Cloud

Computing
Duong Nguyen
Moe Alasaad
Conrad Skidmore
Ryan Paranzino
Jhonas Locke
*

April 23, 2014

The Background and History of

Cloud Computing
* The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to the 1950s, when
large-scale mainframes computers became available in academics and
corporations.
* Cloud Storage is generally believed to have rst been developed by Joseph
Carl Robnett Licklider in the late 1960s.
* The idea of an Intergalactic computer network was introduced, with the
help of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) in 1969.
* Since the 60s, cloud computing has developed along a number of lines,
with Web 2.0 being the most recent evolution.
* However, since the internet only started to oer signicant bandwidth in
the 90s, cloud computing for the masses has been something of a late
project.

Background and History

* Throughout the 90s, the decreasing cost of hardware and
architecture began to make cloud storage more aordable, opening
it up to the public.
* One of the rst websites in cloud computing history was the arrival
of Salesforce.com in 1999, which initiated the concept of delievering
enterprise applications via a simple website.
* The services rm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream
software rms to deliver applications over the internet.
* Telecommunications companies, started to oer virtual private
network services with comparable quality of service, but at a lower
cost.

Background and History

* The next development was Amazon Web Services in 2002, which
provided a suite of cloud-base services including storage,
computation and even human intelligence.
* Amazon also launched its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2/S3), which
was the rst widely accessible cloud computing infrastructure
service in 2006.
* The same year EC2 was being introduced, Google Apps started
providing browser-based enterprise applications in the same
year.
* 3 years later the Google App Engine became another historic
milestone.

Brief Overview
* A cloud refers to a distinct IT (information technology)
environment that is designed for the purpose of remotely
providing measured IT resources.
* The term originated as a metaphor for the Internet
* The Internet is basically a network of networks that provide
remote access to a set of decentralized IT resources.
* Prior to cloud computing becoming its own IT industry segment,
the symbol of a cloud was commonly used to represent the
Internet in a variety of terms as well as mainstream
documentation of Web-based designs.

Brief Overview
* It is important to distinguish the term cloud and the
cloud symbol from the Internet.
* As a specic environment used to remotely provide IT
resources, a cloud has a limited boundary of access.
* There are, however, many individual clouds that are
accessible through the Internet.
* While the Internet provides open access to many Web-
based IT resources, a cloud is typically privately owned and
oers access to IT resources that are measured.

Brief Overview
* Much of the Internet is dedicated to the access of content-based
IT resources published through the World Wide Web (WWW).
* IT resources provided by cloud environments, on the other hand,
are dedicated to supplying back-end processing capabilities and
user-based access to these capabilities.
* A back-end application or program serves indirectly in support of
the front-end services, usually by being closer to the required
resource or having the capability to communicate with the
required resource.
* The front end is usually client based and the back is server based.

Brief Overview
* A key distinction is that it is not necessary for clouds to be
Web-based even if they are commonly based on Internet
protocols and technologies.
* Protocols refer to standards and methods that allow
computers to communicate with each other in a
predetermined and structured manner.
* A cloud can be based on the use of any protocols that
allow for the remote access to its IT resources.

Value for Businesses

* Low On-going Cost
*
*
*
*
*

Reduce your overall IT costs in multiple ways

Continually lower prices
Optimize costs for both variable and stable workloads
No upfront investment
Example: AWS cloud service

Value for Businesses

* Flexible Capacity
* Eliminate guessing on your infrastructure capacity needs
* No experience with excess or limited capacity
* Sales inventory

Value for Businesses

* Speed & Agility
*
*
*
*
*

Develop and deploy applications faster

Traditional infrastructure v. cloud
Secured, quick, & ecient
Easy to deploy apps
Examples: Ubisoft

Value for Businesses

* Shifting Focus
* Ability to concentrate on projects that dierentiate business,
not the infrastructure
* Shift human resources to other sectors
* Focus more on innovation & eciency
* Global Reach: Become more competitive
* Market expansion, more customer experience at lower cost

Movers and Shakers

* Verizon-

* Acquired a cloud start-up, Terremark, in 2013 with a $1.8 billion deal.

* Now Verizon is the largest cloud computing company in
telecommunications.

* VMware-

* Does not oer cloud services itself, but it makes vCloud, which is
software used to build clouds.
* Verizon actually used this software to build their cloud.

* Linode-

* Users pay a xed rate (VPS or Virtual Private Software) and an

alternative to AWS (Amazon Web Services).

Movers and Shakers

* Salesforce.com-

* Global cloud computing company headquartered in San Francisco.

* Best known for its customer relationship management (CRM) product.
* Bought Heroku in 2010 for 212 million.

* Citrix Systems-

* Software called CloudStack- Competes with VMware, but is free (helps

Citrix to sell other software).

* RedHat-

* Owns Openshift which uses Amazons AWS and gives it away free, to
nd projects to buy out or partner with.

Movers and Shakers

* Google-

* Google app Engine, competes with microsoft oce, alternative to Amazon S3

(enterprise system)
* Google Drive competes with dropbox, and many other projects.

* Microsoft-

* Azure is a cheaper alternative to Amazon, Skydrive, and Oce 365 cloud apps.

* Rackspace-

* Rackspace Hosting and NASA built OpenStack, which is a free software.

* OpenStack is so good that more than 200 companies have joined the project.

* Amazon-

* One of the largest and most innovative company

* Many companies use Amazon servers and enterprise systems to run their business.

The Benets of Cloud Computing

* Accessibility from anywhere
* Streamlined processes
* Worldwide
* Less = more

* Reduced costs
* Spending on technology infrastructure
* Hardware, software, licensing fees
* Training employees

Costs and Risks

* Security Vulnerability
* Privacy
* Overlapping of trust boundaries
* Companies with dierent security requirements

* Limited Portability between clouds

* Legal issues
* UK Personal Data Law vs. US Patriot Act

Bibliography
"What Is Cloud Computing?" WhatIsCloud.com. Arcitura
Education Inc., 2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2014
Rouse, Margaret, and Dan Oliver. "What Is Back-end?
Denition from WhatIs.com." SearchDataCenter.
TechTarget, Sept. 2005. Web. 18 Apr. 2014.
Bort, Julie. "The 10 Most Important Companies In Cloud
Computing." Business Insider. Business Insider,
Inc., 20 Apr. 2013. Web. 18 Apr. 2014.