Timeline:

27/03/15 Do research on the topic and the chemistry behind the makeup
of stains.
28/03/15 Find out what type of stain and stain removers work best on
wine stains.
1/04/15 Buy all the stain removers.
1/04/15 Gather the cloth, wine and camera from home.
To be done during the holidays- Stain the cloth for the first
experiment. Six pieces were stained so one would be the control and the
other five had a different stain remover applied to each. After letting it sit
for an hour I applied the remover following the instructions of each bottle
and then placed in the washing machine letting it only do a half wash as I
still wanted the stain be there so it could be analysed. Once they were
washed I let them dry so the colour and size of the stain could be seen
clearer.
To be done during the holidays- Stain the cloth for the second
experiment making sure i used 5mls of wine just as i did in the previous
experiment, after letting it sit for an hour so the stain could soak into the
fibres I applied the stain remover again following the instructions on the
bottle and then put it into the washing machine again for a half wash.
To be done during the holidays- Analyse the results from both
experiment s by placing them next to each other and seeing where each
piece of cloth placed in the order of darkest to lightest. I looked at the
colour which was left by using a colour spectrum as a scale (the scale held
different shades of maroon) and then the size of the stain, measuring the
surface area of each one.
Between the 20-23/04/15 Apply this information to my weebly page.
Between the 20-23/04/15 Do the finishing touches to the page making
sure there were no errors and that it followed the marking criteria.
To be done on the 23/04/15 Publish the page.
{id:'74679083922

Dairy entries over the course of this

experiment.
1/04/15
Today I went and collected some of the materials I needed. I bought
one type of spray stain remover (Di-San. At home I located an old bath
towel, which will be cut up so each experiment is done on the same
material and a bottle of red wine.
6/04/15
Today I did some more research on stains and found information in
these websites:
http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resources/chemistry-in-yourcupboard/vanish/2
http://www.humantouchofchemistry.com/what-makes-stain-removersremove-stains.htm
https://www.nationaldiagnostics.com/histology/article/chemistry-dyesand-staining
8/04/15
I re-designed my website today, changing all the sub-headings to
Introduction, Plan/Diary, Method/Results and Analysis and conclusion.
15/04/15
I prepared all equipment for the experiment reducing down and
choosing what products to use. The stain removers in which I will be
using include:
Woolworths home brand- Pre-wash Stain Remover
White King- Stain lift
Di-san-Ultra degreaser
Select-Boost
The wine I am using is a shiraz and the cloth which this experiment will
be done on is a bath towel as it will absorb the stain more making it
harder to remove.
16/04/15
Today I performed the first experiment and gathered the results for it. I
stained the piece of towel with 5mls of wine and then let it sit for 1
hour. Once it has finished sitting I applied the stain removers ensuring
that I followed the instructions explained on each bottle in order to
receive the best result as possible. I sprayed the removers 4 times onto
each towel. Then I placed all six pieces into the washing machine (top
loader) and set it for a half wash, as I still wanted a stain left so I could

analyse it. I then allowed the pieces of towel dry once they finished
washing. Once they were fully dry I photographed the result.
19/04/15
The second experiment was conducted today and I did it exactly the
same as the first one in order to keep the results accurate. I applied the
5mls of wine with the same utensil, left it for an hour to soak and then
applied the stain remover four times to each one. They were then
again they were placed in the machine on a half wash and left to dry.
Once again the results were photographed and analysed next to the
first experiment.
22/04/15
Today I analysed the results more closer ensuring to relate the results
to the maroon colour spectrum and the size of each stain. Once they
were analysed I typed them up on word and added it to my weebly
page. In the results section I placed a graph, the colour spectrum and
statistical information in order to prove which stain remover works the
best. From the results gathered the White king - stain lift regular
worked the best, as from both experiments it was the most consistent
and it had faded the most in colour and size.

23/04/15
Today I did the finishing touches to my weebly page, editing all of the
mistakes and ensuring the results were accurate and detailed. I also
double checked to see if it matched up with the marking criteria in
order achieve the most marks possible.

Plan
To ensure that this experiment goes to plan I have identified the risks involved,
the independent, controlled and dependant variables as well as researched
information about the chemical compounds found in stains the their removers.
After completing a risk assessment and identifying all of the risk involved in
doing this experiment I have come up with ways to combat them so no one will
get hurt. The first risk is that the scissors used to cut up the material are sharp
so keep all body parts away from the blade and don't run with them. Always hold
the scissors with the sharp end facing down and away from your body so there is
no possible way of the sharp end entering your body. The next risk is the string

smell of the wine. Perform this experiment in an area which has a flow of fresh
air as the smell can sometimes be to overwhelming and cause headaches, the
combat this ensure there is fresh air available. Also while doing this experiment
and using the washing machine ensure that there is no water near the electrical
cables as that can cause electrocution. Have a look for water leaks which are
near the washing machine before turning it on for use. Consumption of the wine
as well may cause you to become drunk and result in you feeling sick once the
effects wear off, do not drink the wine at any times throughout this experiment.
One final risk which I have identified to be involved with this experiment is the
stain removers contain chemicals which could cause an irritation to your skin or
if it comes into contact with your eyes it may burn them. Keep all chemicals
away from your face and wear protective gear such as gloves and glasses if you
have sensitive skin.
The independent, dependent and controlled variables are very important to
identify when doing an experiment and for this experiment they are as follow:
Independent variable- For this experiment the independent variable is the
different types of spray stain removers which are used. The stain removers are
Home-brand- Pre-wash stain remover, Di-san- Ultra degreaser, Select-boost and
White king- stain lift regular.
Dependent variable- The dependent variable is the colour and size of the stain
after it has been sprayed and washed. This will be recorded by comparing the
colour of the stain to a scale (colour spectrum) and measuring the size of the
stains diameter compared to the control stains diameter. Using these two ways
of showing results will keep the data quantitative.
Controlled variables- There are a few controlled variables which ensured that this
experiment was successful. These variables are the amount of spray put on the
stains, the amount of wine used, time spent washing, the cloth, time spent
soaking into the cloth and the time spent drying. The amount of spray which was
used was kept the same but using the same nozzle for each bottle and squirting
it the same amount of times onto the cloth. I kept the liquid from mixing by
washing out the nozzle and spraying it a few times before applying it to the
fabric. The amount of wine used to create the stain was kept accurate by using
medicine cup and having the cup sit on a flat surface and looking at it by
squatting down to see what level it was at. Each time it was at the exact level of
5mls. The time spent in the washing machine being cleaned was kept the same
by setting the machine to a half wash. Using a washing machine is more
accurate then hand washing as it equally washes all the clothes and there is no
chance of one being more washed then the other. The time the wine spent
soaking into the fibres of the towel was measured by an alarm which went off
after an hour to signal that it is time for them to be sprayed and washed. After
they were washed and cleaned they spent overnight drying. As all of the pieces
were taken out at the same time and left to dry together the time stayed the
same for all of them. To ensure that the next experiment has the same amount of
time I measured the time and set an alarm for the next experiment.

To understand stain you need to know what types there are and what actually
dissolves them. There are three types of stains, pigment, organic and inorganic.
Pigment dyes or stains are very hard to remove as they have a double bond and
get their dark colour by the type of wavelength of light which is emitted. These
types of stains include wine, grass and blood. The strong surface tension which
these types of stains have makes them hard to remove and oxidising them
doesn't work. To remove them you need to use a product with an enzyme in it.
These enzymes break the surface tension and break up the compounds letting
the stain become water soluble. Organic stains are made up of molecules which
aren't metal, such as carbon and hydrogen. To remove an organic stain you use
an organic remover. The reason behind this is 'like removes like', following this
rule you can achieve the results in which you desire. The final type of stain is
inorganic these stains are made by man-made things and again if you follow the
rule 'like removes like' then you can get rid of this stain.
The stain removers which have been used in this experiment are Home-brand Pre-wash stain remover, White king- stain lift regular, Di-san- ultra degreaser and
Select- boost. The properties of each stain remover are different. The homebrand pre-wash stain remover removes pigment stain therefore it will have some
sort of enzyme present in it. This enzyme breaks up the stains and lifts them.
The white king stain lift regular also has enzymes in it. This product has a triple
enzyme makeup meaning it can break up a larger variety of stains. The Di-san
ultra degreaser is specified for oily stains which would make it an inorganic stain
remover. This stain remover has specifically produced to combat greasy stains, it
lifts these stains as it has a strong chemical makeup. The final stain remover I
have used is the select boost. This stain remover follows the process of
oxidation which is where is masks the colour an fades it.