PETE 411

Well Drilling
Lesson 26
* Well Control *
* Variable Geometry *
1

Well Control-Variable Geometry

Initial Shut-In Conditions
Drillers Method
Kick at Casing Seat

Kick at Surface
Wait and Weight Method
Kick at Casing Seat

Kick at Surface
2

Read:
Applied Drilling Engineering, Ch. 4

HW #14: Drillers Method - due 11-11-02

HW #15: W&W Method - due 11-15-02
Quiz B
Thursday, Nov. 14, 7 - 9 p.m. Rm. 101
Closed Book
1 Equation sheet allowed, 8 1/2x 11 (both sides)
3

Example Problem
1. Determine the pressure at the casing seat
at 4,000 when using the old mud
(Drillers) versus using the kill mud
(Wait
and Weight) to circulate a gas
kick out of
the hole.
2. Determine the casing pressure at the
surface when the top of the gas
bubble has just reached the surface,
for the same two mud weights used
above.
4

Example Problem
Well depth
Hole size
Drill pipe

= 10,000
= 10.5
= 4.5, 16.60 #/ft

Drill Collars
= 8 * 3.5 * 500 ft
Surface casing = 4,000, 13-3/8, 68 #/ft

Mud Weight

= 10 ppg

Fracture gradient @ 4,000 = 0.7 psi/ft

5

Example Problem
Shut in Annulus Pressure,

SICP = 400 psi

Shut in Drillpipe Pressure, SIDPP = 200 psi

Pit level increase = 20 barrels (kick size)
Drop the Z terms but consider Temperature
T at surface = 70 deg. F
Temperature gradient = 1.2 deg.F/100 ft
6

Initial (Closed-In) Conditions:

SIDPP 200 psi

SICP 400 psi
Pit Level Increase 20 bbl
Initial Mud Weight 10 # /gal
Initial mud gradient = 0.520 psi/ft
(0.052 * 10 = 0.520)
7

Initial (Closed-In) Conditions:

Bottom Hole Pressure,
P10,000

psi
200 (10,000 ft ) * (0.520
) 5,400 psi
ft

Annular Vol/ft outside Drill Collars,

vDC_Ann

gal
2
2
2
(10.5 8 ) in (12 in)
2
4
231 in

VDC_Ann 0.04493 bbl/ft

bbl

42 gal

( 20.28 ft/bbl )
8

vdp.csg = 0.13006 bbl/ft

4,000
vdp,hole = 0.08743 bbl/ft
9,500
vdc,hole = 0.04493 bbl/ft
10,000
9

Height of Kick Fluid,

20 bbl
h10,000
445 ft
0.04493 bbl/ft
Hydrostatics in the Annulus,
5,400 400 0.520 * 9,555 Pkick_10,000

Hydrostatic Pressure across Kick Fluid,

Pkick_10,00 0 5,400 400 0.520 * 9,555

Pkick_10,00 0 31. 4 psi

10

Drillers Method - kick at bottom

BHP P0 PK0 PMA

- - - (2)

Weight of Kick Fluid Pressure * area

lb
2
2
2
31.4 2 * (10.5 8 ) in
in
4

W 1,141 lb
F = P * A = W
11

SICP = 400 psi

4,000

SIDPP = 200 psi

9,555

9,500
445

10,000

31.4
psi

PB = P 10,000 = 5,400 psi

12

Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat

What is the pressure at 4,000 ft when the
top of the kick fluid first reaches that point?

V4,000 V10,000
0.08743 * h4,000

h 4,000

P10,000 T4,000
*

*
T

P
4,000 10,000

5,400 70 48 460
*
20 *

650

P4,000

1,098,444

P4,000
13

Drillers
Method
Top of
Kick at
Casing
Seat

4,000

9,500
10,000
P = 5,400 psi

14

Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat

Again,
BHP P4,000 PK_4,000 PMA
PK_4,000

weight
1,141 lbs

area
2
2
10.5 4.5 in
4

P K_4,000 = 16.1 psi

15

Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat

BHP P4,000 PK_4,000 PMA
5,400 P4,000 16 0.52 * (6,000 h4,000 )

5,384 P4,000 3,120 0.52 * h4,000

2,264 P4,000

1,098,444

(0.52) *

P
4,000

16

Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat

This results in the quadratic Eqn:

2
4,000

2,264 P4,000 571,191 0

With the solutions:

P4,000

2,264 2,264 4 * 571,191

2
2

P4,000 2,493 psi 0.6233 psi/ft

0.5

0.7
17

Drillers Method - Top of Kick at Casing Seat

P0,ann = ?
P4,000 = 2,493 psi
4,000

h4,000 = 441 ft
P = 16 psi
9,500

h 4,000

10,000

BHP = 5,400 psi

1,098,444

P4,000
18

Drillers
Method
Top of
Kick at
Surface
We need two
equations

P0 = ?

4,000

9,500
10,000
BHP = 5,400 psi

19

Drillers Method - kick at surface

When the bubble rises, it expands. The
volume of the bubble at the surface is given
by:
P10,000

V0 V10,000
P0

T0

10,000

(Z = const.)

5400
70 460

(0.13006 ) h0 20

P0 70 120 460

677,084
h0
Po

- - - (1)
20

Drillers Method - kick at surface

PK,0

weight
1,141 lb

area
12.415 2 4.5 2 in2
4

PK0 10.85 11 psi

21

Drillers Method - kick at surface

From Eq. (2),

BHP P0 PK0 PMA

5,400 P0 11 0.52 * (10,000 h0 )

But, from Eq. (1),

677,084
h0
P0
22

Drillers Method - kick at surface

BHP P0 PK0 PMA

So,

5,400 P0 11 0.52

677,084

10,000
P0

5,400 5,200 11 P0 P0 352,084

2

P0 189 P0 352,084 0
Quadratic equation . . .
23

Drillers Method - kick at surface

189 189 ( 4)(352,084 )

P0
2
2

1
2

P0 695.34 psi 695 psi

677,084
h0
973.74
695.34

h0 974 ft

4,000

9,500
10,000

24

Drillers Method - kick at surface

P4,000 P0 0.52 * (4,000 974) PKO
695 1,574 11
2,280 psi ( = 0.57 psi/ft )
Alternativ ely,

4,000

P4,000 P10,000 (0.52) * (10,000 4,000 )

5,400 - 3,120
2,280 psi

9,500
10,000

25

Drillers Method. Top of Kick at Surface

P0,ann = 695 psi
h0 = 974 ft
PK,0 = 11 psi
4,000

P 4,000 = 2,280 psi

9,500
10,000

P10,000 = ?
26

Wait and Weight Method

- kick at casing seat
Calculate the pressure at 4,000 ft when the
top of the bubble reaches this point.
Volume of bubble at 4,000 ft

V4,000 V10,000

P10,000

4,000

T4,000

10,000
27

Wait and
Weight
Method
Top of
Kick at
Casing
Seat
Old Mud
Kill Mud

4,000

9,500
10,000
BHP = 5,400 psi
28

W&W - Pressure at top of kick at 4,000 ft

V4,000 V10,000

P10,000

4,000

T4,000

10,000

5,400 578

(0.08743) h4,000 20

P4,000 650
1,098,444
h4,000
- - - (6)
P4,000

Also,
BHP P4,000 PK_4,000 PM PM1

- - - (7)
29

Wait and Weight Method

- kick at surface
Capacity inside drill string
= DP_cap. + DC_cap.

bbl

0.01422
* 9,500 ft
ft

4,000

9,500
10,000
BHP = 5,400 psi

bbl

0.0119
* 500 ft
ft

141 bbl
#
Quantity of 10.0
mud below the bubble.
gal
30

W&W - Pressure at top of kick

- kick at 4,000 ft
As before,

PK_4,000 16 psi

141 bbl
PM 0.052 * 10 *
0.08743 bbl/ft

PM 839 psi
SIDPP
Density of Kill Mud Old Mud Wt.
0.052 * 10,000
#
KWM 10.00 0.38 10.38
gal

31

W&W - Pressure at top of kick

- kick at 4,000 ft

PM1 0.052 * 10.38 * 6,000 h4,000

141

0.08743

BHP P4,000 PK_4,000 PM PM1

5,400 P4,000 16 839 2,368 (0.5398) h4,000

32

W&W - Pressure at top of kick

- kick at 4,000 ft
2,177 P4 000

2
4,000

P4 ,000

1,098,444

(0.5398)

P
4,000

2,177 P4,000 592,940 0

2,177 2,177 4 * 592,940

P4,000 2,422 psi

0 ,5

0.61 psi/ft
33

Wait and
Weight
Method
Top of
Kick at
Surface

4,000

9,500
Old Mud
Kill Mud

10,000
34

Wait and Weight Method

- kick at surface
Volume of gas bubble at surface:
P10,000

V0 V10,000
P0

T0

10,000

5,400 530

0.13006 * h0 20

P0 650

677,084
h0
P0
35

Wait and Weight Method

(Engineers Method) - kick at surface
P10,000 P0 PK0 PM PM1

As before,

PK,0 11 psi

Assume all 10 lb/gal mud is inside the

13 3/8 csg. Then the height of 10 lb mud:

141.0 bbl
hM
1,084 ft
0.13006 bbl/ft
36

Wait and Weight Method

(Engineers Method) - kick at surface
Hydrostatic head across the mud columns:
Old Mud:
PM 0.052 * 10 * 1,084 564 psi

Kill Mud:
PM1 0.052 * 10.38 * (10,000 h0 1,084)
37

Hydrostatics in Annulus
W&W Method - kick at surface

P10,000 P0 PK0 PM PM1

5,400 P0 11 564 0.5398 * (8,916 h0 )
12.14 P0 (0.5398) h0

38

Wait and Weight Method

kick at surface
From Eq. 4, substituting for h0
677,084

12 P0 (0.5398)
P0

P02 12P0 365,490 0

P0

12 12 4 * 365,490
2

1
2

P0 610.59 611 psi

39

Wait and Weight Method

- kick at surface
Height of Bubble at Surface
677,084 677,084
h0

P0
610.59
1,109 ft
40

Check Pressure at 4,000 ft

- kick at surface
P4,000 P0 PK0 PM PM1
611 11 569
0.052 * 10.38 * (4,000 - 1,109 - 1,093)
2,161 psi

0.54 psi/ft

Looks OK
41

Wait and Weight Method

Top of Kick at Surface
Old Mud

P0,ann = 611 psi

Kill Mud
h0 = 1,109 ft
PK,0 = 11 psi
4,000

9,500
10,000

POld Mud = 569 psi

P 4,000 = 2,161 psi
P10,000 = ?
42

Summary

P4,000
P0

Bubble at 10,000 ft

Drillers
Method

Engineers
Method

2,480

2,480

400

400
43

Summary

Top of Bubble at 4,000 ft

Drillers
Method
P4,000
P0

Engineers
Method

2,493

2,422

413

342

44

Summary

P4,000
P0

Top of Bubble at surface

Drillers
Method

Engineers
Method

2,280

2,161

695

611
45

46

Why the difference?

47

Maximum Casing Pressure, psi

Wait and Weight Method

Kick Intensity, ppg

48

Casing Pressure, psi

Kick Intensity, ppg

Pump Strokes

49

Casing Pressure, psi

Volume of Mud Pumped, bbl

50