Lesson 4

Case Endings : C.E. Ismin Halleri:

In Turkish nouns, (pronouns, verbal nouns) take 5 kinds of Case Ending Suffixes. Case Endings can be attached
directly to a noun-base or to a noun that already has a possessive suffix. Case Endings are used depending on the
meaning of the sentence as well as on the nature of the verb in the sentence.
"Noun" (Nominative or Absolute), "Yaln", Isim
okul : school ,

bahe : garden ,

ev : house,

masa: table

1. Locative Case : -D2 : at, on, in

evde, bahede, okulda : at home, in the garden, at school
Istanbul da: In Istanbul.
Ali evde. : Ali is at home.
ocuklar bahede: Children .
Kitap masada: The book is ..
Baba ite: The father is at work
Note: The 3th. person singular doesnt take any suffixe for verb to be. Therefore we dont see the verb personal
ending for these exemples.
2. Dative Case : -(y)2 : to, towards, ...
eve, baheye, okula : to the house ...
Ali eve gidiyor. : Ali is going home.
Mehmet bana bakyor : Mehmet is looking at me.
Kalemi oraya koy : Put the pencil there.
Sana sylyorum . Im telling you
Some verbs requires dative form: (bakmak,vermek, sylemek, koymak )
(to look, to give, to say, to put.)
3. Accusative / Definite Objective Case : -(y)4
The verbe must be transitive verb. Accusative form is needed when the object of the sentence is definite and
specific. Well see the difference below:
okumak: to read / gazete: newspaper
okuyorum :

Im reading.

Bir gazete okuyorum. : Im reading a paper.

Gazeteyi okuyorum. : Im reading the paper.
Okuyor:

He is reading.

Ali gazeteyi okuyor. : Ali is reading the paper.

grmek: to see
Bir ev gryorum. :

I see a house.

Evi gryorum :

I see the house.

Evi grdm:

I saw or( have seen )the house.

Bursa y grdm:

I saw or( have seen) Bursa.

Also when we say "that house, the red house, his house etc." the house is not just any house but a definite one,
so the accusative case ending is used.
4. Ablative Case : -D2n : from, out of, through
evden, baheden, sokaktan, ocuktan from (out of, through) the house,..
geliyor: (he) is coming
Ali baheden geliyor :

Ali is coming from the garden.

Ali nereden geliyor? :

Where is Ali coming from?

Parktan geliyor :

Hes coming from the park.

As we know after unvoiced letters (hard consonants as p,,t,k,s,,f, h) "D" turns into "t".
5. Genitive Case : -(n)4n : of ..., ...s
If the word ends in a vowel (possessive added or not) "n" comes as a buffer letter before the genitive suffix -4n
and becomes -(n)4n. When the genitive suffix is at the end of the sentence the meaning is "it is his, hers, its,
theirs ...", showing the possessor.
After proper nouns we put an apostrophe () to make it clear that the following ending is the suffix. In this lesson
well learn the pronouns. We will see them again in lesson 10 with the command form.
kalem: pen/pencil / defter: notebook
kim?: who? / kimin?
"Alinin"

: whose?
:(It is) Alis, It belongs to Ali.

"Bu kalem kimin?"

:Whose pencil is this? (To whom does this pencil belong?)

"Bu kalem Alinin"

:This pencil is Alis.

"Defterler ocuklarn"
Masann

:These notebooks belong to the children.

:tables or of the table

Masann rengi: colour of the table. (renk: colour)

PRONOUNS (Zamir)
ben : I

biz :

sen :

you (singular)

siz :

o:

he, she, it, that

sen :

you (informal and always singular)

siz :

you (formal and singular or plural)

we

you (plural or you polite)

onlar :

they, those

Pronouns with Case Endings (C.E.)

Locative

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

ben / I

bende

bana

beni

benden

sen / you

sende

sana

seni

senden

o / he,she,it

onda

ona

onu

ondan

biz / we

bizde

bize

bizi

bizden

siz / you

sizde

size

sizi

sizden

onlar / they/those

onlarda

onlara

onlar

onlardan

kim / who?

kimde?

kime?

kimi?

kimden?

Note that

"ben" in Dative form is "bana" and

"sen" in Dative form is "sana", instead of "bene" and "sene" and after "o" the letter nis used as a buffer, "ona".
C.E. with bura-, ura-, ora-, nere-.
Locative

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

bura

burada / here

buraya / to here

buray / here

buradan/from here

ura

urada / there

uraya / to there

uray / there

uradan/from there

ora

orada / there

oraya / to there

oray / there

oradan/from there

nere

nerede? / where?

nereye?/ to where? nereyi? /where? nereden?/from

where

My suggestion to all the beginners:

Some verbs require ablative forms some dative some accusative. But in my opinion 80% of the verbs are used in
the definite form in accusative. So if you learn the 20% which remain, you can guess the accusative ones...
Take a blank sheet. Divide into 4 parts with a ruler as a cross.
put 1-2-3-4
IN PART 1 (left up) name DATIVE (Y)2 e a ye ya: to toward
Bir eye bakmak, birine birey sylemek, birine birey vermek etc....
Bakmak is dative tou look toward somethingsylemek if we tell to someone it2s dative also to give is dative if
we give to someone. as you see the action is prolonged toward someone....
IN PART 2 -(right up) name ACCUSATIVE (y)4 (i,,u,) (ONLY DEFINITE OBJECT )
To find the object ask the queston who or what to the verb? Whos do you love? what do you carry ? what do
you see? The answer is the object
. Its mostly in accusative form in Turkish. I see the tree . or I take the newspaper. The definite object is in
accusatve form.
BR EYI ALMAK.(ta take something)
BREY KOYMAK (to put something) BR EY SEVMEK (to love something) BR SEY GETRMEK (to
bring something) BR EYI TAIMAK.(to carry something)
This is approximativeley 80 % of the verbs.....
IN PART 3 (left below WRITE LOCATIVE d2- de da :at, in ,on
durmak (stop) -uyumak (sleep) -kalmak (stay) -komak (run)
evde kalmak /stay at home) -yatakta uyumak (to sleep in the bed) etc....

IN PART 4 (right below) put ABLATIVE: DEN DAN -FROM

kmak (leave get out)- korkmak(be afraid) -vaz gemek (renounce) - nefret etmek (hate)-gelmek come from
somewhere)- holanmak(lke) sklmak (to get annoyed
Evden kyorum. Im leaving the house (we say from house)
Im afraid of the dog we say from the dog : kpekten korkuyorum
Bu iten vazgeiyorum: I renounce this work
evden geliyorum: I come from home
iten kyorum: Im leaving work
iten skldm :Im fed up with work!!!!
This is the way to remember and not get mixed upwith these vebs. But using them a lot in the sentences will
make you remember.
By substituting each time just one word try to make sentences yourself as:
Havluyu gryorum,evi gryorum, at gryorum, at grdn, at grdn m?
I see the towel, I see the house, I see the horse, you saw the horse, did you see the horse?
(at becomes at+ ) this suffixe " "is accusatve .Its just the definite object in Turkish because if I say "Bir at
grdm" it means: I saw a horse (ndefinite object)

EXERCICES
Please put the right ending Dative or accusative

(Y)2 =(y)e -(y)a or (y)4 = ,i,u,

1) Taksim............... git : Go to Taksim=

2) Paris.................. gel : Come to Paris
3 Beril.................. syle: Tell to Beril
4) Beril......... seviyorum: I love Beril
5) Kitap.......................getiriyorum : I bring the vase:
6) Vazo...................beeniyorum I like the vase
7) kap.......bak.: look at the door or (can be understood also open the door)
8) kitap.....bak: look at the book
9)kitap... masa.... koy: put the book on the table
Answers
1) Taksime 2) Parise 3) Berile 4 Berili 4) kitab 6) vazoyu 7)kapya 8)kitaba 9) kitab masaya koy