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Epistemology

FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Epistemology( i /pstmldi/fromGreek,epistm,meaning"knowledge,understanding",and,logos,meaning"studyof")isthe
branchofphilosophyconcernedwiththenatureandscopeofknowledge[1][2]andisalsoreferredtoas"theoryofknowledge".Putconcisely,itisthe
studyofknowledgeandjustifiedbelief.Itquestionswhatknowledgeisandhowitcanbeacquired,andtheextenttowhichknowledgepertinenttoany
givensubjectorentitycanbeacquired.Muchofthedebateinthisfieldhasfocusedonthephilosophicalanalysisofthenatureofknowledgeandhowit
relatestoconnectednotionssuchastruth,belief,andjustification.Theterm"epistemology"wasprobablyfirstintroducedbytheScottishphilosopher
JamesFrederickFerrierinhisInstitutesofMetaphysic:TheTheoryofKnowingandBeing(1854),p.46.[3]

Contents
1Backgroundandmeaning
2Knowledge
2.1Knowledgethat,knowledgehow,andknowledgebyacquaintance
2.2Belief
2.3Truth
2.4Justification
2.5TheGettierproblem
2.5.1ResponsestoGettier
2.5.1.1Infallibilism,indefeasibility
2.5.1.2Reliabilism
2.5.1.3Otherresponses
2.6Externalismandinternalism
2.7TheValueproblem
3Acquiringknowledge
3.1Aprioriandaposterioriknowledge

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