Professional Documents
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Population
Age distribution: the number of persons in a country or region organized by
age. (Shown in population pyramids)
Age Structure: distribution of ages of individuals of a population.
Population Composition: refers to the demographic makeup of persons
within a geographic area. (used in projecting the incidence of disease and
death)
Carrying capacity: the largest number of people that the environment of a
particular area can support. (the carrying capacity of cities such as NYC)
Challenges of highly-concentrated populations in certain areas of the
world:
Poverty
Sustainability
Unemployment
Space availability
Child Mortality Rate: under 5 mortality rate; probability of a child born in a
specific year dying before reaching the age of five. (countries are working
towards decreasing the child mortality rates with the help of advancements in
technology and development)
Cohort: a population group thats distinguished by a certain characteristic.
Crude Birth Rate: number of live births occurring among the population of a
given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total
population of the given geographical area during the same year.
Crude Death Rate: number of deaths occurring among the population of a
given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year population of a
given geographical area during the same year.
Demographic equation: a mathematical determination for changes in the
population. (Use for recording deaths, births, immigration, emigration)
Demographic momentum: the tendency for growing population to continue
growing after a fertility decline because one this happens a country moves to a
different stage in the demographic transition model. (European countries)
Demographic Transition model: model that shows the transition to high birth
and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a preindustrial to an industrialized economic system.
Stage I: high fluctuation, high birth rates and death rates, low population
growth.
Stage II: high birth rate but falling death rate. The total population begins to
expand rapidly.
Stage III: falling birth rate, continuing falling death rate. The population growth
slows down.
Stage IV: low fluctuating, low birth rate and death rate. The population growth is
small, and fertility continues to fall. There are changes in personal lifestyles, and
more women are in the work force, therefore less couples having kids.
Stage V: death rate slightly exceeds the birth rate, this causes the population to
decline.
Dependency ratio: measure showing the number of dependents to the total
population.