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i hc K Thut Cng Ngh Tp H Ch Minh

144/24 in Bin Ph, P.25, Q.Bnh Thnh

pj

A%

VV

TIU LUN K thut v Cng ngh sau thu hoch


Chui
(Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum)

ng dng phng php Lm lnh v


Thit b iu chnh Ethylene trong bo qun Chui

Khoa
Lp
Nhm WTF

Cng Ngh Thc Phm 09DTP1


Nguyn Quang Huy
Nguyn Hiu Ngh Le Hoi
Nam Hunh Tun

Ngun
TCP/ERI/3002

Tin s Fabio Mencarelli


Chuyn gia Cng ngh sau thu hoch
i hc La Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
V

Danilo J. Mejia L. Ph. D


Cn b AGST, thuc FAO

B Nng nghip Eritrea


T chc Lng thc v Nng nghip
FAO ca Lin Hip Quc

Rome, 2004

Ni dung
A. Gii thiu
B. S tng trng ca
chui v mt s ch
trc thu hoch
c. Tiu chun cht lng
D. Ch s thu hoch
E. Nhng iu cn lu khi thu
hoch
F. Vn chuyn n nh kho
G. Quy trnh ng gi ti nh kho
H. Sp xp v lu tr
I. Nhng yu cu chn ca chui
sau thu hoch

G. Cc bc thao tc vi my Ethylene
H. Ph lc: H thng kho lm lnh

A.Gii thiu
Quc gia Eritrea, l mt quc gia Phi Chu rt ni ting v xut khu tri cy, rau qu sang
Trung ng v chu u, vi Chui l mt thnh phn quan trng trong xut khu ca nc ny.
Tuy nhin, xut khu Chui chm dt sau 1974 v cc n in Chui gim dn do cc vn
lin quan n chin tranh. Hin nay chui c sn xut da trn tng din tch khong 1500 ha,
ch yu Akordet, Tesseney v khu vc Gash-Barka, ni T chc Lng thc v Nng nghip
Lin Hp Quc (FAO) thng qua chng trnh hp tc k thut thc hin; trong mt s giai
on, mt d n ban u c tiu : "H tr Pht ng s b cho vic sn xut Chui, Chng
trnh ci thin cht lng v xut khu" sau l" Din n Pht trin Maketing tng chnh
ca cc d n ny lm tng cng s thng nht v cht ch ca cng ngh sau thu hoch, gn
vi nng cao cht lng v an ton trong sn xut cy trng ca quc gia v thng mi vi s
tp trung vo chui v hnh ty. V vy, b phn H tr h thng Nng nghip ca FAO thng
qua cc n v k thut nh AGST v AGSF hng dn k thut, v cng vi B Nng nghip
ca Eritrea thc hin cc hot ng khc nhau t c nhng mc tiu c tip cn trong
cc d n ny. Tiu lun ny tp trung hn vo cc hot ng k thut lin quan n vic ng
gi, x l, chn v bo qun chui Sau thu hoch.

B.S tng trng ca chu v mt s ch trc thu hoch


Chui l mt loi qu c nh t ph h hp v c th pht trin trong nhiu loi t v c
bit hiu qu trong t su vi t tht hay nhng kt cu st (t trn t st), n c th pht
trin mnh cao 1,5 n 1000 m trn mc nc bin v cho qu ngt hn ti 600 m v cao
hn. Mt trng c th c t 1500-2000 cy/ha v c thu hoch
1113 thng sau khi trng. Sau , mi 9 thng n c th cho tri tr li trong iu kin pht
trin tt. Chui chu c khong pH t rng, nhng pH 6,5 l l tng nht cho s pht trin
ca chng v yu cu cc cht hu c khng t hn 2,5 phn trm (300-600 kg/h/nm ca Amoni
sunfat hoc Amoni nitrat), 24 ppm vi Photpho, Kali 400-600 ppm v Canxi, Magi, Lun hunh
pht trin tt, cng nh mt s vi cht dinh dng, ch yu l Bo, Mangan v Km. Chui
cng pht trin tt trong khu vc c lng ma 7mm/ngy hoc 25-50 mm mi tun vi loi t
thot nc tt, n khng th pht trin tt trong khu vc m t hay b lt lt. Chui c th chu
c tc gi t 10 n 14 km / gi nhng trn 35 km / gi c th lm gim nng sut do l c
chng b tc thnh nhng mnh nh.
Cc k hn thu hoch Chui c th da trn cc ch s sau y:
a) C gc cnh hoc c hnh dng CO bn ca qu. l lc chui nn c thu hoch khi pht
trin c khong 3/4 hoc ton b giai on ty theo yu cu ca th trng
b) tui sinh l ca qu da trn s tun t khi n hoa xut hin n khi trng thnh.Thu hoch
Chui thng din ra vo bui sng th thch hp hn, ct thn cy t t khong mt phn ba t
u Bung chui ri h xung cn thn. Gi phn cui ca Bung trc khi n chm mt t.
Sau ct cung, li khong 30 cm thn bung x l d dng.

c. Tiu chun cht lng


Tiu chun cht lng (tiu chun E). Nhng tiu chun ny cp n cc loi thuc
ging Musa (AAA) Spp, nhm ph Cavendish e Gross Michel.

c im cht lng:
1. Cc c im yu cu ti thiu trc khi chn cho tt c cc loi chui cn phi:

C mu xanh lc, xt mt giai on pht trin y th chui vn cha chn hon ton; cn
c chm sc k cng, khng c k sinh trng, khng gp cc triu chng h hng, sch
gc, khng d lng thuc, khng b bin dng, khng b nt hay c k h, khng c mi hi

2. Phn loi.
Chui c phn thnh ba loi:
i) Extra (loi c Bit): Chui khng c c bt k li, ngoi tr v khuyt tt nh (t hn 1
cm2 trn ton b mt) m khng nh hng n ton b bung chui hay nhng qu khc.
ii) First (loi Mt): Tiu chun cng nh trn nhng chui c th c nhng hnh dng khuyt tt
nh; thay i v nh (t hn 2 cm2) m khng nh hng n tht qu
iii)Second (loi Hai): Chui phi m bo cc yu cu ti thiu nhng c th c cc khuyt tt
hnh dng; hoc v try xc (t hn 4 cm2), cc khim khuyt khng c gy nh hng
n tht qu

o c v hiu chun kch thc (xem Hnh 1)


c cc s o sau, ta cn phi xem xt s tng quan
gia cc qu chui cng mt ni trc khi chuyn vo
kho ng gi
Chiu di chui: o (cm) chnh xc t gc n ngn
Chiu rng chui: mt ct ngang gia chui (mm)
Tiu chun chung: Chiu rng > 27 mm. Chiu di: >14
cm.
Tiu chun xut khu th trng: vi Chiu rng 3139,5 mm (th trng Bc u); 32-38 mm (th trng a
Trung Hi) v Chiu di: > 19 cm
Nhng trng hot) sn phm c chp nhn cc sai
st trong cht lng v kch c:

l.Cht lng
i) Chui loi Extra: 5 phn trm trng lng hoc
s
qu
ca
Chui
loi

Mt

_
__

rigure 1. How to measure bananas,

ii) Chui loi Mt: 10 phn trm trng lng hoc


s lng chui khng ph hp vi yu cu chun hoc cc yu cu ti thiu, nhng khng ln
cc qu nhim su bnh hoc c nhng khuyt tt khng chp nhn c
2. Kch thc
i vi tt c cc loi Chui, 10 phn trm s
chui t hn 1 cm chiu di ca yu cu ti thiu (14 cm) th c chp nhn

1.

2.

3.

ng gi v trnh by
Tnh ng nht
Mi bao b ch cha chui cng mt ngun gc,m bo cht lng v s lng. Phn c th
quan st c ca chui trong hp phi i din cho ton b chui ca hp.
Xl
Cc chui phi c x l theo cch nh vy m bo vic bo v sn phm. Cc vt liu
c s dng ng gi phi mi, sch s v khng c hi hoc cha nhng cht nguy
him cho sn phm cng nh cho ngi tiu dng. Vic s dng giy hoc cc vt liu in tip
xc trc tip vi tri cy phi l loi s dng c vi thc phm. Cc gi sn phm khng
c c bt k d vt no khc.
Trnh by
Sn phm bao gi phi cha khong gn mt ni hoc mt cm hay ti thiu l 4 qu vi
nhau. Trong mi gi, mt cm chui thiu 1- 2 qu c th chp nhn nu chng b ct ra mt
cch chnh xc, c ngha l dng vi con dao dng ct chui trc (tc l n c
loi b v c khuyt tt sau khi kim tra ln cui). Trong mi gi, c th chp nhn nhiu hp
vi 4-8 qu chui nhng ch c mt hp vi 3 chui, l sai st nh khng ng k.
Nhng ghi ch trn nhn sn phm Mi gi phi c th hin trn cng v tr
r rng, d c nhng thng tin sau:
Ngun gc
Loi sn phm ("chui", loi chui)
Xut x sn phm
c tnh thng mi (th loi, trng lng
tnh, min v max ca kch thc)

D.Ch s thu hoach:

Mt trong nhng tiu ch rt hu ch cho


vic thu hoch qu s dng trong thng
mi l tui ca bung chui sau khi xut
hin trn cy (xut hin c th c nh
ngha l lc hnh thi ni chui hon chnh
c th nhn thy c u tin).
Ch :
a. nh du thn cy (nhnh, bung) bng dy
ai mu theo tun tui.
b. Bo v cc ni chui bng cch s dng

..

Figure 2. Banana hands protection with


plastic film and paper.

cc mnh nha, giy hoc cc vt liu mm, khng mn, hay cc vt liu nh l (hnh 2) (
mt tui nht nh, cc ni trng thnh mi nhnh l khc nhau, nhnh gn cui s
trng thnh hn so vi nhng nhnh u ngn).
c. D ton trng thnh ca ton b bung bng cch s dng ni th 2 tnh t u ngn v o
lng chiu di, chiu rng theo tiu chun phn C)

E.Nhng iu cn lu khi thu hoch:

Trc khi ct c bung, cn dng ti nha bc cc ni trnh dy m vo sn phm.


Mt ngi phi gi bung, ngi cn li th ct cung bung bng dao (dao i rng- Machete).
Ngi th 3 - ngi a bung ct i, phi cn thn dng mt tm chn mm khng n mn
lt trn vai khi vc.
Trnh m cy bm vo qu, nu b bm cch gii quyt tt nht l s dng Phn chua Nhm
Sunfat A2(S04)3, nu khng c sn th cng c th s dng giy hoc khn vi lau kh.
Khi chn b dnh m cy tr nn th rp v mn th khng nn tip tc s dng.
Ch : phi s dng bao tay khi lm vic.

F. Vn chuyn n nh kho:
- Trnh s va chm gia cc ni st nhau bng
cch lt vo nhng vt liu mm.
- Khng chng cc ni ln nhau trnh gy
p lc cho b mt
- V tr t phi mm
- Trnh di chuyn qua khu vc gh gh v
nhiu l ln

Cc phng php vn chuyn n ni ng


gi:
Bng cp treo
t trn vai hoc lng ca ngi khun vc.
t trn lng la c lt sn l kh.
Dng xe chuyn dng

G.

Quy trnh ng gi ti nh kho

1. Ct v ra
Khi chuyn v kho ng gi, qu nn c kim tra y s lng v kch thc, nhc
im, vt so, cn trng tn cng... Ch c nhng qu chui p ng y yu cu cht lng
mi c ng gi, nhng qu cht lng thp hn c th c gi sang x l v ch bin.
NU C NC: c hai la chn.
a) Bung (chui) c treo ln mc kim loi. Sau , tin hnh ra c bung bng cc tia nc
b) a chui vo mt bn nc v tin hnh ra
Tip theo s chuyn sang cc bn nc tip theo thc hin cng don ct Chui sau
c ct thnh t 8-14 ni tnh t trn xung di (khong 16-18 qu trong mt ni). Trong
qu trnh ct, nc rt cn thit bo v cc bung (chui) v lm sch chng. Lu : Trong

bn th hai bt buc phi c mt loi thuc tr nm nh Thiabendazole v mt loi thuc


phc hi, ty trng nh Nhm Sunfat (phn). Tng t nh vy, khong 75-125 ppm Natri
Hypochlorite thng c cho vo nc gim sinh vt phn hy. Cng quan trng l lm
y cho cc bn n 75 phn trm tng khi lng trnh nc trn.
NU KHNG C NC: ct cc bung (chui) nh nhng trn mt b mt phng ph xp,
mm, vt liu (ba cc tng, vi, l...) v dng dao chuyn dng loi b phn tha, cc d vt
bn ngoi (l, bi bn, vt bn) lm sch mt ct loi b m.
Ch : cc vt liu dng lt cn phi c thay i thng xuyn.
2. Phn loi
Ct chui t cc nii thnh nhng cm nh hn, lm gim lng m v t l thi, tng tnh
thm m cho sn phm
Neu m cao su kh loi b th ngm chng trong bn nc th hai trong khong 20 pht
Cc loi thuc dit nm c ngh (Thiabendazole) nng c th c 400 ppm / pht
(i vi E) hoc 200 ppm (i vi Hoa K), v cht ty trng (Alum) 1 phn trm, c trong
ngn th hai. Nc nn c thay i thng xuyn v cn phi kim tra cn thn nng
dung dch ha cht c s dng
Lm sch phn u vi dung dch thuc ty hoc dung dch thuc dit nm (nu nc b
khng c sn)
ng gi cc cm chui ct trong cc hp bng giy hoc nha hoc bao b nilon theo mt
dy chuyn nhiu ngi (xem hnh 4, 5 v 6)
S dng cc loi chui cng tui ng gi cng mt lc trnh chn khng u sau khi x
l ethylene.

Figure 4. Cluster of bananas ready to be packed.

Figure 5. Single cluster packed in plastic


perforated bag and coded.

H. sp xp v lu tr

iu quan trng l phi tnh ton hp


l m bo hn s dng l ti u
nht. Chui nn c lun tr xa ca
ra vo, ca s, cc bc tng v phn
t lnh hoc nng.
Cc np thng cc tng nn c b
i v dn kn ming thng bng nilon.
iu ny ngn cn s sinh nhit trong
thng cc tng kn. Thng phi c
xp chng cho m bo thng hi
y cho sn phm.
Qu trnh chui chn ph thuc vo s
hnh thnh m cao trong phng
cha. y nh mt h qu Chui Thng carton, thng s hp th nc Figure 6. Clusters of bananas packed for shipping
v c th lm yu thnh hp v gy
overseas.
r

mt s vng chc ca h thng thng cc tng xp chng ln nhau. Do cn ch khng


xp chng cc thng ln qu cao ( mc chun l xp khng qu 5 lp thng)
Cn phi c mt h thng lm lnh m bo rng khch hng s nhn c nhng sn
phm tt nht v ti nht. Bn cnh , c th d dng qun l chn ca cc l hng
bng cch chia ra tng khu vc chn khc nhau ca sn phm. l phng php Lm
lnh bng khng kh i lu cng bc

Cc bc chnh
Sp xp cc hp trong
phng mt cch hp l
khng kh c th lu thng
v lun vo bn trong cc
hp thng qua cc l thong
kh (Hnh 7 v
8) ; m cc hp v gp cc
ti nha li
Khng t cc hp dc theo
cc bc tng v i din
thit b bay hi Evaporator
(Hnh

9)

Ph cc hp u tin gn
thit b bay hi m bo
c nhit trong thng
13c v nhit khng kh
pht ra t thit b bay hi
(my sy) c th thp hn
13c

Kim tra nhit trong cc gc khc nhau ca cn phng


v nhng cao khc nhau
Pallet
10 cm

<

^ E T

Door

Evaporator

20 cm

Figure 7. Flow of the cold and the warm air inside a


storage room with a special stacking system useful for
ripening

bananas (overview).
Kim tra s thng gi cc gc khc nhau trong phng v nhng cao khc
nhau bng cch s dng cc vt nh nh giy hoc bng.
Pallet with boxes
Neu bn khng s dng ti nha bo
qun chui, cn phi kim tra m
Evaporator
tng i, nu n qu thp, sn s b

ng nc
Neu bn khng s dng cc gi
thng, cn phi sp t cc hp cao hn sn nh
Gi sch kho cha:
Figure 8. Air flow in the storage room as above.
sn, tng, trn, thit b
bay hi

(Mt

ct

ngang)

Khng kh lnh: mu
xanh
Khng kh nng:
Khng kh m-lnh:
mu da cam

Figure 9. These systems of stacking are not good for storage and ethylene
diffusion.

L. Nhng yu cu chn ca chui sau khi thu hoch


1. Phng lm chn

Trc khi chuyn cc thng sn phm vo phng lm chn, chng cn c t ni thong


mt khng b nh hng xu bi nhit .
Tng l sn phm s c kim tra mt ln na m bo p ng y cc chi tit k
thut cht lng c thit lp. Mt thng trong l hng s c la chn ngu nhin tr
thnh mu hp c kim tra v i din cho ton b l hng
Nhng nhit ngu nhin ca qu c th xy ra trong qu trnh vn chuyn s c thc
hin trong phng lm chn m bo rng khng c bin ng nhit bt li xy ra trong
thi gian ny. Neu bin ng bt li c xy ra trong khong thi gian chn, sn phm cn
phi phn chia thnh cc l hng khc nhau trong phng ty theo nhit bin i d
dng phn phi n nhng ni c nhit khc nhau. Nhit ca chui nn c duy trong
khong 13-17 c.
trong mt phm vi c th kim sot c, khi chui trng thnh v sn sng bn,
da trn Hnh 11. Nhu cu th trng v gi c s c mt s nh hng n vic iu chnh
thi gian chn. Ngi qun l k thut cn phi xc nh mt ch cn bng gia cht
lng ca chui - nhu cu th trng - gi c, to ra sn phm cht lng cho th trng v
li nhun cho doanh nghip
Nhng hp ng chui bng cc-tng s ht nc trong phng lm chn c m cao. Thnh
hp s rt yu v gy h hi n sn phm hai hng di cng ca mt cm hp (pallet).
V vy mt pallet ch nn c khng qu 5 thng xp chng ln nhau.

2. Yu cu chn
Mu chui: 1-2
Nhit x l: 20-25C; m tng i x l: 90-95 % (rt cao).
X l Ethylene tp trung: 500-1000 ppm; Thng gi (s dng qut a khng kh tun
hon trong phng)

Figure 11. Colour guideline for ripening.

1: Mu xanh l ti: khng c nh vng xut hin trn chui, thch hp cho vn chuyn ng
di; x l ethylene 24-48 gi 20c (Bng 1).
2: Mu xanh l sng: c nh vng xut hin trn chui nhng vn cn rt xanh, thch hp vn
chuyn vi khong cch ngn; x l ethylene 12-24 h 20 c (Bng 1).
3: Vng nh: chui c mu ng sang vng v c nh mu xanh l; thch hp phn phi nhanh.
K t thi im ny, phng php X l ethylene tp trung khng cn pht huy hiu qu
4, 5, 6: mu vn: dnh phn phi trc tip cho ngi tiu dng (hnh 12)
7: chn nu: xut hin nhng m nu
Table 1. Colour stage, temperature, and ethylene treatment time for banana
Colour

Temperature of treatment

Time of treatment (h)

and maintenance (C)

Days to reach
colour 4

14

48-96

7-10

20

24-48

3-5

14

24-48

5-8

20

12-24

2-4

Nu sau khi x l nhit 14c tng ln n 20c th s ngy t c mu 4 gim i mt


na. Cc gi tr biu th c th thay i khc nhau ty
thuc vo ging, nhit tht qu, tnh trng nng hc
ca sn phm...

CH
Nhit sn phm khng c di 13,5

Cc pallet cn xp y v thng gi ng nht, to


iu kin cho s cn bng nhit v ethylene trong
phng
3. Kim tra
Truc khi sn phm bt u chn:
Kim tra nhit ca chui
Kim tra cng tht qu(Bng 2)
Sau khi x l lm chn:
Kim tra cng
Kim tra lng ng (Bng 2)

Figure 12. Banana ready for the retail shop (color 4).

Ripening stage

Firmness

Sugar

(Colour)

(Kg)

(%)

4.

Light green (2)

3-4

2-5

Light yellow (3)

2-3

7-9

Yellow (4-5)

1-1.5

10-14

Brown spots (6-7)

0.5

a 14

Xc nh lng ng v cng tht qu

a) Xc nh lng ng (bng khc x k)

Chn 10 qu chui t mt hp trong tng gc ca phng chn /phng lu tr: tng s chui l 40
(ti thiu)
B v
Ct mng thnh ming 50g chui (t on gia), nn ct
thnh nhng ming chui ng nht v khi lng v kch
thc
t lng chui trn vo mt ci ly v thm vo cng
mt lng nc
Trn chng vi nhau tht k c c mt hn hp ng
nht
i khong na gi v mi 10 pht khuy hn hp mt ln
Sau na gi, lc ly dung dch v b mt hoc hai git dung dch hn hp ln khc x k
Gi tr thu c chnh l nng ng trong sn phm

b) Xc nh cng (Thu k Penetrometer vi 8 u ng knh mm)

Cng mt mu ca th nghim xc nh hm lng ng hoc mu khc ty


B v chui
t chui trn mt mt phang
a My o xuyn kim Penetrometer theo chiu dc
vo trong tht chui ln lt 3 im sau: hai u v gia
qu
Khi cc u penetrometer c vo tht qu th dng y
vo
c gi tr trn penetrometer chnh l cng ca tht qu

M. Cc bc thao tc vi my Ethylene (ETHYLFAST hnh 13 v 14)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Mang bao tay


M np
bt ZETA vo khoang hnh tr bn trong my
nc cao hn lng bt 5 cm tnh t trn xung, v khuy bng mt thanh kim loi
nc vo cc khoang chnh ca EthylFast ln n mt na cao ca khoang
6. Ty theo din tch phng, ta s ly mt lng thch hp DAMELENE (t Bng 3) v vo
khoang cha hnh tr trong my
7. ng np EthylFast ngay lp tc v kh Ethylene s c sn sinh mt cch t nhin trong
phng

Figure 13. Ethylene generator.

Internal free
cylindrical
container: fill
with water up
to here

Main container
EthylFast: fill
with water up to
here

Filter and
ethylene
diffusor
ZETA
powder

Figure 14. Ethylene generator use.

Free volume of the room m3 ml of DAMELENE to


(without bananas)
obtain 500 ppm of
ethylene

10

10

ml of DAMELENE to
obtain 1 000 ppm of
ethylene

20

DAMELENE'
D.DRANCATO .
V. WM. IIJflH OVUM* VP

20

20

40

30

30

60

40
50

40
50

80
100

100
100
200
Table 3. Relation between room volume and Damelene (ml) required for ethylene concentration.

H.

PH LC: H thng kho lnh

Nguyn l cp ng ca kho l lm lnh bng khng kh i lu cng bc. Sn phm cp


ng dng block hoc dng ri c t trong cc khay v cht ln cc xe cp ng. Xe cp
ng lm bng vt liu inox, c nhiu tng, khong cch gia cc tng ln sau khi xp
cc khay sn phm vo vn cn khong h nht nh khng kh lnh tun hon i qua.
Khng kh lnh tun hon cng bc trong kho xuyn qua khe h gia cc khay v trao i
nhit v c hai pha. Qu trnh trao i nhit y l trao i nhit i lu cng bc, pha
trn trao i trc tip vi sn phm, pha di trao i qua khay cp ng v dn nhit vo
sn phm.
Nhit khng kh trong bung cp ng t -35c. Do thi gian cp ng kh nhanh,
i vi sn phm dng ri khong 3 gi/m, sn phm dng block khong 7^9 gi/m.
Dn lnh kho cp ng c th treo trn cao hoc t di nn. i vi kho cng sut ln,
ngi ta chn gii php t nn, v khi lng dn kh nng. Khi treo trn cao ngi ta phi
lm cc gi treo chc chn t trn trn panel v treo ln cc x nh.
Dn lnh kho cp ng thng bm tuyt rt nhiu, do sn phm cp ng cn ti v
trn, nn phi c x bng thng xuyn. Tuy nhin khng nn lm dng x bng, v mi
ln x bng bao gi cng km theo tn tht nhit nht nh, ng thi ngng lm lnh nn
thi gian x bng b ko di. Ngi ta thng chn gii php x bng bng nc cho dn
lnh kho cp ng.
S nguyn l h thng v cu to cc thit b s dng trong cc kho cp ng tng i
n gin, d ch to.
Kho cp ng c un im l khi lng hng cp ng mi m ln. Tuy nhin, do thi gian
cp ng kh lu nn kho cp ng t c s dng.
Trn hnh 1 l s nguyn l kho cp ng s dng mi cht R22.
H thng gm cc thit b chnh sau y
- My nn: H thng s dng my nn 2 cp.
Ccloi my nn
dng l MYCOM, York-Frick, Bitzer, Copeland vv...

lnh thng hay c s

- Bnh trung gian: i vi h thng lnh 2 cp s dng n ngi ta thng s dng bnh
trung gian kiu nm ngang. Bnh trung gian kiu ny rt gn, thun li lp t, vn hnh v
cc thit b ph i km t hn.
i vi h thng nh c th s dng bnh trunggian kiutm bn ca Alfalaval
chi ph
thp nhng rt hiu qu.
i vi h thng NH3, ngi ta s dng bnh trung gian kiu ng vi y cc thit b
bo v, an ton.

- 15-

Bnh tch lng hi nhit: Trong cc h thng lnh thng cc thit b kt hp mt hay
nhiu cng dng. Trong h thng n ngi ta s dng bnh tch lng kim chc
nng hi nhit. S kt hp ny thng lm tng hiu qu ca c 2 chc nng.

1- My nn; 2- Bnh cha; 3- Bnh ngng; 4- Bnh tch du; 5- Bnh tch lng HN; 6- Dn
lnh; 7- Thp GN; 8- Bm nc GN; 9- Bnh trung gian; 10- B lc; 11- Be nc;
12- Bm x bng
Hnh 1: S h thng lnh kho cp ng mi cht R22

- 16-

1- Dn lnh; 2- Qut dn lnh; 3- Trn gi; 4- Tm hng dng; 5- Xe hng Hnh 2: B tr bn


trong kho cp ng

- V kho: V kho c lp ghp t cc tm panel Polyurethan, dy 150mm. Ring nn kho,


khng s dng cc tm panel m c xy b tng c kh nng chu ti trng ln. Nn kho
c xy v lt cch nhit ging nh nn kho xy. gi tun hon u trong kho ngi ta
lm trn gi to nn knh tun hon gi (hnh 2).
- Cc thit b khc: Ngoi thit b c bit c trng cho h thng kho cp ng s dng R22,
cc thit b khc nh thit b ngng t, bnh cha cao p, thp gii nhit w.. khng c im
khc c bit no so vi cc h thng khc.

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