of the
following conflicts:

Persian Gulf War

Balkans (Ethnic
Cleansing)
Somalia
Rwanda
(Genocide)
Haiti (power
struggle)
Ethiopia (trench
war)
Afghanistan (War
on Terror)

HOW?
1. Make ONE copy of the
task
2. Complete the chart with
information from
Veterans Affairs Canada
3. Find an accompanying
map
4. Find accompanying
pictures
5. Find a brief (1-5 min.)
video clip
6. Present to the class

Canada as Peacekeeper,
maker, builder: Success?
What was the most significant
mission for Canadians and
national identity?
How did each mission effect
Canadian identity (positively or
negatively)?
What mission has had the
biggest consequence for
Canadians?

Day 2: What about now?

For 40 years, Canada
was one of the top UN
mission contributors.
1990s - more than
50,000 Canadian
soldiers had become
peacekeepers - more
than any other nation.
69 per cent of
Canadians considered
peacekeeping "a
defining characteristic
of Canada."

Declining Reputation

Disaster in
Somalia: torture
and murder of
Somali boy
Rwanda: Canada
unable to stop the
massacre of
800,000 under
Dellaire
Bosnia: stood by
while 7,000
civilians dragged
from safe area
and massacred

And Now?
Harper steadily diminished
reputation on the world stage
1988-1997: military budget
dropped $12.7 billion to $8.8
billion
Once in the top 10 for dispensing
foreign aid...
2007: Canada had 164 people
involved in UN peacekeeping forces
placing 57th in the list of
contributors
Currently Canada provides only
0.1% of UNs forces (from 10%)
Canada ranks 27th on environment (out
of 27) (MacLeans 2012)

National Defence: A niche for Canada

In September 2010, for the first time in its history,
Canada lost one of its regular bids for a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council.
According to many international observers, our
abandonment of UN peacekeeping was a
contributing factor in the defeat.36 As a result of
losing that seat to Portugal, no less Canada has
been absent from the top table for key decisionmaking on Libya, Syria, Iran, and North Korea, in
what has been an important period of time for
international peace and security.
http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vol13/no1/page33-eng.asp

In your opinion...
...Can Canadians still rely on
peacekeeping as a part of our
national identity?

To be fair...
Consider what other
countries are giving in
terms of foreign relief.

Foreign Aid
Who gets the most Canadian Foreign
Aid? (2012 stats)
10. Bangladesh - $69 Million
9. Pakistan - $72 Million
8. Mozambique - $79 Million
7. Mali - $90 Million
6. Tanzania - $103 Million
5. Sudan - $107 Million
4. Ghana - $107 Million
3. Ethiopia - $114 Million
2. Afghanistan - $250 Million
1. Haiti - $289 Million

Aid to the Philippines

Canada Food Relief and Aid

D.A.R.T.
Disaster Assistance
Response Team
200 Canadian Forces
personnel
fly into disaster areas
internationally (areas without
military resistance)
goal: provide emergency
service (water, medical
treatment)
missions of 40 days
ie. Haiti: earthquake distribute water and meals,
help with maintenance and
security of UN displacement
camps

DART in the Philippines - Nov. 2013

NGOs - Non-Governmental
Organizations
55,000 registered in
Canada (72,000
including churches,
hospitals, university
branches)
over 5 million
Canadians participate
provide +500,000 full
and part-time jobs
$13 billion in salaries

Blue helmets cast aside,

Canada keeps the peace no more
Article:

1. Read the following article,

highlighting key ideas and
facts.
2. Then, respond.
a. In your opinion, is Canada

a peacekeeping nation?

Link: http://tiny.cc/u9tvgx

9/11

How did 9/11 change North

America?
POSITIV
E

NEGATI
VE

How did 9/11 change

Canada?
POSITIV
E

NEGATI
VE