TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM

KHOA DU KH

BO CO THC TP HA PHN TCH

Sinh vin : Trn Th Xun Hng

Nguyn Tin Dng
Lp: Thc hnh 1
T: 04

B Ra Vng Tu, 2014

BI 1: XC NH NNG NaOH BNG HCl

(Phng php phn tch th tch)
1. Nguyn tc ca phng php
1.1 Nguyn tc ca phng php chun ha nng HCl bng borac
Khi ha tan vo nc Na2B4O7 b thy phn, cho mi trng kim mnh ca
NaOH theo phn ng sau:
Na2B4O7 + 7H2O 2NaOH + 4H3BO3
V vy c th nh lng bng borac bng cch chun lng NaOH theo
phn ng chun :
2NaOH + 2HCl 2NaCl + 2H2O
Phng trnh tng ca hai qu trnh trn nh sau:
Na2B4O7 + 2HCl + 5H2O 2NaCl + 4H3BO3
Ti im tng ng tc l dung dch gm NaCl v H3BO3 c pH 5, do
acid phn ly:
H3BO3 H+ + H2BO3Xc nh im tng ng bng cht ch th metyl (pT = 5.5)
1.2 Nguyn tc phng php xc nh nng NaOH bng HCl
Dng dung dch HCl bit nng chnh xc lm dung dch chun xc
nh nng dung dch NaOH theo phn ng:
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
Ti im tng ng, dung dch mui NaCl l mui trung tnh pH = 7, hn
na ng cong chun c bc nhy ln (4 10). Cht ch th dng trong
chun l metyl da cam (pT = 4) v phenolphtalein (pT 9)

2. Thc hnh
2.1 Pha ch dung dch Na2B4O7 0.1N
Phng th nghim c sn dung dch Na2B4O7 v vy ly 10.00 ml dung dch
borac bng pipet 10mL vo bnh tam gic sch (ch trng duy nht bng
nc ct). Kim tra pipet trong trng hp ny cn phi sch v kh, nu
pipet khng t yu cu trng bng nc ct 02 ln sau trng bng dung
dch borac cn ly 01 ln
2.2 Pha ch dung dch HCl 0.1N
Mun c 100.00 ml dung dch HCl 0.1N ta tnh ton.
Trong phn ng chun , HCl gii phng 1 ion H+ nn nng ng
lng tng ng nng mol/L (0.1M).
n=C M . V =0.1 0.1=0.01 ( mol )
m dd =0.365 38 =0.960 ( g )

m=0.01 36.5=0.365 ( g )

V dd=

mdd 0.960
=
=0.80(mL)
d
1.19

Cho vo bnh nh mc 100mL khong 40.00 ml nc ct

Dng pipet 5mL trng ly 0.80 ml dung dch HCl c 38% (d = 1.19
g/ml) cho vo bnh nh mc trn lc u.
Thm nc ct n vch nh mc 100.00 ml
2.3 Chun b buret
Dng nc ct dy buret trng buret 2 ln, sau trng tip 2 ln bng
dung dch HCl vi th tch khong 4 8 mL bng cch axit sao cho axit
chy xung quanh thnh trong ng buret, x b lng axit trng.
Cho vo buret lng dung dch HCl (qua vch 0.00mL) x mnh loi b bt
kh,sau chnh buret v vch 0.00mL
2.4 Chun dung dch HCl bng borac
Cho vo bnh tam gic ng borac chun b trn 1 2 git metyl ,
dung dch c mu vng trong mi trng kim (NaOH). Tay tri gi kha
buret, tay phi lc u bnh tam gic,iu chnh kha buret nh t t dung
dch HCl xung bnh tam gic ng dung dch borac, mt quan st bnh tam

gic khi no dung dch i mu t vng sang hng th kt thc chun .

c v ghi th tch HCl dng. Sau iu chnh vch buret v v tr thch
hp cho ln chun tip theo. Lp li php chun 2 ln.
2.5 Chun dung dch NaOH bng dung dch HCl
Dng pipet ly chnh xc 10.00 mL dung dch NaOH cho vo bnh tam gic
sch 250mL, thm vo 2-3 git metyl da cam dung dch c mu vng.
Ghi ch vch buret hin ti, tay tri gi kha buret, tay phi lc u bnh tam
gic nh t t dung dch HCl xung, mt quan st bnh tam gic khi no mu dung
dch chuyn t vng sang hng (ging mu chun) ngng chun nghi li kt qu
Lp li chun thay cht ch th bng phenolphtalein, im tng ng
dung dch chuyn t mu hng sang khng mu
3. Kt qu
3.1 Kt qu chun ha dung dch HCl bng dung dch borac
Th tch HCl (mL)
Th tch borac (mL)

Ln 1
11.75
10.00

Ln 2
11.90
10.00

Trung bnh
11.83
10.00

3.2 Kt qu chun dung dch NaOH bng HCl

Th tch HCl (mL)
Th tch NaOH (mL)

Ln 1
8.30
(17.30 9.00)

Ln 2
8.00
(26.00 18.00)

Ch th: Metyl da cam

Ch th: Phenolphtalein

10.00

10.00

Trung bnh

4 Tnh ton
4.1 Nng ng lng HCl
nh lut ng lng ta c
V HCl . N HCl=V borac . N borac

N HCl =

V borac . N borac 10.00 0.1

=
=0.085 N
V HCl
11.83

Nng HCl gim so vi tnh ton l thuyt 0.1N l do trong qu trnh pha
ch HCl c bay hi dn ti lng HCl thc t gim
4.2 Nng NaOH
nh lut ng lng ta c
V HCl . N HCl=V NaOH . N NaOH

N NaOH =

V HCl . N HCl
V NaOH

4.2.1 Cht ch th metyl da cam

N NaOH =

V HCl . N HCl 8.30 0.085

=
=0.071 N
V NaOH
10.00

4.2.2 Cht ch th phenolphtalein

N NaOH =

V HCl . N HCl 8.00 0.085

=
=0.068 N
V NaOH
10.00

Kt qu chun dng hai cht ch th c kt qu lch nhau l do im

tng ng ca cc cht ch th khc nhau dn n sai s chun . Cht
ch th metyl da cam pT = 4 c ngha l cn 1 lng axit d no dung
dch i mu, cn cht ch th phenolphtalein pT 9 c ngha l c mt
lng NaOH d no vn cha c chun khi dung dch mt mu
hng