Brenda Cuevas

Eng 487
Dr. Fantuzzi
September 30, 2014
Grapheme-Phoneme Chart for Project #1
Consonants
Symbol
p
b
t
d
k

Examples (Basic spelling)

paying, pleasant, pinching
bitter, busy, broad, breath
to, touching, top,
daily,

g
m
n
ng //

gales, grey,
mysterious, my, morning,
not
spring, paying, morning, pinching,
lapping, touching, shining, swinging
first, frost,
very
see, spring, sun

f
v
s
z
h

kept,

his, hard, heavy, he, had, hands,

hoar, had, head
sh //
shining,
zh //
treasure
w
was, will, winter, with,
y
you,
l
long, last, likely,
r
rid, regard, ripple,
ch /t/
much, pinching,
j /d/
january,
th/ / bath
mother, this, that, there, the,
th // bathe with, though,

Alternate Spellings
ripple, lapping,
bitter, little,
captain, cold, sank, cove, cut, back,
come

inn,

of, enough,
(live)
cease,
as,

because, motion
one,
will, all, still, hill,

dodge, bridge,
breath

Vowels
Symbol
Short vowels
i /I/
bit

e //
a //

Examples (basic spelling)

bet
bat

ah // father, hot
u //
but

about, sofa
// book
aw // dawn, long
Long vowels
a_e /ey/ cane
ee /iy/ beet
i_e /ay/ bite
o_e /ow/ cone
/u/ boot
oy /y/ boy
ow /aw/ gown
r-colored vowels
ar
far
r //
fur
er
fair
ir
fear
or
for
ur
poor

It, rid, will, his, bitter, with, little,

spring, inn, with, pinching, ripple,
still, hill, risen
event, set
after, at, last, captain, as, and,
sank, had, hands, pleasant,
lapping, hat, brass, back
not, long, top,
us, upon, much, un, sun,
(took) (hook)
(lawn)

Alternate Spellings

heavy, guest,

affair, hard, father, upon, frost,

was, touching,
of,
long, broad, all

a, gales,
see, (tree)
likely, like, I, shining,
cove, stones,
(toy)
down,
hard, regard, far, seaward,
(future)
winter, mother, father, were,
first, skirts
morning,

plain, daily, paying, grey,

event, he, busy, enough, regard,
seaward, beach
my,
occurred, cold, low, only, old, coat
you, to, usual, blue
(coil)
out,

after, our
very, early, earlier, under
hoar,
poor

Generalizations
1. closed-has 1 vowel and it usually has its short sound

examples: at, cat, it, fit, ship

2. vowel team-two vowels together that usually make just one vowel sound
examples: ee,ea, oi, ou, ow, oa, au, aw, oy, ew

3. consonant-le-always ends a word. The final e is silent. We hear only the

two consonants.
examples: ble, cle, dle, ckle, fle, gle, ple, tle: bubble, handle, uncle,
4. r-controlled-all the vowels with r
examples: ar, er, ir, ur, or: her, fur, torn, car, first
5. Hard C-When c comes before a, o, u, or a consonant, it makes the "hard" /k/
examples: cat, crab, cotton, cut, biscuit
6. Y as I-When y is used as a vowel in words, it sometimes has the sound of i.
examples: my, why, fly
7. ee spelling-In a one-syllable base word, long e is spelled with ee.
examples: wee, feet, three
8. oo spelling-In any syllable position, oo as in book, spell with digraph oo.
examples: took, book, foot
9. Long vowels-In a closed syllable with the two consonants after an i or o, the i
and o often spell and say their names.
examples: mind, sold

10. Long o sound: use oa (usually in the middle of a word) and ow (usually at
the end of a word)
examples: coat, boat, how, now
11. For words ending in one vowel and one consonant, double the final
consonant before adding ing.
examples: stopping, lapping

12. Long e-the end of a two or more syllable word the long e sound is spelled
with a y.
examples: baby, lady, tiny