A Beginner's Guide to the Steel Construction Manual, 13th ed.

(old)

Chapter 5 - Welded Connections

2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 T. Bartlett Quimby

Introduction to
Welding

Section 5.7

Finding Forces
in Welded
Connections
Effective Areas
and Size
Limitations of
Welds

Weld Summary
Last Revised: 11/04/2014

Strength Limit States:

All strength limit states take the form:

Effective Areas
of Base Metal
Strength Limit
State
Designing Welds
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LRFD

ASD

Ru < ftRn

Ra < Rn/Wt

Req'd Rn = Ru/ft < Rn

Req'd Rn = Ra Wt < Rn

Ru / (ftRn) < 1.00

Ra / (Rn/Wt) < 1.00

Which is: FORCE on a weld < STRENGTH of a weld

The STRENGTH of a weld is computed by:
The nominal capacity of the weld, Rn = minimum[Strength of Weld, Strength of Base Metal]
Limit State Specification
Weld Tensile
Rupture,
Shear
Rupture, and
Yielding

Nominal Capacity, R n
FwA w

J2.4
Fw from SCM Table J2.5

Typical Design
Variables
te, Lw, Electrode, Weld
Layout

FBMA BM
Base Metal

J2.4 or J4

FBM from SCM Table J2.5 or

SCM Section J4

Lw, Weld Layout

SCM SCM
Table Table
J2.5 J2.5
SCM
Table
J2.5 or
SCM
J4

SCM
Table
J2.5 or
SCM
J4

The FORCE on a weld is computed by:

Make Donation

Forces Concentric with the Bolt Group at the Faying Surface:

All welds are assumed to be equally stressed. The force per unit length equals the stress times a unit length.

Eccentricity in the Plane of the Faying Surface:

Elastic Vector Method: See SCM pg 8-12. Computes shear in the weld. Direct method that is conservative
and has an inconsistent factor of safety.
Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method: See SCM pg 8-10. Computes the relationship between the applied
load and the shear load in the worst case weld segment. Iterative method that is more consistent with test
results and not as conservative as the Elastic Method.
Eccentricity out of the Plane of the Faying Surface:
See SCM pg 8-14. Basic mechanics (Mc/I) using the compression contact area to find the tension in the worst
case weld segment. If the shear is concentric with the bolt group it causes equal stress in plane in all the
welds otherwise use either the elastic vector or IC method to find the distribution of in-plane stress.
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