B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A

CHNG I .

GII THIU

1. T VN
Trong h thng in cng nghip thi vic khi ng mm cho ng c l v cng
quan trng. V khi chng ta khi ng trc tip cho ng c, c bit l cc ng
c c cng sut ln thi dng khi ng trc tip rt ln ( Imm= 5 7 Im ) s gy ra
hin tng st p cho ti lm cho h thng in hot ng khng n nh, hoc
nu ta khi ng cng lc nhiu ng c s lm cho h thng in qu ti khng
hot ng c. V vy trong cc h thng in cng nghip khi m my hot
ng cho ng c th ta phi khi ng m bo cho h thng hot ng c
n nh.
V vy nhm thit k B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A.
Nhim v ca ti l: Ci t c in p lc khi ng v thi gian tng in
p.

2. CHN PHNG N THIT K

Trong thc t khi ng ng c c rt nhiu phng n s dng nh dng
bin tn ci t, s dng vi iu khin to xung kch cho cc linh kin in t
cng xut nh: Thyritor, Triac .
Trong ti ny ta s dng phng php khi ng ng c bng vi iu khin
bng cch s dng IC 89C51 thay i gc kch cho triac thay i c in p
ng ra cp cho ng c.

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B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A

CHNG II.

MT S LINH KIN S DNG

1. S lc v vi iu khin 89C51
S lc phn cng ca 89C51
4 Kb ROM v 128 byte RAM
4 Port I/O 8 bit
2 b m nh thi 16 bit
C th giao tip vi cng ni tip
64 Kb khng gian b nh chng trnh m rng.
64 Kb khng gian b nh d liu m rng.
Mt s b s l lun l (thao tc tren cc bt n)
210 bt c a ch ha
B nhn/chia trong 4us
a. S khi v s chn ca 89C51

Hnh 1. So khi 89C51

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B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A

Chc nng ca cc chn 89C51

Port 0: t chn 32 n 39 (P0.0-P0.7). C 2 chc nng : nu dng trong thit
k nh khng dng b nh m rng c ch nng nh cc dng I/O, i vi thit
k ln c b ng m rng n c kt hp gia bus a ch v bus d liu.
Port 1: t chn 1 n chn 9 (P1.0-P1.7) l port I/O dng giao tip vi thit b
bn ngoi
Port 2: t chn 21n chn 28 (P2.0-P2.7) Port 2 l port c tc dng kp dng
nh cc ng xut nhp hoc l byte cao ca b a ch i vi thit k dng b
nh m rng.
Port 3: t chn 10n chn 17 (P3.0-P3.7). Port 3 l port c th s dng nh
I/O bnh thng nhng cn s dng cho cc chc nng c bit nh bng sau:
Bt

Tn

Chc nng chuyn i

P3.0

RXD

Ng vo d liu ni tip

P3.1

TXD

Ng xut d liu ni tip

P3.2

INT0

Ng vo ngt 0

P3.3

INT1

Ng vo ngt 1

P3.4

T0

Ng vo ca timer/counter th 0

P3.5

T1

Ng vo ca timer/counter th 1

P3.6

WR

Tn hiu gi d liu ln b nh ngoi

P3.7

DR

Tn hiu c b nh d liu ngoi

PSEN(chn 29) :l tn hiu ng ra c tc dng cho php dc b nh chng trnh

m rng v thng c kt ni vi chn OE\ ca Eprom cho php c cc byte
m lnh. PSEN mc thp trong thi gian 8951 ly lnh. Cc chng trnh c
c t Eprom qua bus d liu . Khi 8951 thi hnh chng trnh ROM ni th
PSEN mc cao.

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B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A

ALE (chn 30) :dng lm tn hiu iu khin gii da hp cc ng a ch v

d liu khi kt ni vi IC cht.
EA (chn 31): c mc ln mc 1 hoc mc 0
Nu mc 1 th 8951 thc thi chng trnh ROM ni
Nu mc 0 th 8951 thc thi chng trnh t b nh m rng
RST(Reset): chn 9 c dng thit lp trng thi ban u cho h thng
XTAL1, XTAL2 (chn 18,19) : B to dao ng c tch hp bn trong 8951 khi
s dng ta ch cn ni thm thch anh v cc t n nh
b. Kho st cc khi nh bn trong.
T chc b nh RAM: bao gm nhiu thnh phn.
Phn lu tr da dng c a ch t 30H- 7FH
Phn lu tr a ch ha tng bit c a ch t 20H-2FH
Cc bank thanh gi c a ch t 00H- 1FH
Cc thanh gi c chc nng c bit c a ch t 80H- FFH
c. Cc thanh gi c chc nng c bit
Thanh gi trng thi chng trnh PSW
Thanh ghi B
Con tr ngn xp SP
B n chng trnh PC
Con tr d liu DPTR
Cc thanh gi Port
Cc thanh gi Timer
Cc thanh gi Port ni tip
Cc thanh gi ngt
Cc thanh gi iu khin ngun PCON

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B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A

2. TRANSISTOR
S dng Transistor C1815, C828, A1013

3. NI QUANG ( MOC 3021 )

y ta dung MOC 3021. ng dng ca n l dng cch ly mch iu khin

vi mch cng xut.
Mch ng dng ca MOC 3021

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B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A

4. RELAY
S dng relay 5 chn. 220V , 25A

5. TRIAC (TRIOD AC SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCH).

Thng c coi nh hai SCR lng hng v c th dn in theo hai chiu.

Hnh sau y cho thy cu to, m hnh tng ng v cu to ca Triac.

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B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A

Nh vy, ta thy Triac nh gm bi mt SCR PNPN dn in theo chiu t trn

xung di, kch bi dng cng dng v mt SCR NPNP dn in theo chiu t
di
ln kch bi dng cng m. Hai cc cn li gi l hai u cui chnh (main
terminal).
- Do u T2 dng hn u T1, Triac dn in ta c th kch dng cng
dng v khi u T2 m hn T1 ta c th kch dng cng m.

Cc thng s ca triac.
in p phn c thun v ngch (VBR(F) v VBR(R))
Dng in cc i
Dng gi IH
p cng v dng kch khi
Tc chuyn mch
ng dng : Triac dng iu chnh cng sut ng c, kim sot vn tc ng c
AC

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B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A

6. LM 7805
y l linh kin c s dng rt ph bin trong cc mch ngun to ra
in p c nh. y ta ch dng IC 7805 to ra mch n p 5V .

7. Led 7 on
Dng trong mch hin th, hin thng tin giao tip gia ngi dng v vi x
l. y ta dng loi anot chung.

Cng vi 1 s linh kin thong dng khc:

+ t 33p, 104p, 1000uF 25V, 470uF 25V,
+ in tr R 220, 1K, 10k, 5k6
+ led n
+ diode 1N4001
+ thch anh 12MHz,

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B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A

CHNG III.

THIT K, TNH TON

I. S KHI TNG QUT

Gm c 5 khi c trnh by nh s di y

KHI TO
XUNG
NG B

Hnh 1:S khi

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B KHI NG MM 1 PHA 220V 20A

II. CC KHI TRONG MCH IN

1. Khi x l: gm mch ngun v b vi x l

Hnh 2: khi x l v ngun

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