Acid base Regulation - Dr.

Al-Matary

acid base regulation

2013

10

40
Acid base balance
acid base balance

acid
acid
hydrogen ions
H ion donor
H ion
Ionized

Acid
acid
Acid

H ion

ionized

H2 CO3
HCL
Hydrogen ion
HCL
H ions
carbonic acid

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Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

strong acid HCL
weak acid H2 CO3
strong acid
H ions
H ions
H ions
ionization
PH
Carbonic acid
carbonic acid
weak acid
H ions

weak acid

H2 CO3

HCL
HCL
H ions
HCL

acid
strong acid

weak acid

Buffer
H ions
H ions

Buffer
Buffer

weak acid
PH

PH

H ions
weak acid

Buffer

Buffer
By definition
Salt of weak acid
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Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

Na HCO3
alkaline

acidic
Nutrient

H ion
weak acid

weak acid
PH
buffer

salt of weak acid << Buffer

nutrient
Salt

H ion
weak acid
H ions
PH
weak acid
by definition << buffer

acid
acid
H ion
H ions
strong acid
H ions
weak acid

Buffer
nutrient
Buffer
Salt of weak acid
weak acid

H ion
PH

acid
metabolism

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Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

anaerobic

aerobic
Aerobic
oxygen

ATP

H2 CO3 Carbonic acid

CO2

carbonic acid
alkaline

carbonic acid

acidic

carbonic acid
Acidic

carbonic acid

Carbonic acid

anaerobic
acid
Lactic acid
acidic
acid
acid

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metabolism
anaerobic Aerobic

acid

metabolism
acid

acid

metabolism

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

mainly

buffer
salt of weak acid

buffer
buffer
buffer
buffering effect
60 %

intracellular

buffer
curve
shift to the left
shift to the right
curve
curve

buffer

buffer

fluid

buffering effect
buffering effect

40 %
60 %

salt of weak acid

Na HCO3

lactate

buffers
salt of weak acid
buffer

lactate
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Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

buffer

Lung
H ion
carbonic acid H2 CO3

H ion
carbonic acid

Lung

carbonic acid

Kidney

carbonic anhydrase
proximal convoluted tubules
distal convoluted tubules

Lung

mainly
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metabolism

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

buffering effect

60 %

buffering effect

40 %

buffering
Dilution

dilution
60 %

dilution

dilution

70 %

70 %
dilution

dilution

dilution

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Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

dilution

Lung and kidney

equation

acid base balance

PH
PH

PH

pKa + log ( HCO3 / H2CO3 )

pKa + log ( HCO3 / H2CO3 )

constant
3.14 22/7

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PH

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

dissociation constant )

dissociation constant

6.1

carbonic acid
HCL

pKa
6.1 << carbonic acid

Normal

carbonic acid
20

Normal

6.1 <<
carbonic acid

pKa

1.3

7.4

7.4

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1.3
6.1 + 1.3

PH

PH

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

PH

buffering effect

6.1

pKa

PH

6.1
PH
20
20

level
carbonic acid

level

carbonic acid

respiratory alkalosis respiratory acidosis

metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis
6.1

pKa
20

acid base balance

acid base balance

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10

MCQ

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

Level
carbonic acid level
ratio
20

CO2

tachypnea Tachypnea
wash

carbonic acid wash

CO2 wash
carbonic acid wash

Alkalosis

alkalosis

Kidney
carbonic acid
carbonic acid

Lung

lung

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carbonic acid

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

Kidney
20

Lung

20

kidney
PH
alkalosis
kidney
capacity

respiratory alkalosis
PH
alkalosis

alkalosis

PH

renal compensation
kidney

carbonic acid
carbonic acid

Level
ratio
Lung
kidney
20

alkalosis
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Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

renal compensation
PH
carbonic acid ratio
20
carbonic acid

carbonic acid

20

kidney

carbonic acid
carbonic acid

alkalosis
alkalosis
renal compensation
respiratory alkalosis

respiratory failure
Respiratory failure

pulmonary fibrosis

fibrosis

Healing
T.B.
respiratory failure

T.B.

respiratory failure
CO2 retention carbon dioxide retention

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Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

CO2 retention
carbonic acid
carbonic acid
Kidney
carbonic acid
20
kidney
acidosis

renal compensation

acidosis

PH

respiratory failure
carbonic acid
kidney

acidosis

PH

ratio
carbonic acid
20

respiratory alkalosis
respiratory acidosis
renal compensation

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Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

Metabolic acidosis
metabolic acidosis
H ions
metabolic acidosis
Diabetic
keto
diabetic keto acidosis
H ions

Diabetic keto acidosis DKA

H ions
acid
hydrogen ions

H ions

Carbonic acid
carbonic acid

H ions
carbonic acid
carbonic acid

Diabetic keto acidosis

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Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

Hydrogen ion

carbonic acid

Lung
wash
CO2

wash

CO2

Wash

carbonic acid
Lung

Diabetic keto acidosis

wash
Lung
Kidney

excretion

to compensate

carbonic acid
kidney

acidosis
failure << system
kidney
Lung

Diabetic keto acidosis

PH
<< Acidosis
Diabetic keto acidosis
PH

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Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

H ions
compensation
to compensate

metabolic acidosis
respiratory acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
PH
Metabolic acidosis
PH

renal compensation
PH

metabolic
PH
respiratory
metabolic alkalosis
metabolic alkalosis
CHIPS

HCL
HCL
HCL
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metabolic alkalosis

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

carbonic acid

Lung

Pyloric obstruction
stomach

HCL
HCL
GIT
HCL

HCL

Lung
Lung
carbonic acid
20

carbonic acid
Lung

Metabolic alkalosis

Lung
Lung
carbonic acid
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Lung

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

Lung
metabolic alkalosis
PH

PH
ratio
20

carbonic acid

kidney

mainly

lung
20

alkalosis

acidosis
PH

metabolic
Metabolic
<<
respiratory
<<

renal compensation

respiratory
PH

lung
lung compensation

acidosis

acid base regulation

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alkalosis

PH

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

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