BUILD A BAND

Keysoundwaveterms:

WaveSpeed

=WavelengthxFrequency
Period
=1/Frequency
Soundwaves
Wavescreatedbythevibrationofobjectstoproduceafrequency
Compression
Pushingtogether
Rarefaction

Pullingapart
Medium
Wherewavestravelthrough
Amplitude

Distancefromthemidpointtothetoporbottomofwave
Crest
Topofawaveorbottomofawave
Wavelength
Distancefromcresttocrest,inmeters
Frequency
HowoftenavibrationoccursinHertz,orcyclespersecond
Period
Amountoftimebetweenwaves
Wave
Disturbanceorvibrationthroughamedium
Transversewaves

Verticalmovement
Longitudinalwaves
Horizontalcompression
Interference
Twowavesbeingaddedtogether
Constructioninterference

Twowavesaddedthatcreateabiggerwave
Deconstructiveinterference
Twowavesaddedthatcreateasmallerwave
Node
Theareabetweenawave
Antinode

Thehighestandlowestpointsofawave
Pitch
Howweperceivewavelength
DopplerEffect

Theconceptofachangeinfrequencyduetothemotionofasource
Blueshift

Anincreaseinfrequency
Redshift

Adecreaseinfrequency
NaturalFrequency

Thenaturalwavelength/frequencyofanobject
Picturestohelp:

Soundwavediagram:

TransverseandLongitudinalWave:

Woodwind:
Thewoodwindworksbecauseairfromyourmouthvibratesinthemouthpiece
andtravelsthroughthepipe.Thelengththattheairtravelscanbeadjustedbycovering
upholesintheinstrument.Whenyoucoveruptheholesthenotegetsdeeper.This
makessensebecausethewavelengthisincreasedmakingthenotelower.Whenno
holesarecoveredup,thewavelengthisshortestmakingthenotehigher.The
placementofthenoteswasbasedonC4octave.Wedividedalltheoriginal
wavelengthsby4togetthewoodwindrequirements.Tobroadenonhowdifferentnotes
arecreated,thebasicideaisthattheinstrumentswavelengthsaremanipulated.Every
holecoveredmakesthenotegodown.
Themouthpieceisalsoakeypiecetotherecorder.Itworksbyairtraveling
throughathinslitandthenjoiningintothemainpipe.Itfitstothemouthandmakesthe
instrumenteasiertoplaybymakingtheairmoreconcentratedthroughonearea.This
mouthpieceisfromarecordedmadefromplastic.Themouthpieceiseasytoplayand
worksveryeffectivelyforourpurposes.

Note

Lengthofbamboo

Multiplelongestholeby

G3

43.18cm

1.000

A3

39.205cm

0.9079

B3

34.9275cm

0.8089

C4

32.9675cm

0.7634

D4

29.37cm

0.68017

E4

26.165cm

0.606

F4

24.6975cm

0.572

Strings:
Whenputtingstringsonyourinstrumentstherearemanywaystochangethenote
thestringsaremaking.Thewaystodothisarechangingthelengthofthestring,make
thestringthicker,andchangingthetensionofthestring.Thiswillchangethenotethat
thestringmakesbecausethefrequencyandthespeedatwhichthestringisvibrating
willchange.Forexampleifthetensionishigherthestringwillvibratefaster,anda
thickerstringvibratesslowerandhasalowerfrequencywhilelighterstringsarethe
opposite.Alsoyoucancreatedifferentnotesbyputtingyourfingerondifferentpartsof
thestringwhichmakesthestringshorterandchangesthetensionofthestring,sothat
adifferentnoteiscreated.
Therearemanywaystoplayastringinstrument.Suchasbowed,plucked,and
struck.Whenbowingastringinstrumentyoucangetmuchlongerandmoresustained
notes.Whereasstrikingandpluckingwillgiveyouamuchshorterandstaccatonotes.
Forourstringinstrumentwedidabass.Wemadethebassbytakinga5gallon
waterjugandcuttingaholeinthetopandsidesofit.Thewaterbottleiscutto
reverberateandamplifythesoundtowardstheaudience.Thenweputalargepieceof
woodinthehole.Nextweattachedthreebassstringstothepieceofwood.Eachofthe
stringswhereputonwithdifferenttensionandeachstringhasadifferentthickness.Our
loweststringisourthickeststringandourthinneststringisourhighest.Inshortastring
instrumentworksbyvibratingthestringbackandforthsothatsoundismade.

Note

Lengthofstring

Multiplelongeststring
by

F3

91cm

1.000

G3

88cm

0.967

A3

78.41cm

0.8616

B3

69.855cm

0.767

C4

65.935cm

0.7245

D4

58.74cm

0.6454

E4

52.33cm

0.575

Percussion:
Percussioncomesinmanyforms.Ourformofitisadrummadeoutofa5gallonwater
jug.Thedrumworksbyhittingitindifferentplacestomakedifferentsounds.Itmakes
differentsoundsbecausethevibrationstravelfromdifferentpartsofourdrum.The
drumalsohasmanydifferentsurfaceswhicheachhavetheirnaturalfrequency.Finding
allthenoteswasguessandcheck.Whilehittingitthesoundisamplifiedbecauseit
bouncesaroundthe5gallonwaterjug.Hittingthedrumwithdifferentmaterialsalso
createsdifferentsounds.Evenhittingthebottlewithyourpalmratherthanyour
knucklescreatesdifferentnoises.Thisisbecausetheknucklesareahardersurface
makingthevibrationshorter.Therefore,makingthenotehigher

Chimes:
ThenoteonChimesiscreatedbyhittingthechimewithamallet(inourcaseweusea
pieceofmetal)whichcausesthechimetovibrate,creatingthesoundwave.Thepitch
thatthechimecreatesaredeterminedbyitsnaturalfrequencyandthelengthofthe
chime.Tofindthelengthofallthechimeswecutthepipetothesizefoundby
multiplyingtheLongestlengthchimetotheratioofthechimes.
EXformajorsecond:31cmX0.9428=29.2268CM

Note

lengthofchime

Multiply
Longest
ChimeLength
by

31cm

1.0000

29.2268cm

0.9428

27.7264cm

0.8944

26.846cm

0.8660

25.3115cm

0.8165

24.0126cm

0.7746

22.6393cm

0.7303