JCHNE

Presentation On
IP ADDRESSING
Submitted To: Submitted By:
Mr. Vishnu Sir Gaurav Prashar
LU, 0358

Background
The goal of Universal Service is such that all

computers on all physically different networks

can communicate.
Physical addresses allow communication
between computers on one network.

IP Addresses
The IP address provides virtual addressing.

The address is software controlled, whereas

the address for the network card is hardware
based.
The IP addressing scheme is quite complex,
and there have been many revisions to the IP
scheme.f

IP Addresses (cont.)
32 bits binary in length (IPv4)
128 bit hexadecimal in length (IPv6)
Addresses are divided into a prefix and suffix
The suffix is the host address
The prefix is the network number

IP Classes
People commonly throw around terms like

Class C, but it should really be termed

Class C address or Class C address space.
Class A: 16777216 hosts!
Class B: 65536
Class C: 256

IP Class Scheme

IP Class Scheme
From the previous figure, we see that the 32-bit

address is split into 4 octets.

IP addresses are self identifying.
If the first 4 bits of the first octet are
0xxx: Class A address
10xx: Class B address
110x: Class C address
1110: Class D address (Multicast)
1111: Class E address

Dotted Decimal
IP addresses are generally read in dotted

decimal format.
0.0.0.0 through 255.255.255.255
Much better than reading:

10000001 00110100 00000110 00000000

Dotted Decimal with

Classes
Class A:
1 prefix octet (128 networks)
3 suffix octets (16777216 hosts)

Class B:
2 prefix octets (16384 networks)
2 suffix octets (65536 hosts)

Class C:
3 prefix octets (2097152 networks)
1 suffix octet (256 hosts)

Address Space

Special Addresses (cont.)

Loopback addresses
Loopbacks are used for testing. An IP looback is
application-level testing.
Any information sent to the loopback address is
never passed to the network segment. It is
handled internally in the TCP/IP stack.
127.x.x.x

Special Addresses (cont.)

This computers address
If a computer doesnt know what its own
address is, but needs to communicate to
another machine, it designates the address of
0.0.0.0 for itself.
Applications include DHCP, BOOTP
The bootstrap protocol (BOOTP) is a host
configuration protocol developed before DHCP.

Thanks