BFC21103 Hydraulics

Assignment No. 5
Q1. Explain the functions of these hydraulic structures:
a.

sluice gate

b.

weir

c.

spillway

d.

energy dissipator structures

Solution:
a.
sluice gate is used to control and measure flow rate in open channel such as in
irrigation canal, river, tidal inlet, and reservoir.
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Vo

yo
vena contracta
V1

b.

y1

weir is an overflow structure built across an open channel (such as river) to

measure the flow rate.
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H
Q

y2

sharp-crested weir

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c.

spillway is built in a reservoir to allow the flow of excess water in the reservoir to
downstream as to ensure the safety of the reservoir.
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reservoir
spillway

d.

energy dissipator structures are built downstream of a spillway to reduce the

velocity and energy of the flow.
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spillway

chute block baffle block

end sill

Q2. A 1.5 m-wide sluice gate with an opening of 10 cm is discharging water at a rate of 3
m/s. Calculate the flow discharge of the flow if the flow depth behind the sluice gate is 3
m and the downstream flow depth is 2 m. Coefficient of discharge Cd = 0.585.
Solution:
Given yo = 3 m, y2 = 2 m, b = 1.5 m, a = 0.1 m, V1 = 3 m/s, and Cd = 0.585
Velocity of flow through sluice gate
1

V 1 = [2 g(y o y1 )]2

y1 = y o
y1 = 3

V 12
2g

32
2 9.81

y1 = 2.541 m

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Underflow influence
y o y1 = 3 2.541 = 0.459 m < y2 = 2 m y1 is being submerged by y2
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Thus,

Q = baC d 2 g(y o y 2 )
Q = 1.5 0.1 0.585 2 9.81 (3 2 )

Q = 0.3887 m3/s

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Q3. A trapezoidal weir with side slope 1:4 and width 0.5 m is used to measure flow rate of a
river. Compute the discharge if the head above the weir is 25 cm and Cd = 0.675.
Solution:

Trapezoidal weir with side slope 1:4 Cippoletti weir

Given L = 0.5 m, H1 = 0.25 m, and Cd = 0.675
Discharge over a Cippoletti weir
3

Q=

2
C d 2 g LH 12
3

2
Q = 0.675 2 9.81 0.5 0.25 2
3

Q = 0.1246 m3/s

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