Title 1

Del Mendiola

Bell Work

With a partner, share what you know

about the Title 1 program.
Be prepared to share with the class.

Student Learning Outcomes

Students will be able to...

Explain the purpose of Title 1 Categorical

Fund
Access resources for exploring and
understanding the scope and impact of the
Title 1 Fund on their local U.S. school
district
Develop a curiosity to become more
knowledgeable on how funds are received
and spent at their local U.S. school districts

Title 1 - Improving
the Academic
Achievement of the
Disadvantaged

Purpose

Ensure alignment with standards

Educational Needs are met

Academic assessments
Teacher preparation and training
Curriculum
Instructional Materials
Low-Achieving Children
Migratory Children
Children with Disabilities
Native American
Neglected or Delinquent

Targets Closing the Achievement Gap

Holds schools and local and state educational agencies
accountable for improving academic achievement across
the board

Distributing and targeting resources sufficiently to make a difference to

local educational agencies and schools where needs are the greatest
Improving and strengthening accountability, teaching and learning by
using state assessment systems designed to ensure that students are
meeting challenging state academic achievement and content standards,
and increasing achievement overall, but especially for the disadvantaged
Providing greater decision-making authority and flexibility to schools and
responsibility for student achievement
Providing children an enriched and accelerated educational program,
including the use of school wide programs or additional services that
increase the amount and quality of instructional time
Promoting school wide reform and ensuring the access of children to
effective, scientifically based instructional strategies and challenging
academic content
Significantly elevating the quality of instruction by providing staff, in
participating schools, with substantial opportunities for professional
development
Coordinating services under all parts of this title with each other, with
other educational services, and to the extent feasible, with other
agencies providing services to youth, children and families
Affording parents substantial and meaningful opportunities to participate
in the education of their children

Source and Size

Federal Government Fund

Multiple Parts

Part A: Improving Basic Programs

Part B: Student Reading Skills (K-3)
Part C: Education of Migrant Children
Part D: Prevention and Intervention Programs for
Neglected, Delinquent or At-Risk Children
Part E: National Assessment of Federal Programs
Part F: Comprehensive School Reforms to meet State
Academic Standards
Part G: Advanced Placement
Part H: School Dropout Prevention
Part I: General Regulations

History of Title 1 Fund

1980's
Federal lawmakers claim that it was highly ineffective
Achievements Erode

1990s
Push for TOTAL ELIMINATION

Geoffrey Borman
"How Can Title 1 Improve Achievement?"

Research

17 federal evaluation
>40 million tests showed Improvements

Title 1 CLOSED ACHIEVEMENT GAP BY 2 GRADES

NO Child Left Behind

Prerequisites
Increased accountability for student performance:

Increased academic achievement will be rewarded to

states, districts and schools while failure will be
sanctioned.
Focus on what works: Federal funds will be spent on
effective, research based programs and practices.
Reduced bureaucracy and increased flexibility: Federal
funding will be increased at local levels, with increased
flexibility also at state and district levels.
Empower parents: Parents are to be provided more
information on the quality of their children's schools.
They will have a choice to pull their children out of
persistently low performing schools.

NO Child Left Behind

Parameters for Distribution

Basic Grant - virtually makes funding

available to all schools (at least 10 poor
children)
Concentrated Grant Formula - district 15%
poor students or at least 6,500
Targeted Assistance Grant - as number of
poverty increases
Education Finance Initiative Grant - rewards
schools for spending more state money on
public education

NO Child Left Behind

As America enters the 21st Century full of hope

and promise, too many of our neediest student are
being left behind. Today, nearly 70% of inner city
fourth graders are unable to read at a basic level on
national reading tests. Our high school seniors trail
student Cyprus and South Africa on international
math tests. And nearly a third of our college
freshmen find they must take a remedial course
before they are able to even begin regular college
level courses... The academic achievement gap
between rich and poor, Anglo and minority is not
only wide, but in some cases is grower wider still.

Limitations

Categorical Aid
Need for greater discretion

Effectiveness

Little to no accountability
Inequality
High-poverty $558 per student
Low-poverty $763 per student
Favors large districts

Activity

Read Case Study on pg. 108.

Group 1: Questions 1,2
Group 2: Questions 3,4