Sand-fine(1.5875 screen),coarse(3.175),gravelly(7.

62)
Bulking of sand-due to moisture,5-8% moisture-20-40% increase,more finer more increase,
Properties of good sand-1)chemically inert,2)clean coarse,free from organic & vegetable
matter,3)sharp+angular+coarse+durable grain,4)not contain salt.5)well graded,
Function of sand-1)bulk-reduction of cost,2)Setting-CO2 through voids,3)Shrinkage,4)Strength-adjustment by
proportion,5)Surface area-spreading+adhering
tests-1)glass+water+sand+vigorously shaken-settle-clay layer at top,2)tested for salts,3)caustic soda+stirredbrown=organic mater.4)rubbed-stained=earthy matter,5)color=purity.

ClassificationA)bulk density-1)heavy-15kn/m3 or more,heavy quartz or sand. 2)Light weight-<15kn, light porous sand from pumice
B)Kind of binding material1)Lime-{fat lime shrinks,require 2-3 times sand,should be slaked,unsuitable for water logged or damp area},
{Hydraulic lime:sand=1:2,to consume within 1 hr,more strength,used in damp.
properties-high plasticity,placed easily,good cohesiveness,shrinks little, sufficiently durable,hardens slowly
uses-lightly loaded above ground strs,
2)Surki-surki instead of sand,disintegrate after some time,can not plaster,used for all masonry.
3)Cement-cement:sand=1:2-6,surki can not be used as not inert,
4)Gauged-cement + lime morter,economical+strong+dense,cement:lime=1:6-8,composite morter,used for bedding &
thk brk wall,
5)Gypsum-.
C)Nature of use- 1) Brick laying 2)Finishing
D)Special1)Fire resistant-aluminous cement+crushed fire bricks(1:2)
2)light weight-lime/cement morter+sawdust+wood powder, heat-sound proof construction,
3)Packing-pack oil well,
4)Sound absorbing-pumic/cinders+cement/lime/gypsum
5)x-ray shielding-coat in Xray cabinets,
Properties
1)good adhesion with bricks
2)develop designed stress
3)resist penetration of rain water
4)affect durability of contacted material
5)set quickly
6)joints should not crack
cheap-durable-workable
Uses
1)bind building units
2)pointing & plastering
3)bedding layer
4)joints of pipe
5)improve appearance
6)Prepare moulds
7)serve as matrix + aggregates
8)uniform distribution of weight
9)hide joints
10)fill up cracks
precaution in use - Consumption,Frost action,Sea water,Soaking of building units,Sprinkling of water,Workability
Purpose1)protection from sun
2)chemical action
3)increase strength
4)durability-impermeability increased,shrinkage reduced
5)resistance to abrasion in increased
Methods1)wet jute bag
2)wet sand saw dust
3)ponding with water
4)water proof paper+polythelene
5)spraying water

6)curing compound