StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Whydoyouneedastarterforamotor?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

ToStarttheMotor?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

What do you mean by

starting the motor?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Startingisaprocessinwhicha
motorsrotorisbroughtfromzero
speedtoratedspeed.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Whatisthespeed
equationofan
InductionMotor?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

120f/P?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Whereisvoltageinthisequation?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Thenwhyshouldoneapplyvoltagetothe
motorforthemotortostartandrun?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

Whereisthemistake?

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
120f/Pistheequationforthesynchronousspeed
ofthemotor(i.e.)thespeedoftherotating
magneticfield,whichisimaginary.
But,forrotatingtherotorwhichisabodywitha
mass,oneneedstoapplyaforce.Remember
NewtonsLawsofInertia?
Abodyatrestwillnotchangeitsposition
unlessanexternalforceactsuponit.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
A rotor is a body with a mass. So, to lift that
mass against gravity and to keep it in
motion, one needs to apply a force. If it is
linear movement, it is called force and in the
case of angular movement, as in the case of
a motor, it is called Torque.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
As the starting torque is proportional to the square
of the applied voltage, the more voltage that is
applied to the motor, the better will be the starting
torque. It is for this reason that rated voltage is
applied to the motor.
Now, we know that for a motor to start, a certain
voltage and a certain frequency have to be applied
to the motor.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
Apply full rated voltage at rated frequency, at the
time of starting itself. Isnt it?
This method is called Full Voltage Starting or
Across the Line Starting or DirectonLine or
D.O.L. Starting.
We will see the schematics of this starter now.

SDF Unit

Direct-On-Line
Starter Power
Schematic Diagram

Contactor

Overload Relay

MOTOR

Direct-On-Line
Starter Control
Schematic Diagram
MCB
Overload Relay

Phase

95

STOP Push Button

Control Supply

96
53

START Push Button

K
54
94
a1
K

Contactor Coil (240V AC)

a2

Neutral

DirectOnLineStarter
Now,whataretheadvantagesand
disadvantagesofthisstarter?
Advantages:
MostEconomicalStarter
Simpletoestablish,operateandmaintain
SimpleControlCircuitry
Easytounderstandandtroubleshoot

DirectOnLineStarter
Disadvantages:
VeryHighStartingCurrent(Typically6to8timesthefull
loadcurrentofthemotor).Why?
ThermalStressonthemotor,therebyreducingitslife.
Voltagedropinthesystem,affectingothercustomers
connectedtothesamelines.
Unnecessaryhighstartingtorque,evenwhennot
requiredbytheload,therebyincreasedmechanical
stressonthemechanicalsystemssuchasrotorshaft,
bearings,gearbox,coupling,chaindrive,connected
equipments,etc.leadingtoprematurefailureandplant
downtimes.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
So, some method of starting current reduction has
to be adopted. We know that the current is high
either as the voltage is high or as the resistance is
low (I = V/R). So, to reduce starting current, one
either has to reduce the voltage applied to the
motor or to increase the resistance of the motor.
The first method is adopted for squirrel cage
induction motors and the second method for slip
ring induction motors.

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors

ReducedVoltageStartersforSquirrelCage
InductionMotors:
StatorResistanceStarter
AutoTransformerStarter
StarDeltaStarter
ManualStarDeltaStarter
SemiautomaticStarDeltaStarter
FullyautomaticStarDeltaStarter
ClosedTransition
UsingPneumaticTimer
UsingThermalTimer
UsingElectronicOndelaytimer

OpenTransition
Usingaspecialelectronicstardeltatimer

StartersforThreePhaseInductionMotors
A2

SDF
K1
R

OLR

MOTOR
B2
A1

C2

B1
C1

B
K3

K2

POWER SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF STAR-DELTA STARTER