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NHP MN X L NH
Bin son: Dr Ngo Huu Phuc
Chng 3: X l im nh
Trong chng ny xem xt mt s khi nim, k
thut x l nh:
Khi nim:
Trong x l nh, point = pixel.
X l im nh bin i gi tr pixel mt cch c lp.
Phng php ny khng lm nh hng ti cc pixel ln
cn.
K thut:
X l im nh
Histogram ca nh a cp xm
(Gray image)
Gi I l mt band (nh a cp xm)
Khi , mt im nh I(r,c) s dng s
nguyn 8 bit lu tr, gi tr, cc gi tr
ny nm trong khong t 0 n 255.
Histogram, hI, ca nh I:
L mt mng gm 256 phn t, hI. (g), for g =
1, 2, 3, , 256, is an integer
hI(g), vi g: 0 255, l gi tr nguyn.
hI(g) = s pixel trong nh I c gi tr g.
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Histogram ca nh a cp xm
Trn hnh v, nhng im
en nh du pixel c gi
tr g
Lc Histogram ca
mt nh a cp xm.
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Histogram ca nh a cp xm
Trn hnh v, nhng im
en nh du pixel c gi
tr g
Lc Histogram ca
mt nh a cp xm.
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Histogram ca nh a cp xm
hI(g) = s pixel trong nh
I c gi tr g.
Lc Histogram ca
mt nh a cp xm.
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Histogram ca nh mu
Nu nh c 3 band (nh truecolor, 24 bit).
Khi , I(r,c,b) l mt s nguyn nm trong khong t 0
n 255.
Hoc I c 3 histogram:
hR(g) = s pixel trong nh ng vi mu RED c gi tr g.
hG(g) = s pixel trong nh ng vi mu GREEN c gi tr g.
hB(g) = s pixel trong nh ng vi mu BLUE c gi tr g.
Histogram ca nh mu
Histogram ca 3 mu R,
G, B v ca trung bnh
sng L=(R+G+B)/3
Histogram ca nh mu
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Tnh Histogram
long h[256];
/* sau khai bo */
for (i=0; i<256; i++)
h[i] = 0;
for (i=0; i<M; i++)
for (j=0; j<N; j++)
h[I[i][j]]++;
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X l im nh thng qua hm
nh:
Pixel:
X l im nh thng qua hm
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a) J = LUT(I) hoc
b) J(:;:;b) = LUTb(I(:;:;b)) vi b=1,2,3.
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V d v bng LUT
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V d v bng LUT
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V d v bng LUT
Bng LUT c xy dng, khi s dng bin i c dng hm ly tha.
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Hm tr mt xc sut trong nh
255
hI g
Gi A
g 0
Vi hI k g l s pixel trong nh Ik (k l th t
band ca nh I) c gi tr g.
A chnh l s im nh trong I. Nu nh c R
hng v C ct, khi A = R x C.
Hm tr mt xc sut c xc nh:
k
1
pI k g hI k g
A
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Hm tr mt xc sut trong nh
pband(g) l phn pixel (vi mt band) trong
nh c gi tr g.
pband(g) l xc sut xy ra vic chn
c 1 pixel c cng g trong nh.
Tng hband(g) ca tt c cc g (t 0 n
255) trong nh = 1.
pband l histogram chun ha ca mt
band.
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1
PI k g pI k ( ) hI k ( )
A 0
0
hI
0
k
255
hI ( )
0
k
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