Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1300 Full

    Uploaded by

    ranihajri
    4 views2 pages
    improving complementary feeding

    Original Title

    1300.full

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    improving complementary feeding

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    4 views2 pages

    1300 Full

    Uploaded by

    ranihajri
    improving complementary feeding

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 2
    Improving Complementary Feeding Practices and Responsive Parenting as a Primary Component of Interventions to Prevent Malnutrition in Infancy and Early Childhood Background An extensive literature supports the following generalizations concerning the determinants and consequences of growth fate ing in children in developing countries during the period of com- plementary feeding (6 to 24/30 months of age): ‘& Although endemic early childhood malnutrition is famda- ‘mentally attributable to poverty and lack of family economic resources, some children in poverty-stricken communities grow and develop normally. Among the determinants of better growth in such circumstances are family and caregiver characteristic, particularly education and household management or coping Skils of the mother '. In addition to providing complementary foods that meet nutritional requirements, feeding practices (particularly frequency Of feeding, and feeding style to ensure intake) are determinants of adequate growth, ©. Children who experience growth faltering, manifesting, as low height and weight forage, sso tend tobe developmentally layed as assessed! through measures of psychomotor and cog- nitive performance. 4. Efficacy rials have demonstrated the potential of nutrition interventions to prevent growth faltering in conditions of endemic ‘malnutrition, and interventions designed to support psychological evelopment have also provided evidence that poverty does not present insurmountable bariers to development, “Although many developing countries are currently investing in integrated nutrition and early child education programs for pre- school-aged children @-5 years of age), such programs do not reach children in the most vulnerable period. A major barrier to the design and implementation of interventions for children in the period between 6 and 30 months of age is the lack of scientific knowledge about which caregiving activites are most important to prevent growth faltering and developmental delays and how best to promote these practices. Consequently, there is a need for ‘multiiseiplinary intervention research to better define caregiver Dbchaviors that promote adequate growth and development under the conditions of poverty and rapid culture change that charac- terize most developing, countries and to determine effective meth ods for facilitating their adoption. Research Questions 1. Do the specific feeding-related caregiving behaviors that have ’been identified based on epidemiologic studies or extrapolated 1300 SUPPLEMENT from child development theory actually increase intake of com- plementary foods and physical growth? Do they also result in Improvements in psychological development? Among the caregiving behaviors that have been identified as facilitating growth and development during the petiod of com- plementary feeding are: a) active or interactive feeding, as con- ‘rasted with passive presentation of food to the young child; b) selecting foacls that are appropriate tothe child’s emerging motor ‘capacities and taste preferences; c) feeding in response to the childs hunger cues; d) feeding in a nondistracting, safe environ ment; and ¢) talking and playing with the child in the context of the meal? The efficacy of these behaviors needs to be directly tested as the basis for their identification is epidemiologic data and child development theory, but they have not been tested empirically. 2, With respect to improving intake of complementary foods and physical growth, is teaching caregivers broader concepts of child development and the interrelationships of infant psycho- logical and physical needs as effective as teaching specific feeding behaviors? Does it also result in improvements in psy- chological development? Anthropological studies have revealed that across a wite range of ‘cultures family care practices during the period of complementary feeding and weaning from the breast are oriented to promoting independence, commonly at the expense of maintaining the ben- ‘efits of the close mother-infant bond that characterizes the care practices of early infancy.® At the same time, investigations in many populations suggest that people's conceptions about young children’s nutritional needs and developmental capacities are not always congruent with scientific knowledge, and families are of ten unaware of the potentially negative or growth-inhibiting con- ‘sequences of some traditional practices Over the years, many words and phrases have been used to refer to positive parenting styles. Recently, the concept of responsive parenting has been [proposed to describe the type of sensitive and supportive caregiv= ing that is associated with good growth and development Pro- viding parents with better knowledge and skils to interpret infant and young child behaviors, as well as knowledge about their nutritional and developmental needs, may be both more effective and more efficient than teaching individual food-related care prac- tices. However, to determine this requires empirical testing, 3, Are improvements in growth and psychological development ‘that are achieved through integrated interventions that help parents to understand children’s developmental and nutri- tional needs additive or synergistic? Given the clove atsochtion between physical and paychologial {govwh in ear if ts logial fo expect at intervesons that “Edie thee diferent dinrsons siultensusiy wal Rave De fis tat enced single oc nrrendona! A aril aber of {fBzsey tues bare ermine the Impact of combined intervene tons hat adores both improving complementary feeding and Simulating poyhologal development = Pokve results wee ‘huined Lor Bod phpsal prow and perfomance an poyeho Silt, Howser, he Anpct woo adv rather a sy ‘git In thee tly simallaflly was achieved trough actions ‘Tied at he cle, rather than through ctlonn of keane {Sven Itmay be tat in the eal yar of life synergies Srcilaly only wien improvements n both feding snd poyeho Seahcre a The scons of the pany ‘Stepivers i ti'were te case, hen integrated, a8 contaned ‘cited inervontons would be neceearytaciove more than adatve eects 10 What ae the potently modifiable consis to adoption of yurningproues tore peared ochre’ developmen Ext nusidonal needs? ‘te cron ad ssl consis tht pon aes experience {paying fo provige aden food anda safe ewrorert fx the dies uve been widely documented andere inreadigly Ring adtesed in socal and uc hesth programe heap proisnnas of providing ntzvon snd heals education without Eiadaressing oly and community neds or od, heltewre- find infasaiare development is Row wisely ecogre) by SMtemational agency, tational goverment, ard: nengover™ etal organise; However, wat sls comenenyaeinow!- ‘Spel in ogra scons ve othr constrains ch heath an srelibang, whi are dfterentally deine within poo com Thunites in developing counties: Among the for hat affect thetype of coving tat ints and young chen sei sre ‘ternal poor hel mateeal depron physi and ental {Suse ant substance abuse: Ther condone are alo ly to ‘thet how cepives sexpert itrventon ete. Docement ing the rol of poentaly motif consraints to improved ctegiing is tft stp toword developing taeges fo a= ‘Tesng them, and shoul be but no enc ta. ‘A Methodological Strategy to Address the Research ‘Questions ‘The basis for the research questions above includes dats de- ‘rived from epidemiologic studies, community Intervention trials,

    You might also like