Design of

Helical spring

29 AUG 08

1 (12)

What is helical spring

Helical spring is a spiral wound wire with
a constant coil diameter and uniform pitch.

Function of Helical spring

Used to store energy and subsequently release it
To absorb shock
To maintain a force between contacting surfaces

29 AUG 08

2 (12)

Design consideration of helical spring

29 AUG 08

3 (12)

Nomenclature of Helical spring

C = Spring Index D/d
d = wire diameter (m)
D = Spring diameter (m)
Di = Spring inside diameter (m)
Dil = Spring inside diameter (loaded ) (m)
E = Young's Modulus (N/m2)
F = Axial Force (N)
G = Modulus of Rigidity (N/m2)
K W = Wahl Factor = [(4C-1)/(4C+5)}]+ (0,615/C)
L 0 = Free Length (m)
L s = Solid Length (m)
n t = Total number of coils
n = Number of active coils
p = pitch (m)
y = distance from neutral axis to outer fibre of wire (m)
= shear stress (N/m2)
max = Max shear stress (N/m2)
= Deflection (radians)

29 AUG 08

4 (12)

Spring material
1. High carbon steel

Music Wire (ASTM A228)

Hard Drawn (ASTM A227)
High Tensile Hard Drawn (ASTM A679)
Oil Tempered (ASTM A229)
Carbon Valve (ASTM A230)

2. Alloy spring steel

Chrome Vanadium (ASTM A231)

Chrome Silicon (ASTM A401)

3. Stainless steel

29 AUG 08

AISI 302/304 - ASTM A313

AISI 316 - ASTM A313
17-7 PH - ASTM A313(631)

4. Copper based alloy

Phosphor Bronze (Grade A) - ASTM
B159
Beryllium Copper - ASTM B197
Monel 400 (AMS 7233)
Monel K500 (QQ-N-286

5. Nickel based alloy

A286 Alloy
Inconel 600 (QQ-W-390)
Inconel 718
Inconel X-750 (AMS 5698, 5699)

5 (12)

Effect of End treatment.

29 AUG 08

6 (12)

The module calculates the following design parameters:

1. Outer Diameter (Do)

2. Spring Index (C)

5. Maximum load

6. Corrected maximum stress

index range is 4 to 12
3. Slenderness ratio

7. Uncorrect maximum stress

4. Spring rate (k)

8. Wahl correction factor

29 AUG 08

7 (12)

9. Maximum deflection

10. Spring mass

11. Wire length

29 AUG 08

12. Shear stress

13. uncorrected Shear stress

14. Natural frequency

8 (12)

CHECKING
1. Stability of spring (buckling)

2. Fatigue loading

29 AUG 08

9 (12)

Spring testing machine

29 AUG 08

10 (12)

29 AUG 08

11 (12)