Ceballos Cant Jos Pablo

Coquet Dvila Manuel

Mrquez Ramrez Sofa
Silva Saldivar Omar
Noviembre 12, 2014

3er Parcial Ingeniera de Reactores II: Diseo de un reactor de lecho fijo

Datos naftaleno -> anhidrido ftlico
a=naftaleno
b=nitrgeno
c=oxgeno
d=anhdrido
e=CO2
f=agua

= (*/*)
=
=
=
=
=
= (**)
= (**)
= - (*/ *)
= - (*/ *)
= (*/ *)
=
= (**)
= (* - - -*)
= * - (* - -*)
= (*/ *)
= (*/*)
= (*/*)
= (*/*)
= (**)
= (*/*)
= (*/*)
= (*/*)
= (*/*)
= (**)
= (**)
= (**)
-
=

= (*/*)
=
= * (**)
= * (**)
= * * ( / ) (**)

- /

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

[_] = *

[_] = *
[_] = * ( / ) / ( * )

Anlisis para determinar si se puede despreciar la segunda reaccin

aproximadamente = 0, porque esta muy diluido el naftaleno

= -

= -

= -
=
=

- - -
-

=
= [ { - }] (* *)
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }] (* *)
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
[_ _] = [] * -[]*
[_ _] = [] * [] *

-[]* - -[]*
[] - []

[_ _] = [] - [ ] - [ ]

=
=
[ = < + ++
=
[[]] =
[[]] = [[[]] ]
[[]] = [[[]] ]
[[]] = [[[]] ]
[[]] = [[[]] ]
[[]] = [[[]] ]
[[]] = [[[]] ]
]

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [ ->
{ } { () (/)}]
= [ -> { }
{ () (/)} ]
= [ -> { }
{ () (/)} ]
[ =]
= [ ->
{ } { () (/)}]
= [ -> { }
{ () (/)} ]
= [ -> { }
{ () (/)} ]
[ =]
T=630K
0.00025

Ci (mol/L)

0.00020

0.00015

0.00010

0.00005

0.00000
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.6

0.8

1.0

Tiempo (s)

T=673K

Ci (mol/L)

0.00020

0.00015

0.00010

0.00005

0.00000
0.0

0.2

0.4
Tiempo (s)

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

dCAn
=
dCn

Selectividad Puntual =

s=
dXN
dz

CAn
k1
=
CN0 k1+k2

k1 CN0 At
FN0

k2 CAn
k1 CN

k2

(1 - XN) k1 - (1 - XN)

-k1 CN0 At
FN0

XN = 1-

-1 +

(1 - XN)
z

Cuando el tiempo tiende a infinito

=
= [ { - }] (* *)
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
-[]*[]*

*
[_ _] = -
[]
[]
[_ _] =
( - [ ]) [] - ( - [ ])
[] + []

=
=
[ = < + ++
=
[[]] =
[[]] = [ [[]]]
[[]] = [ [[]]]
[[]] = [ [[]]]
[[]] = [ [[]]]
]

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= -> { }
() (

) {= =}

= -> { }
() (

{= =}
[ ]
Selectividad
1.0

0.8

0.6
CAn

T=630K

CN0

s(

0.4

T=673K

0.2

0.0
0

50

100

150

Longitud (cm)

Vemos que la segunda reaccin es muy lenta y que no nos va a afectar la conversin de anhdro a
estas temperaturas por lo que la podemos despreciar en nuestro diseo preeliminar. (Apenas a nuestra
temperatura lmite al final del reactor reacciona menos del 8% de anhidro)

a) Reactor Isotrmico de Lecho Fijo s/TM

-ra = k1Ca = k1

=-

= -

P Ca0(1 - xa)
P0 (1 + xa)

( - )

( + )

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

[_ _ _ _] = -
[] *
[_ _ _ _] =
*

[] ( - )

(**)
=
= (* *)
= [ { - }] (* *)
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[ = < ++
= [[[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]

= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
(* *)
[[ + ]] = [[]] +
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
]

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

=
=
=
=

[{[[]]
[{[[]]
[{[[]]
[{[[]]

[[]]}
[[]]}
[[]]}
[[]]}

{
{
{
{

}]
}]
}]
}]

=
=
=
=

[{[[]]
[{[[]]
[{[[]]
[{[[]]

[[]]}
[[]]}
[[]]}
[[]]}

{
{
{
{

}]
}]
}]
}]

= [ -> { }
{ () ()}
{= = = =}]
= [ -> { }
{ () ()}
{= = = =}]
= [ -> { }
{ () ()}
{= = = =}]
= [ -> { }
{ () ()}
{= = = =}]
[ ]
= [ ->
{ } { () }
{= = = =}]
= [ ->
{ } { () }
{= = = =}]
= [ ->
{ } { () }
{= = = =}]
= [ ->
{ } { () }
{= = = =}]
[ ]

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

Presin
25

20

T=630K
15

T=640K

P(psia)

10

T=650K

T=660K

50

100

150

z (cm)

Conversin
1.0

0.8

T=630K
0.6

T=640K

0.4

T=650K

0.2

T=660K

0.0

50

100

150

z (cm)

Resultados :
No es posible alcanzar una x=0.99 por la cada de presin para T=630K y T=640K
T = 630 K
Xmax = 0.9394
z = 188 cm
T = 640 K
Xmax = 0.9887
z = 188 cm
T = 650 K
X = 0.99
z = 78.21 cm
P = 14.61 psi
T = 660 K
X = 0.99
z = 45.87 cm
P = 18.91 psi
b) Reactor Adiabtico de Lecho Fijo s/TM
T (x) = T0 + (xf - x0)
=

-
()

= (( * ) / ) * ( / ) * *

- *
*

(*/*)

10

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

=-

( - )

( + )

= -

[_ _ _ _ _] = -
[] *

[] ( - )
[_ _ _ _ _] =
*

+
[_ _ _ _ _] = * [ ]

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

(**)
=
= (* *)
= [ { - }] (* *)
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
=
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[ = < ++
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
(* *)
[[ + ]] = [[]] +
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
]

11

12

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]

= [ ->
{ } { () }
{=} ]
= [ -> { }
{ () ()}
{=} ]
Conversin
1.0

0.8

0.6

T=630K
0.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

z (cm)

Temperatura
1000
950

Temperatura (K)

900
850

T=630K

800
750
700
650
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

z (cm)

Vemos que un reactor adiabtico sin enfriamiento no nos sirve ya que se descontrola por que la temperatura crece exponencialmente y explota. De hecho nos sale una longitud de solamente 2.1 cm antes de
descontrolarse y esto se debe a que la reaccin es altamente exotrmica.
c) Transferencia de Calor con Medio de Enfriamiento

=-

( - )

( + )

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

= -

([ ] - )

[_ _ _ _ _] = -
[] *
[_ _ _ _ _] =
*

[] ( - )

+
* * * * ( - )

[_ _ _ _ _] = [ ] * -

13

14

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

(**)
=
= (* *)
= [ { - }] (* *)
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
=
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[ = < ++
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
(* *)
[[ + ]] = [[]] +
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
]

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

(**)
=
= (* *)
= [ { - }] (* *)
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
=
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[ = < ++
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
(* *)
[[ + ]] = [[]] +
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
]

15

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3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

(**)
=
= (* *)
= [ { - }] (* *)
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
=
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[ = < ++
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
(* *)
[[ + ]] = [[]] +
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
]

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]

= [ ->
{ } { () }
{= = =} ]
= [ -> { }
{ () }
{= = =} ]
= [ -> { }
{ () }
{= = =} ]
[ ]
= [ -> { }
{ () ()}
{= = =} ]
= [ -> { }
{ () ()}
{= = =} ]
= [ -> { }
{ () ()}
{= = =} ]
[ ]
Conversin
1.0

0.8

T=630K

0.6

T=640K
0.4

T=650K
0.2

0.0

50

100
z (cm)

150

17

18

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

Temperatura
680

Temperatura (K)

670

T=630K
660

T=640K
650

T=650K

640

630

50

100

150

z (cm)

Al agregar el enfriamiento podemos ver este comportamiento, donde la temperatura aumenta pero la
sal de enfriamiento la controla (arriba de 650C se descontrola ya que el calentamiento es mayor a lo
que se enfria el reactor por las paredes ). Considerando nuestra Tmax = 673 K, el caso ideal sera
tener las sales a una temperatura de T=648 K.
Tambin vemos que a la temperatura de 630 K alcanzamos una conversin mxima de 0.951 ya que
nuestra cada de presin no permite una conversin mayor.
Resultados :
T = 630 K
T = 640 K
T = 648 K
T = 650 K

Xmax = 0.951
X = 0.99
X = 0.99
X = 0.99

z = 188 cm
z = 141.53 cm
z = 71.63 cm
z = 61.21 cm

d) Adiabtico con Transferencia de Masa

Calculo externo
Calculo de la difusividad combinada
3

Daire-naftaleno = 0.0018583

T 2

1
Maire

1
Mnaftaleno
2

Ptotal ab ab

aire = 3.617
Vb naftalento = 10C + 8H - 30 (correccin)
Vb naftalento = 10(14.8) + 8(3.7) - 30 =147.6
1

naftalento = 1.18 Vb 3 =6.236

ab =

kb

a + b
=4.9265
2

aire = 97K

P = 0 psi
P = 6.20 psi
P = 15.48 psi
P = 18.87 psi

Tmax = 636.321
Tmax = 651.799
Tmax = 671.676
Tmax = 681.535

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

Tc = 748.4 K
kb T

=1.3

ab
=
kb

Tc
kb

naftaleno = 575.69K

(575.69) (97) = 236.31 K

De ahi sacamos

kb T
ab

=2.67ab=0.9876

=
=

* / *
[_] =

( / ) * *

[_] =

* ( / )

(*/*)

* *

* ( - ) *

[_] =

[_] =

*
*

[]-

Suponiendo am/at = 1

[_] =

[_] =

[_] =

[] []
[]
[]/

[]

[]

[]

[_] =

[] * * *

[]

[_] =

+ []

19

20

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

[_] =

- * []
[]

Gradiente de temperaturas causado por la transferencia de masa externa

[_] = [] * [] * []

[]

[]

[]

Vemos que la temperatura no cambia mucho por razones de transferencia de masa externa (0.66C)
por lo que decidimos despreciarlo
Calculo interno

*
*

(**)

Difusividad

[_] = * * * ( / )

Calculamos la difusividad combinada despreciando alfa ya que la fraccin de a es mnima

[_] =

[_] =

[]

[]

[] *

[_] =

[] *

[]

[]

[ []]

[_] =

[]

[]

[_] = -

* []
*

[]
+ []

[]

Vemos que la temperatura cambia a lo mucho 0.005C por razones de transferencia de masa interna

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

por lo que decidimos despreciarlo

Diseo del Reactor

=-

( - )

( + )

= -

([ ] - )

[_ _ _ _ _] = -
[] * [] * [] *
[_ _ _ _ _] =
*

[] ( - )

* * * * ( - )
[_ _ _ _ _] = [ ] * -

21

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3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

(**)
=
= (* *)
= [ { - }] (* *)
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
=
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[ = < ++
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
(* *)
[[ + ]] = [[]] +
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
]

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

(**)
=
= (* *)
= [ { - }] (* *)
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
= [ { - }]
=
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[[]] =
[ = < ++
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]]
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * *
[[]] + * * [[]] + * * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
= [[[]] + [[]] [[]] + * [[]] + * [[]] + * ]
(* *)
[[ + ]] = [[]] +
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
[[ + ]] = [[]] + ( + + + ) * /
]

23

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3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]
= [{[[]] [[]]} { }]

= [ ->
{ } { () }
{= = =} ]
= [ -> { }
{ () }
{= = =} ]
[ ]
= [ -> { }
{ () ()}
{= = =} ]
= [ -> { }
{ () ()}
{= = =} ]

Conversin
0.020

0.015

T=630K

0.010

T=650K
0.005

0.000

50

100
z (cm)

150

3er Examen Parcial Cuevas prueba.nb

25

Temperatura
630.040
630.035

Temperatura (K)

630.030
630.025
630.020

T=630K

630.015
630.010
630.005
630.000

50

100

150

z (cm)

Temperatura
650.040
650.035

Temperatura (K)

650.030
650.025
650.020

T=650K

650.015
650.010
650.005
650.000

50

100

150

z (cm)

Vemos que al incluir los problemas de transferencia de masa externa e interna, nuestro diseo de
reactor ya no funciona ya que no podemos pasar a una conversin mayor a 0.02. De hecho vemos que
al aumentar la temperatura se perjudica la conversin por lo que tenemos que usar otros mtodos para
abatir los problemas de transferencia de masa.
Para la externa podemos aumentar el dimetro del pellet para incrementar la am (esto puede afectar la
transferencia de masa interna) disminuir el flujo.
Para la interna podemos disminuir el dimetro de particula.
Para ambas podemos cambiar la geometra del pellet cuidando la resistencia mecnica, disminuir la
temperatura de operacin y aumentar la presin.
Ejemplo:
A 650K alcanzamos una conversin del 0.0126
A 630K alcanzamos una conversin del 0.0183
A 610K alcanzamos una conversin del 0.0256