GİRİ

İngilizceden yapılan sınavlar ile ilgili şu ana kadar yayımlanan kitapları

incelediğimde şu kanıya vardım: Kitaplar genelde ya gramer anlatımı ya
soru bankası ya da kelime çalışmalarına yönelik olmuştur. Hâlbuki sınava
hazırlanan insanların her şeyden önce İngilizce alanında yeteri sayıda ve
farklı konulardan oluşan makaleleri ve paragrafları okuyabilme becerisine
sahip olması gerekmektedir.
Sınav hazırlığı yaparken karşılaştığım öğrencilerimden edindiğim
tecrübelere göre, İngilizce ile ilgili yaşadıkları problemlerin hiç birisine şu
anda yayımlanmış olan kitaplar hitap etmemektedir. Bu problemlerden
bazıları şunlardır: “Hocam çok iyi “tenses” çalıştım ancak yine de sorularda
hata yapmaktayım”. “Hocam paragraf çözerken hep iki seçenek arasında
kalıyorum ama hep yanlış seçeneği işaretliyorum”. “Hocam kelimelerin
anlamlarını biliyorum ama yine de kelime sorularında yanlış yapıyorum”.
“Hocam en çok zorlandığım bölüm cloze test soruları, bunun hakkında ne
yapacağımı bilmiyorum”. “Hocam sınavda başarılı olmam için ne kadar
kelime ezberlemem lazım?” ve buna benzer birçok problem…
İşte bu kitabı hazırlamaktaki amacım bir nebze de olsa bu sorunlara
bir ışık tutabilmektir. Bu kitapta gramer konu anlatımları belirli bir sıraya
göre değil parçalara dayalı bir sıra izlemektedir. Bu sistem sayesinde
öğrenciler okudukları parçalara başka bir gözle bakma şansını
yakalayacaklardır. Diğer önemli bir konuda kelime ezberlemenin yanlış bir
yöntem olduğunu öğrencilere sunmakta bu kitabın amaçlarındandır. Yani
öğrenciler kelime ezberi yapmaktansa bu kelimeleri paragraf özetlemesi
yaparak öğrenebilirler.
Son olarak şunu da belirtmek isterim. İngilizce bir ders değildir.
İngilizce diğer dillerde olduğu gibi bir bütündür. Yani İngilizceyi maddeler
altında anlatmak yanlış bir tutumdur. İngilizce çalışan bir öğrencinin konu
bütünlüğüne sahip olması gerekmektedir.
Sınav hazırlığı yapan bütün öğrencilere başarılar dilerim.
Okan EMANET
İngilizce Öğretmeni – Etymologist
loneliterature@hotmail.com
etymologist42@yahoo.com
okanemanet@kpds.org
Cep Telefonu: 0 536 3941878
 İÇİNDEKİLER

BÖLÜM I: PARAGRAFLARDA GRAMER ……………………………………….. 1

BÖLÜM II: SORU TÜRLERİ ……………………………………….. 21

A) BOLUK DOLDURMA BÖLÜMÜ ……………………………………….. 22

B) CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA BÖLÜMÜ ……………………………………….. 34

C) PARÇA İÇİ BOLUKLAR BÖLÜMÜ ……………………………………….. 41

D) EN İYİ CEVAP VE DİYALOG ……………………………………….. 57

TAMAMLAMA BÖLÜMLERİ

E) ÇEVİRİ BÖLÜMÜ ……………………………………….. 66

F) PARAGRAF SORULARI BÖLÜMÜ ……………………………………….. 74

G) DURUM SORULARI BÖLÜMÜ ……………………………………….. 89

H) UYMAYAN CÜMLE BÖLÜMÜ ……………………………………….. 96

I) PARAGRAF TAMAMLAMA BÖLÜMÜ ……………………………………….. 101

J) YAKIN ANLAMLI CÜMLE BÖLÜMÜ ……………………………………….. 109

BÖLÜM III: KELİME ÖĞRENMEK ……………………………………….. 114

BÖLÜM IV: İLGEÇLİ FİİLLER & DEYİMLER ……………………………………….. 118

BÖLÜM V: DEĞİİK SORU TÜRLERİ ……………………………………….. 123

BÖLÜM VI: CEVAP ANAHTARI ……………………………………….. 130

 BÖLÜM I: PARAGRAFLARDA GRAMER

Exercise 1: Aşağıdaki parçayı uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız.

The place where you grow up shapes your view of what the world is like. It is difficult to __(1)__
the advantages that are __(2)__ your own doorstep. If you are brought up in a small, provincial
town, you are likely to find the idea of living in a major city __(3)__. You think of all the amenities
that __(4)__ be around you, the leisure activities you could take part in and the opportunities you
would have. You __(5)__ to ignore the drawbacks of life in a city __(6)__ the frightening crime
rate, the need __(7)__ long distances __(8)__ one side of the city to the other, and the __(9)__
higher cost of living. If you live in a small village in the countryside, you are surrounded by
beautiful scenery but there is little for young people to do. There is a serious problem with
__(10)__ of transport, particularly in the evenings, __(11)__ makes it difficult to have a good
social life. In small communities, you know everyone and everyone knows you. People gossip
about everything you do.

1) A) render 7) A) travelling
B) appreciate B) travel
C) issue C) to travel
D) drain D) travelled
E) yield E) to be travelled
2) A) for
B) to
C) at
8) A) from
D) on
B) on
E) in
C) to
3) A) relentless D) into
B) repentant E) onto
C) disloyal
D) vivid
E) attractive 9) A) fairly
B) more
4) A) would C) quite
B) will D) pretty
C) may E) much
D) have to
E) must
5) A) would have chosen 10) A) abundance
B) might choose B) plenty
C) could have chosen C) lack
D) had better choose D) respect
E) will choose E) aspect

6) A) unlike 11) A) that

B) as B) which
C) such as / like C) when
D) even D) where
E) rather than E) who
⇒ Not (soru 9 – the much higher): Comparative yapılarda sıfatların önünde kullanılması
gereken yapılar:
far / a lot / much heavier -- far / a lot / much longer -- far / a lot / much more beautiful
“more”, “quite”, “fairly” “pretty” gibi ifadeler, bu comparative halindeki sıfatların önünde
kullanılmaz
Diğer kullanılabilen ifadeler: “rather”, “any”, “no”, “even”, “hardly”, “scarcely”, “almost”, “nearly”
If Martin feels any better, he will come to the meeting. (If Martin feels a bit/ a little better, ....)
Yesterday, maths lesson was rather drowsier and for that reason I couldn’t help sleeping.
The next 36 hours will be even colder with snow showers becoming rather more widespread.
Those trousers don't look any more different than the others. (Those trousers look no more
different than the others.)
Susan is hardly cleverer than any other students contrary to what everyone thinks.
Diğer sayılabilen ve sayılamayan isimlerle kullanılan comparative yapılar:
one more chance / four more days / a few more problems / a little more money
much more knowledge / many more people / a bit more cake

⇒ Not (soru 7 – need to travel): İngilizcede 3 şekilde isim tamlaması yapabiliriz.

1) x of y tarzı; the chair of the class, the book of the library…
Bu kalıbı kullanabileceğimiz yerler;
the effect of accidents on different people / the impact of earthquakes on the environment / the
visit of many tourists to Konya / the immigration of many people to South Carolina …etc.
2) “to” ifadesini kullanarak; gerund/infinitive gramer konusundaki belli başlı kelimelerle yapılan
tamlamalar: “the need to travel, the capacity to understand, the attempt to rediscover new ideas,
the desire to move to a city, the decision to raise petrol prices, the willingness to buy a new car
…etc.” Bunlardan sonra have V3 kullanamayız. “the attempt to have controlled”
3) “that” ya da “the fact that” ifadelerini cümle başına getirerek ya da isimden sonra (‘s)
getirerek.
“Road maintenance disturbed all the students in the exam.” Bu bir cümledir. Bunu cümle
formatından çıkarmak için fiiline müdahele etmemiz gerekir. “The fact that/that road maintenance
disturbed all the students in the exam.” eklinde yazdığımızda isim tamlaması olabilir. “yol
bakımının sınavdaki öğrencilerin hepsini rahatsız etmesi” olarak çevirebiliriz. “Road
maintenance’s disturbing all the students in the exam” şeklinde de bu cümleyi isim tamlaması
yapabiliriz.

Not (soru 6): “Such as” yapısı değişik kullanımlara sahiptir. Aşağıdaki örnekleri
inceleyiniz.
Cartoon characters such as/like Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are still popular.
Some passages are contradictory such as/like the two versions of the flood in Genesis.
The program does not teach computation, but it does cover such concepts as shape and size.
Johnson won a number of awards in Life, Time, and Newsweek. Later on, he specialized in war
photography for such magazines.
(Bu cümlelerde such as örneklendirme yapmaktadır. Paragraflarda bu şekilde kullanılmaktadır.)
I have never encountered such impressive sentences as the ones having been written by
James Joyce about his blind daughter Ulysses.
(Bu cümlede such as kıyaslama görevindedir. Such as ifadesinin arasına sıfat tamlaması
girdiğinde bu anlamı vermektedir.)
Exercise 2: Aşağıdaki parçayı uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız.

Getting a job is not an easy business. First there is the difficulty __(1)__ deciding what you want
to do and getting the right __(2)__ and training. Then you have to find out __(3)__ there is a
vacancy, and apply for a particular post. Some people look at advertisements in a newspaper
whereas __(4)__ use an employment agency. There is usually an application form __(5)__ with
all the details about your previous experience. The company selects the applicants it is
interested __(6)__ and invites them to attend an interview. This is often a stressful experience,
not least __(7)__ most people have to find something __(8)__ to wear, and then get very
anxious about what sort of questions they should ask and what kind of image they should
present. You are more likely to make a good impression __(9)__ the interview if you have found
out something about the organization you want to work __(10)__. Most applicants for jobs want
to know about the working conditions, the prospects of promotion and the salary. Unsuccessful
applicants are usually notified by post and then their search for a job starts all over again.

1) A) -- 6) A) at
B) for B) for
C) in C) in
D) at D) from
E) on E) upon

2) A) traits 7) A) therefore
B) characteristics B) thus
C) notifications C) thanks to
D) qualifications D) because
E) invitations E) due to

3) A) where
B) the fact that 8) A) suitable
C) which B) suit
D) in which C) suitability
E) whose D) suiting
E) suited
4) A) the others
B) another
C) each other 9) A) on
D) one other B) at
E) others C) for
D) with
5) A) completing E) in
B) to have completed
C) to complete
D) completes 10) A) from
E) having been completed B) about
C) above
D) for
E) beneath
⇒ Not (soru 1 – have/has difficulty (in) deciding) : difficulty ve trouble ifadeleri arkasından
“Ving” almaktadır ve “in” preposition’ı kullanılması gerekmeyebilir. Genellikle have/has ile
beraber kullanılır.
“Many a student has difficulty/trouble (in) concentrating on the questions in the first ten minutes
of an exam.” Bu cümlede “in” kullanılmasa da cümlede bir sorun olmaz. Bu kalıpla ilgili bir diğer
önemli uyarı da “Ving” ifadesini kesinlikle “having V3” olarak kullanamayacağımızdır.
“In the aftermath of the devaluation in Turkey, many company-owners had difficulty/trouble (in)
having managed managing their financial affairs.”

⇒ Not (soru 4 – others) : Özellikle cloze test ve paragraf tamamlama bölümünde çok
kullanacağımız bu yapının özellikleri şu şekillerde karşımıza çıkar.
“Many” ya da “some” ile başlayan bir parçada daha sonraki cümlede genelde “others” ifadesine
rastlayabiliriz.
“Many scientists claim that human beings learned how to smile and laugh from mouse. Others
(other scientists) find this argument very funny.”
Other (the other) / others / the others / another / one another = each other
Bir cümlede, eğer iki şeyden bahsediliyorsa “other”ın önüne “the” getirilebilir.
“I have found one of the earrings, but I cannot find the other (one).”
“Hold the racquet in one hand and the ball in the other (hand).” Örneklerde görüldüğü gibi
“other”dan sonra birşey yazmamıza gerek olmayabilir.
Bir cümlede eğer iki şey unsuru yoksa “other”ın önünde “the” kullanılmaz.
“The plan has been opposed by schools, businesses and other local organizations.”
“These two books will be especially useful for editors, journalists and other professional users
of the language.” Bu cümlelerde “other”dan sonra gelen kelimeler öncesinde bahsedilen
ifadelerin ne olduğunu bize söylemektedir.
“Other”dan sonra yazacağımız kelime eğer çoğulsa bunu “the others” şeklinde kısaltabiliriz.
“She gave me one book last week and promised to bring the others (the other books) on
Wednesday.”
“Another”dan sonra gelen kelimeler tekil olmak zorundadır. Üç yer hariç.
“I need another three dollars.” Para ifadelerinde…
“We have prolonged our holiday for another three days.” (zaman ifadelerinde)
“We have to go another thirty miles to reach our destination.” (mesafelerde)
“One another” ve “each other” birbirleriyle anlamını vermektedir ve arkasından herhangi bir isim
almaz.
“During rock formation, many lands were separated from one another (each other).”

⇒ Not (soru 5 – to complete) : İngilizcede “to do” ifadesi “yapacak olan” anlamını verebilir ve
modalların kısaltması şeklinde kullanılır.
“There is little for young people to do in a small town = There is little that young people can do in
a small town.”
“I have a lot of homework to finish by tomorrow morning = I have a lot of work that I have to
finish by tomorrow morning.”
“For any work of Shakespeare to be understood correctly = for any work of Shakespeare which
can be understood correctly, a dictionary including old English words should be used.”
Yukarıda verdiğimiz örnek cümlelerde “to do” ifadesi relative clause ile beraber açılımı yazılabilir.
Exercise 3 (Dream Interpretations): Aşağıdaki parçayı uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız.

Swimming:
The dream of swimming must be interpreted by using all the aspects of your dream to judge the
___(1)___ of the good or bad signified by swimming. If you dream you are swimming in the
ocean coming toward shore, you will have good fortune in business and financial ___(2)___
through your hard work. To be swimming in a pool shows that you will be unlucky in love and if
you see females swimming in the pool you will have luck with love, to see males you will have
luck in business, and if you see ___(3)___ you will experience both types of luck. If you are
teaching someone ____(4)___ you will soon have an increase ___(5)___ good fortune.

1) A) extent ⇒ Not (soru 1 – extent) : Bu kelime İngilizce gramerinde önemli

B) number bir yer tutmaktadır. Aşağıdaki örneklere bir bakalım.
C) quantity Some people hold their beliefs very strongly, even to the extent
D) amount of being prepared to go to prison for them. (Bazı insanlar
E) deal inanışlarına çok bağlıdır, hatta onlar için hapse girecek kadar
hazır olabilecek derecede.)
2) A) tasks Sales have fallen badly this year to the extent that we will have
B) affections to close some of our shops. (Satışlar, dükkânlarımızdan bazılarını
C) affairs kapatmak zorunda kalacağımız derecede bu sene çok
D) effects düşmüştür.)
E) affinities The rich will not benefit from the proposed changes to the tax
system to the same extent as the lower paid. (Zenginler, vergi
3) A) every sistemine önerilen değişikliklerden az maaşlılar kadar
B) a lot faydalanmayacaklar.)
C) any To some extent, she was responsible for the accident. (Bir
D) much dereceye kadar o kazadan sorumlu idi. O kısmen kazadan
E) both sorumlu idi.)
The car was damaged to such an extent that it couldn't be
4) A) swimming repaired. (Araba tamir edilemiyecek derecede hasar görmüştü.)
B) to be swum To what extent will we have to modify the budget? (Ne derecede
C) being swimming bütçeyi şekillendirmek zorunda kalacağız?)
D) to swim Yukarıdaki örnek cümlelerde İngilizce gramerinde
E) having swum “extent=degree=grade” kelimelerinin görevini görmekteyiz.

5) A) due to
⇒ Not (soru 5 – in addition to) : Bu ifade “-nın yanı sıra
B) in order to
anlamını vermektedir ve arkasından isim ya da Ving alması
C) in addition to
gerekir. Bunun yerine “besides, as well as” de kullanılabilir. “In
D) so as to
addition, besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore)
E) therefore
ifadeleri “bunun yanı sıra anlamını taşır ve iki cümle arasında
kullanılır.

“New energy resources will be used to heat our homes in addition

to the usage of fossil fuels.”

“Every day, one should drink freshwater to stay healthy before

breakfast. In addition, he shouldn’t eat a lot during breakfast.”
Exercise 4: Aşağıdaki parçada koyu bir şekilde verilen kelimelerden uygun olanı seçiniz
ve arkasından aşağıdaki soruları cevaplayınız.
Sulawesi is in/of great scientific interest as it forms/is formed part of a zoogeographical zone
known as Wallacea. The region marks the boundary between Oriental fauna and distinctive
Australasian animals such as marsupials. The new find is thought to belong to a group of small,
mainly insectivorous birds called white eyes, which are related to warblers. As well as/in
addition the characteristic white ring around the eye, they usually have green plumage with
white, yellow or greyish under-parts. The mystery bird was first spotted in scrubland along
to/with lemon-bellied white eyes. Marples says the species it most closely resembles is the
pale-bellied white eye, though/despite there are some striking differences.

1) The underlined word “marks” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A) explains B) denotes C) signifies D) identifies E) judges

2) The underlined word “spotted” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A) reworded B) vanished C) strived D) appointed E) noticed

3) The underlined word “striking” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A) instinctive B) impressive C) spacious D) cautious E) meticulous

⇒ Not (of great scientific interest): Aşağıda verilen yapılar Türkçeye çevirildiğinde
önemlidir olarak değil de önem taşımaktadır diye çevirilmelidr.

be of importance (önem taşımaktadır)

Something we have known for many years is of deep importance in comprehending the world
of the dying person.
The strategies to be held against enemies are of great importance to/for every leader of any
country.
be of significance (önem taşımaktadır)
Clarification of issues such as financial deficits should be of great significance to/for both
business strategy and government policy.
Of greater significance are differences that occur in the difficulties and constraints in the
utilisation of the basic resources
be of interest (ilgi taşımaktadır)
Antique jewellery at the Paris Biennale is of interest for its design rather than for its intrinsic
value.
Novels can be of interest to sociology.
be of value (değer taşımaktadır)
Bacteriological tests are of little value as the results may not be available for some days.
I think in that situation the home crowd's support was of great value to/for the team.
be of use (kullanışlı olmaktadır)
It is of no use to put forward a partial plan for the revitalization of our education.
She knew that it was no use offering to make it: it would only make Bella angry.
Take this – it is of no use to/for me any more.
be of concern (endişe taşımaktadır)
Are there no instances where the elite truly losses on a policy decision are of concern to/for its
members?
That issue is of concern to/for all members, not just Council.
Exercise 5: Aşağıdaki parçayı uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız.

Non-fiction novel is the story of __(1)__ people and actual events told with the dramatic
techniques of a novel. The American writer Truman Capote claimed __(2)__ this genre with his
book In ColdBlood. A true story of the brutal murder of a Kansas farm family, the book __(3)__
on six years of exacting research and interviews with neighbours and friends of the victims and
the two captured murderers. The story is told from the points of view of different “characters,”
and the author attempts __(4)__ his own comments or distort fact. Critics pointed out earlier
precedents for this type of journalistic novel, such as John Hersey's Hiroshima, an __(5)__ of the
World War II atomic bombing of the Japanese city told through the histories of six survivors.

1) A) factual D) has based

B) imaginary E) had based
C) imaginative
D) inventive 4) A) to intrude
E) mandatory B) not to intrude
C) to have intruded
2) A) inventing D) not to have intruded
B) to invent E) intruding
C) invented
D) invents 5) A) comprehension
E) to have invented B) account
C) heralding
3) A) based D) dedication
B) basing E) disturbance
C) was based

6) The underlined word in the passage is closest in meaning to __________.

A) spoiling B) obtaining C) drawing D) rising E) arising

⇒ Not (soru 2 – to have invented) : “claim” ifadesi gerund/infinitive konusunda “to”

almaktadır. Eğer cümlede “claim” yani iddia eylemi ile “claim”den sonra gelen eylem
arasında bir zaman farkı varsa bu eylem “to have V3 “ olarak yazılır.

“He claims to have met the President, but I don't believe him = He claimed that he had met the
president, but I don’t believe him.”

⇒ Not (soru 3 – was based) : Bu kalıp birçok cümlede öğrencilere sorun yaşatmaktadır
özellikle “cloze test” sorularında. Çok iyi bir gramer bilgisine sahip olsanız bile sorun
yaşayabileceğiniz bir kalıptır “base” ifadesi. Aşağıdaki örnek cümleleri inceleyiniz.
“Any film (that is) based on a true story strongly affects the audiences.” (Base sth on/upon sth:
Bir şeyi bir şeye dayandırmak anlamına gelir. Edilgen yapıldığında “be based on/upon” şeklinde
olur ve anlamı “bir şeye dayanmak” olur.
“The theory recently presented by a scientist called Wegener was not based on a logical notion.”
“Luc Jucquet based his documentary film “the march of the emperor” on the way the penguins
lead their lives in Antarctica.”
Exercise 6: Aşağıdaki parçayı uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız.

Marilyn Monroe was born in Los Angeles in 1926. Her real name was Norma Jean Parker. After
an unhappy childhood, __(1)__ was spent largely in foster homes, she became a model and
started to get small parts in films. __(2)__ her potential, the film studio __(3)__ she worked for
launched a big publicity campaign, as a result __(4)__ she got better parts. __(5)__ her best
films are “Bus Stop” and “Some like it hot”. Although she wished __(6)__ seriously as an actress
and studied at Lee Strasberg’s Actors’ Studio in New York, she __(7)__ famous as a “dumb
blonde”. __(8)__ at the height of her fame, she married the playwright, Arthur Miller in 1956, but
this, __(9)__ her two previous marriages, ended in divorce. She died in mysterious
circumstances in 1961.

1) A) which 5) A) At
B) that B) Among
C) where C) With
D) when D) About
E) for which E) For

2) A) Realised 6) A) she were taking

B) Having been realised B) taking
C) Realising C) to be taken
D) To have realised D) taken
E) To be realised E) to have taken

3) A) where 7) A) claimed
B) when B) drained
C) for which C) remained
D) in that D) maintained
E) ---- E) sustained

4) A) for which 8) A) During

B) at which B) For
C) where C) If
D) of which D) While
E) when E) Whereas

9) A) such
B) as
C) even
D) like
E) as if
⇒ Not (soru 2 – realising) : Özneler ortak olduğunda bağlaçlı cümleleri kısaltabiliriz. Ortak
öznenin durumuna gore cümleye V3 ya da Ving ile başlayabiliriz. Bazı cümlelerde ise
cümlenin sonunda yer alan (, Ving) ifadesi (ve yaptı) gibi anlamlar verebilmektedir. Aşağıdaki
örnek cümlelere ve çevirilerine dikkat ediniz.
Robert Louis Stevenson became a qualified lawyer but did not pursue the profession, choosing
instead to become a full-time writer.
Robert Louis Stevenson became a qualified lawyer but did not pursue the profession and chose
instead to become a full-time writer
Vasıflı bir avukat oldu fakat mesleğine devam etmedi ve bunun yerine sadece yazar olmayı
seçti.
Choosing to become a full-time writer, Robert Louis Stevenson was in fact a qualified lawyer
but did not pursue the profession.
Robert Louis Stevenson, choosing to become a full-time writer, was in fact a qualified lawyer
but did not pursue the profession.
Sadece yazar olmayı seçen Robert Louis Stevenson aslında vasıflı bir avukattı fakat bu mesleği
devam ettirmedi.

⇒ Not (soru 3) : Bu soruda cevabımız “----“ olmaktadır. Relative Clause yani sıfat
cümleciklerinde “which” ifadesinin önüne getirdiğimiz “preposition” cümle içerisinde kalırsa
“that, which ya da boşluk” kullanabiliriz.
“The environment upon which that the radiation leak has had a disastrous effect needs urgent
measures.”
“The environment which / that / ---- the radiation leak has had a disastrous effect upon needs
urgent measures.”

⇒ Not (soru 5- among): İngilizcede bazı prepositionların kullanımları soru olarak karşımıza
çok çıkmaktadır.
“With” sahiplik bildirebilir.
A car that has got diesel engine: A car with diesel engine, A diesel-engined car
With a bit of luck, we should be back in time for dinner.
With less than 20 percentage covered by freshwater, the earth is at risk now.
With many books having been sold worldwide, Michael Bolton is a most popular author.
“Across” bir noktadan diğerine anlamını vermektedir.
The boy is running across the street towards the policeman.
She was looking across the sea towards the lighthouse.
The man was swimming across the lake towards his daughter.
The first flight across the Atlantic
Across the street from where we're standing, you can see the old churchyard.
The woman sits across from me (=opposite me) on the train
“About” ile “on” aynı görevde kullanılabilir.
A book on / about child development
A title on / about TV violence
A comment on / about how to find a solution for homeless people
An interview on / about when a new government will be founded
“through” vasıtasıyla anlamını verebilir. Through: by means of
I got my car through my brother who works in a garage.
Anything can be sold through advertisements on the newspapers’ yellow pages.
Through mass media, everybody can obtain all kinds of information.
Exercise 7: Aşağıdaki parçada koyu bir şekilde verilen kelimelerden uygun olanı seçiniz
ve arkasından aşağıdaki soruları cevaplayınız.

The Babylonian civilization, which/where endured from the 18th until the 6th century BC, was,
like the Sumerian that preceded it, urban in/for character, although based on agriculture other
than/rather than industry. The country consisted of a dozen or so cities, surrounded by villages
and hamlets. At/On the head of the political structure was the king, a more or less absolute
monarch who exercised legislative and judicial as well as executive powers. Under him was a
group of appointed governors and administrators. Mayors and councils of city elders were in
charge of/with local administration. The Babylonians modified and transformed their Sumerian
heritage in accordance for/with their own culture and ethos. The resulting way of life proved to
be so/as effective that it underwent candidly/relatively little change for some 1200 years. It
exerted influence on/at all the neighbouring countries, especially the kingdom of Assyria, which
adopted Babylonian culture almost in its entirety/entirely. Fortunately, many written documents
from this period have been excavated and made available to scholars. One of the most
important is the remarkable collection of laws often designated as the Code of Hammurabi,
which, together with other documents and letters belonging for/to different periods, provides a
comprehensive picture of Babylonian social structure and economic organization.

1) Find the word that is closest in meaning to “or so” from the passage above ____________

2) The underlined word in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A) hectic B) tedious C) refutable D) utter E) momentary

3) One can understand from the passage that the Sumerian civilization ____________.

A) was different from the Babylonian civilization in that it featured urban characteristics
B) came after the Babylonian civilization into sovereignty
C) succeeded the Babylonian civilization when it lost all its possession as the owner of all
agriculture
D) consists of approximately twelve cities
E) shows similar features in terms of city with the Babylonian civilization and it was prior.

Not (at the head of..) İngilizcenin ilk başlarında öğretilen there is/there are kalıpları devrik şekle
çevrilebilir. Normalde there is/there are ile başlayan cümle içerisinde bir preposition yapısı varsa
there’in yerine bu preposition yapısı getirilir ve cümle fiil ile devam ettirilir. Aşağıdaki örnekleri
inceleyiniz.

Between the two adults was a small child. Veya There was a small child between the two adults.
At the very peak of his career and possession was an athlete known to everybody in those days.
Veya There was an athlete known to everybody in those days at the very peak of his career and
possession.
On the tops of many of the buildings was a flag symbolising the independence of the country.
Veya There was a flag symbolising the independence of the country on the tops of many of the
buildings.
On the top of government administration is the prime minister. Veya There is the prime minister
on the top of government administration.
Exercise 8: Aşağıdaki parçayı uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız.

After the __(1)__ of America, traders began to look for westward routes from Europe to Asia.
Some people thought that it __(2)__ possible to sail around the top of North America. They
believed that there was a sea route, __(3)__ they called the Northwest Passage. A brave
attempt __(4)__ the Northwest Passage was made in 1610 by an English navigator, Henry
Hudson but this trial __(5)__ in failure.

1) A) invention B) discovery C) process D) maintenance E) solitude

2) A) should be B) will be C) had been D) will have been E) is
3) A) that B) what C) where D) which E) when
4) A) to have found B) to be found C) finding D) to finding E) to find
5) A) insulted B) attained C) deserved D) occurred E) resulted

⇒ Not (soru 2 – should be) : Noun clause da yani isim cümleciklerinde temel cümle past
olduğunda isim cümleciği içerisindeki geçmişte gelecek ifadesini vermek için “shall” in past
hali olarak “should”, “will” in past hali olarak “would” kullanılmaktadır. Bu cümlelerdeki
“should” ifadesini tavsiye anlamıyla karıştırmamalıyız.

“Nobody in my family thought that I would/should decide to be an English teacher when I grew
up.”

⇒ Not (soru 3 – which) : Relative Clause ya da sıfat cümleciklerinde nitelediğimiz isimden

sonra “,” kullandığımızda “that” ifadesi kullanılmaz; bunun yerine “which” kullanırız.

“1715-1789, which / that denotes the period between the death of French emperor Louis IV and
the industrial revolution, is referred to as the 18th century by some historians.”

Bu cümlede nitelediğimiz ifade zaman olmasına rağmen biz bu cümlede “which” ifadesinin
yerine “when” kullanamayız. Çünkü buradaki zaman ifadeleri “which” den sonraki cümlede özne
konumundadır.

“1715-1789, when / in which the death of French emperor Louis IV and Industrial revolution
happened, is referred to as the 18th century by some historians.”
Bu cümlede 1715-1789 “when / in which” den sonra zaman zarfı konumunda yer almaktadır.

⇒ Not (soru 5 – resulted in) Bu fiil iki şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Result from: -den
kaynaklanmak /// result in: -ile sonuçlanmak anlamlarını vermektedir.

“The earthquake resulted in the death of many casualties.”

“The death of many casualties resulted from the earthquake.”
Exercise 9: Aşağıdaki parçayı uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız.

The suffix __(1)__ “please” is an “e”. Does that surprise you? It did me. But if you look at the
word “pleas-ure”, it __(2)__ sense, since removing its suffix leaves the same root __(3)__ in
“pleas-e”. Actually, John Hough, in Scientific Terminology, points out roots rarely exist alone.
They __(4)__ precede suffixes. The same is true of Greek and Latin, even if, when borrowing,
we sometimes drop the suffix. Thus, the word “cell” in English is really the Latin “cella”, from
which we __(5)__ the “a” suffix.

1) A) on B) from C) along D) across E) throughout

2) A) takes B) sets C) makes D) does E) lives
3) A) like B) such C) once D) so E) as
4) A) scarcely B) seldom C) hardly D) always E) usually
5) A) have dropped B) had dropped C) were dropped D) has dropped
E) have been dropped

Not (soru 3 – as) : as ifadesi “dıkça, dikçe”, “gibi”, “için”, “-iken” anlamlarını verebilir.

“As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.”

“You can go first as you're the oldest.” (Bu cümlelerde “as” “için” anlamına gelmektedir.)
“I saw him as I was coming into the building.”
“He gets more attractive as he gets older.” (Bu cümlelerde “as” “-iken” anlamını vermektedir.)
“As( it is) with his earlier movies, the special effects in his latest film are brilliant.”
“As (it) is often the case with children, Amy was completely better by the time the doctor
arrived.” (Bu cümlelerde “as” “gibi” anlamını vermektedir ve kısaltma yapılabilir.)
“As sea level increases, more lands will be under water.” (Bu cümlelerde “as” “dıkça, dikçe”
anlamında kullanılmaktadır.)

⇒ Not (soru 5 – have dropped) : “Present perfect tense” sonuç bildirmek için kullanılan bir
zamandır. Yardımcı fiil olarak kullanılan “have, has” den sonra “V3“ kullanılasının nedeni ise
eylemin son halinin önemli olduğunu bize göstermektedir. “have got, has got” kalıbıda yine
bu tense’in özelliğini taşımaktadır.

“I have got a computer.” = “I have bought a computer” “Bir bilgisayara sahip olmam için onu
almam gerekmektedir.

“Look at your bleeding finger! You have cut it with a knife.” Bu ifade de “cut” eylemi
gerçekleşirken görülmemiştir.
Exercise 10: Aşağıdaki parçayı uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız.

Fire-alarm systems came into ___(1)____ with the invention of the telegraph. Today many
communities are served either with the telegraph-alarm system ___(2)____ with telephone call
boxes. Most fires, however, are reported from private telephones. Many large cities have
removed all or many of their street alarm boxes ___(3)____ problems associated with
maintenance and with false alarm transmissions. Some boxes have been replaced with
telephones. All alarms are then transmitted to the fire stations. In large cities, alarms are
received ___(4)____ a central dispatch office and then transmitted to fire stations, ___(5)____
with the use of computers.

1) A) account B) reality C) appearance D) existence E) form

2) A) nor B) also C) so D) or E) too
3) A) besides B) now that C) in that D) in order to E) because of
4) A) for B) at C) in D) on E) from
5) A) vaguely B) obscurely C) frequently D) miserably E) considerately

⇒ Not (soru 1 existence) : Come into ifadesi arkasından “existence” veya “being” ile beraber
kullanılabilir ve “var olmak” anlamını vermektedir. Aynı zamanda “be brought into
existence/being” şeklinde kullanılabilir. Diğer alternatif kullanımlar arasında “come into view
(görüntülenmek – ortaya çıkmak), “come into leaf/blossom/flower (ürün vermek – yield)”,
“come into play (have an effect – etkisi olmak)” yer almaktadır.

⇒ Not (soru 2 – or) : Either ….. or(ya o yada o / neither …… nor / both …. and …. / not only
….. but also ifadeleri ingilizce cümelerde kullanılan sık kalıplardır. Both …. and… kalıbı
öznede kullanıldığında her zaman çoğul fiil almaktadır ancak either …. or….,
neither…..nor…., not only…..but also…. kalıplarında özneye yakın olan kelimenin tekilliğine
göre fiilin durumu belirlenir. Cümle içerisinde diğer öğeleri bağlayabilir. Örnekleri inceleyeniz.

“Either you leave now or I call the police!”

“Well, I think she's either Russian or Polish.”
“I'm going to buy either a camera or a CD player with the money.”
“She seemed neither surprised nor worried.”
“Neither my mother nor my father went to university.”
“Not only did he turn up late, he also forgot his books.”
“If this project fails it will affect not only our department, but also the whole organization.”

⇒ Not (soru 3 – because of) : Bağlaçlar konusunda önemli olan noktalardan bir tanesi de bu
bağlaçlardan sonra kullanılan “cümle” ve “isim” kullanılması kurallarıdır. Cloze test soru
tarzında mutlaka bize sorulan soruların başında bu yapılar gelmektedir. Gramer öğrenen her
öğrenci bütün prepositions (ilgeçler) den sonra isim kullanılması gerektiğini bilir. Bu yüzden
bu soruda cevabımız “because of” ifadesidir. Diğer kullanılan kalıplar bu bağlamda “due to,
owing to, on the basis of, thanks to” ifadeleridir.
Exercise 11: Aşağıdaki parçayı uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız.

The 19th century ___(1)___ to as the "age of isms", characterizing the many different isms that
___(2)___ in this period. No other century could boast the massive social changes that took
place in the 1800's. While the 20th century was the century of politics and science, the 19th was
the century of society. For the first time, the rights of the workers and ___(3)___ man were being
questioned. Rarely in previous times did such a massive movement across Europe, into the
Americas, and even parts of Asia occur. 1848 alone felt the ___(4)___ of the new ideas as
European cities from Paris to Vienna were in uprising. The 19th century was a ___(5)___ from
old to new, the old monarchies and feudal systems to the new capitalist world.

1) A) has referred B) referred C) has been referred D) referring E) was referring

2) A) processed B) comforted C) reacted D) nourished E) developed
3) A) common B) literal C) absolute D) entire E) tremendous
4) A) effects B) affects C) elections D) denials E) affinities
5) A) example B) instance C) contrast D) struggle E) issue

⇒ Not (soru 1 – has been referred) : “refer” sınav sorularında çok sık kullanılan bir fiildir ve
değişik kullanımlara sahiptir. Aşağıdaki kullanımları inceleyiniz.

Refer to somebody/something: (Gönderme yapmak / bahsetmek) Mention or speak about

somebody or something, allude to, touch on
“Although she didn't mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.”
Refer to somebody/something as something : (Bir şeyi bir şey olarak adlandırmak)
“Scientists generally refer to cells as the organiser of the human body.”
“He likes to be referred to as 'Doctor Khee'.”
Refer to somebody/something by (-ile seslenmek, çağırmak)
“The hospital now refers to patients by name, not case number.”
Refer to something: (Bir şeye bakmak / yönlenmek) look at something
“He gave the speech without referring to his notes.”
Refer somebody/something to somebody: (birilerini ve birşeyi bir kişiye yada organizasyona
yardım amacıyla göndermek) send someone or something to a person or organization to be
helped or dealt with
“My doctor is referring me to a dermatologist.”
“My complaint was referred to the manufacturers.”

⇒ Not (soru 2 – developed) : Her ne kadar kelime sorusu gibi görülse de bu soruda etken
edilgen grameri ölçülmektedir. İngilizcede bazı fiilerin hem etken hem de edilgen anlamları
vardır ve işte bu yüzden aktif halde kullanılsa bile edilgen anlamı vermektedir. “Develop:
Geliştirmek, gelişmek.” Buna benzer diğer fiiler ise, “change: değiştirmek, değişmek /
increase: artmak, artırmak / decrease: azaltmak, azalmak”
Exercise 12: Aşağıdaki parçayı uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız.

Managers often have desks that are ___(1)___ empty! These empty desks can show that the
manager often travels and is out of the office most of the time. An empty desk can also
___(2)___ how powerful the manager is by its representative status. Sometimes, in the USA,
you can see footmarks on the desk because some managers like to put their feet up on the desk
when they are talking on the telephone! In the States, managers put their feet up on the desk to
show that they are in ___(3)___ in their office. Managers usually have a laptop computer on their
desk. In fact, this laptop computer is their true desk. These days, most managers do ___(4)___
all their work on their laptops. Another thing you might find is a cell phone - another sign of the
mobility most managers ___(5)___.

1) A) sparsely B) surprisingly C) rarely D) scarcely E) literally

2) A) compete B) worship C) perpetrate D) demonstrate E) speculate
3) A) control B) extent C) key D) implication E) circulation
4) A) scarcely B) barely C) almost D) none E) widely
5) A) congratulate B) demand C) differ D) range E) interact

⇒ Not (soru 4– almost) : Hemen hemen anlamını veren kelimeler gurubu ingilizce genelde
kesinlik ifadeleri, yüzde ifadeleri, olumsuzluk ifadeleri ve rakamsal ifadelerin önünde
kullanılır. Bu bağlamda kullanılan diğer kelimeler ise, “nearly, practically, virtually” dir.
Aşağıdaki örnekleri inceleyiniz.

“almost always, almost no, almost every country, almost 20 percent, almost 1000 people”

Exercise 13: Aşağıdaki parçada her satırda bir hata bulunmaktadır. Bunları bulunuz.

1 was In the summer of 1858, Victorian Gentleman and fossil hobbyist Parker Foulke were
2 vacationing in Haddonfield, New Jersey when he heard that twenty years previous
3 workers found gigantic bones in a pit. Foulke spent the late summer by directing a
4 crew of hired diggers. Eventually he found the bones of an animal larger an
5 elephant with structural features of each a lizard and a bird. Foulke had discovered
6 the first near complete skeleton of a dinosaur – an event that will rock the scientific
7 world and forever change our view of natural history. Today, locating where a tidy
8 suburban street dead end against deep woods, the historic site is marked a modest
9 commemorative stone. Beyond the stone, the bones of Hadrosaurus foulkii was
10 originally excavating on the eve of the Civil War.

⇒ Not (previous vs. ago) : Previous kelimesi sıfat olarak kullanılır ve isimlerin önünde
kullanılır diğer taraftan ago bir zarfır ve isimlerin arkasından gelir. Anlam olarak aralarında bir
fark yoktur. Örnekleri inceleyiniz. (thirty years ago/before, previous days, years, months)

⇒ Not (would – should) : Geçmişte gelecek anlamında kullanılan would do ve should do

birbirlerinin yerine kullanılabilir. Örnekleri inceleyiniz.

“They all promised that they would come together in order to discuss the matter.”
“We knew that the members of the delegate should confirm the new regulations.”
Exercise 14: Aşağıdaki boşlukları uygun seçenekle tamamlayınız ve arkasından gelen
soruları cevaplayınız.

Magic: The Most Ancient Science On Earth

___(1)___ every one of us has expressed some sort of an interest towards magic ___(2)___
once in his/her lifetime. This is the most ancient science on earth; or perhaps, this is a sacred
knowledge that enables us to ___(3)___ control over animals, plants, nature in general. It may
also be a mere fantasy, an enchanting fairytale for grownups who still want to believe ___(4)___
magic. Greek word "mageia" ___(5)___ to witchcraft, sorcery. Greek word "magos" ___(6)___
originates from the word "mod", meaning "priest"; the same root in Chaldean means "mighty",
"all-knowing".

1) A) Practically 4) A) on
B) Uniquely B) for
C) Eventually C) at
D) Merely D) from
E) Tremendously E) in

2) A) at large 5) A) leads
B) at the extreme B) refers
C) at least C) contributes
D) at all cost D) confronts
E) at hand E) confirms

3) A) win 6) A) in turn
B) earn B) in person
C) retard C) in ruins
D) gain D) in disguise
E) retrieve E) in dispute

7) The underlined word in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A) horrible
B) terrific
C) disgusting
D) particular
E) pleasant

8) According to the writer of the passage, the main reason why people have long got interested
in magic is that ___________.

A) it helps people solve the mystery of every natural phenomena

B) it provides control over the nature with the help of knowledge related to god
C) it includes superstitious powers that enable people to gain control over everybody
D) it provides them with extensive knowledge about the history of human being
E) it helps people to change every negative event into positive one
Exercise 15: Aşağıdaki parçadaki boşlukları uygun seçeneklerle tamamlayınız.

Before you have your operation, the nurses and doctors will explain to you what will happen after
the __(1)__ is finished and __(2)__ experiences you should expect. They will also __(3)__ any
special requirements that you may have and anything unique to your operation. You may feel
some amount of discomfort for a short time after your operation. You will usually __(4)__ pain
relief such as paracetamol or codeine tablets to __(5)__ ease your discomfort. Stronger drugs
__(6)__ morphine may be given if necessary. Some hospitals provide PCA (patient controlled
analgesia) which is a method of allowing you __(7)__ the amount of painkiller you receive.
During the operation you are connected to a PCA pump, __(8)__ delivers pain-relieving drugs
down a length of tubing that is connected to an intravenous drip in your arm. After the operation,
you can increase the amount of pain __(9)__ by pressing a button on the PCA pump. The pump
is fitted __(10)__ a device that prevents you __(11)__ accidentally over-dosing by limiting the
amount of drugs __(12)__ within a certain time. If you need antibiotics, fluids or other drugs, you
may be given an intravenous drip. This is a tube that is inserted __(13)__ a vein, usually in your
hand or arm. The tube gradually releases the drugs or fluids into your body. You may also be
given a drain, to remove any blood and fluid that __(14)__ around the wound.

1) A) progress 5) A) assist 10) A) into

B) procedure B) enable B) up
C) advancement C) let C) on
D) development D) help D) from
E) process E) provide E) with

2) A) in which 6) A) as 11) A) from

B) when B) rather B) against
C) whose C) such as C) on
D) of which D) other than D) at
E) what E) apart from E) for

3) A) go through 7) A) controlling 12) A) revealed

B) set out B) to control B) released
C) get through C) in controlling C) relieved
D) come down D) to be controlled D) receded
E) make for E) controlled E) retained

4) A) be given 8) A) that 13) A) for

B) give B) which B) onto
C) have given C) for which C) under
D) be giving D) when D) into
E) have been given E) where E) above

9) A) revealing 14) A) accumulates

B) effort B) replaces
C) tranquilizer C) attains
D) modification D) attends
E) relief E) incurs
Exercise 16: Aşağıdaki parçadaki boşlukları uygun seçeneklerle tamamlayınız.
Dionysus is in Greek religion and mythology, the god of fertility and wine. Legends ____(1)____
him are profuse and contradictory. ____(2)____, he was one of the most important gods of the
Greeks and was associated ____(3)____ various religious cults. He was probably ____(4)____
origin a Thracian deity. According to the Orphic legend, he was Dionysus Zagreus, the son of
Zeus and Persephone; in other legends he was the son of Zeus and Semele and ____(5)____
by the nymphs on Mt. Nysa, where he invented the art of wine making. ____(6)____ to
manhood, Dionysus wandered through many lands, ____(7)____ men the culture of the vine
and the mysteries of his cult. He was followed by an entourage of satyrs, sileni, maenads, and
nymphs. Many festivals were held in honour ____(8)____ Dionysus; most famous were the
Lesser or Rural Dionysia (in late December), the Greater or City Dionysia (in late spring), the
Anthesteria (in early spring), and the Lenaea (in winter). His characteristic worship was ecstatic
and women were ____(9)____ involved. Votaries, through music, dancing, and drinking, and
through eating flesh and blood of sacrificial animals, attempted to merge their ____(10)____ with
nature. Later, however, the worship of Dionysus became more formalized and calm. It was
believed that ____(11)____ could he liberate and inspire man through wine and ecstatic frenzy,
but he could endow him directly with divine creativity. Dionysus ____(12)____ came to be
considered a patron of the arts. He was ____(13)____ represented as a full-grown bearded
man, as a beast, and as a delicate, effeminate youth. The Romans identified him with Liber and
with Bacchus, who was more properly the god of wine. From the music, singing, and dancing at
the festivals of Dionysus ____(14)____ the dithyramb and ultimately Greek drama.
1) A) concerned E) were reared C) features
B) to concern D) properties
6) A) To grow
C) concerning E) tasks
B) Grew
D) being concerned
C) Grown 11) A) not only
E) to be concerned
D) To have grown B) only if
2) A) However E) Having been grown C) both
B) Although D) also
7) A) to teach
C) Contrary to E) only after
B) taught
D) Thus
C) being taught 12) A) thus
E) For that reason
D) to be taught B) when
3) A) with E) teaching C) what’s more
B) for D) consecutively
8) A) for
C) at E) by contrast
B) of
D) in
C) with 13) A) radiantly
E) from
D) on B) incessantly
4) A) for E) in C) alternatively
B) at D) variously
9) A) scarcely
C) with E) literally
B) vehemently
D) under
C) prominently 14) A) developing
E) in
D) identically B) was developed
5) A) reared E) fearfully C) developed
B) was reared D) is developing
10) A) possessions
C) was rearing E) has developed
B) identities
D) would be reared
 BÖLÜM II: SORU TÜRLERİ

İngilizce sınavlarında yer alan 11 çeşit soru tipleri vardır. Her birinin kendisine göre
çözüm teknikleri bulunmaktadır. ÖSYM’nin yapmış olduğu ÜDS, KPDS ve YDS gibi sınavlarda
uygulanan bu soru türleri bir kısmı Türkçe sorularında sorulan soru türlerine benzerlik
taşımaktadır. Özellikle YDS sınavlarında eskiden ÖYS sınavlarının içerisinde 75 soru – 1982
yıllarında 30 soru – olarak sorulan bu sınavlarda daha başka soru türleri de bulunmaktaydı.
Bunların başında verilen bir parçanın sadece özetini sorma, verilen sorunun cevabını bulma,
verilen bir kelimenin hangi seçenekte farklı anlamda kullanıldığı ve etken cümleyi edilgen yapıya
dönüştürme gibi soru türleri yer almaktaydı.

Yıllar geçtikçe bu soru türlerinde de değişiklikler yaşanmaya başlandı ve soru türleri

yavaş yavaş TOEFL sistemine doğru gitmektedir. 2002-2003 sezonu itibariyle Cloze test ve
reference soru türlerinin eklenmesi bunun başlıca göstergeleridir. Peki karımıza hangi türlerde
soru çıkmaktadır. Boşluk doldurma (Fill-in-the blank section) hem kelime, hem ilgeçler hem de
gramer konularını sormaktadır. Parça içerisindeki boşluklar (Cloze test section) az önce
bahsedilen soru türüne benzer fakat daha karmaşık bir yapıda soru sorar. Cümle tamamlama
(Sentence completion section) hem yapıya göre hem de anlama göre soru sorar. Verilen
cevabın sorusunu bulma (Best Answer section) bölümü diyalog sorularına benzer soru kalıbı.
Çeviri (Translation section) her iki dilden çeviri soruları – eskiden bu soru sayısı sınavlarda çok
daha fazla idi yalnız son yıllarda sayısı azaltıldı. Paragraf soruları (Paragraph Questions section)
yukarıda bahsettiğimiz sınavlarda farklı tarzlarda yöneltilen ve özellikle belirli stillere bağlı sorular
sormaktadır. Diyalog tamamlama (Dialogue Completion section) karşılıklı konuşmada boş
bırakılan yere getirilebilecek ifadeleri sormaktadır. Durum soruları (Situational Response section)
İngilizcede kullanılan belirli fiilleri kullanarak soru soran bir soru türüdür. Beş cümleden birini
atma (Odd-one-out) Türkçe sorularında da yer alan bu soru türünde, Türkçe sorularından farklı
olarak cümle farklılıklarına dikkat eden bir soru türü. Paragraf tamamlama (Paragraph
completion) boşluktan sonra verilen belirli ifadelere göre uygun cümleyi isteyen bir soru türü.
Yakın anlamlı cümleyi bulma (Restatement) Toefl ve ielts gibi sınavlarda çok sık kullanılan bir
soru türü ancak ÖSYM’nin sınavlarında yine belirli kurallara yönelen bir soru türü.

İngilizcede soru yazmak gerçekten çok zor ve uzun bir zaman dilimini kapsayan bir
süreçtir. Diğer taraftan bir İngilizce öğretmenine değişik bakış açılarını öğreten bir çalışmadır. Bu
kitapta soruları yazarken her bölümde nelere dikkat ettiğimi de söylemiş olacağım ve bununla
beraber öğrencilere değişik bakış açılarını da kazandıracağıma inanıyorum.

Aşağıda her bölümde nelere dikkat etmemiz gerektiğini maddeler halinde sıralayacağız.
Soruları çözmeden önce bunları dikkatle incelemeniz gerekmektedir ve sadece gramer ve
kelime çalışması yapmanızın ne kadar yetersiz olduğunu da görebileceksiniz.
A) BOLUK DOLDURMA BÖLÜMÜ

Dilbilgisi bölümünde öncelikle yapısal özelliklere, daha sonra da anlama dikkat edilmeli.

• Eğer soru “tense” ile ilgiliyse;

time clause / time expression’lara ve bağlantılı diğer cümlelere ( as/so /although /because
gibi bağlaçlarla tense paralelliğinin zorunlu olmadığını unutmayın)

zaman ipucu yada time clause yoksa, iki cümlenin yüklemlerinin birbiriyle bağlantısına ve
fiilin etken edilgenliğine, ( bazı zaman dilimleri için birden fazla tense kullanılabilir; gelecek için
present continuous/ future tenses/ am is are going to veya geçmiş için simple past/ past
continuous gibi)

• Modal ile ilgiliyse;

hangi zamandan bahsedildiğine ve modal’ın anlamına, ( must have done / should have done
/was supposed to do / used to do/would rather’a dikkat et)

• If’le ilgiliyse;

zaman belirtecine ve yapı paralelliğine (unless/providing/provided/on condition that

bağlaçlarının yapısal olarak ‘if’ bağlacı ile aynı kuralı gerektirdiği unutulmamalı.)

• Noun clause ile ilgiliyse;

esas yüklemin “past” olup olmamasına ve boşluktan sonraki cümlenin anlamına, tag
question, so/too / either/ neither/ nor uygulamasına

• Sıfat/zarfla ilgiliyse;

comp./ superl. / enough/ too/ so ..... that/ such ........that/as ...... as/ such........ as /
the+ comp. ......, the+ comp. yapılarına ve cümlenin sıfata mı yoksa zarfa mı ihtiyaç duyduğuna
• Relative ile ilgiliyse;
nitelenen ismin türüne ve boşluktan sonraki yan cümlede nitelenen isimle ilgili hangi zamirin
atıldığına fiil, sıfat olarak kullanılırsa etken edilgenliğe

• bağlaç kullanımı ile ilgili ise;

boşluktan sonra isim gurubu mu yoksa cümle mi kullanıldığına ve bağlacın tense gerekliliği
ve anlamına dikkat edilmelidir.
ıklarında fiilin çeşitli kullanımları yer alan bir soruda önce etken / edilgenliğe ve Daha sonra
da cümlenin Türkçe anlamına dikkat edilmelidir.

Yukarıda bahsedilen ipuçlarının yanı sıra, gramer bölümünde bütün yapıları göz önünde
bulundurarak soruları çözmemiz gerekmektedir. Anlam verilmeden belli başlı kurallara göre
hemen sorunun cevabı verilmemelidir. Aksi takdirde yapı olarak uyan fakat anlam olarak
problem olan soru türleriyle karşılaşabiliriz.
Eğer soru kelime ile alakalı ise,
• Sınavlardaki kelime sorularını 3 başlık altında değerlendirebiliriz.

Anlama dayalı kelime soruları: Bu sorularda boşlukta bizden istenen kelimenin ya eş
anlamlısı ya da kelimenin açıklaması ya da istenen kelimeyi gerektiren durum cümle
içerisinde bize verilmektedir. Bu yüzden bu sorularda cümlenin tamamına hâkim
olmamız gerekmektedir. Aynı zamanda sorulan kelime türü de bizim için önemlidir.
Örneğin seçeneklerde verilen zarflardan hangisi cümlede verilen hangi fiili
nitelemektedir.
Örnek: More women are entering ________ male jobs and it is a clear fact that these
jobs are losing their convention in that matter.

A) relatively B) fortunately C) traditionally D) spectacularly E) recklessly

Açıklama: Bu soruda “and” den sonra verilen kısımda bu işlerin bu anlamda geleneklerini
kaybettiği ifadesi verilmektedir, bu yüzden doğru cevabımız “C” seçeneğidir.

Kalıba dayalı kelime soruları: Bu tür kelime sorularında, boşluk için verilen
seçeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi anlam olarak uyabilir ancak İngilizce açısından kalıp
olduğu için buraya sadece tek bir seçenek uygun olacaktır.

Örnek: There are many literary figures who went further in their educations with the
_________ to study a branch of science, but they all ended up being interested in
literature.
A) association
B) remark
C) emotion
D) sentiment
E) intention

Açıklama: Bu soruda, “with the intention to” kalıbı sorulduğundan bu sorunun cevabı “E”
seçeneğidir.

Preposition’a dayalı kelime soruları: Bu tür kelime sorularında, bize boşluktan sonra
bir preposition verilir. Anlam olarak diğer seçenekler sorulsa da bir tek seçenek
sadece bu preposition’ı almaktadır.
Örnek: According to new regulations of Turkish television broadcasting, films _______ on
horror and violence can only be aired after midnight.
A) interested
B) based
C) enthusiastic
D) concerned
E) regarded

Açıklama: Bu soruda, boşluktan sonra verilen “on” preposition’ı sadece “based” için uygundur.
Bu yüzden doğru cevabımız “B” seçeneğidir.
 Exercises

1) The movie was very boring and many people began to leave early. By the end, most
people _____________.

A) had already been leaving

B) have left
C) were already left
D) had already left
E) were already leaving

2) The little boy first put on one shoe and then put on _____________.

A) the other
B) another
C) other
D) others
E) each other

3) Hardly ever _____________ get a good job these days without a good education and
enough qualifications.

A) people might
B) have people
C) do people
D) people can
E) people are able to

4) It is expected that _____________ be as many as 60.000 spectators for today's air

show.

A) it will
B) there might
C) perhaps may
D) will it
E) they could

5) All right, folks. It's time you _________ writing and ________ your paper to me.

A) stopped / return B) should stop / return

C) must stop / return D) to stop / return
E) stopped / returned

6) While formerly a member of the sports club, Mr. Adams _____________ tennis there
regularly.

A) is used to playing B) used to playing

C) used to play D) got used to playing
E) was playing
7) Does this package belong to ___________ or it is ___________?

A) her / him B) me / you

C) himself / mine D) us / his
E) you / their

8) Gottfried Leibniz shares the honour of _______ the theories of calculus with Sir Isaac
Newton.

A) the development
B) having developed
C) develop
D) he develops
E) develops

9) Although most adopted individuals want the right to know who their natural parents are,
some who have found them wish they _____________ the experience of meeting them.

A) hadn't
B) don't have to have
C) hadn't had
D) wouldn't have
E) couldn't have

10) The Ford Theatre where Lincoln was shot _____________ because it looks cleaner and
more modern now.

A) could restore
B) needs to be restored
C) should have been restored
D) must have been restored
E) were supposed to be restored

11) It's ____________ difficult to decide who is to blame in ____________ cases as there
are many factors involved.

A) therefore / so
B) too / much
C) rather / such
D) that / many
E) very / a lot

12) Can I pay you back next week? I am very short ____ money _____ present.

A) off / for
B) of / at
C) from / to
D) for / by
E) on / with
13) _____________ the harsh climatic conditions, hardly anyone is able to live in that part of
the country for very long.

A) In spite of
B) By means of
C) Without
D) Since
E) Owing to

14) I reckon he'll be a great asset to the firm, _____________ he really does have a good
eye for business.

A) although
B) for
C) therefore
D) thus
E) owing to

15) He said we were on no account _________ the meeting before he came.

A) having started
B) start
C) to start
D) being started
E) started

16) We would like to talk to _____________, not to _____________ secretary.

A) her / her
B) him / yours
C) you / yours
D) theirs / them
E) yourself / your

17) He should have saved more money _____________ buy a more comfortable car.

A) otherwise
B) so that
C) in addition to
D) so as to
E) as well as

18) If you delay _____________your application form to the agency, you're most likely to
lose the opportunity _____________the job.

A) send / get B) sending / to get

C) to send / getting D) to send / to be got
E) sending / getting
19) She was fed up _____________his incessant complaints, and she walked
_____________the room.

A) on / into
B) with / through
C) of / from
D) with / out of
E) by / outside

20) You cannot save enough money for such an aim _____________you work harder in
these economic conditions.

A) because
B) due to
C) even if
D) despite
E) as though

21) _____________ he'll be busy studying for his exam, he won't be able to accompany us.

A) When
B) So
C) Therefore
D) Although
E) As

22) I wish my friends _____________ here now and _____________ you the drawbacks of
working abroad.

A) are/ will tell

B) were / could tell
C) have been / told
D) will be / have told
E) had been / were able to tell

23) The inhabitants of some areas _____________ are far from the city centre are
complaining about the lack of infrastructure services.

A) where
B) whom
C) ------
D) when
E) which

24) Both dresses are elegant, but I think _____________ one suits you better.

A) the cheaper B) cheap

C) the cheapest D) another cheap
E) so cheap
25) The announcement of the results ______ by the time we _______ at the competition hall
unless we hurry up.

A) would be made / arrive

B) had made / arrived
C) are going to make / have arrived
D) will have been made / arrive
E) would make / arrived

26) She seems to be enjoying the game and __________.

A) so her partner won't

B) her partner doesn't
C) so does her partner
D) her partner isn't, either
E) neither does her partner

27) He didn't want to think of the years ________he was at the boarding school.

A) during which
B) what
C) of which
D) which
E) that

28) Since none of the candidates ________ eligible for the position, the headquarters
_______ to appoint somebody among the staff here.

A) had been / have decided

B) was / decided
C) can be / decides
D) has been / had decided
E) were / will be decided

29) After working six hours on the computer, she _____________ listless. So, she
_________ her friends going for a stroll.

A) feels / didn't join

B) felt / won't join
C) has felt / didn't join
D) was feeling / hadn't join
E) felt / couldn't join

30) I am afraid you cannot see the manager _____________ the beginning of the next week
when he will be back from abroad.

A) by B) after
C) during D) as soon as
E) until
31) Children _____________ the actions of their elders blindly most of the time without
thinking the reason behind them.

A) have imitated
B) were imitating
C) imitated
D) imitate
E) are imitating

32) From ancient times to the present day, fire ___________ many useful purposes both
inside and outside of houses.

A) had served
B) has served
C) served
D) serves
E) is serving

33) The taxi driver seems certain that the plane _____________ off yet by the time we
_____________ at the airport.

A) aren’t going to take/arrive

B) hadn’t taken/have arrived
C) have not taken/were arriving
D) won’t take /have arrived
E) won’t have taken/arrive

34) In my opinion, he ___________ anything about the plan before it was put into effect. He
isn’t somebody trustworthy.

A) should not have been told

B) must not be told
C) cannot have told
D) was not supposed to tell
E) didn’t have to tell

35) As she _____________ the house, she _____________ that there were several strange-
looking men inside.

A) was approaching / has witnessed B) approached / had witnessed

C) is approaching / will see D) has approached / is going to witness
E) approached / witnessed

36) His uncle ______ in the hospital for two weeks because of a broken hip after he _______
off a horse.

A) is going to stay / fell B) has been staying / has fallen

C) stayed / fell D) was staying / had fallen
E) had been staying / had fallen
37) _____________ that land was known as Siam, but its modern name is Thailand.

A) Constantly
B) Originally
C) Haphazardly
D) At last
E) Shortly

38) A few people enjoyed the exhibition, but the majority were clearly ____________.

A) restrained
B) admirable
C) relieved
D) impartial
E) disappointed

39) We couldn't find any _____________ to go sightseeing during our stay in Istanbul. We
were busy with our appointments.

A) opportunity
B) fault
C) occasion
D) courage
E) facility

40) Some psychologists accuse parents of _____________ their children. This is the main
reason for character disorders in these children.

A) depriving
B) neglecting
C) rearing
D) appreciating
E) loving

41) Birth rate in rural areas is ____________ high, compared with urban areas.

A) ultimately
B) simply
C) spontaneously
D) remarkably
E) thoroughly

42) I was able to recognize him _____________, because he hadn't changed much over the
years.

A) at first glance B) all of a sudden

C) on the whole D) most of all
E) at random
43) How can you make such a/an _____________ against him ? Can you prove what you
have just said?

A) investigation
B) conclusion
C) accusation
D) inclination
E) validity

44) Alcohol taken in large amounts can cause _____________brain damage. It is impossible
to remove such damage.

A) permanent
B) deliberate
C) hazardous
D) domestic
E) appropriate

45) Their financial aid _____________ us to overcome the crisis which our company was in,
and thus we are grateful to them.

A) expanded
B) evaluated
C) vanished
D) included
E) enabled

46) During the early stages of ___________, instincts are effective on babies’ behaviour and
there is no logical thinking as to what to do.

A) adulthood
B) adolescence
C) infancy
D) offspring
E) kinship

47) Pouring cold water on a burn will not cure it, but it will certainly _____________ the pain.

A) assist B) relieve
C) defeat D) demolish
E) evacuate

48) I very much like her latest book, but it is almost impossible to _____________ fact from
fiction in it.

A) contain B) present
C) describe D) distinguish
E) derive
49) The use of language as a/an _____________ of communication is so ancient that it’s
origins are not known.

A) means
B) field
C) target
D) aim
E) publicity

50) Because of lack of rain, most of the agricultural crops have been ruined and the farmers’
_____________ are in danger.

A) nutrients
B) moods
C) famines
D) livelihoods
E) substances

51) Her works were so masterfully written that they were _____________ both by readers
and critics alike, and as a result, they became top-sellers.

A) rejected
B) purchased
C) acclaimed
D) influenced
E) emphasized

52) Especially in cold regions, hospitals are crowded with people who suffer from _______
during winters; in some cases, their toes or fingers are amputated.

A) deterioration
B) injury
C) negligence
D) frostbite
E) snowstorm

53) Experts in education complain that the standards of education are far below what it
should be, and they say that these must be_____________.

A) raised B) recalled
C) drawn D) terminated
E) eliminated

54) Habitat loss _______ a serious threat to animals and there are already widespread
deaths among animals for this reason.

A) ignores B) results
C) poses D) arises
E) discriminates
55) Up until the 1950's, slaves in the United States were treated __________, and in many
parts of the world today, average people are treated so. It is a shame.

A) considerately B) dominantly
C) wholly D) desperately
E) cruelly

56) In the __________ countries of Turkey happen a lot of conflicts between Turkish soldiers
and foreign ones since both parts want to defend their boundaries.

A) frantic B) fragile
C) arising D) neighbouring
E) harbouring

57) After hesitating ____, Steve decided that he should help the man who was lying
subconsciously on the pavement.
A) briefly
B) fabulously
C) avidly
D) merrily
E) abruptly

58) Martin ______ having been involved in the bank robbery, and therefore, demanded to
be set free.

A) accepted
B) admitted
C) convicted
D) denied
E) confessed

59) Mushrooms which are sold in supermarkets are known to be grown ______ in manure
and according to experts they have almost no risk of intoxication when compared with the
ones grown in natural conditions.

A) superficially
B) artificially
C) trivially
D) improperly
E) considerately

60) Migrating birds cover ____ distances every winter and autumn to migrate far away places.

A) shallow
B) proper
C) close
D) considerate
E) immense
B) CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA BÖLÜMÜ
Cümle tamamlama sorularını 3 başlık altında toplayabiliriz:

1) İlk kısmı boş bırakılan cümle tamamlamaları

2) İkinci kısmı boş bırakılan cümle tamamlamaları
3) Orta kısmı boş bırakılan cümle tamamlamaları
Yukarıda belirttiğimiz soru türlerinin ortak tarafı her üçünde de bizden bağlaçlı cümlelerin nasıl
tamamlandığı sormalarıdır. Ve bununla beraber dikkat etmemiz gereken bazı önemli noktalarda
karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

a) Cümleler birbirlerine bağlaçlar ile bağlanır ama virgüller ile bağlanmaz. Anlam
olarak uysa bile bağlaç olmadığı için cevap olmaz.

_______________, a person can do anything you want him to do.

A) Since the subconscious part of an individual is susceptible to any order

B) During the period of hypnosis, a person reacts to anything you want

Doğru cevabımız A seçeneği çünkü bağlaçlı ifademiz bu seçenektedir.

b) Herhangi bir bağlacın verilmediği sorularda biraz vakit harcamanız gerekmektedir.

Çünkü her seçeneği kendi içerisinde değerlendirmeniz gerekmektedir.
c) Bağlacın verildiği sorular çok kısa bir zaman diliminde çözülebilir. Çünkü bu tip
sorularda genelde zaman bağlaçları verilir ve seçeneklerin çoğu geçmiş zamanda
kurulurken bir tanesi geniş zaman olur ya da tam tersi bir durum olur.

When the storm broke out and the torrential rain started to fall down, __________.

A) we were running under the bridge so that we could find a shelter

B) there is no other alternative left other than searching for a place of shelter
C) it seems that we will have to cancel the picnic we have organised
D) we are supposed to find a solution to the problem of getting soaked
E) we can’t give permission to the concert to be held tomorrow

Doğru cevabımız A seçeneğinde yer almaktadır. Çünkü 4 seçeneğimiz geniş

zaman içerir.
d) Orta kısmı boş bırakılan sorularda ise ki bu soru tarzı yine son yıllarda yeni
sorulan bir soru türüdür ve genelde sıfat cümleciklerini sormak için kullanılır ya da
alışılmışın dışında bağlaç kullanımlarını sormak için de kullanılır.
Harrison, ___________, was able to make new friends at his new school.

A) since he has to enrol at a new faculty

B) because he was dropped out of the faculty
C) though socially inept in a new environment
D) in case he is singled out from the accompaniment of other students
E) even if he were deserted by other students
Doğru cevabımız C seçeneğidir. Burada anlam verme gücümüz test edilir.
 Exercises

1) For many years, much of what was possible to know was derived from inspiration or
divination ______.

A) and are all related to the idea coming from logical thinking
B) and for that reason, there were many logical thinking processes
C) which caused several conflicts among the people living in the past
D) and did not involve the rational process of reasoning in wide use today
E) and what’s more, these made important changes in the way people thought in those days
2) Ayn Rand, ________ novels deal with the nature of capitalism in a democracy, is often
taught in introductory courses in economics.

A) much of whose
B) many of whose
C) of which
D) of whom
E) most of which

3) ___________ in which light is diffused at varying rates by the surrounding atmosphere

resulting in the reflection of different wavelengths of light.

A) A rainbow is generally formed

B) To clearly understand the formation of a rainbow
C) Separating the formation of a rainbow from other processes
D) The formation of a rainbow makes up a process
E) The rainbow denoting several meanings of love

4) Though difficult, it is possible for an adult learner of a new language to master the subtleties
of the grammar.

The closest in meaning to this sentence is that _________.

A) It is impossible for an adult learner of a new language to understand the obscure parts of
the grammar.
B) There’s no way an adult learner of a new language can understand the difficult parts of
the grammar.
C) Understanding the small details of the grammar can be achieved by an adult learner of a
new language although he has difficulty in doing so.
D) It is possible for an adult learner of a new language to understand the difficult parts of the
grammar to a certain extent, but it is impossible to do so entirely.
E) An adult learner of a new language can understand the basic parts of the grammar, but
he cannot do so for the small details.
5) When a bird moults, ______ loses its feathers, it is actually preparing itself for the
regeneration of the lost feathers.

A) so its
B) as if
C) as when it
D) so that
E) that
6) The scientific method is a system ________ a problem or challenge is identified and possible
solutions are created and tested.

A) when
B) whose
C) in which
D) with which
E) -------

7) The Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C. is home ______ the largest collection of
Native American artefacts in the United States most of which remain hidden from public
view.

A) for
B) to
C) on
D) at
E) from

8) Many modern critics of American literature have called Mark Twain, born Samuel Clemens,
______ .

A) as America's greatest writer

B) was America's greatest writer
C) being America’s greatest writer
D) America's greatest writer
E) to have been America's greatest writer

9) In the modern era, face-to-face communication is becoming nearly _______ hand-written

letters.

A) as uncommon as
B) such uncommon that
C) so uncommon that
D) more uncommon
E) so uncommon as
10) What many kids who decide to cheat don't think about ________.

A) is what happens afterward

B) are not aware of the fact that they are doing wrong
C) put forward the reality that they don’t take the lesson seriously
D) when they find it difficult to pass the lesson
E) shows that they are not aware of the importance of the lesson

11) _______ that they only accomplished their goals because they always believed in
themselves.

A) The main principle the successful people have obtained throughout their lives is about
B) The fact that businessmen have fulfilled their targets
C) Whenever people aim to succeed in life
D) Every successful person from Bill Gates to Ted Turner will tell you
E) Nobody knows about the way
12) Even though you probably have two arms, two ears, and are like other people in many ways,
_______.
A) you have also some similarities with other people
B) you don’t have any feature that differentiates you from others at all
C) no traits related to you can make you different for that reason
D) nothing can distinguish you from the others in any way
E) some things about you are completely different
13) Solomon Shereshevskii had a memory so perfect ________.
A) while his friends have unbelievably bad memory
B) in case he could come up with a creative idea
C) ever since he was provided with the opportunity of education
D) that he could recall every minute of his life in graphic detail
E) which made him entirely distinguished among his friends in the classroom
14) ___________, people are inclined to believe that his personal life was very orderly and
controlled.
A) Since Albert Einstein is regarded as the most brilliant scientist of the 20th century,
B) Although Einstein gained the foremost place in his life
C) After Einstein gave out his invention
D) Albert Einstein has been respected for many years because of his output
E) If Albert Einstein weren’t known for his outstanding invention
15) ___________, as I would have undoubtedly got lost without one.
A) I need an equipment which can enlighten my way
B) I am going to buy a device which can help detect where I am
C) They forgot to give me the map of the area
D) I had to buy a map of the area
E) I could ask any person where I was
16) Many researchers have been aware of the need for the restructuring of schools ________.
A) and for that reason they made important strides in terms of educating the children
B) but they have not been clear about how to approach the problem
C) which aroused the suspicion about the way the schools have been run for years
D) as soon as the system applied at schools failed entirely
E) in order to reveal the deficiencies in the way they are governed
17) To cope with the issue of changing the careers throughout their lives, people will need
positive attitudes to lifelong learning, _______.
A) hence causing many workers to become unemployed in the years to come
B) otherwise, they would be made redundant with only one decision
C) and therefore they searched for job counseling
D) primarily because they hadn’t found it enough to make their ends meet in that way
E) so learning how to learn will become a central focus of future schooling
18) While there has been slow progress in understanding what happiness is, _______.
A) psychology offers alternatives to material pursuits that can make people's lives more
satisfying
B) there had been great advancement in providing precise definition for the field of
psychology
C) people, in fact, figured out what was lying behind the real meaning of happiness
D) the psychologists will go on looking into that abstract concept in the days to come
E) which is likely to lead to some researches to be done by psychologists

19) Publishing figures every six months showing how many people are unemployed,
__________.

A) several offers to solve the problem have been given by the government
B) the book gained great reputation among the readers
C) when the new government took control of the country
D) is one of the biggest problems the country has nowadays
E) the new government has considerably lost confidence of the citizen

20) Mr. Smith distributed several leaflets including false news about his friend ________.

A) when his friend has revealed some hidden information about him
B) so that nobody would vote him onto the chairman of the organization
C) nevertheless none of the people around him had believed it
D) therefore he managed to eliminate his friend’s fame among other people
E) so that his supporters will stop standing by him

21) __________ in addition to a spectacular river near it.

A) You can’t find any cinemas or theatres in this city

B) Our city hasn’t got a museum
C) There are no recreation areas in our city
D) The entertainment in our town is insufficient
E) The city has a fascinating natural park
22) After their son has left the university with a good degree, ____________.

A) their own company should have employed him

B) they are planning to send him abroad for a master’s degree
C) their father has approved of his employment in their own firm
D) his determination to be an academician grew stronger
E) there will be many other graduates in the following years

23) ____________ although television has become the dominant form of entertainment for many
people.

A) Television has changed a great deal in function recently

B) Especially children who cannot use their logic blindly believe in the truth of what they
watch on television
C) There are still a lot of people who would prefer to watch a film at a cinema rather than at
home
D) More than one television set are common in many households
E) Reading books will make a person more knowledgeable than watching television does

24) James must have got too excited to understand the paragraph _________.

A) which contain too many unknown words

B) after he takes a brief look at it
C) even after he has read it several times
D) when he couldn’t understand a few words at the beginning of it
E) as soon as he noticed how easy it seemed

25) Sue put on a rather casual dress ______.

A) when she cannot find anything formal to go with her hair

B) because she was going to a very formal gathering
C) as soon as she has seen strangers ringing the doorbell
D) until the meeting was over
E) as she was going to the wedding ceremony of her sister

26) As a consequence of the rise in the Global temperature, the icebergs on both poles started
to melt; __________________.

A) with this in mind, the community will have taken some measures
B) therefore, all the disasters followed one another
C) because there was a great deal of air pollution
D) although nobody had died in the end
E) so that people can board up their house
27) __________, she decided to get married to the man.

A) When Eva has made up her mind for the marriage

B) Because Eva has bad impressions on the man
C) Whereas the mother supported Eva’s decision
D) By the time Eva graduates from the university
E) Although the mother didn’t approve of Eva’s desire for marriage

28) By the time the football fans arrive at the stadium, ______________.

A) the match will have already begun

B) they will get very upset because of the traffic jam
C) the media had already taken their position for broadcasting
D) the media had great difficulty broadcasting the match
E) the weather condition was extremely bad

29) Jason and Sharon were pleased to live in a small town _________.

A) so they hope to work for the engineering company in Manchester

B) because they visited the school and met some of the students
C) but they moved to Birmingham a short time ago
D) because people who live there are very friendly
E) therefore they decided to sell their house and buy another one in the city

30) __________ since the last summit held in America.

A) On the whole, some countries such as Turkey and France can’t get on well
B) From the very beginning of wars, many casualties had been slain mercilessly
C) Israel and Iraq continued their meeting on and off
D) The conflict between Palestine and Israel has been on the increase
E) Fortunately it happened that the allied countries negotiated on a treaty

31) We have decided not to tell John that he is adopted __________.

A) until he is old enough to understand

B) by the time he was at the age of eighteen
C) for fear that he would leave us behind
D) as though we were his real parents
E) when he was at the age of three

32) __________, but to the people of the time it was one of the safest forms of transport.

A) Titanic was claimed to be unsinkable when it was at first made

B) Ocean travel may be considered to have been a risky business in the early 18th century
C) In the first half of the 18th century, people used to prefer travelling by ships to travelling
by planes
D) Titanic’s builders had no doubt that she was the finest ship ever built
E) Today air travel is thought to be one of the safest forms of transport
C) PARÇA İÇİ BOLUKLAR BÖLÜMÜ (CLOZE TEST)

İlk önce bu soru türünün sınavlara neden konulduğunun cevabını öğrenelim. Daha önceki
sınavlarda öğrencinin kelimenin doğru halini bilip bilmediği sorulamıyordu. Yani kelimenin
sıfat, zarf, fiil ve isim halini sorulamıyordu. Gramerdeki belli başlı yapılar sorulamıyordu.
Örneğin, gerund/infinitive, bazı fiillerin özel durumları (help sb to do sth, help sb do sth, help
to do sth, help do sth) vb.

Bu sorularda önemli olan unsur parçanın tamamını anlamak değildir. Boşluğun verildiği
cümleyi anlamak yeterlidir. Eğer bize bağlaç soruluyorsa iki ayrı cümleyi de anlamak
gerekmektedir.

Bu sorularda yer alan kelime soruları “this, that, these, those, the, another, other” gibi
kalıpların arkasından gelen kelimeler sorulur. Çünkü bu kelimeler bir önceki cümleye
gönderme yapar.

Bazı kelimelerin birbirleriyle sık kullanımı bize sorulabilir.

Sıfat cümleciklerinin daha farklı türleri bize sorulabilir.

Boşluktan sonra yer alan preposition (ilgeçler)’e dayalı kelime soruları bize sorulabilir.

Phrasal verbs konusunda çeşitli sorular sorulabilir.

Many/some people think …………………. . Others bize sorulabilir. Ancak parça olarak yer
aldığı için aradaki cümleler uzun olabilir.

Not only(just,merely,solely) …….. but also / not only ……. but …….. as well / not only
………. but ……. too / not only ……. but ya da neither ……. nor / either ……. or / both ……..
and yapıları sorulabilir. Ancak bu yapıların arasında kullanılan ifadeler uzun olabilir ve bu
yüzden cümleleri iyi takip etmek gerekmektedir.

Bu sorunun bir diğer özelliği çok basit bir ifadeyi bile bize sorabilir ancak karmaşık bir formda
sunarak bize sorar.

Bir parçanın giriş kısmında “many” ya da “some” ifadesiyle başladıktan sonra belki de 4-5
satır sonra bize “others “ ifadesini sorabilir. Normalde böyle bir soru kolay bir soru olmasına
rağmen bu soru kalıbında bizi zorlayabilecek bir duruma gelebilir.

Bu soru türü parça içerisinde yapı sorduğu için alışılagelmiş gramer kalıpların dışına da
çıkabilir. Örneğin “San Juan ship ______ some scientists believe had sunk during the
sixteenth century” ifadesinde boşlukta “which” in sorulması gibi…

Bu soruları rahat bir şekilde cevaplayabilmek için bol bol parça çalışması yapmamız
gerekmektedir. Okuduğumuz her cümleyi gramer ve kelime olarak incelemeliyiz.

Aşağıdaki cloze teste bir göz atalım.

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803- 1882 ) was a sage, not a scientist, but he was more keenly
interested in the scientific advances of his day than is commonly realized . One of his early
aspirations was to be "a naturalist", and he started his career (21)….. a lecturer- essayist by
giving talks on natural science, (22)…… one focused on the chemical composition of water.
(23)…….. Emerson went on to make his mark primarily in the areas of literature, religion,
philosophy and social reform,* he remained an eager lifelong student of both traditional
and contemporary natural and social science. To date, however, this side of Emerson's
thought and life (24) …….only a handful of significant scholarly discussions. Emerson's life in
science is the best of books (25)…….. this aspect of Emerson that have marked the bicentennial
of his birth, and it is one that will endure. (2004 kpds cloze test)

Tipik bir biografi paragrafı. Bu tip parçalarda sorulan kelime ve yapılar bellidir. Birbirlerine çok
benzeyen parçalar olduğu için sorulan sorularda aşağı yukarı aynıdır.

21. a) more
b) so
c) such
d) as [kariyerine konferanscı olarak başladı]
e) only

22. a) describing
b) including [içeren ifadesi arada “on natural science” olmasına rağmen “talks” ifadesini
nitelemektedir]
c) considering
d) intending
e) defining

23. a) although [Seçeneklerde verilen tek iki ayrı cümleyi birbirine bağlayan yapı “-e rağmen]
*buradaki virgül iki cümleyi birbirinden ayırmaktadır ve bu bağlaç sadece bağlayabilir.
b) therefore
c) so that
d) but
e) since

24. a) should attract

b) is attracting
c) will attract
d) has attracted [“to date” şu ana kadar anlamı verir ve present perfect kullanımı
gerektirmektedir. Normalde gramer kitaplarında bu yapıyı göremezsiniz ancak parçalarda
görebilirsiniz.]
e)had attracted

25. a) to
b) for
c) on [hakkında anlamı veren bir preposition]
d) with
e) at
 Exercises

Virtual Reality (VR) is the term used __(1)__ computer simulations of reality which are very
__(2)__ to real-life experience. To enter VR, you __(3)__ a special headset, or head-mounted
display (HMD) which allows you to see three-dimensional, computer-generated images. You
also hear sound effects and wear a special glove, __(4)__, like the HMD, is connected to the
computer. This glove allots you to __(5)__ the objects that you see and to have some sense of
touch.

1)
A) to describing
B) to describe
C) describes
D) describing
E) described

2)

A) different
B) same
C) distinct
D) like
E) similar

3)

A) put on
B) wear out
C) call off
D) do up
E) add up

4)

A) that
B) where
C) which
D) who
E) when

5)

A) render
B) manipulate
C) hinder
D) emaciate
E) deprive
The Romans built hundreds of miles of aqueducts that __(6)__ the population with a generous
supply of fresh water, __(7)__ more than 200 million gallons a day for the city of Rome. The city
provided public baths, toilets, and more than a thousand public fountains for the poor __(8)__
today direct pipelines __(9)__ the villas of the wealthy. Sewers and organized garbage
collections made imperial Rome __(10)__ healthier than other cities of antiquity.

6)
A) enabled
B) provided
C) allowed
D) allotted
E) let

7)

A) including
B) included
C) having been included
D) having included
E) includes

8)

A) before
B) soon after
C) until
D) while
E) when

9)

A) had served
B) serve
C) served
D) were serving
E) serves

10)

A) more
B) quite
C) much
D) fairly
E) pretty
In the early 19th century Sir Henry Morton made his fortune __(11)__ tea and coffee. He used his
money to build up a magnificent private art collection. __(12)__ he died, in 1842, he __(13)__ all
his paintings and sculptures in a small museum which was open to the public. In his last will and
testament, he left money for the maintenance of the museum. __(14)__ the terms of the will,
nothing in the museum must __(15)__ be sold and entrance to the museum must be free.

11)
A) to import
B) by importing
C) imports
D) having been imported
E) imported

12)

A) Just before
B) When
C) After
D) Until
E) Whereas

13)

A) puts
B) had put
C) is putting
D) put
E) has put

14)

A) Despite
B) Thus
C) Accordingly
D) According to
E) Therefore

15)

A) never
B) by far
C) ever
D) as ever
E) whatsoever
Aristotle was born in Macedonia in 384 B.C., the son of a physician. __(16)__ a boy he was
educated in that country as his father __(17)__ to the royal Court of the Macedonian king. At 17
he went to Athens __(18)__ he spent the next 20 years. He was Plato's pupil for the first few
years. He was a member of the Academy but not __(19)__ in residence. In 342 he undertook the
tutorship of Alexander, then 13 years of age, son of Philip, King of Macedonia. He continued this
responsibility for three years __(20)__ time Alexander became regent of the Kingdom as his
father was absent on military duties. When Alexander succeeded his father (335 B.C.), Aristotle
continued as his counselor and friend. Aristotle returned shortly to Athens and created a new
school and center of learning called the Lyceum.

16)
A) As
B) Like
C) Though
D) Since
E) In spite of

17)

A) is attached
B) was attached
C) attached
D) has been attached
E) will be attached

18)

A) when
B) which
C) whose
D) at which
E) where

19)

A) continuous
B) continuity
C) continuously
D) continued
E) continuing

20)

A) for which
B) when
C) where
D) at which
E) that
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was established in May 1927 as a non-profit
corporation to __(21)__ the art of movie making. In the first year, the Academy had 36 members,
__(22)__ Douglas Fairbanks Sr as president. The first Academy Awards, now better known as
the Oscars, __(23)__ at a private dinner in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, with less than 250
persons attending. Today, the Academy has over 6 000 honorary members - the Oscar Awards
__(24)__ by more than a billion people on television. The first television broadcast of the Oscars
took place in 1953 - on black and white TV, telecast throughout the US and Canada. Telecasting
in colour begun in 1966, and __(25)__ 1969, the Oscars have been telecast throughout the
world. By the mid-1990s it was telecast in over 100 countries.

21)
A) diminish
B) swear
C) verdict
D) relinquish
E) promote

22)

A) for
B) with
C) by
D) on
E) from

23)

A) presented
B) presenting
C) was presented
D) were presented
E) are presented

24)

A) were viewed
B) had been viewed
C) viewed
D) view
E) are viewed

25)

A) since
B) for
C) after
D) before
E) within
Cupid has always played a role in the celebrations of love. Those __(26)__ hearts are pierced by
his arrows fall deeply in love. In Greek mythology he was known as Eros, the young son of
Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty. To the Romans, he was Cupid, son of Venus. But
where there’s love, there often is jealousy. Venus was __(27)__ of the beauty of Psyche, a mere
mortal, and ordered Cupid to punish her for being so beautiful. __(28)__, Cupid fell deeply in
love and took her as his wife. As a mortal Psyche, she was forbidden to look at him. Eventually,
her sisters convinced her to look at the handsome Cupid. As punishment, Venus demanded that
she __(29)__ three difficult tasks, the last of which caused Psyche's death. Cupid found her
lifeless on the ground and removed the eternal sleep from her body. The gods, __(30)__ by their
love, then granted Psyche immortality.

26)
A) who
B) whose
C) which
D) where
E) that

27)

A) remarkable
B) famous
C) noteworthy
D) humble
E) jealous

28)

A) Therefore
B) Instead
C) As a result of
D) Although
E) Nevertheless

29)

A) performs
B) performed
C) perform
D) performing
E) has performed

30)

A) moving
B) to move
C) having moved
D) to be moved
E) moved
In the not-so-distant future, the hand tightening bolts during space structure assembly __(31)__
not be human. Tomorrow's astronauts will find themselves working __(32)__ in space with
human-like robots called "Robonauts." And while the faceless machines might look a little
strange, these Robonauts are really quite sensitive. Don't expect to see them making the rounds
on the talk-show circuit discussing their feelings, __(33)__. Their kind of sensitivity is strictly
high-tech. Now the technology bringing these Space-Age helpers to life __(34)__ also at work in
some surprising places. One common element drives these innovations, __(35)__ on Earth and
in space: sensors.

31)
A) must
B) might
C) had to
D) should have
E) would

32)

A) at all costs
B) over and above
C) on and on
D) side by side
E) from all accounts

33)

A) though
B) although
C) thus
D) hence
E) but

34)

A) are
B) was
C) is
D) were
E) had been

35)

A) either
B) neither
C) not only
D) not
E) both
Experts believe that, with SAD, depression is __(36)__ triggered by the brain's response to
decreased daylight exposure. No one really understands how and why this happens. Current
theories __(37)__ what causes SAD focus on the role that sunlight might play in the brain's
production of key hormones. Experts think that two specific chemicals in the brain, melatonin
and serotonin, may __(38)__ in SAD. These two hormones __(39)__ regulate a person's sleep-
wake cycles, energy, and mood. Shorter days and longer hours of darkness in fall and winter
may cause increased levels of melatonin and decreased levels of serotonin, __(40)__ the
biological conditions for depression.

36)
A) somewhat
B) somehow
C) somewhere
D) nohow
E) nowhere

37)

A) onto
B) from
C) on
D) about
E) within

38)

A) involve
B) have involved
C) to be involved
D) be involving
E) be involved

39)

A) assist
B) aid
C) help
D) allow
E) allocate

40)

A) creating
B) having created
C) created
D) to create
E) creates
According to legend, a queen named Scheherazade told the stories of Arabian Nights to Sultan
Schahriah __(41)__ her life. Each night she told him tales, stopping at the most exciting part so
that he __(42)__ wait until the next night to learn what happened. After 1,001 nights, the sultan
__(43)__ Scheherazade her life. She became his wife and her stories were recorded __(44)__
the entire world to read. They __(45)__ “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves,” “Sinbad the Sailor,”
and “Aladdin and the Magic Lamp.”

41)

A) to be saved
B) to save
C) for saving
D) to saving
E) for having saved

42)

A) will be able to
B) is supposed to
C) would have
D) would have to
E) can

43)

A) granted
B) provided
C) enabled
D) utilized
E) charged

44)

A) with
B) on
C) for
D) from
E) in

45)

A) include
B) exclude
C) impress
D) alter
E) withstand
Cats __(46)__ some of their nine lives to their unique skeletal structure. Cats don’t have a
collarbone, and the bones in their spine are __(47)__ than other animals. This makes it easier
for them to bend and rotate their bodies __(48)__ a short fall. A fall of two or more floors,
__(49)__, can seriously injure a cat. A cat's feet and legs usually __(50)__ the impact of a fall
from that distance or higher.

46)

A) own
B) owe
C) possess
D) foster
E) rectify

47)

A) more flexible
B) rather flexible
C) too flexible
D) more flexibly
E) so flexibly

48)

A) while
B) just as
C) when
D) whereas
E) during

49)

A) but
B) although
C) therefore
D) as a result
E) however

50)

A) couldn’t have absorbed

B) can’t absorb
C) don’t have to absorb
D) may not be absorbed
E) couldn’t be absorbed
Many theories ___(51)___ the origin of sacrificial rites have been offered, especially in the 19th
and early 20th centuries, but no ___(52)___ case has been established. Contemporary scholars
tend to be more interested in the symbolic and functional significance of sacrificial acts. One
theory, ___(53)___, considers sacrifice a form of nonverbal communication between human
beings and their gods. ___(54)___ relates sacrificial offerings to the economic value they have in
a particular culture. Several scholars have argued that the forms of sacrificial rituals resemble
the structures of human relationships and that the rituals are ___(55)___ symbolic not only of
religious aspirations but also of the daily lives of those who take part in them.

51) A) regarded
B) concerning
C) interesting
D) dealing
E) retailing

52) A) conclusive
B) discriminative
C) conductive
D) initiative
E) sedative

53) A) because
B) though
C) however
D) consequently
E) for example

54) A) The others

B) Others
C) One another
D) Another
E) Each other

55) A) nevertheless
B) notwithstanding
C) therefore
D) that’s why
E) as a result
___(56)___ to the influences of heredity, what happens to a developing child has a greater or
___(57)___ effect depending on when it happens. Many psychologists believe that critical
periods exist in personality development. These are periods ___(58)___ an individual is more
sensitive to a particular type of environmental event. During one period, for example, language
ability changes most rapidly; during another, the capacity for guilt is most likely to be developing.
Most experts believe that a child's experiences in the family are crucial for personality
development. How ___(59)___ basic needs are met in infancy, along with later patterns of child
rearing, can leave a permanent ___(60)___ on personality.

56) A) As well as
B) In addition
C) However
D) Although
E) In case

57) A) fewer
B) less
C) higher
D) lesser
E) little

58) A) which
B) where
C) whose
D) when
E) who

59) A) well
B) good
C) suitable
D) extreme
E) distant

60) A) branch
B) nuance
C) mark
D) charge
E) rank
___(61)___ evidenced by the discovery of preserved flowers in ancient Egyptian tombs, people
have for centuries ___(62)___ in the art of preserving flowers. Today, a large variety of annuals,
biennials and perennials are successfully preserved. Because properly dried flowers can persist
for years after harvesting, they ___(63)___ to as everlasting or immortals. ___(64)___ the
optimum growing conditions and harvesting time for a particular species, one ___(65)___ solely
on books or articles. Experienced growers will frequently be the best sources of information.

61) A) Like
B) As
C) Such as
D) While
E) As if

62) A) involved
B) resisted
C) based
D) engaged
E) resulted

63) A) referred
B) are referring
C) have referred
D) are referred
E) had been referred

64) A) Having been determined

B) To determining
C) Determined
D) To have determined
E) To determine

65) A) must not rely

B) couldn’t have relied
C) should not rely
D) ought not to be relied
E) would not rely
Odysseus was claimed ___(66)___ the most cunning man in the world. Odysseus, son of
Procris and Cephalus of the Royal House of Athens, played a major role in the Trojan War.
___(67)___, the legends of Odysseus do not begin ___(68)___ after the Great War. At the end
of the war he was separated from the rest of the Greek armies and was forced to wander for ten
years until he was reunited with his family. His journeys in those ten years were very similar to
Jason's journey in his search for the Golden Fleece. Also, in the course of Odysseus'
adventures, he proved himself to be not only a great hero ___(69)___ a cunning and resourceful
man, ___(70)___ of the title the most cunning man in the world.

66) A) being
B) to be
C) to being
D) be
E) been

67) A) When
B) But
C) Whereas
D) For that reason
E) However

68) A) by the time

B) by
C) when
D) until
E) as soon as

69) A) but also

B) and
C) for
D) in that
E) as well

70) A) famous
B) eminent
C) worthy
D) frantic
E) efficient
D) EN İYİ CEVAP & DİYALOG TAMAMLAMA BÖLÜMLERİ

Bu iki soru türünde anlam vermenin yanı sıra faydalanabileceğimiz belli başlı ipuçları (clues)
vardır. Bunları şöyle sıralayabiliriz. Her ipucundan sonra verilen örnekleri inceleyiniz.

Clue # 1: As a matter of fact, it is/has/does/will …..etc.

Person A: Do you think John Steinbeck’s novel “Of mice and men” is of
great importance to the English literature?
Person B: As a matter of fact, it is.

Person A: Do you think John Steinbeck’s novel “Of mice and men” has
significance for the English literature?
Person B: As a matter of fact, it does.

Clue # 2: Not necessarily = we don’t have to, we don’t need to

Person A: Must we invite Susan to our party tonight?

Person B: Not necessarily, but she would be rather happy if we did.

Clue # 3: I guess so/as such, I hope so, I think so, I don’t think so …etc.

Person A: I am sure that Martin will bring his dog to the party we are going
to hold tonight.
Person B: I don’t think so, because he knows that pets are not allowed to
that party.

Clue # 4: Nor do I, So does she, Neither is she …etc.

Person A: As an intent father, I do not support parents who consent to their

daughters’ staying out late.
Person B: Nor/Neither do I.
Person A: As far as I know, ancient tribes could not have a bath oftentimes.
Person B: Nor could they find any source to burn so that they could heat
water.

Clue # 5: Quantifiers such as “any, some, many…etc.”

Person A: I came again to taste some more slices of the cake you cooked
yesterday.
Person B: I am really sorry, but there isn’t any left.

Person A: Do you know how many people approved of the new system to
be applied this year in exams?
Person B: Not exactly, but few did.

Clue # 6: Wh- questions and related answers: How often = three times a
week, every other day …etc
How long = (for) four years
Whose = Sheila’s

Person A: How long have you been preparing that assignment?

Person B: Nearly five months.

Person A: Why did you arrive at home that late?

Person B: (Because) My colleagues at the office kept me busy.

Clue # 7: We would like to, we would love to …etc.

Person A: We are going to pay visit to our mutual friend, Martha and do you
like to join us?
Person B: I would love to, but I have lots of homework to do.
Examples:
Penny: Is that a travel book you're reading?
Jo: Yes, it is. Why do you ask?
Penny: __________
Jo: Some aren't, of course. But many of them are. This one, for instance,
which is about Sri Lanka, is absolutely fascinating.

A) Well, I've never read one. I never thought they'd be interesting.

B) I'd like to borrow it when you've finished with it.
C) I'm thinking of writing one myself.
D) I'd like to do the traveling myself!
E) They might be interesting if they are about places you've never been
to.

Paulo: Bertha, I have great difficulty in subject-verb agreement in English

when gerund or infinitive is at the beginning of the sentence.
Bertha: I see, and then you mistake the noun coming after gerund or
infinitive for the real subject of the sentence.
Paulo: ____________
Bertha: Of course I have because almost every learner of English has
the same problem.

A) Great! You have made sense of what my problem is without further

explanation.
B) No, not exactly. I cannot decide whether to use infinitive or gerund in
the subject place.
C) Well, I think you are really competent in that subject of grammar,
aren’t you?
D) Sorry but I couldn’t understand what you mean with that explanation.
E) I cannot believe! How could you understand my problem
immediately?

Clue # 8: partly – in part

Brandy: What is your first impression about the witness’s statements related
to the murder?
Harrison: I think what he has told us is partly true
Brandy: So do you mean that he is concealing some facts or he is lying to
us?
Harrison: I want to say that he hasn’t told us everything about the murder.

Exercises

1) John : What are you worried about?

Simpson : ____________.
John : Then, there must be something wrong with your studying methods.
Simpson : I think you're right.

A) I got the teacher to talk to my parents about my marks

B) I had to cheat during the exam
C) Unfortunately I couldn't answer all the questions correctly
D) I always seem to get low marks although I study as hard as I can
E) My teachers say that I have the necessary encouragement from my parents

2) Jason : Where are you going to go for holiday this holiday?

Linda : ____________
Jason : If I were you, I'd go to the latter. It's warmer during winter.

A) I am going to go somewhere hot.

B) I haven't decided whether to go to Bodrum or to Side yet.
C) Not the usual place that I go to. It is terrible.
D) My brother will reach a decision on it, discussing with his friends.
E) Which one do you recommend? Uludağ or Didim?

3) Erkin : Let's go to the theatre tonight.

Funda : Sorry, I've got lots of things to do.
Erkin : ____________
Funda : Maybe.

A) I'm sure you finished all your chores.

B) I'm not ready, either.
C) Can it be possible to go next week?
D) Don't you like theatres?
E) May it be possible to go tonight?

4) Alice: Why are you in such a hurry? You haven't even finished your breakfast.
Albert: I must be at the meeting hall at 9.
Alice: But you told me that the meeting would start at 11 o'clock
Albert: Yes, ____________.

A) I want to go there before anybody arrives

B) I would rather be there on time
C) but Jim called me last night to say that it would start at half past nine
D) there might be traffic congestion and I may not be able to get there before eleven
E) I will drop in at Jim's and we'll go together
5) Süha: I wonder why Nur hasn't come back yet.
Canan: ____________
Süha: She just went to the corner shop to buy a few chewing gums.
Canan: Don't worry. She may have met a friend of hers and might be having a few words
with her.

A) She is always punctual, as far as I know, isn't she?

B) You shouldn't have let her go out alone she is a girl of just six years old.
C) We are fond of our children and we take good care of them.
D) How dare she go out at such a late hour?
E) Where did she go?

6) James: Where is your friend who you introduced to me when I last came here?
Robert: ____________.
James: Why is that?
Robert: He was caught taking some devices here in the office to his home and was
given a sack.

A) He has just been transferred to another branch

B) Because of low pay, he resigned from the position here
C) He no longer works here
D) He hasn't turned up yet. He may have overslept
E) He was promoted to the general manager position

7) Meryl: I have heard on TV that it will rain tomorrow.

Jim: Come on! ____________
Meryl: Don't worry. It's just spring. There will be many sunny days ahead for that.

A) I needn't water the flowers in the garden then.

B) We were thinking of going for a walk in the country.
C) Why do you always bring bad news to me?
D) I should remind dad to take his umbrella, then.
E) Why do we have to stay inside and wait until it ceases?

8) Alan: Can you help to fill in this from, please?

James: ____________
Alan: I'm applying for a job in the new department store.
James: Sure, I will, then.

A) I'm sorry, not now, but perhaps some other time.

B) Haven't you been rejected by that store yet?
C) In what way would you like me to help you?
D) I think you are literate enough to read and write.
E) What are you going to do with it?
9) Man: Excuse me, but where is the manager's office?
Secretary: ____________
Man: It doesn’t matter. I have come here to make some repairs.
Secretary: Then I will show you the way. Follow me, please.

A) It is on the top floor, and the lift is out of order, sir.

B) I am sorry but he is out at the moment
C) You must have come to the wrong address, sir.
D) Have you come here to talk to him personally?
E) Wait a minute, please. I’ll check your name in the visitors’ book.

10) Stan: Why have your let your grandmother out on her own?
Jessica: Is there something wrong? She has just gone out to buy a few things from the
shopping centre nearby.
Stan: ____________.
Jessica : Then, I am going out to find her right away.

A) She has epilepsy and may have an attack any time

B) She doesn’t know the surroundings, but she is clever enough.
C) It is predicted that it will rain tomorrow
D) You must not forget to thank her for the gifts
E) The workers will go on a strike in that factory

11) Raisa: We are going to the mountains for a two-week camping. ____________
Ted: I cannot. I cannot without television or papers.
Raisa: But you’ll feel refreshed and much stronger when you come back to the city.
Ted: Thank you anyway for such an invitation. I’d rather not come.

A) I think you can keep an eye on our house while we are away.
B) Which mountain will we set up our tent?
C) But you will be busy with your work.
D) You’ll regret about it later if you don’t come.
E) And I am sure you can recommend us where to go.

12) Cedric: Don’t forget to pack some spare rolls of film in the suitcase for the camera.
Robert : ____________.
Cedric : Well, that is okay then. You never know what we might want to photograph while
we are away.

A) I am only taking one film – the bag is full of clothes

B) There is no way we will run out of them. I’ve put in more than enough
C) I’II put the film next to the flight tickets so that we don’t lose it
D) There were far too many, so I left some behind for when we get back
E) We need two more cases for all the stuff you want to take
13) Susan: How long have you known Rosie?
Greg: Ever since we were children together at school.
Susan: ____________
Greg: Not really. She keeps herself to herself, so we’ve never been so close.

A) Has she ever had a real boyfriend?

B) I didn’t know you can get angry with somebody so much.
C) I suppose you must know her very well, then?
D) Do you think she is as clever as people say she is?
E) That’s more than twenty years, isn’t it?

14) Edward : What was the problem with Alice yesterday? She seemed very
depressed.
Brian: ____________.
Edward: Oh what a pity! She’d been waiting for it for so long.

A) I think she is worried about exam results

B) Oh, you know Alice? She has just moved here
C) She’d just heard that her mother is ill
D) I am not sure I didn’t like to ask her
E) She was turned down for the promotion at work

15) Jim: ____________.

Thomas: Why is that? Have you made anything so gross?
Jim: Accidentally, I sold the share of our company at a lower price than possible and
caused loss of profit.

A) I am thinking of resigning from my job for a better- paid one

B) Because of mismanagement, our company may go bankrupt soon
C) You’ll be our manager if you keep working so efficiently
D) We had better embark on a new enterprise to expand
E) My likelihood of promotion in the company is in jeopardy

16) Kane: Why is there some water on the floor around the lavatory?
Is it you who poured it?
Michael: ____________. I noticed it a few minutes ago.
Kane: Then we should call a plumber to repair it.

A) No, there must be a leakage from the water pipe

B) It was just an accident. I broke the glassware water jug
C) Yes, I splashed it while I was washing my face
D) I must have left the tap open
E) Of course not. One of the children may have splashed it
17) Brian : There is a decay in your teeth if you are feeling pain. You should go to a dentist at
once.
Kevin : ____________ There is no possibility for it.
Brian: Maybe it is because you have grown so old. Deficiency of certain minerals may
also lead to such a problem.
Kevin: I think you’re right. I must have it checked immediately.

A) The one I went yesterday said that it is my wisdom tooth

B) I am too busy these days to spare any time for it
C) But I am conscious enough to brush them regularly
D) Is there anyone you can recommend to me?
E) I always pay enough attention to my appearance

18) Fred: _______________________

Darren: Thanks, but I don’t feel comfortable in the company of strangers.
Fred: It is up to you, but I assure that you will have fun should you come along.
Darren: I would rather stay alone. Besides, I have to revise my school notes.

A) Would you like to dine out this evening for a change?

B) I wish you could find a job and started earning your living.
C) If you don’t feel offended, I have to participate in a family reunion.
D) Our mutual friends will be celebrating their graduation. Shall we drop in for a
while?
E) One of my old school friends is giving a party. Why don’t you too come?

19) Brad: Can I give you a lift home?

Angelina: __________
Brad: I said, "Can I give you a lift home?"
Angelina: Isn't it out of your way?
Brad: No, it's on my way home.

A) Sorry but I didn't quite catch that.

B) Do you really want this?
C) I didn’t know you had a lift in your building.
D) You don’t really want to give a lift, do you?
E) Can you take me in your car?

20) Terry: Sometimes I cannot understand the way you behave, Harrison.
Harrison: Why? What have I done to make you feel like that?
Terry: ____________.
Harrison: I didn’t have any other alternatives, because she couldn’t have understood if I
had done it implicitly.

A) Your attitudes towards your friends are very rude

B) You cannot understand anything the first time it is told
C) You have really weird behaviours towards the people around you
 D) You shouldn’t have told your mother to go out of the room plainly
E) You are a teacher and you have to be a lesson to your students

21) “Actually, it has closed down, but I am going to take it from the supermarket.”

A) If you are going to town, could you please bring me a loaf from the baker’s?
B) As far as I know, the baker’s has closed down. Is that true?
C) Do you know where I can buy a loaf of bread now that the baker’s has closed down?
D) Where can I buy a loaf of bread at this time tonight?
E) When did you learn that the baker’s closed down?

22) “She restores broken china. She's even fixed vases for museums.”

A) What is your father doing in the days of retirement now?

B) Since when has your mother been restoring broken china vases?
C) How often does your mother restore broken china vases?
D) My mother is a chemist. What about yours?
E) Is it possible to learn whether your mother can fix my broken ornament or not?

23) “Yes, the situation is certainly serious. If something isn't done, they will easily fall into the
wrong hands.”

A) I think nuclear power is the most economical option after all, what about you?
B) Do you know that many terrorist organisations are trying to make or buy nuclear
weapons?
C) Are you aware that a new epidemic is spreading through India?
D) Do you know that there have been more protests in Germany, even students are on
strike?
E) Why do you think there aren't enough facilities for people in wheelchairs?

24) “Just the washing-up, but I'm allergic to the liquid.”

A) Why don’t you wear rubber gloves while you are doing the washing-up?
B) How can I prevent my hands from becoming red while doing the washing-up?
C) Do you know the reason why your hands become very red while doing the washing-
up?
D) Your hands look very red. What have you been doing?
E) Have you ever tried wearing rubber gloves while doing the washing-up?

25) “Well, it seems that he's certainly taking the part very seriously then.”

A) Do you know Greg had an operation last week and the doctors shaved all his hair?
B) Is it true that Greg has shaved all his hair since being bald is fashionable these days?
C) You can swim faster if you don't have any hair, can’t you?
D) I heard that Greg spilt glue over his hair and for that reason he shaved all his hair,
didn’t you?
E) Isn’t it surprising that Greg’s shaved all the hair off his head for the role of a bald man
in a play?
26) “Unfortunately, I haven’t, but Kurt probably has.”

A) Have you got Simon’s e-mail address?

B) Do you have the telephone number of Susan?
C) I don’t know how to send this letter to Simon, do you?
D) How can I learn Simon’s e-mail address?
E) Can you guess where my mother put the paper on which Simon’s e-mail address is
written?

27) “You can view it this afternoon, if you are free.”

A) May I have a look at the house you have offered me tomorrow morning?
B) Have you got any house closer to the town?
C) When would it be convenient for me to have a look at the flat you say?
D) Is the house you have suggested furnished or unfurnished?
E) A house in a more central area is more acceptable, I think, don’t you agree?

28) “I haven’t decided, yet – but certainly I will find somewhere to put them in my house.”

A) Do you think we have enough room for that big carpet?

B) Exactly how much money did you spend on all of this stuff?
C) Do you think you could show me the shop you got them at?
D) Hey, what are you planning to do with these carpets?
E) This carpet will provide a different atmosphere for my bedroom, won’t it?

29) “I just couldn’t stand the stress any more.”

A) Could you advise me a place where I can go for my holiday this summer?
B) What made you decide to resign from your job at the computer shop yesterday?
C) Do you think you could help me choose a dress to wear to the party?
D) How can I avoid taking in salt even though I like it very much?
E) I can’t understand what makes me so drowsy these days, can you?

30) “I am not sure, but as far as I know he was for two years.”

A) Do you know the reason why he was made redundant?

B) How long didn’t Martin work after he had to resign from the job of accountancy?
C) When did Johnson stop working at this company?
D) Do you know how many days has Tom been unemployed?
E) How long was he unemployed after he had been dismissed from the job?

31) “I don’t, but by my close friends’ account, she caught the sun and she is having a rest at
home for the time being.”

A) I couldn’t see Susan in yesterday’s meeting, could you?

B) Do you know what has become of Lara?
 C) Have you met Jasmine recently?
D) Where is Carol’s new home?
E) Do you know where Donny has moved her new home?
E) ÇEVİRİ BÖLÜMÜ

Bu bölüm öğrencilerin kolaylıkla çözdüğü ve genelde hiç sorun yaşamadığı bir bölümdür. Ancak
bazı kalıplara dikkat etmeden soruya yaklaşılırsa bu tür sorularda sorun yaşamak kaçınılmazdır.
Tabiki bu sorularda dikkat edilecek hususların başında şunlar gelmektedir:

Verilen cümlenin mutlaka fiili bulunmalı ve daha sonra seçeneklere gidilmelidir.

The context of a word is the setting in which the word occurs in speech or in writing.

A) Bir kelimenin konteksti o kelimenin konuşmada ya da yazımda bulunduğu konumdur.

B) Bir kelimenin anlamı kullanıldığı cümleden kolaylıkla tahmin edilebilir.
C) Bir kelimenin bulunduğu konuşma ya da yazı o kelimenin kontekstini gösterir.
D) Bir kelimenin konteksti o kelimenin kullanıldığı yerdir.
E) Bir kelimenin konteksti o kelimenin geçtiği herhangi bir makale anlamına gelmektedir.

Sıfat cümleciğinin çevirilerine dikkat edilmelidir

Bir cümlenin İngilizcedeki parçaları : Özne + yardımcı fiil + asıl fiil + Nesne + Yer + Zaman
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 ( 2 3 4 5 6 ( = which, that, who //// 3’ün çevirisi -en, - an
4 ( 1 2 3 5 6 ( = which, that, who, whom //// 3’ün çevirisi –dığı, -diği
5 ( 1 2 3 4 6 ( = where, preposition of place (yer ilgeci) + which //// 3’ün çevirisi –dığı, -diği
6 ( 1 2 3 4 5 ( = when, preposition of time ( zaman ilgeci) + which //// 3’ün çeviris –dığı, -diği

Kuzey İrlanda, Birleşik Krallığın ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır; ancak, 1920’de İrlanda’nın Yönetimi
Yasası’na konmuş olan hükümlere göre, yarı özerk bir yönetime sahiptir.

A) Northern Ireland constitutes a major part of the United Kingdom even though, according to
the Government of Ireland Act of 1920, it is governed semi-autonomously.
B) According to the terms of the Government of Ireland Act of 1920, Northern Ireland makes up
a significant part of the United Kingdom despite the fact that its government is semi-
autonomous.
C) Northern Ireland is an integral part of the United Kingdom, but, in accordance with the
provisions made in 1920 in the Government of Ireland Act, it has a semi-autonomous
government. Doğru cevap C
D) Northern Ireland is regarded as an essential part of the United Kingdom and, under the
terms of the Government of Ireland Act of 1920, is administered by a semi-autonomous
government.
E) According to the provisions made in the 1920 Government of Ireland Act, Northern Ireland,
which is an inseparable part of the United Kingdom, has a semi-autonomous administration.
(verilen cümleye göre seçenek yalnış çünkü verilen cümlede böyle bir sıfat cümleciği yok)

İsim cümleciğin çevirilerine dikkat edilmelidir.

X = { 1 2 3 4 5 6 3’ün çevirisi –mesi, -ması

Zihinsel bozuklukları olan bir hastanın hızlı bir şekilde sıkıntılarının üstesinden gelebilmesi
romantik şarkıların sayesindedir.

A) If a patient with mental disorders is expected to recover from his disturbances in a short
period of time, he should be given music therapy.
B) A patient with mental disorders can be treated by applying romantic music therapy.
C) It is with the assistance of romantic songs that a patient with mental disorders can
quickly get over his disturbances.
D) Romantic songs help a patient with mental disorders get rid of all his disturbances in a short
period of time.
E) It has recently been proved that romantic songs provide a certain treatment for a patient with
mental disorders.

Bağlaçların çevirilerine dikkat edilmelidir.

Bir çocuk gökyüzünün neden mavi olduğunu sorduğunda, sizden bilimsel bir açıklama değil
tatmin edici basit bir açıklama bekler.

A) When asking why the sky is blue, a child expects not a scientific explanation from you but a
simple satisfactory one.
B) When asking why the sky is blue, a child expects not just a scientific explanation from you
but a simple satisfactory one as well.
C) When asked why the sky is blue, a parent should explain both scientifically and satisfactorily.
D) A child’s curiosity about the sky’s blueness should be met in both a satisfactory and a
scientific way.
E) The reason why a child asks why the sky is blue is that he wonders about scientific matters.

Gramer kitaplarında pek anlatılmayan bazı yapıların çevirilerine dikkat edilmelidir.

Historians see archaeological excavations more in terms of the revelation of hidden values than
an ordinary exploration.

A) Tarihçilere göre, arkeolojik kazıların önemi gizli değerlerin gün ışığına çıkarılmasından
anlaşılabilir.
B) Çoğu tarihçinin söylediğine göre, arkeolojik kazılar sayesinde gizli değerler gün ışığına
çıkarılır.
C) Tarihçiler arkeolojik kazıları sıradan bir araştırmadan çok gizli değerlerin açığa çıkarılması
olarak görmektedir.
D) Tarihçiler, arkeolojik kazıların sıradan bir araştırmadan ibaret olmadığını ve gizli değerlerin
açığa çıkarılması bakımından önemli olduğunu iddia ederler.
E) Tarihçilerin araştırmaları sonucunda, arkeolojik kazıların gizli değerlerin açığa çıkarılması
bakımından önemli olduğu ispatlanmıştır.

Exercises

1) Devletin başta gelen görevi, kanuna uyan insanların suçtan korunmalarını garanti
etmektir.

A) The first responsibility of a state has to protect the law-abiding people from crime.
B) The essential duty of the state is ensuring law-abiding people protection from crime.
C) First of all, it is the duty of the state to ensure law-abiding ones to protect from crime.
D) The inevitable duty of states is that they have to ensure that law-abiding people
protecting from crime.
E) The first duty of the state is to ensure that law-abiding people are protected from
crime.

2) Hava kirliliği insanın zararlı kimyasal maddeleri kullanmasının bir sonucudur ve hem
gelişmekte olan hem de sanayi ülkeleri için ortak bir tehlikedir.

A) With the heavy use of dangerous chemicals, there is the common danger for
developed and other countries that the air is polluted.
B) The result of man’s ambition with the use of chemicals is causing air pollution in the
developing and developed countries.
C) Air pollution is the result of man’s use of chemicals and is a common hazard in both
industrial and developing countries.
D) Air is heavily polluted by people using chemicals in developed and underdeveloped
countries.
E) That men use chemicals results in air pollution and it present dangers for people
everywhere.

3) Hiç kimsenin verilen görevi bitirmeden işini bırakmasına izin verilmemektedir.

A) We cannot let anyone here to stop his work without completing the task given.
B) No one is allowed to quit his job without fulfilling his assigned duty.
C) Nobody is able to resign his job without our permission and before finishing his work
first.
D) In no way can anyone stop working before we get our work fulfilled.
E) There is no way anybody can leave work unless he fulfils the work he is doing.

4) Today’s cities are faced with many serious problems, most of which are caused by
massive migration.

A) Günümüzün şehirleri, toplu göçlerden kaynaklanan ciddi sorunlarla karşı

karşıyadırlar.
B) Günümüzde toplu göçlerin getirdiği sorunlar bugünkü şehirlerin karşı karşıya kaldığı
ciddi meselelerdir.
C) Pek çok sorunla karşı karşıya olan günümüz şehirlerinin bir diğer ciddi sorunu da
toplu göçlerdir.
 D) Bugünkü şehirlerimiz, toplu göçlerle beraber gelen pek çok ciddi sorunla yüzleşmek
zorundadırlar.
E) Bugünün şehirleri, çoğuna toplu göçlerin sebep olduğu pek çok sorunla karşı
karşıyadır.
5) The unceasing applaud showed how content the audience was with the last speaker.

A) Ardı arkası kesilmeyen alkış, dinleyicilerin son konuşmacıdan ne kadar hoşnut

olduğunu gösterdi.
B) Dinleyicilerin çok hoşuna giden konuşmacı hiç durmaksızın alkışlandı.
C) Dinleyiciler son konuşmacıyı o kadar çok beğendiler ki onu hiç durmadan alkışladılar.
D) Ardı arkası kesilmeden alkışlanan son konuşmacı dinleyiciler tarafından çok
beğenilmiştir.
E) Dinleyiciler hiç durmadan alkışlayarak son konuşmacıyı ne kadar beğendiklerini
gösterdiler.

6) By the year 1991, there will be 3,5 million people who are 75 years old or over in England
and Wales.

A) 1991 yılına kadar İngiltere ve Galler’in 75 yaşında ya da daha yaşlı insan nüfusu 3,5
milyon olacak.
B) 1991 yılından beri İngiltere ve Galler’de yaşayan 75 ya da üzerinde 3,5 milyondan
fazla insan olacak.
C) 1991 yılında İngiltere ve Galler’in 75 yaşında ya da daha yaşlı 3,5 milyonluk yaşlı bir
nüfusu olacak.
D) 1991 yılına kadar İngiltere ve Galler’de 75 ya da üzeri yaşta 3,5 milyon insan olacak.
E) 1991 yılından sonra İngiltere ve Galler’de 75 yaş ya da üstünde 3,5 milyon insan
olacaktır.

7) Öğrenciler üniversitede derslerin büyük bölümünün çok soyut olduğunu ve bu yüzden

kendilerini iş dünyasına hazırlamadığını iddia ediyorlar.

A) The great majority of university students argue that they are taught very abstract
subjects, which are useless in business life.
B) Students claim that university subjects are very abstract and therefore don’t prepare
them for business life.
C) During their university education, students aren’t prepared for business life, as most
of their courses are abstract.
D) A great number of university students believe that university subjects are too abstract
for them to prepare for business life.
E) Most students think that university courses are far from preparing them for business
life because of their abstract nature.

8) Üç hafta önce annemden aldığım mektuba henüz cevap vermedim.

A) It’s three weeks since I received a letter from my mother but I haven’t written to her
yet.
B) The letter I sent to my mother took three weeks to reach there.
C) I haven’t had a reply to the letter I sent to my mother three weeks ago.
 D) I haven’t yet replied to the letter I received from my mother three weeks ago.
E) I sent a letter three weeks ago, yet haven’t received a reply to it yet.

9) Beni büyüleyen şey evin kendisi değil, çiçeklerle dolu küçük bahçesiydi.

A) What fascinated me was not the house itself, but its small garden full of flowers.
B) It was the tiny garden full of flowers that made the house look so attractive to me.
C) I was charmed by the small garden with its various flowers, not by the house itself.
D) The garden with magnificent flowers in it was really attractive, but the house wasn’t.
E) The garden, full of flowers, attracted me more than the house did.

10) Televizyonun yararlı olduğunu savunanlar, televizyon yoluyla dünyada neler olup
bittiğinden anında haberdar olduklarını söylüyorlar.

A) The argument that television is useful is supported by those who say that it allows us
to become aware of what is going on in the world immediately.
B) That it allows us to become instantly aware of what is going on in the world is an
argument employed by those who say that television is useful.
C) Those who argue that television is useful say that, through television, they instantly
become aware of what is going on in the world.
D) The way television makes us instantly aware of what is happening in the world is an
argument in favour of its usefulness.
E) The argument that through television one becomes instantly aware of what is going
on in the world is used by those who say that television is useful.

11) The complexity of our present day society has increased the need for guidance and
counselling.

A) Rehberlik ve danışmanlık günümüzün karmaşık toplumunda en çok gereksinim

duyulan şeydir.
B) Toplumun karmaşıklığı günümüzde rehberlik ve danışmanlığı gerekli kılmıştır.
C) Günümüz toplumun karmaşıklığı rehberlik ve danışmanlığa olan ihtiyacı artırmıştır.
D) Günümüzde rehberlik ve danışmanlığa olan gereksinimin artması toplumun karmaşık
yapısından kaynaklanmaktadır.
E) Toplumun giderek daha karmaşık bir hal aldığı günümüzde rehberlik ve danışmalığa
olan gereksinim büyümüştür.

12) To most sociologists, the term family refers to persons related by blood, marriage or
adoption, and who share a common residence.

A) Sosyolojik olarak aile, kan, evlilik ya da evlat edinme yoluyla birbirine bağlanmış, aynı
ikametgâhta yaşayan insanlardan oluşan topluluktur.
B) Çoğu sosyologa göre aile terimi, kan evlilik ya da evlat edinme yoluyla bağlanan ve
ortak bir ikametgâhı paylaşan kişileri anlatır.
C) Sosyologların ifadesine göre, aile terimi sadece kan, evlilik ya da evlat edinme
yoluyla bağlı olanları değil, aynı ikametgâhta oturan kişileri de kapsar.
 D) Çoğu sosyolog, aynı ikametgâhta oturmasalar bile, kan, evlilik veya evlat edinme
yoluyla birbirlerine bağlanan insanların aile oluşturduğunu savunur.
E) Sosyologların tanımına göre, aile bireyleri, kan, evlilik ya da evlat edinme yoluyla
birbirlerine bağlıdır ve ortak bir ikametgâhı paylaşırlar.
13) He is a little hesitant as to whether he will be able to cope with such a huge project on his
own.
A) Tek başına bu kadar büyük bir projenin üstesinden nasıl geldiği merak konusudur.
B) Onun, bu kadar büyük bir projenin üstesinden gelebileceği konusunda tereddütleri
var.
C) Projenin çok büyük olması, onun tek başına başarabileceği konusunda tereddütler
yarattı.
D) Böyle büyük bir projeyi tek başına üstlenmeye cesaret edip edemeyeceği merak
ediliyor.
E) Böyle büyük bir projenin üstesinden tek başına gelip gelemeyeceği konusunda biraz
tereddütlüydü.
14) Economic stagnation and unemployment constitute the main problems of many
developing countries.
A) Ekonomik durgunluk ve işsizlik, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde daha birçok soruna neden
olmaktadır.
B) Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin pek çok sorunu, ekonomik durgunluk ve işsizlikten
kaynaklanmaktadır.
C) Ekonomik durgunluk ve işsizlik, gelişmekte olana pek çok ülkenin başlıca sorunlarının
oluşturmaktadır.
D) Ekonomik durgunluk ve işsizlik, pek çok gelişmekte olan ülkenin yaşadığı ciddi
sorunlardır.
E) Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin temel sorunları ekonomik durgunluk ve işsizliktir.
15) irketin 10. kuruluş yıldönümünü kutlamak için gelecek hafta çok büyük bir parti
verilecek.
A) The tenth anniversary of the firm’s foundation will be celebrated with an immense
party next week.
B) It’s the tenth anniversary of the firm’s foundation next week, so a big party is going to
be held to celebrate it.
C) In order to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the firm’s foundation, a huge party will
be held next week.
D) The firm’s foundation anniversary is celebrated every ten years, with an immense
party, and this year’s will be held next week.
E) The firm is going to hold a huge party next week to celebrate the tenth anniversary of
its foundation.
16) Hayatla başa çıkabilmek için, sorunlardan kaçmak yerine onlara göğüs germeyi
öğrenmek zorundasın.

A) You shouldn’t escape from your problems but face them so that you can cope with
life.
B) In order to cope with life, you have to learn to face problems rather than escape from
them.
 C) I advise you to face your problems instead of escaping from them; otherwise, you
can’t cope with life.
D) The conditions of life require you to face your problems, not to escape from them
E) You are obliged to be strong enough to face your problems in order not to be
overcome by the hardship of life.
17) Birkaç kişinin itirazına rağmen çoğunluğun desteğiyle teklifimiz kabul edildi.

A) Although a few people objected to our proposal, we managed to have the majority’s
support.
B) We had our proposal accepted with the majority’s support, although there were a few
who objected.
C) There were only a few objections to our proposal, so it was accepted with the
majority’s support.
D) Our proposal was accepted with the majority’s support, despite the objections from a
few people.
E) Apart from a few people who objected to our proposal, we had the majority’s support.

18) Aralarında yıllardır süregelen düşmanlık yüzünden her iki aile de kötü etkilendi.

A) Both families were badly affected when the hostility between them lasted for years.
B) Because it has been going on for years, the hostility has had really bad effects on
both families.
C) The hostility between the two families continuing for years has affected them badly.
D) The hostility between the two families had really bad effects, as it lasted for years.
E) Both families have been badly affected by the hostility going on between them for
years.
19) In today’s economy, the development of products and services depends significantly
upon the transfer of technology from research institutions into commerce and industry.

A) Günümüz ekonomisinde teknolojinin ürün ve hizmetlerde önemli ölçüde kullanılması,

ticaret ve sanayi ile araştırma kurumlarını birbirine bağlamıştır.
B) Bugünün ekonomisinde iyi hizmet ve kaliteli ürün, önemli ölçüde teknolojinin
araştırma kurumlarından ticaret ve sanayiye aktarılmasına bağlanır.
C) Günümüz ekonomisinde hizmet ve ürünlerin geliştirilmesi sadece araştırma
kurumlarından ticaret ve sanayiye aktarılan teknolojinin kullanılmasına
dayanmaktadır.
D) Günümüz ekonomisinde, ürün ve hizmetlerin geliştirilmesi önemli ölçüde, araştırma
kurumlarından ticaret ve sanayiye teknoloji nakline bağlıdır.
E) Bugünün ekonomisinde ürünler ve hizmetler, araştırma kurumlarından ticaret ve
sanayiye akan teknoloji sayesinde geliştirilmektedir.
20) The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing by 0.4 percent a
year because of the use of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal.

A) Petrol, gaz ve kömür gibi fosil yakıtları yoğun olarak kullanıldığından atmosferdeki
karbon dioksit oranı her yıl %0,4 artmıştır.
B) Petrol, gaz ve kömür gibi fosil yakıtlarının kullanılması, atmosferdeki karbon dioksit
miktarını her yıl %0,4 artırmaktadır.
 C) Petrol, gaz ve kömür gibi fosil yakıtlarının kullanımı yüzünden atmosferdeki
karbondioksit miktarı yılda %0,4 artmaktadır.
D) Atmosferdeki karbondioksit miktarı yılda %0,4 artıyor, çünkü petrol, gaz ve kömür gibi
fosil yakıtları bütün dünyada kullanılmaktadır.
E) Her yıl atmosferin karbon dioksit miktarındaki %0,4’lük artış, petrol gaz ve kömür gibi
fosil yakıtlarının kullanımından kaynaklanmaktadır.
21) A hero in myths is a man or woman commonly possessing powers far beyond those of
an average human, which enable him or her to perform some truly extraordinary,
beneficial deeds.

A) Mitlerde kahraman bazı sıra dışı, yararlı işler yapmasını mümkün kılan sıra dışı
güçlere sahip bir erkek ya da kadındır.
B) Mitlerde kahraman, onun bazı gerçekten sıra dışı, yararlı işler yapmasını sağlayan
sıradan bir insanınkilerin çok ötesinde güçlere sahip olan bir erkek ya da kadındır.
C) Mitlerde bir kişinin kahraman olabilmesi, sahip olduğu sıra dışı güçlerle yararlı işler
yapabilmesine bağlıdır.
D) Mitlerde sıradan insanın güçlerinden çok öte güçlere sahip olan erkek ya da kadınlar,
fevkalade yararlı işler yaparak kahraman olurlar.
E) Mitlerde anlatılan bir kahraman, sıradan bir insanınkilerden çok farklı güçleri olan ve
bunlarla sıra dışı yararlı işler yapan bir kadın ya da erkektir.

22) A work of literature is a creative, universal form of expression that addresses the
emotional, spiritual, or intellectual concerns of humanity

A) İnsanlığın duygusal, ruhsal ya da zihinsel kaygılarına hitap eden bir edebiyat eseri,
yaratıcı, evrensel bir ifade şeklidir.
B) Evrensel bir şekilde ifade edilebilen bir edebiyat eseri insanlığın duygusal, ruhsal ya
da zihinsel kaygılarına hitap eder.
C) Bir edebiyat eseri insanlığın duygusal, ruhsal ya da zihinsel kaygılarına hitap
etmekten ziyade, yaratıcı, evrensel bir ifade şeklidir.
D) Bir edebiyat eseri, insanlığın duygusal, ruhsal ya da zihinsel kaygılarına hitap eden
yaratıcı, evrensel bir ifade şeklidir.
E) Bir edebiyat eseri, insanlığın duygusal, ruhsal ya da zihinsel kaygılarına hitap ettiği
sürece yaratıcı, evrensel bir ifade şeklidir.

23) Duvarı olmayan zengin bir yer gördüğünüzde, bu zengin yerin fakir komşularıyla iyi
ilişkiler içerisinde olduğu çıkarımını rahatlıkla yapabilirsiniz.

A) It can be easily inferred from a rich place without a wall that the rich place gets along
with its poor neighbours.
B) If you confront a rich place that doesn’t have a wall around it, you can safely infer that
the rich place was on good terms with its poor neighbours.
C) When you see a rich place without a wall, you can safely make the inference that the
rich place was on good terms with its poor neighbours.
 D) One who has seen a rich place without a wall can easily claim that the rich place had
good relationships with its poor neighbours.
E) Having seen a rich place without a wall, anyone can easily allege that the rich place
was in harmony with its poverty-stricken neighbours.

F) PARAGRAF SORULARI BÖLÜMÜ

Paragraf sorularında, klasik olarak bahsedilen ifadeler hep paragrafı okuduktan sonra aklınızda
oluşturduğunuz şeyleri seçeneklere yansıtmanız olmuştur. Ancak paragrafında aynı gramer
sorularında olduğu gibi kendine has kuralları vardır. Bunları şu başlıklar altında toplayabiliriz:

Paragrafı okurken kelime grupları olarak zarf, sıfat ve fiillere dikkat etmemiz gerekmektedir.
Çünkü bizden istenilen bu kelime grupların ya eş anlamlısı olur, ya İngilizce anlamı olur ya
da zıt anlamlısının olumsuz hali olur.

Örnek: Non-fiction stories are concerned with real events and characters.

What is included in the non-fiction stories is not imaginary events and characters.

The main function of fictional works is to entertain readers.

Fictional works aim at enabling readers to spend their time joyously or pleasurably.

Unknown things arouse great interest in us.

We are interested in the things we are not familiar with.

Sınavlarda sorulan paragraf soruları, o soruları yazan kişilere göre değişiklik gösterebilir.
Özellikle kpds ve üds sınavlarında yöneltilen paragraf soruları bunu açıkça ortaya
koymaktadır. Dikkat edeceğimiz tek önemli unsur, cümleleri okurken sadece cümleleri
Türkçeye çevirmek değildir. Öğrenciler sadece Türkçeye çevirmektedir ancak bu cümleleri
akıllarında yorumlamamaktadırlar. Yapmamız gereken işlem çevirdiğimiz cümleye “demek
ki” ya da “yani” diyerek yorum yapmaktır. Çünkü bu soruları yazarken öğretmen arkadaşlar
da aynı şeyi yapmaktadırlar. Örnek verecek olursak;

Both students and teachers can easily understand a play without necessarily watching it
being played.

One can understand from the passage that not only the students but also the teachers don’t
have to watch the performance of the play if they want to understand it.

Parçada verilen cümlede necessarily ifadesi bize oyunları anlamak için illaki onların
sahnelenirken seyretmek zorunda olmadığımız çıkarımını sağlamaktadır.

Diğer önemli bir hususta, öğrencilerin sürekli kelime çalışması yapması gerekmektedir.
Kelime çalışması nedir? Okunulan her materyalde geçen zarf, sıfat ve fiillerin sadece Türkçe
anlamını ezberlemek değil, bu kelimelerin bizi asıl nereye götürdüğüne dikkat etmemiz
 gerekmektedir. Bu yüzden bir paragraf defteri tutmakta fayda vardır. Bu defterde, parçaları
konularına göre ayırmamız gerekmektedir. Örneğin, sanayi inkılabı ile alakalı parçayı
özetleyerek deftere yazılmalı ve arkasından bu parçada geçen kelimelerin listesi
yapılmalıdır. Bu sayede kelimeler aklımızda dosyalama sistemiyle kalacaktır ve aynı
zamanda bu kelimeler ile ilgili aklımızda cümle kalacaktır. Bir kelimeyi tek başına
ezberlememeliyiz.

Parçalarda verilen yüzdelik dilimler ve rakamsal ifadeler de çok önemlidir. Türkçe

paragraflarda paragrafın tamamı ile ilgili sorular sorulurken biz bir tek kelimeye göre soru
sorabiliriz.

%100 all/whole/entire/complete
%90 most/much/many
%75 more than half
%50 half
%25 less than half
%10 little, only a little, few, only a few, almost no
%0 no/none

Dikkat edecek olursak genellikle bu yüzdelik dilimler parçalarda verilir. Ve biz bunları
karşılarında yazan ifadelerle seçeneklerde veririz.

Örnek: In the community of Arabian ghettos, women carry the 90 percentage of burden at
home.
In Arabian ghettos, there are few things that men do at home.

Bu cümlede erkekler olmamasına rağmen biz doğru cevapta erkekleri veriyoruz çünkü evdeki
sorumluluğun yüzde 90 nını kadınlar yapıyorsa geriye kalan yüzde 10 nunu da erkekler yapar
çıkarımını yapabiliriz.

Sonuç olarak cümle üzerinde çıkarım çalışması yapmak gerekmektedir. Aşağıdaki

cümlelerde çıkarım çalışması yapabiliriz.

While walking along the river, he saw berries in the water. He dived down for them, but was
stunned when he unexpectedly struck the bottom. There he lay for quite a while, and when he
recovered consciousness and looked up, he saw the berries hanging on a tree just above him.

1) As the writer of the paragraph implies (suggest) that, One can infer (determine) from the
passage that, It can be easily inferred (suggested) from the passage that the man
couldn`t get the berries upon the river because __________ .

A) the berries are at the bottom of the river.

B) the man was paralysed for having bombed his head on the bottom of the river.
C) the man saw the berries reflected rather than actually floating in the water.
D) he didn`t know how to swim in a river.
E) he didn`t understand whether the berries were real or not.
2) A star very similar to the sun is one of the nearest star to Earth. That star is Alpha
Centauri, just 4.3 light-years away. Other than our own Sun, the nearest star to the Earth
is a tiny red star, not visible without a telescope, called Proxima Centauri.

A) Proxima Centauri is similar to the Earth’s Sun.

B) Proxima Centauri is the furthest star to the Earth.
C) Alpha Centauri is invisible from the Earth.
D) Proxima Centauri is less than 4.3 light-years from the Earth.
E) Proxima Centauri is larger than the star Alpha Centauri.
3) A metal-worker of 3,000 years ago would recognize virtually every step of the lost-wax
process used to cast titanium for jet engines.

A) Titanium has been forged for thousands of years.

B) The lost-wax method of casting is very old.
C) Metal working has changed very little in 3,000 years.

4) When apple growers talk about new varieties of apples, they don’t mean something
developed last month, last year, or even in the last decade.

A) Apple growers haven’t developed any new varieties in recent decades.

B) Some varieties of apples can be developed in a short time, but others take a long
time.
C) New varieties of apples take many years to develop.

5) Blood cholesterol used to be thought of as a problem only for adults.

A) Blood cholesterol is no longer a problem for adults.

B) Only children have a problem with blood cholesterol.
C) Blood cholesterol affects both adults and children.

6) Compared with the rest of its brain, the visual area of a turtle’s brain is comparatively
small since turtles, like all other reptiles, depend on senses other than sight.

A) No reptile uses sight as its primary sense.

B) Animals that depend on sight all have larger visual areas in their brains than turtles do.
C) The visual areas of other reptile brains are comparatively smaller than those of turtles.

7) That composer Philip Glass is more interested in rhythm than in melody or harmony
becomes obvious when one listens to his works.

A) Most of Glass’s listeners prefer melody and harmony to rhythm.

B) It is not clear what Glass’s musical interests are.
C) Rhythm is more important in Glass’ works than melody or harmony.

8) Illegible handwriting does not indicate weakness of character, as even a quick glance at
the penmanship of George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, or John Kennedy reveals.

A) Washington, Roosevelt, and Kennedy all had handwriting that was difficult to
read.
 B) A person’s handwriting reveals a lot about that person.
C) The author believes that Washington, Roosevelt all had weak characters.

With William Shakespeare, English drama reaches its greatest heights. Despite many stories
surrounding him, facts about his life are few. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon, where his
birthplace has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in Britain. In 1582, he married
Ann Hathaway, by whom he had three children. Of the next ten years of his life we know very
little. For reasons unknown to us, he set off for London to become an actor and try his hand at
play-writing. His attempts, apparently, were successful enough, for in 1598 he is referred to as
one of England’s leading dramatists.

1) As is pointed out in the passage, William Shakespeare __________.

A) obviously gained a great success in play-writing as a result of his endeavours in London

B) departed from London in 1592 in order to try his chance at play-writing
C) fell through his trials at play-writing in London
D) realised his ambition to become a successful playwright but was not recognized by the
critics
E) was exposed to many criticisms by the leading dramatists in those days

2) One can easily understand from the passage that ____________.

A) the presence of Shakespeare helped Stratford-on-Avon become the most popular tourist
attraction
B) Shakespeare couldn’t take his place among pioneer dramatists though he made many
attempts
C) there are many rumours about Shakespeare’s life and much is unknown about him
D) during the late 17th century, Shakespeare proved to become the most popular dramatist
E) Shakespeare clearly got married more than once during his life-span

3) Much of the passage is devoted to _______.

A) the reasons why Shakespeare chose London to try his chance at play-writing
B) the period of English drama in the early 15th century
C) how Stratford-on-Avon became a tourist attraction
D) the criteria Shakespeare took into consideration while writing his plays
E) the biography of William Shakespeare and his contribution to English drama
During the second half of the 18th century, the stability of the Augustan Age was gradually lost in
a period of social change and growing unrest. The Industrial Revolution was turning England
from an agricultural nation into an industrial one, and large numbers of farm workers were forced
to seek employment in the new factories in the towns, which often resulted in long hours and
miserable working conditions for those who were lucky enough to find a job there and poverty
and wretchedness for those who were not. The period of industrialisation brought wealth and
prosperity to the country at large, but the enthusiasm with which it was received by some people
was not shared by all.

4) It is clear from the passage that during the transition from Augustan Age to Industrialisation
period, ___________.

A) the farmers didn’t have any trouble adapting to the conditions of industrial age
B) both the employed and the unemployed suffered from the disturbance in one form or
another
C) a great majority of farmers were lucky to find a job in the factories
D) the social unrest could be settled with the aid of new factories
E) the rank of all the farmers was raised to a higher level

5) It is suggested in the passage that between the year 1750 and 1799 ________.

A) there happened an abrupt change in the social structure

B) all people were leading their lives by working in the factories during the Augustan Age
C) the healthy system of the Augustan Age was spoilt step by step because of the
alterations in the society
D) the farming-based system was available under the Industrial Revolution
E) many farmers were made redundant by the authorities under the Industrial Age rule

6) The writer of the passage argues that _____.

A) the abundance of money made all the people content in the Industrial Age
B) during the Augustan Age new factories were merely erected in England
C) the amount of unemployment was highly low during even early Industrial Age
D) not everybody was satisfied with the conditions of Industrial Age
E) a large number of people were made redundant in the late Industrial Age
It started out to be a simple exploratory operation. Then, suddenly, the patient’s heart stopped.
Her brain waves started levelling off. The medical team immediately began emergency treatment
to try to start the heart again. At last the chief surgeon announced that the patient had died.
Minutes later, much to almost everyone’s amazement, the “dead” patient came back to life. Her
heart started, and her brain waves began to assume normal patterns. Later she told the doctors
that she had been fully aware of everything that had happened while “dead”. She believed that
she came back to life because she wanted so badly to live longer. She said death was not
frightening, but she wasn’t ready to go yet. The experts admit that they have no satisfactory
explanations for these near-death experiences (NDE).

7) As it is pointed out in the passage, the astonishment of the surgeons during the operation
____________.

A) was caused by the mere fact that the patient’s heart stopped beating
B) is not an uncommon situation all over the world
C) is partly due to the revival of the patient
D) turned into the feeling that some miraculous hand gave life to the dead patient
E) was still lasting even though ten years passed after the date of the operation

8) One can easily understand from the passage that only a few surgeons during the operation
________.

A) were able to explain satisfactorily how the patient could turn back to life
B) believed that the patient really died
C) knew how to resurrect a dead body
D) carried on the operation after the chief surgeon declared the death of the patient
E) did not get surprised by the fact that the patient turned back to life from death

9) It is clear from the passage that the experts ___________.

A) do not have any explanations about the phenomenon of NDE

B) were all relieved when the patient informed that death is not frightening
C) finally found out how to resurrect a dead person after that operation
D) have some explanations about NDE that are not based on a reasonable stem
E) all changed their prejudices about the phenomenon of NDE
Perhaps you think of Pinocchio's Blue Fairy, the Good Witch of the West from “The Wizard of
Oz”, or Peter Pan's “Tinkerbell” when you imagine a fairy. But in fact, fairies don't like to be seen
by people at all. These tiny creatures can appear and disappear in the blink of an eye. You may
never know if you've seen one or not! But you can be sure of one thing: there is a wealth of
fascinating myth about these little people who can vanish at will.

10) It is suggested in the passage that fairies ___________.

A) want to appear in the sight of people in Peter Pan’s Tinkerbell

B) enjoy being observed by people very much
C) have existed from the very beginning of the universe
D) are thought to be beneficial to human beings thanks to Pinocchio's Blue Fairy
E) are notorious for causing the sleeping patterns of people to be spoilt

11) The writer of the passage tries to assure us that ___________.

A) what is told about the presence of fairies is a certain reality

B) there are many fallacies about fairies’ being able to disappear whenever they want
C) there is a lot of information about fairies, all of which can be regarded as accurate
D) the unique resource about the fairies is available in “The Wizard of Oz”
E) fairies are known to be invaluable friends for the human being

12) It is apparent from the passage that fairies __________.

A) are striking creatures that move very slowly

B) are rather different from ghosts in that they want to help people very much
C) never refuse to accept any offer coming from children
D) are creatures that are too small to be noticed
E) have taken their places only in stories or films
The environment is something you are very familiar with. It's everything that makes up our
surroundings and affects our ability to live on the earth—the air we breathe, the water that
covers most of the earth's surface, the plants and animals around us, and much more. In recent
years, scientists have been carefully examining the ways that people affect the environment.
They have found that we are causing air pollution, deforestation, acid rain, and other problems
that are dangerous both to the earth and to ourselves. These days, when you hear people talk
about “the environment”, they are often referring to the overall condition of our planet, or how
healthy it is.

13) As it is stated in the passage, such problems as air pollution, deforestation and acid rain
__________.

A) constitute a jeopardy for not only the earth but also the human beings
B) merely led to the extinction of some certain animal species
C) prove how indifferent we have become to the innovations made by the scientists
D) are the most important issues that scientists are dealing with these days
E) have already deteriorated most of our environment very much

14) It is implied in the passage that when influencing our environment, _________.

A) we only place a harmful impact on the freshness of water

B) we effect important strides in the general condition of the earth
C) we also give harm to the plants and animals around us
D) we become responsible for the destruction of most of the vegetation
E) fortunately, we do not induce much harm to other things in it

15) This passage is mainly concerned with _________.

A) how the water is being polluted by the people

B) why some animal species have gone extinct
C) what people mean while talking about “the environment”
D) the known condition of air we inhale now
E) the general meaning of the word “environment” and how it is affected
Basque language is the tongue of uncertain relationship spoken by close to a million people,
most of whom live in North-East Spain and some of whom reside in South-West France. The
language has eight dialects. Speakers of Basque are for the most part bilingual, and there are
many Basques who do not speak the language. Basque is definitely not an Indo-European
tongue. Some scholars believe it is descended from Aquitanian, which was spoken on the
Iberian Peninsula and in South Gaul in ancient times. Other linguists think Basque is akin to the
Caucasian languages and suggest that its speakers came from Asia Minor to Spain and Gaul
c.2000 B.C.

16) On reading the passage, we can easily say that ____________.

A) Basque language is widely spoken by the people living in France

B) there is no idea on the origin of Basque language approved by all the scholars
C) the number of people speaking Basque language was very high in the past
D) Aquitanian language is thought to have derived from Basque language
E) people living in South-West France no longer use the Basque language

17) It is clear from the passage that _________.

A) Caucasian languages are proved to be rather different from Basque language

B) more than one million people speak Basque language all over the world
C) Basque certainly takes the place in the group of Indo-European tongue
D) the eight dialects of Basque language are rather different from one another
E) a majority of Basques do not use their native language

18) One of the points made about the Basque language is that ___________.

A) people speaking Basque language are cut off from the world in terms of communication
B) people living in both North-East Spain and South-West France dislike speaking Basque
language
C) we know for certain that it does not originate from Indo-European group
D) the origin of Basque natives is Spain and Gaul
E) the number of people who speak Aquitanian language is almost one million
It’s easy to understand how a bird can fly – it’s lightweight and has wings. But how does a huge
airplane get off the ground? The plane’s engine pushes the plane forward. As it moves, air
flowing around the wings creates lift. The lift increases as the plane gathers speed. The plane
takes off once there’s enough lift to overtake gravity. When the plane is in the air, thrust from the
engines incessantly pushes the plane forward.

19) The writer of the passage points out that ___________.

A) speed is the main factor in enabling a huge airplane to fly

B) only the engine helps an airplane to take off
C) a airplane can take off even without speeding on the ground
D) the flying of birds inspired the manufacturers to produce an airplane
E) all the birds don’t need to speed up while on the ground

20) According to the writer of the passage, ___________.

A) nobody has extensively analysed how a bird can fly so far

B) how a big airplane can fly cannot be explained as simply as how a bird can fly
C) the way a bird can fly is entirely similar to the way an airplane can fly
D) how a huge airplane can fly is still a mystery for everybody
E) all bird species are not subject to the phenomenon of gravity

21) It is clear from the passage that while in the air, a plane __________.

A) constantly feeds on the force of its engine

B) does not benefit from its engine
C) makes use of its engine on and off
D) adjusts the power of its engine according to the amount of clouds
E) glides with the help of wings after stopping its engine
Early in the morning on October 12, 1492, a sailor looked out to the horizon from the bow of his
sailing ship, the Pinta, and saw land. After 10 long weeks at sea, from the port of Palos, Spain,
Columbus and his crews saw the New World. The following day, 90 crew members from
Columbus's three-ship fleet set foot on the island of Guanahani in the Bahamas and planted the
flag of their sponsors, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. Columbus continued his
exploration, discovering other lands. The first Columbus Day celebration in the United States
took place on October 12, 1792 – 300 years after his first discovery – but it still wasn't an official
holiday for another 100 years. Days commemorating special events like Columbus Day or
birthdays of famous leaders, like Martin Luther King Jr., become national holidays and help us
remember the important contributions these individuals made to our country.

22) According to the passage, it is wrong to say that ____________.

A) Columbus and his crew had a voyage lasting seventy days before they reached the land
B) Columbus could reach the land of America soon after he saw it
C) King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain supported Columbus in his researches
D) Columbus decided to direct his ships to the New World after he saw the land
E) Columbus found the other islands after he set foot on the island of Guanahani

23) The underlined word in the passage is closest in meaning to __________.

A) reminding
B) remembering
C) rewarding
D) recollecting
E) discussing

24) One can understand from the passage that the Columbus Day _________.

A) has been celebrated by the American people for approximately 300 years
B) has brought more benefit to America than the things that Martin Luther made
C) was the time when the American citizen had had an official holiday
D) has an importance not entirely understood by the American government
E) was accepted as a formal holiday for the American citizen to celebrate in 1892
Eschatology is a doctrine concerning life after death and the final stage of the world. The origin
of this doctrine is almost as old as humanity; archaeological evidence of customs in the Old
Stone Age indicates a basic concept of immortality. Even in early stages of religious
development, speculation about things to come is not wholly limited to the fate of the individual.
Such devastating natural phenomena as floods, conflagrations, cyclones, earthquakes, and
volcanic eruptions have always suggested the possibility of the end of the world. Higher forms of
eschatological thought are the product of a complex social organism and an increased
knowledge of natural science. Often myths of astrological origin, the concept of retribution, or the
hope of deliverance from present oppressions provided the material or motive for highly
developed eschatologies.

25) As it is clear in the passage, Eschatology ____.

A) provided the early human beings with the way of continuing life forever
B) has recently been approved by the scientists as a field of study
C) is derived from the idea of immortality according to the archaeological studies
D) contributed much to the development of new ideas in both astrology and science
E) is entirely confined to natural science

26) It can be easily understood from the passage that the natural phenomena which
demolish the surrounding ______.

A) were tried to be explained with the field of Eschatology, but failed

B) are going to cause the human being to become extinct according to Eschatology
C) do not have any relationship with the field of Eschatology
D) are not religious themes but natural problems
E) were thought to bring life on the earth to end

27) According to the paragraph, the more people know about the natural science, ______.

A) the more they are interested in the varieties of Eschatology

B) the less they are enthusiastic about the concept of Eschatology
C) the higher they reach the rank in the society
D) the more certain they have become about the accurate existence of Eschatology
E) the more accurate results they have in Eschatology
"Why is My Loyalty Questioned?" has been asked by people at different times during America's
history. They're surprised that others might wonder if they are loyal to the country that they
choose to live in and have always loved and supported. After the attack on Pearl Harbour during
World War II, Japanese Americans were discriminated against as they were put into relocation
camps simply because of their ethnic background. Later, they proved their loyalty by
volunteering to defend America, the very country that mistreated them. It's hard to imagine that it
could still happen today. Since September 11th, 2001 lots of people question Arab Americans
just because some terrorists are Arabs. We learned that good people are good people no matter
what their cultural background is.

28) It is stated in the passage that people who have somehow chosen to live in America
____.

A) have tried to give many harms to the country

B) think that the quality of being loyal to the country is of great importance
C) have been constantly questioned by the government about their loyalty for many years
D) cannot understand why they are asked whether they are faithful in the country or not
E) share the same opinion about being loyal to the country with the ones who have just
moved in

29) We learn from the passage that Japanese Americans _____________.

A) refused to defend America since they were treated badly by the citizen there
B) have never had the opportunity to prove their loyalty to America
C) had to battle against the Arabs in order to show their loyalty to America
D) have always been singled out just like the Arabs throughout the history of America
E) were sent to relocation camps after the attack on Pearl Harbour during World War II

30) This passage is mainly concerned with ______.

A) the fact that the foreigners in America have been asked about their loyalty
B) the event that Arab Americans betrayed the United States of America
C) the fact that Japanese Americans were treated wrongly throughout the history of America
D) the difference between Arab Americans and Japanese Americans
E) the reason why Japanese Americans were discriminated in America
William Blake is the English poet, painter, and engraver, who created a unique form of illustrated
verse; his poetry, inspired by mystical vision, is among the most original in the language. Blake,
the son of a hosier, was born in London, where he lived most of his life. Largely self-taught, he
was, however, widely read. As a child, Blake wanted to become a painter. He was sent to
drawing school and at the age of 14 was apprenticed to James Basire, an engraver. After his 7-
year term was over, he studied briefly at the Royal Academy, but he rebelled against the
aesthetic doctrines of its president, Sir Joshua Reynolds. Blake did, however, later establish
friendships with Henry Fuseli, whose works may have influenced him. In 1784 he set up a print
shop; although it failed after a few years, for the rest of his life Blake hardly earned his living as
an engraver and illustrator.

31) ) As it is mentioned in the passage, William Blake ________.

A) intended to become a painter, but had to abandon his purpose in 1784

B) is chiefly famous for his career as an engraver and painter
C) almost completely gained the knowledge by himself
D) created a new style in the structure of painting
E) was taught nothing by the people around him

32) It can be inferred from the passage that at the age of 21, William Blake _________.

A) succeeded in opening a print shop and made great profit from it

B) started to lead his life on his own by selling his masterpieces in poems
C) could become very rich only when he started to sell his poems
D) had to work for James Basire, an engraver for seven years
E) attended the Royal Academy for a short time

33) According to the writer of the passage, Henry Fuseli’s works ______.

A) are likely to have made changes in the way Blake thought and behaved in those days
B) are the main reason why William Blake quit going to the Royal Academy
C) were the source of inspiration for Blake to create new poems
D) caused Blake to yell against the aesthetic doctrines of the Royal Academy’s president,
Sir Joshua Reynolds
E) certainly affected William Blake in any way
Bibliography is stemming from “the writing of books”, originally, the writing or copying of books;
since the mid-18th century, the word has come to mean a list of books or other forms of written
material on a subject, or the technique of compiling such a list. Certain kinds of information are
supplied in a bibliography: authors, titles, editions, and dates and places of publication; style of
type, book size, and other physical characteristics may also be included. Frequently,
bibliographies are annotated, that is, brief notes indicating the subject treated or commenting on
the usefulness of a book are appended. Bibliographies, essential to scholars and those involved
professionally with books—collectors, librarians, and dealers—can be useful sources of
information for all serious readers.

34) According to the paragraph, it is obvious that “the writing of books” ____.

A) has lost its basic meaning and merged into a new form of content
B) has been converted a little with the addition of the interpretation “list”
C) towards the first half of the 18th century, shaped into a new form
D) has uniquely included extra meanings such as “list, copy and other forms”
E) has gained great significance after the second half of the 18th century

35) It is implied in the passage that Bibliographies, rarely, _____________.

A) comprise of the rendering of the information and benefit about the books noted down in the
major book
B) give purely the names of the book, authors, titles, editions, and dates and places of
publication; style of type, book size, and other physical characteristics
C) are in lack of the sufficient explanation about the biography of the authors whose book has
been held as an example
D) find it sufficient to mention the essential information on the resources by which the readers
can easily reach at those books
E) do not refer to the origin of the resource because of the fact that it covers much place at the
back of the trace
36) One can easily understand from the passage that the main benefit of the bibliographies
________.
A) is to lead all the expert readers to the resource of finding the biography of the authors of the
trace
B) is to arouse all the people absorbed in reading these traces to make more crucial study on
the subject they are interested in
C) is to shuffle all the documents related with the substantial theme of the subject, which is
obligatory for the writer
D) is to convey the real intention of the writer; by the way, he can easily get through his aim
E) is to provide the readers to help themselves to have a pause in this life and think about the
subject they are reading on

G) DURUM SORULARI BÖLÜMÜ

Anahtar sözcükler bu soru türü için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler durum
sorularında verilen durumun sonlarına doğru verilen ifadelerdir. Bu tür soruları öğrenciler
genelde doğru cevaplar ama bir kaç soruda sıkıntı yaşanmaktadır. Peki öğrenci bu tür sorularda
ne zaman hata yapar?

Eğer verilen durumun tamamına hâkim olmazsa, seçeneklerde verilen çeldirici seçeneklere
takılabilirler.

Eğer verilen durumdaki anahtar sözcüklere ve bunların anlamlarına dikkat etmez ise yine
seçeneklerde yer alan duruma uygun gibi görünen seçeneklere takılabilirler.

Eğer “Modal verb” konusunda verilen “would mind” ifadesine dikkat edilmez ise yine yanılgıya
düşebilirler.

Anahtar sözcükleri aşağıdaki başlıklar altında toplayabiliriz:

Belirleyici fiiller: recommend, urge, request, suggest, advise, offer, admit, deny, threaten,
encourage, discourage, persuade, convince, dissuade …etc.

Belli başlı zarflar: plainly, bluntly, implicitly, politely, hesitantly, openly, explicitly …etc.

Yapısal özelliği olan kalıplar: say together with mutual friends, exclaim in an explanatory
manner, arouse sympathy in somebody, in response, uneasy / worried about sth, in return, in
turn, as a way of sharing your feelings, say in delight, in a complaining manner/style/way

Aşağıdaki durum sorularına bir göz atalım.

1) You are doing some research for a geography homework on Norway's fjords. So you go to
the library and ask the librarian there for assistance:

I've found two books on Norway's fjords, but they are very out-of-date.
There is not a single book on Norway's fjords in this library!
Can you help me to find some material on the coastline of Norway?
I'm rather disappointed to find you have so little material on Norway and its fjords.
If you'd given me a little assistance when I came in, I would easily have found these books on
the fjords of Norway.
2) Your mother finds you looking through several travel magazines. She knows you're longing to
go to some exotic place for a holiday and wishes you could. So, as a way of sharing your
feelings, she leans over your shoulder and says quietly:

I wish you were a bit more adventurous. When I was your age, we used to go camping!
All these holiday resorts in faraway countries are quite beyond anything we can afford.
You are wasting your time with these magazines. It's time you grew up and became realistic.
If we really had plenty of money, where would you go for your dream holiday?
I don't think these places are nearly as exotic as the magazines suggest.
3) Some of your friends are planning to go to the cinema. They are planning to meet outside the
cinema at around 5 o'clock and go in together. You would like to join them but there is a
possibility that you won't be able to go and you don't want the others to wait for you if this is the
case. So, you say:

A) I really don't think I'll be able to come; but I'll try.

B) I probably can't get there until well after 5 o'clock. But do wait for me.
C) If I'm not there by 5 o'clock it will mean I'm not coming, so you go on in.
D) We really don't need to meet at 5 o'clock. The film doesn't start till half-past.
E) We will meet promptly at 5 o'clock and not wait for late-comers.

4) One of your classmates left all his pens and pencils at home. Before the lesson, he asks you
whether you would mind if he used one of your pens to take notes. Giving your permission,
you say:

A) Of course not. Go ahead.

B) Yes, sure. I need it myself.
C) How stupid of you to do the same again and again.
D) There is no point in even begging me for it.
E) I can lend you some money to buy one from the bookstore.

5) One day, you go to a shoe-store to buy a brand-new pair of sport shoes and you want the
shop assistant to display all the fashionable models and after a while, the shop assistant says
that he has become bored since you don’t even say anything about either of the models; in
response, you underline that you are rather careful about the selection of sports shoe-
wearing, so you say:

I think red-coloured sport shoes fit my style very well.

I have just decided not to buy any sport shoes from this shop nor will I suggest this shop to my
friends.
I think there is another shop here and there that has wide variety of sport shoes, isn’t there?
As a choosy person, I take my time while analysing the models in mind.
If you talk to me like that, I cannot make my mind and I cannot choose the suitable sport shoes.

6) Your friend, Andy locked herself in after she lost her most favourite pet and she hasn’t gone
out for a week and in addition, she doesn’t talk to anybody even on the phone. One day when
you telephone her, an answering system comes on instead of Andy herself. You become really
angry with her because of her pointless behaviour, so leaving a message you say:

A) Andy! Isn’t it high time you got rid of that meaningless behaviour?
B) Andy, it is your close friend speaking. Please call me up when you take this message.
C) I really feel pity for your lovely cat but you cannot go on your life like that, can you?
D) Where have you been recently? It is almost ages since I haven’t heard about you.
E) Andy, I am coming next to you right now with a lovely cat and I am sure you will like it.

7) One night, your brother awakens you in a manner of great fright and he states that he has
seen a nightmare in which you died in the accident, and he therefore warns you not to travel with
your own car tomorrow. You feel that his fear is complete nonsense, so you say plainly:

A) Please calm down, my darling. Let’s talk about that tomorrow morning.
B) These nightmares may happen at any time, my darling. You shouldn’t exaggerate it.
C) Oh dear! That is really foolish of you to see such ridiculous nightmares.
D) I can understand you very well, but I have to sleep right now and as you know, I have long
journey tomorrow on.
E) Don’t worry my dear! Everything is okay, actually. I will go and turn back safe and sound.

8) One of your friends has asked to help him choose a second-hand car and you feel that he is
not aware of the terrible experience you had when you bought a second-hand car last year and
for that reason, in a surprised manner you say:

A) You can be sure that I am the very person you can ask for guidance in that matter.
B) What me! I think I should be the last person to be consulted with on that subject.
C) If you take my word for it, you should look for second-hand cars in another city.
D) You should have bought a brand-new car instead of a second-hand one.
E) I am satisfied with the second-hand car I bought last year.

9) As a group of actors and actresses, you have long been rehearsing a play named “The Wolf
and The Miracle” and it is time to perform it on the stage, and after the performance you ask
your director whether the play will be watched by many spectators in the days to come and he
responds by stating that it is too soon to be sure about the success of play, so he says:

You have just got the praise of that audience and you will be much better later.
It's early days yet. We don't know if the play will be a success.
To be honest with you, all of you were really excited on the stage.
You were horribly successful on the stage and you make great fortune out of this.
As can be understood from the amount of applause, this play will be successful in the near
future.

10) While having a conversation with one of your friends on the new machines that are being
produced almost every day, you mention that these new machines come out in such a rate that
you find it hard to adapt to them day by day, so you say:
A) I think some new machines that have recently been produced are useless.
B) I cannot understand the reason why old machines are being renewed these days.
C) There are many machines that seem to be useful, but in fact they aren’t.
D) It is increasingly difficult for me to keep up with the new machines.
E) In order to learn how new machines work reliably; we should read their manual books.

Exercises

1) A friend of yours returns to work after his father's funeral. You try to sympathize with him
and say to him:

A) Welcome back, Jack. I am sorry to hear about your father.

B) Your father is better dead than alive.
C) I hope you're feeling much happier now.
D) What kept you so long?
E) My father died, too. So I know how you must be feeling.

2) In a public library, you find yourself next to a young boy who is carving his initials on a
brand new table. Tell the librarian:

A) I'm really sorry for disturbing, but I think someone should talk to the boy who is carving
one of the tables.
B) In the library there is going to be a table which has initials of a boy.
C) Why not call a police? The boy over there is giving damage to public property.
D) Should you like to know what action you'll take? A boy in the next room is busy
carving a table.
E) Soon you'll find yourself with a table with a boy's initials on.

3) A friend who is notorious for unpunctuality arrives late again for a date with you,
apologizing profusely as usual. Reply to comfort him:

A) You are notorious for your unpunctuality, aren't you?

B) My watch must be slow again, I think. I must have it checked by a clock-maker.
C) Don't worry. Real friends wait.
D) I suggest you try to learn to be punctual; otherwise you're going to lose all your
friends.
E) I shall appreciate your conveying my regrets and my "good-bye".

4) A holy festival is approaching, and you want to buy a present for your mother. But you
are unsure of what type of a gift is suitable for her, so you ask your brother:

A) Can you give me some money so that we can buy a valuable present for mum?
 B) How can we buy a present for mum?
C) What do you think is appropriate for mum as a present?
D) When should we give mum the present?
E) We'd better buy a priceless, but simple-looking gift for her.

5) On your way to school, your car stopped due to an inexplicable reason. You try to repair
it, but without success. You call a mechanic, but he asks you to explain the trouble. You
say to him:

A) I don't know how to fix it by myself.

B) I don't know exactly what the trouble is, but there must be something wrong with the
engine.
C) There is a trouble with the radiator. I can do it on my own.
D) You should come with certain tools in order to repair a gear-problem.
E) How can I mend it? Can you recommend me a manual for such an unexpected
trouble?

6) While preparing to go to school, you suddenly realize that you didn't do the assignment
given to you by the teacher. When you are asked about the reason, tell the teacher the
truth.

A) I know that I should have done it, but I didn't.

B) My parents insisted that we should go a family reunion, so I couldn't do it.
C) I was too ill to do it, sir.
D) There were a lot of unexpected guests and I had to help mum.
E) I'm sorry. I forgot that you had given the homework. So I didn't do it.

7) A friend of yours is in trouble with his math teacher. You advise him, instead of talking
behind him, to be more respectful and say:

A) You should stare at him whenever you see him.

B) Why don't you complain to your parents about him?
C) Never mind. He is a very conceited person.
D) He'll sooner or later notice your exceptional talents.
E) You'd better go and talk to him openly about the situation.

8) Telephone rings, and there is somebody on the phone who wants to talk to Mr. Soli. Yet,
you don't know anybody whose name is Soli. So you reply to the person:

A) I am sorry; there isn't anybody here by that name.

B) How can I help you?
C) Just a minute. I'll go and look his phone number up in the telephone directory.
D) How dare you call at such a late hour?
E) Sorry, but he is in deep asleep right now. Can you call again later?
9) You see a job advertisement in the paper. You call the company and ask for more
information about the qualifications needed for the position. So, you ask:

A) Can I talk to a more qualified person, please?

B) I wonder if you can tell me exactly how much you'll pay a month.
C) Is there an in-job training course for the applicants?
D) Could you give me more details about requirements expected from the candidates?
E) What sort of qualifications do you think this job will provide for me?

10) A friend is very worried about an interview tomorrow. Reassure her.

A) If I were you, I would feel just the same or maybe even worse.
B) Let me tell you about my first interview. It was really a tragedy.
C) Bet you are worried! I know you can't help it.
D) Stop worrying about that stupid interview. There are always others.
E) Honestly, I have a high opinion of you. You will be elected.

11) Your parent's don't approve of your going on a holiday with your friends. Trying to
persuade them to allow you, you say:

A) I promise that I won't swim away from the coast.

B) I can do the entire household chorus if you let me go.
C) You know that I am old enough to look after myself.
D) How stubborn you are. I wouldn't behave like that myself.
E) I have got driving licence. I can drive your car like a professional.

12) Your uncle has brought you a T-shirt as a present. Though it is a colour that doesn't
appeal to you, you're trying to show your gratitude. You say:

A) How kind of you to bring it for me. Thank you a lot.

B) I would rather you'd bought something with a lively colour.
C) How can you buy something awful like this?
D) You must have bought it for someone the same age as you.
E) At least you could have left me the choice of colour.

13) You have been accepted for a top position in a newly-founded firm. You want to let your
parents know about it. You call them and say:

A) You must know how I am feeling now after I've been turned down.
B) The moment I step into the company, I'll go and meet the manager.
C) You cannot imagine how happy I am. I will work as a manager in LCB.
D) How challenging it is to find a work in this country.
E) Can you come and help me to move to that city?
14) You have gone to a drama play with your friend. After a short while, you find it too
unbearable to watch till the end; so you say to your friend:

A) The main actor is actually giving the best performance.

B) The audience are very keen to watch every gesture.
C) How can you watch something so boring for two long hours?
D) We should wait and congratulate the players at the end.
E) Shall we leave now? Because it is too dull.

15) You're staying with a host family abroad. They offer you a dish you don't like. You want to
avoid eating it without offending them. You say:

A) I can't stand this food.

B) I've never eaten such an awful food.
C) Even the sight of this food makes me sick.
D) This meal has gone bad.
E) I am full. I don't feel like eating any more.

16) You want to invent your money profitably. So you wish to consult a friend of yours who is
an economist. You say to him:

A) I wish I could consult my knowledgeable friend.

B) I fully rely on your opinion on economic matters and ask you to advise me about the
new policy.
C) They say investment in stock exchange is the most profitable.
D) As an expert in economic matters, can you tell me how I should make the best use of
my money?
E) You should be able to comment on the investments made so far by our company.

17) You try to comfort a student who feels shy and, that is why, can't speak English in class.
You say:

A) You mustn't be so hesitant. Everybody has the same problem.

B) You should practise a lot when you are on your own.
C) Whenever you speak English, I cannot help laughing.
D) I wonder where you got such an odd accent.
E) The chairs in the classroom don't feel comfortable.

18) You are at the dentist’s for the first time and you think that it will give you a lot of pain to
have your tooth pulled out. While you are thinking about all this you hear the dentist’s
voice, saying that his work is over. You feel amazed at and grateful to his painless
service; you express it, saying:

A) You must be experienced enough in this job, as you have a good reputation among
your patients.
B) I will be grateful to you if you pull out my tooth without much pain.
 C) How often do you think I should brush my teeth?
D) I owe a lot to you. I though it would give me too much pain, which is the opposite of
what I have experienced.
E) You won’t cause much pain while you’re doing your work, will you?

H) UYMAYAN CÜMLE BÖLÜMÜ

Bu soru türü Türkçe sorularında da sorulmaktadır ancak Türkçe sorularını çözüğümüz gibi bu
soruları çözemeyiz. Herşeyden önce şunu aklımızdan çıkarmamalıyız; bu soruları yazarken biz
bir makalenin ilk paragrafını alırız bunu dört cümleye indiririz, daha sonra bu makalenin diğer
paragraflarından bir cümleyi bu parçaya yerleştiririz. Bu da şunu göstermektedir: Uymayan
cümle anlam olarak parçaya uyar ancak yer olarak uygun değildir. Bunun için bu soruları
çözerken önerdiğimiz teknik şudur:

I --- II
II --- III
III --- IV
IV --- V

Bu tekniğin özelliği ise, her cümleyi kendi içerisinde değerlendirerek cümleler arasında
uyumsuzluk aramaktır. Yine en önemli ayrıntılardan biri de herhangi bir cümleyi atmadan önce
mutlaka sağlamasını yapmalıyız, yani II nolu cümle uymuyor gibi görünüyorsa, cevabı
işaretlemeden once I ile III nolu cümleleri okumalıyız. Ancak bundan sonra işaretleme
yapmalıyız.

Cümleler arasında uyumu ararken “paragraph completion” bölümünde anlattığım tekniklere

dikkat etmelisiniz.

Bu soru ile alakalı bir diğer konu ise, uyumsuz olan cümlelerin I ya da V nolu cümleler olmasıdır.
Eğer I nolu cümleyi atıyorsak, bu II nolu cümlenin paragrafın giriş cümlesi olduğunu kabul
etmemiz anlamına gelmektedir. Eğer son cümleyi atıyorsak IV nolu cümlenin paragrafın son
cümlesi olduğunu kabul ediyoruz anlamına gelir.

Son olarak şunu belirtmeliyim: Bazen bu sorularda beş cümlenin tamamı da öğrenciye uygun
gibi gelebilir. İşte bu durumda V nolu cümleye dikkat edilmelidir. Eğer son cümlede çoğul bir
ifade varsa, işte o zaman bu cümleye paragrafa uymaz çünkü bir paragraf coğul bir ifade ile
bitmez, mutlaka bunun arkası gelmesi gerekir. Örnek: There are many types of plants all over
the world. Bu cümlede biz, bu bitki türleri nedir diye sormak durumunda kalırız.

Aşağıdaki örneği inceleyiniz.

(I) Penicillin, the original antibiotic, was discovered in 1929 by Dr. Alexander Fleming. (II)
Fleming learned that penicillin had the ability to stop the growth of a colony of germs placed into
the same petri dish. (III) Other doctors and scientists expanded on Fleming's discovery. (IV)
Penicillin eventually became known as “the miracle drug.” (V) Based on this theory, many other
drugs were produced.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

Exercises

1) (I) Listening in class is not like listening to a TV program, listening to a friend, or even
listening to a speaker at a meeting. (II) The difference, of course, is that what is said in class
is vital to your success in the class. (III) Knowing how to listen can help you get more out of
what you hear, understand better what you have heard, and save you time in the process.
(IV) That aspect of learning clearly determines the importance of concentration during the
lesson. (V) Another significant point to listening during the lesson is that students are to
realize what points are of great importance.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

2) (I) In general, people believe that palm reading for males is based on the left hand and
reading for females is on the right hand. (II) Palm reading is a kind of ancient wisdom that
ever existed long before the emergence of Christianity in the West. (III) This is a
misconception and the logic is difficult to believe. (IV) Even though lines on both hands are
quite similar but the depth and length of them are not entirely identical. (V) In order to
foresee the future from a broader perspective, we need to take two hands as a whole for
more subtle analysis.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

3) (I) Face reading is not only for revealing one's personality, health condition, business
prospects and relationships. (II) It is also an integrated knowledge of biology, psychology as
well as statistics. (III) For that reason, face reading by itself is not sufficient in order to
understand the characteristics of a person. (IV) It is believed that what is in our mind will, as
time passes, be reflected in our faces. (V) Those with good hearts and minds will soon have
a more radiant and friendly faces.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

4) (I) Feng shui is a study of our surroundings that is closely related to what life would bring. (II)
Good or bad feng shui is a matter of Chi flowing in a specific area. (III) From feng shui
perspective, a balanced environment must be in harmony with the five elements that form
the Universe - metal, wood, water, fire, earth, each of which has its own position in a
particular area. (IV) This kind of philosophy enables one to draw positive points into one’s
life. (V) For example, an ideal home is supposed to have plants (wood) in the East,
something red (fire) in the South, TV or radio set (metal) in the West.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
5) (I) Lakshmi is depicted as a beautiful woman of golden complexion, with four hands, sitting
or standing on a full-bloomed lotus and holding lotus buds, which symbolize beauty, purity
and fertility. (II) In ancient times, it was a custom for the tribes to celebrate the birth date of
this god. (III) Cascades of gold coins are seen flowing from her hands, suggesting that those
who worship her will gain great wealth. (IV) She always wears red clothes embroidered with
gold. (V) Here red symbolizes activity and the golden lining indicates prosperity.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
6) St Valentine's Day is a kind of holiday dedicated to lovers. (II) The holiday probably derives
from the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalis (February 15). (III) It is celebrated on February
14 by the custom of sending greeting cards or gifts to express affection to a chosen partner.
(IV) The cards, known as valentines, are generally sent anonymously and are often designed
with hearts to symbolize love. (V) Originally a festival for shepherds, it was celebrated in
honour of Faunus.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

7) Thanksgiving Day is a legal holiday in the United States and in Canada, first celebrated in
early colonial times in New England. (II) The actual origin, however, is probably the harvest
festivals that are traditional in many parts of the world. (III) After the first harvest was
completed by the Plymouth colonists in 1621, Governor William Bradford proclaimed a day
of thanksgiving and prayer, shared by all the colonists and neighbouring Native Americans.
(IV) During the American War of Independence a yearly day of national thanksgiving was
suggested by the Continental Congress. (V) Gradually the custom prevailed in New England
of annually celebrating thanksgiving after the harvest.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

8) (I) The value that other people placed on us and that which we placed on ourselves had very
little to do with how well we did or how well we performed. (II) As adults we often believe we
must continually justify our place in the world. (III) By making a list like this we can
sometimes rediscover those very likable qualities about ourselves that we often take for
granted. (IV) Besides, we have to somehow prove to other people that we are worthy of their
esteem and through their eyes we can, therefore, prove to ourselves that we are really
valuable. (V) Often we spend excessive amounts of time doing that and we lose sight of the
basic fact that we are usually all right just as we are, in spite of the fact that we are not
perfect.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

9) (I) New Satellite imagery has sent excellent data that could prove the existence of Atlantis as
described by Plato. (II) For years, the question lurked "Is the story of Atlantis true?" but we
may soon receive enough information to actually confirm the answer. (III) Recent satellite
imagery revealed two rectangular structures and parts of concentric rings that may once
have surrounded them. (IV) Around 10-15 thousand years ago, Atlantis was a land of happy
joyous people. (V) It appears this region is actually located off the coast of Spain.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
10) (I) The Norman conquest of England in 1066 traditionally signifies the beginning of 200 years
of the domination of French in English letters. (II) French cultural dominance, moreover, was
general in Europe at this time. (III) French language and culture replaced English in polite
court society and had lasting effects on English culture. (IV) By the mid-14th century, Middle
English had become the literary as well as the spoken language of England. (V) But the
native tradition survived, although little 13th-century, and even less 12th-century, vernacular
literature is extant, since most of it was transmitted orally.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
11) (I) When you avoid making garbage in the first place, you don't have to worry about
disposing of waste or recycling it later. (II) Alternatively, you can throw the wastes away once
in a month. (III) Changing your habits is the key. (IV) Think about ways you can reduce your
waste when you shop, work and play. (V) There's a ton of ways for you to reduce waste,
save yourself some time and money, and be good to the Earth at the same time.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

12) (I) On one point everybody agrees; the works of William Shakespeare are the greatest works
ever written in the history of the English language. (II) They are so great, in fact, that they
shaped the language itself. (III) However, a controversy which has existed and apparently
even existed in his lifetime was: Who wrote Shakespeare? (IV) Before Shakespeare, English
was spoken in hundreds of dialects often not mutually intelligible. (V) Because of
Shakespeare, the writing system became uniform.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

13) (I) Digging into the history of the 7-day week is a very complicated matter. (II) The only thing
we seem to know for certain about the origin of the 7-day week is that we know nothing for
certain. (III) The common explanation is that the seven-day week was established as
imperial calendar in the late Roman empire and furthered by the Christian church for
historical reasons. (IV) There are practical geometrical theories as well. (V) Today the
seven-day week is enforced by global business and media schedules, especially television
and banking.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

14) (I) On 5 October 1960 an early-warning system warned the North American Aerospace
Defence Command (NORAD) of a massive Soviet nuclear missile strike approaching the
United States. (II) A computer fault was detected in time, but three days later the same error
occurred and again the bombers were put on alert. (III) What happened is that a fault in a
computer system had removed two zeros from the radar's ranging components. (IV) It was
detecting the missile attack at 4 000km (2,500 miles) away. (V) The radar was actually
detecting a reflection from the moon, located 400 000km (250,000 miles) away.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
15) (I) The cheetah is the fastest moving of all the land animals. (II) The cheetah usually prefers
to hunt alone, but the males sometimes hunt in packs. (III) It is capable of reaching a speed
of 70 kilometres an hour in just 2 seconds. (IV) When in pursuit of prey it can travel at a
speed of 100-127 kilometres an hour. (V) Moreover, it can keep up this speed for between
200 and 600 metres.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

16) (I) The Andes have been the base of many cultures. (II) The potato is considered to have
been a pillar of Andean culture since domestication. (III) Ritual ceremonies marked by
singing, dancing, and drinking still take place throughout the year to ensure a successful
harvest. (IV) Young men playfully drag young women across potato fields to make the land
fertile. (V) Cow horns and flutes are played to cheer on the plants and bring rains.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

17)(I) The weather effect known as El Niño occurs every few years and causes warming of the
Pacific Ocean near South America. (II) There are many other phenomena of nature which
affect the area. (III) It can have severe, often detrimental, effects on rainfall. (IV) Some
scientists are blaming this particular climate phenomenon for the current freak weather
conditions around the world. (V) However others say that El Niño hasn't properly started yet
and only affects the Southern Hemisphere - so there is no way it can explain the heavy rains
in Europe.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

18)(I) Psychologists in the educational system give most of their attention to counselling and
guidance. (II) They help students plan their school and work careers. (III) Educational
psychologists deal with the processes of teaching and learning. (IV) Teachers who have a
vast knowledge of psychology can understand their students better. (V) For example, they
may investigate new methods of teaching children how to read or to do mathematics, in
order to make classroom learning more effective

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

19)(I) Unlike what it is claimed, bees, wasps and snakes are responsible for far more deaths
each year than sharks. (II) This is the data compiled in the International Shark Attack File.
(III) Worldwide, sharks attack only about 50 to 75 people each year, and only 8 to12 of the
attacks are actually fatal. (IV) In the United States, the annual risk of being killed by a
lightning strike is some 30 times greater than the risk of death by shark attack. (V) In fact,
more people are killed driving to and from the beach than by sharks.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
20)(I) The small golden statue that is given as the Oscar Award shows a knight holding a
crusaders' sword, standing on a reel of film with five spokes. (II) Each spoke represents one
branch of the Academy: actors, writers, directors, producers and technicians. (III) Original
names of this statue included, 'the iron man', ' the golden trophy' and 'the Academy
statuette'. (IV) It wasn't until Academy librarian Margaret Herrick remarked that it looked like
her uncle Oscar, that the statue found its name! (V) But in today’s world there are other
awards which those involved in film-making want to win.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

I) PARAGRAF TAMAMLAMA BÖLÜMÜ

Not: Bu soru türünde, paragraftaki göstericileri iyi takip etmeniz önemlidir çünkü paragrafta her
cümlenin arkasından gelen cümleyle bir bağlantısı vardır.

1) Reference Markers (bağlantı işaretleri): This, that, these, those, other, another, such, the
2) Possessive Pronouns (aitlik bildiren ifadeler): His, her, their …etc.
3) Discourse Markers (Söylem belirteçleri): However, nevertheless, yet, consequently …etc.
4) Time expressions: Then (that time), in the meantime (meanwhile), nowadays …etc.

Reference Markers:

… . Of course there should be teachers at school with whom students can consult. These
counsellors help students practice social skills such as making introductions and making small
talk. …………..

……. . It’s a common fact that women are more careful than men while driving their cars since
they often carry their children. Because of this burden/responsibility, it’s hardly surprising that
the rate of accidents done by women is highly low. ………..

Discourse Markers:

………. . College can be very stressful because there are so many social and academic
challenges. That's why students may find it difficult to make friends or take part in campus
activities. …………

……. . The main task of counsellors is not only giving advice to the students. They also teach
students different techniques to fight social anxiety, such as taking deep breaths or relaxing the
shoulder and neck muscles. ………….

For example, For instance, As an illustration of these

Scientists around the world are developing the technology to make space tourism affordable.
The most important step is cheap and reusable spacecraft. Other plans are even more
adventurous. For instance, an American firm is planning to build seven space stations served
by 100 space shuttles.

Some expressions that Americans use show how much they value their privacy. For example,
when a person says, "I can do whatever I want in the privacy of my own home," she means that
in her personal life, she is free to act the way she chooses. When someone says, "People only
know what I want them to know about me," he means that he decides what to tell others about
himself and what to keep private.

Reason, cause, result

Americans believe that everyone has the right to act and think as an independent person
separate from any group. This is one reason why(This is because) privacy is very important in
the United States.

Users of the Internet can get information from all over the world. Such trend results in the
widespread usage of information that is exchanged from one person to another.

Thanks to the 20th-century battles for gender equity, there are more women in the workplace
and more men taking care of children and the home. The results of a national survey by
Harvard University show that gender equity is increasing. It also shows that modern life in the
United States creates stress for both sexes. Interestingly, 66% of the survey respondents said
that couples need two incomes.

Aşağıda verilen paragraftaki boşlukları verilen cümlelerle tamamlayınız.

_____(1)_____ .The following evening, there was a similar ceremony for Rizwan. The actual
marriage took place at Eastwood Hall in Glasgow and the couple arrived separately to the
serenade of a kilted piper. ‘I feel very Scottish as well as Asian,’ explains Rizwan. During the
ceremony itself, the couple were in different rooms — the priest went first to the bridegroom and
then to the bride to ask whether they had consented to the marriage. _____(2)____. A sit-down
meal of traditional Pakistani dishes was followed by speeches. Naila, now officially part of
Rizwan’s family, left with him for his family home where music and dancing continued into the
night. ______(3)_____ .

a) A ring-ceremony followed, in which Rizwan’s mother placed a golden ring on Naila’s finger
and Naila’s mother placed one on Rizwan’s. “Wearing rings is a western custom which
we’ve started performing, too,” says Rizwan.
b) The wedding celebrations started when 250 guests gathered to welcome Naila and mark
her hands with henna, the traditional greeting for a bride.
 c) The newly-weds stayed with Rizwan’s parents for a few days before leaving for a
honeymoon in Tunisia.

“Yukarıda verilen paragrafta bir nolu boşluğa ‘b’ de verilen cümle getirilmelidir çünkü boşluktan
sonra bir sonraki akşam ifadesi verilmiştir. Bunu destekleyecek cümle ‘b’ de vardır. İki nolu
boşluğa ise ‘a’ da yer alan cümle getirilmelidir çünkü olayın akışına göre boşluktan sonra bir
törenden bahsedilmektedir. Son boşluğa ise ‘c’de cümle getirilmelidir çünkü bu paragrafı
bitirebilecek cümle ‘c’ dedir.”

Exercises

1) During a trip to Asia in the early 1800s, a German merchant – it is said – noticed that the
nomadic Tartars softened their meat by keeping it under their saddles. _________. Then the
Tartars would scrape it together and season it for eating. The idea of pounded beef found its
way back to the merchant's home town of Hamburg in which cooks broiled the meat and referred
to it as Hamburg meat.

A) The main problem was how to prepare the ingredients of hamburger

B) Yet, how the word “hamburger” came into existence is still unknown to many people
C) There have been many attempts to find a suitable name for this meal
D) Their purpose was to make it suitable for putting the meat in between the sliced bread
E) The motion of the horse pounded the meat to bits

2) Almost all students feel a little uncomfortable or nervous when they have to speak in front of
others. ___________. Some students, however, become extremely nervous, or scared, before
they go to a social event or talk to a new person. They're usually afraid that they won't fit in with
the other people or that they'll say or do something to embarrass themselves.

A) In a new social situation, they often wish they could disappear

B) Fortunately, there are several ways to overcome this problem
C) It's also common to be a little nervous in a new social situation such as a party or a job
interview
D) Even students without social anxiety may have difficulty making friends
E) They are expected to focus on the other person during a conversation

3) Gothic romance is a type of novel that flourished in the late 18th and early 19th century in
England. _____________, and they were usually set against dark backgrounds of medieval
ruins and haunted castles. The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole was the forerunner of the
type, which included the works of Ann Radcliffe, Matthew Gregory Lewis, and Charles R.
Maturin, and the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.

A) During the 1960s so-called Gothic novels became enormously popular in England and the
United States
B) The influence of the genre can be found in some works of Coleridge
C) Popular practitioners of this genre are Mary Stewart, Victoria Holt, Catherine Cookson, and
Dorothy Eden
D) they were mysteries, often involving the supernatural and heavily tinged with horror
E) these novels usually concern spirited young women, either governesses or new brides

4) __________. For example, to do the “Ail-American Handshake”, you have to look into another
person's eyes, grasp his or her whole hand, and pump it two or three times. This is the
handshake of a good listener and trustworthy person. Politicians and salespeople often use the
“Two-Handed Shake” because it's extra-friendly. Two-handed shakers put their left hand on the
other person's arm or shoulder as they shake hands. This can feel too friendly to some people,
so it's best to use it with good friends.

A) It's possible that the people with these handshakes are embarrassed or shy
B) Watch out for people with handshakes that pull your fingers, or twist and crush your hand
C) It's hard to be successful without mastering a good handshake such as the “Ail-American”
D) According to an expert in sociology, you can change your handshake with lots of practice
E) The secret of the successful handshake is no secret anymore

5) Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and the mind. _______. The first is that
psychology is a scientific enterprise that obtains knowledge through systematic and objective
methods of observation and experimentation. Second is that psychologist’s study behaviour,
which refers to any action or reaction that can be measured or observed—such as the blink of
an eye, an increase in heart rate, or the unruly violence that often erupts in a mob. Third is that
psychologists study the mind, which refers to both conscious and unconscious mental states.
These states cannot actually be seen, only inferred from observable behaviour.

A) This definition contains three elements

B) But psychology is far more than the treatment of personal problems
C) Psychologists seek to answer a wide range of important questions about human nature
D) Psychology overlaps with other sciences that investigate behaviour and mental processes
E) For example, both psychology and sociology explore how people behave when they are in
groups

6) _______________. For example, many features of working in an organization can cause a

person to have a poor attitude about their jobs and organizations (that is, they feel bad about
their jobs and organizations), eg, inadequate compensation, conflicts with their supervisor,
inconsistent or conflicting communications from senior management, unfulfilling work, hostile
communications between employees, etc. Some people adopt a poor attitude because that is
their way "of being in the world," ie, they often resent their environment no matter what is going
on around them.

A) Some people feel poorly about themselves, which affects their attitude about their
environment
B) Some people work hard to keep a positive attitude
C) A person's attitude represents how they feel or their state of mind about something
D) People often have better overall health and can effectively address major challenges in the
workplace
E) When our successful or our good feelings are dependent upon others’ approval of us, we are
placing all of our value in someone else’s hands

7) Librarians are teaching in classrooms all over the world. A search of library literature reveals
articles on academic library instruction programs in Asia, Oceania, South America, Africa, and
Europe. This study will examine the 20th Century literature that explores academic library
instruction programs around the world with the exception of those in North America.
___________. As such, many relevant articles written in other languages have likely been
excluded.

A) The academic librarians were taking the lead in showing students how to search the World
Wide Web effectively
B) Instruction had been created to teach students how to use the integrated library information
system, based on a CD-ROM server
C) Examples of faculty-librarian cooperation and curriculum development from several
institutions were included
D) Academic library instruction programs in China have been written about on several different
occasions
E) Only those articles that are written in English from 1901-2000 indexed in ERIC or Library
Literature are considered

8) A luminous unidentified flying object was viewed in Portugal for over 25 minutes straight. This
UFO scare has put the Portugal Military on "UFO Alert". Many witnesses ranging from important
authorities to common citizens all report the same story. _______________. All cross-checks
turned up negative. There were no commercial, private, or military planes or crafts in the vicinity
of the sighting. Scientists agree, this could not have been a meteor or a fallen satellite in orbit.
A meteor would have traveled much faster, and descended quicker.

A) UFO sightings and stories have been increasing lately

B) The Portuguese weather service said there was no meteorological explanation for the
phenomenon
C) The authorities were unable to say what the object was
D) We all may be extremely surprised with events "yet to happen"
E) There have been many rumours as to where these objects came from

9) The Oldowan industry was named by British Kenyan anthropologists Louis Leakey and Mary
Leakey for early archaeological sites found at Olduvai Gorge in northern Tanzania. It is also
sometimes referred to as the chopper-core or pebble-tool industry. Simple stone artifacts made
from small stones or blocks of stone characterize the Oldowan industry. Mary Leakey classified
Oldowan artefacts as either heavy-duty tools or light-duty tools. ________________. Many of
these cores may have been produced to generate sharp-edged flakes, but some could have
been used for chopping or scraping activities as well.

A) In this classification, heavy-duty tools include core types such as choppers, discoids,
polyhedrons, and heavy-duty scrapers
B) Oldowan techniques of manufacture included hard-hammer percussion
C) Early humans probably also made tools from a wide range of materials other than stone
D) For example, they probably used wood for simple digging sticks, spears, clubs, or probes,
and they probably used shell, hide, bark, or horn to fashion containers
E) Unfortunately, organic materials such as these do not normally survive from earlier Stone
Age times, so archaeologists can only speculate about whether such tools were used

10) William Wordsworth was born on April 7, 1770, in Cockermouth, Cumberland, and educated
at Saint John's College, University of Cambridge. He developed a keen love of nature as a
youth, and ________. In the summer of 1790 he took a walking tour through France and
Switzerland. After receiving his degree in 1791 he returned to France, where he became an
enthusiastic convert to the ideals of the French Revolution. His lover Annette Vallon of Orleans
bore him a daughter in December 1792, shortly before his return to England. Disheartened by
the outbreak of hostilities between France and Great Britain in 1793, Wordsworth nevertheless
remained sympathetic to the French cause.

A) these works, although fresh and original in content, reflect the influence of the formal style of
18th-century English poetry
B) this work is generally taken to mark the beginning of the romantic movement in English
poetry
C) during school vacation periods he frequently visited places noted for their scenic beauty
D) Wordsworth, however, was not discouraged, continuing to write poetry that graphically
illustrated his principles
E) this introspective account of his own development was completed in 1805 and, after
substantial revision, published posthumously in 1850

11) ____________. During the 1970s, the entry into the work force of an unprecedented number
of women and of young adults born during the baby boom resulted in too many workers for the
jobs available and depressed wages. The decline of the middle also has something to do with
the explosive growth in world trade since 1960. As manufacturing technologies have become
more mobile, production jobs have migrated from the U.S. to countries where wages are low.

A) The high rate of unemployment caused by these trends has tended to drive wages down
further
B) The loss falls mainly on the worker who is displaced
C) The erosion of the middle of the labor market is easy to misinterpret, because its roots are
multiple
D) When a machine replaces a production worker, both the firm and consumers as a group
benefit
E) If that loss is generalized to millions of high-paid workers, they suffer as a group
12) Soccer — or football, as it is called by the rest of the world outside the United States — is
surely the most popular sport in the world. Every four years, the world championship of soccer,
the World Cup, is watched by literally billions all over the world, beating out the United States
professional football's Super bowl by far. It is estimated that 1.7 billion television viewers
watched the World Cup final between France and Brazil in July of 1998. __________.

A) Recently the New England Revolution beat the Tampa Bay Mutiny in a game played during a
horrid rainstorm
B) However, the story of the game was buried near the back of the newspaper's sports section
C) Those time-outs in the action are ideally made for television commercials
D) Anyone who has attended a live football game knows how commercial time-outs slow the
game and sometimes disrupt the flow of events
E) What’s more, it is also a genuine world championship, involving teams from 32 countries in
the final rounds

13) In the fickle world of cinema, there are very few names you can splash across a billboard to
ensure a film's financial success. Harrison Ford, perhaps, or Julia Roberts. George Lucas, if it's
a Star Wars movie. Tom Cruise seemed a cert till Eyes Wide Shut. ________. As a director, he's
the most successful of all time. His films have been so popular that people rush to see anything
known as A Steven Spielberg Production, even movies he merely financed.

A) These names will probably make you millions, but there's only one sure-fire guarantee -
Steven Spielberg
B) He was born Steven Allan Spielberg on the 18th of December, 1946, in Cincinnati, Ohio
C) His father, Arnold, was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers,
while mother Leah, a concert pianist, looked after the four children
D) The next couple of years Spielberg directed a couple of movies that would be foretelling to
his future career in movies
E) Spielberg has countless big grossing critically acclaimed credits to his name, both as
producer, director and writer

14) ___________. Both are war films, both dealt with lost causes. Gibson admits that he is
drawn to those kinds of stories. He says, “I find them compelling; the whole idea of when your
back's against the wall, where do you go and what have you got? I mean flesh and blood aren't
simply enough. It requires more, as it certainly did for these guys, to persevere and to come out
of it or not come out of it. I just find those interesting."

A) Mel Gibson is one of America's great actors, and on screen is as intense a performer as
anyone exists in Hollywood
B) Some might say that there is an irony to Gibson doing this film; his family moved to Australia
in order to escape the draft
C) Mel never went to the army, but instead headed off to drama school in Sydney, shared a flat
with one Geoffrey Rush
D) Before the film “We were soldiers”, Mel Gibson spent a lot of time with the real character “Hal
Moore”
E) From his two-decade old "Gallipoli" to "We Were Soldiers", it appears that Mel has come full
circle
15) The great metropolis of New York City is the nerve centre of the nation. ___________. Its
John F. Kennedy International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the world. New York is also
home to the New York Stock Exchange, the largest in the world. The convention and tourist
business is an important source of the city’s income.

A) New York Bay was first discovered in 1524 by an Italian-born navigator, Giovanni da
Verrazano
B) It is a leader in manufacturing, foreign trade, commerce and banking
C) Nearly all the state’s manufacturing is done on Long Island and along the Hudson River
D) For a short time, New York City was the capital of the United States
E) Among its famous residents have been many artists, scientists and politicians

16) Lamartine was a French poet who lived between 1790 and 1869. At school he learned
Greek, Italian and English, and was strongly influenced by the classics. ___________. From
1811 to 1819 he attempted to write an epic and several tragedies in the classical manner. Yet it
was as a lyrical poet that he achieved fame.

A) In general, the Romantic writers placed the individual, rather than society, at the centre of
their vision
B) The term Romantic Age is used to describe life and literature in Europe in the late eighteenth
and early nineteenth centuries
C) He was a great admirer of Petrarch, Shakespeare and Byron
D) The French Revolution, which he strongly supported, gave great importance to liberty and
equality
E) Like any Romantic, he believed in the possibility of progress and improvement for humanity

17) Stone sculpture is rare in Japan; there are some fine 7th-century examples in bronze and
clay, but bronze has never been very extensively used. ___________. Hence, it is to be noticed
that all the finest works of Japanese sculpture are made of wood. Even so, the Japanese are
generally considered to be better painters than sculptors.

A) Actually, wood is the only material which has been used in Japanese sculpture throughout its
history
B) There are a large number of relics of ancient Japan, such as baked earthen figures, which
may be called primitive sculpture
C) Some examples of 7th-century sculpture are preserved in the Japanese museums today
D) Early Japanese sculpture is very reminiscent in style of the Chinese sculpture of the 5th and
6th centuries
E) There was a great change in the form of representation in Japanese sculpture after the 10th
century
18) _________. There is a set schedule at school, but at home I do whatever I want. I have
deadlines for homework, though, and that can sometimes be very stressful, especially when
there are exams coming up. In my free time I like to relax by watching TV and reading. I prefer
reading but sometimes it’s just too easy to switch TV.

A) I’d much prefer a lecture to a textbook and can ask questions when you don’t understand
B) A sense of tranquillity is also significant in making life enjoyable
C) I tend to plan my spending according to a budget, and I try not to buy things in impulse
D) Generally speaking, my time isn’t very strictly organized
E) I tend to rush from one task to another, which I find stressful

J) YAKIN ANLAMLI CÜMLE BÖLÜMÜ

Eş anlamlısını bulmak ya da en yakın anlamı bulma sorularında soru çözüm tekniklerini

açıklamadan önce bir yalnış anlamayı düzeltmemiz gerekir. Verilen cümlenin birebir eşanlamlısı
bizden beklenmemektedir çünkü sorunun Türkçe açıklamasında sınavlarda “sorularda, verilen
cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz” ibaresi yer almaktadır. Buradan da anlaşılacağı üzere
verilen cümleye 5 seçeneğin içerisinde en yakın anlamını bulmamız gerekmektedir. Yani seçenekleri
kendi içerisinde değerlendirmemiz gerekmektedir. ÖSYM’nin yapmış olduğu ingilizce sınavlarına
baktığımızda bu bölümde öğrencileri zorlayan çeşitli sorular çıkmıştır, hatta öğrencilerin yalnış soru
olduğunu iddia ettikleri sorularda olmuştur. Çünkü cevap anaharlarında verilen seçenekteki cümle
öğrenciyi tatmin etmemektedir. Bunun da nedeni öğrencinin birebir eşanlamlı cümle beklemesidir. Bir
diğer sorun ise verilen cümlede yer alan kelimelerin eşanlamlısı ile soru çözme tekniğidir. Bu
şekilde sorulara yalnış cevap verilmesi büyük bir olasılıktır.

Örnek 1: Taste is the response to chemical stimulation that enables an organism to detect
flavours.

A) When an organism detects the flavours as a consequence of the chemical stimulation,

the resulting effect will be taste.
B) If an organism detects the flavours of anything, chemical stimulation will react to taste.
C) Soon after one tastes something, a chemical stimulation occurs throughout an organism.
D) Tasting something is a chemical stimulation, which leads to the detection of flavours by an
organism.
E) In order for an organism to detect flavours, a chemical stimulation is required to happen.

Örnek 2: Only the taste buds most sensitive to salty flavour are scattered evenly over the
tongue.

A) Over the tongue lie the taste buds which merely sense the salty flavours.
B) There are many taste buds over the tongue which solely detect salty flavours.
C) What is oddly distributed over the tongue is the taste buds most sensitive to salty flavours.
D) The taste buds that notice flavours other than salts oddly exist over the tongue.
E) There are taste buds over the tongue which decide whether the flavours are salty or not.

Örnek 3: He probably walked off with your dictionary, thinking it was his own.

A) He wouldn't have taken the dictionary if he had known it was yours.

B) There must be some mistake! He wouldn't take your dictionary without asking!
C) The dictionaries are all alike; he took yours thinking it was his.
D) He must have mistaken your dictionary for his, and that's not surprising.
E) It seems he went off with your dictionary, mistaking it for his own.

Exercises

1) Less is known about the cause of the common cold than about the causes of many more
serious diseases.

A) The causes of less serious diseases than the common cold are better known than it is.
B) We know less than we should about the causes of the common cold and more serious
diseases.
C) We know less about the common cold than we do about the causes of more serious
diseases.
D) The cause of the common cold is better known than the causes of more serious
diseases.
E) Common cold is better known than other serious diseases.

2) The manager is unwilling to say anything as he has not yet had the chance to consult his
legal adviser.

A) Until he is instructed in the legal aspects of the matter, the manager is keeping quiet.
B) The manager doesn't want there to be a law case, so he is saying nothing.
C) The manager's lawyer has advised him to keep absolutely quiet.
D) In consultation with his lawyer, the manager has decided to answer no more
questions.
E) The manager is referring all questions to his lawyer and answering none himself.

3) Owing to the poor visibility it took us ten hours, instead of the usual eight, to get to
Istanbul.

A) The lights of Istanbul were visible two hours after we set out on our journey.
B) Even though we ran into a lot of fog on the way to Istanbul the journey didn't take
much longer than usual.
C) We waited two hours for the fog to lift before driving on to Istanbul.
D) The fog meant that we reached Istanbul two hours later than would be normal.
E) It takes between eight and ten hours to drive to Istanbul, depending on visibility.
4) You would have won the essay contest if you had typed your paper.

A) You did not win the essay contest even though you typed your paper.
B) You did not win the essay contest because you did not type your paper.
C) You won the essay contest in spite of not typing your paper.
D) Typing your paper made you win the essay contest.
E) You should have typed your paper to win the essay contest.

5) Almost all teenagers go through a phase when they are completely irresponsible.

A) Adolescents spend a lot of time behaving irresponsibly.

B) The period when most people don't have any responsibilities is in their teens.
C) Nearly every adolescent experiences a period of total lack of responsibility.
D) Between the ages of ten and twenty most people are not given any responsibilities.
E) People in their teens are usually entirely without responsibilities.

6) No one thought that any good could result from discussing the situation further.

A) Everyone expected things to get better if they talked about them more.
B) Everybody believed it was useless to go on talking about the situation.
C) The more it was discussed, the worse everything became.
D) By extending the talks we all thought that things would improve.
E) There wasn't anybody that believed that the situation could be resolved through
talking.

7) I regret not taking more money on me while going shopping.

A) I wish I had taken more money on the way to the shops for shopping.
B) I am worried that I don't carry much money with me when I go shopping.
C) To my surprise I had to spend more money than I had expected.
D) If only I took more money whenever I go shopping.
E) I didn't take enough money, and as a result I couldn't buy all I wanted.

8) She made twice as many mistakes as I did in the exam.

A) She didn't study as much as I did for the exam.

B) She felt sorry for not being able to get a higher grade.
C) She made a few more mistakes than me in the exam.
D) The difference between her and me is that she studies less than me.
E) I made fewer mistakes than her during the exam.

9) Some of the passengers couldn't arrive at the meeting spot in time, which made it
possible for the bus to depart fifteen minutes later.

A) Some passengers were late and the others should have waited for them.
B) That some of the passengers were unable to arrive at the meeting place quickened
the departure time.
C) Some passengers missed the bus which left fifteen minutes earlier.
 D) The fact that some of the passengers were late for the departure time delayed the
departure of the bus for fifteen minutes.
E) Not all of the passengers were at the arranged spot, so the others were angry at
them.

10) The suspect said that he had nothing to do with the murder.

A) The person who was thought to have committed the crime didn't admit the murder.
B) The suspect claimed that he had nothing with which to commit the murder.
C) The suspected person denied that he had some sharp tools to commit the murder.
D) We were still sure that the suspect committed the murder with nothing on himself.
E) The suspect is still being questioned, as there are some blanks in the picture.

11) All the staff were surprised to learn that the most efficient worker had resigned.

A) Everybody in the company was puzzled by the most hardworking employee's decision
to quit working.
B) Nobody in the company had expected the most industrious worker to stop working.
C) The most skilled worker couldn't be persuaded to by his co-workers to go on working.
D) The company lost one of its most hardworking staff.
E) The company was sure that it would lose its competitive position after the most
efficient worker resigned.

12) The disease he's suffering is likely to be degenerative both to his physical and mental
state.

A) Any disease he's likely to have will improve him mentally but not physically.
B) His disease will probably have adverse affects on his mental and physical state.
C) Nothing but a disease can weaken him physically and mentally.
D) Physical and mental deterioration is an inevitable outcome of his disease.
E) Degeneration of physiology may be the reason for his mental illness.

13) Her indifferent attitude towards her friends' sorrow upset all of them.

A) She behaves rather insensitively when her friends feel unhappy.

B) She acted rather differently from her friends when they all felt worried.
C) She would share her friends' sorrow if she knew about it.
D) She didn't do anything to relieve her friends grievance, which made them all unhappy.
E) She would share her friends' worry, but she is far from them?

14) As he doesn't know how fierce the competition in the market is, he won't able to keep his
shop running for long.

A) His lack of knowledge about the unfavourable condition in the market will soon lead
him to go bankrupt.
 B) He decided to compete fiercely with his rivals to keep his shop running for a long time.
C) He was comparatively unaware of the rivalry in the market, so he lost his job soon.
D) He is neither competent nor productive enough to run a shop.
E) He should first get the necessary documents to run a shop.

15) Because of his recklessness, he narrowly avoided running over a very old passer-by.

A) His reckless driving was the chief reason for his having frequent accidents.
B) Even though he was an alert driver, he now and then had accidents that caused the
death of the elderly.
C) He had been warned for his recklessness, but it did him no good.
D) His carelessness will cause a passer-by to lose his life.
E) Since he was driving carelessly, he nearly hit an elderly pedestrian.

16) In general, the faster a country's economic growth, the faster the rise in living standard.

A) Living standard cannot be raised without a stable economic growth.

B) The speed of a country's economic progress is generally directly correlated with that
of the rise in living standard.
C) Usually economic decline in a country is accompanied with a decline in living
standard.
D) First, economic growth must be accelerated so as to reach a high standard of living.
E) Economic expansion is the sole cause of a high standard living.

17) Spending a few days away from work after busy hours of work does anybody good if they
are tired of such intensity.

A) If you are tired, you had better take a few days off and never think about your job.
B) Nobody refuses the offer to spend a few days away from work if they are tired from
such hard work.
C) Spending some time away from work isn't good for anybody if they are under constant
pressure.
D) A few days off work is beneficial for everybody who is fed up with working constantly.
E) Intense work doesn't relax people, but a few days' holiday does.

18) Though old people are less likely to be victims of crime than teenagers in France, the
number of crimes against old people is hard to ignore.

A) In France, teenagers suffer from crimes more often than the old, but it doesn’t mean
that the old rarely suffer from crimes.
B) In France, teenagers generally suffer from crimes and the old rarely suffer from
crimes.
C) There are many crimes committed against the old whereas there are few crimes
committed against the teenagers.
D) The number of crimes against old people can be neglected because there crimes
generally occur against the teenagers.
 E) Teenagers are seldom exposed to crimes but the old people are under constant risk
of being the victim of crimes

19) There was an awful culture clash when the two firms merged since they had entirely
different approaches.

A) The joining of the two firms brought about important cultural problems but fortunately
their approaches are totally the same.
B) There were cultural differences between the two firms, but they tried to solve the
problem by adopting different approaches.
C) When the two companies emerged, they tried to eliminate the cultural problems
existing between them.
D) Due to cultural differences and different approaches, the two firms decided to end
their partnership.
E) When the two companies joined, serious cultural problems arose because their
ways of doing things were not the same.
BÖLÜM III: KELİME ÖĞRENMEK

Kelimeleri öğrenmenin en iyi ve en kalıcı yolu kelimeleri bir yere bağlamaktır. Benzetmek
doğru olursa, eşşeği sağlam bir yere bağlamazsanız eşşek kaçar. Bunun en doğru yolu da
paragrafları özetlemektir. Bunu nasıl yapılacağını da aşağıdaki makale örneklerinde belirtelim.

Makale #1: Greenhouse Effect

Curiously, the air pollution causes floods and earthquakes besides its dangerous outcomes. At
first sight, it may seem nonsense – it is because pollution is thought that logically, it should
cause deaths and poisonings - but when we encounter the proofs of the scientists, we can see
other important effects of pollution on the world. The work of the atmosphere is to filter the
harmful rays coming from the sun; by the way, the heat that has existed from these rays can
easily leave the earth going through the atmosphere. It has been claimed that the smokes, car
fuels... etc. make up a smog which surrounds the earth like the atmosphere. However, that smog
builds such a different layer that it inhibits the heat from leaving the world; that factor is the main
point that differentiates the smog from the atmosphere. The greenhouses’ glasses are made so
thick that the condition of the weather inside does not change; in addition, the temperature goes
up; for that reason, this situation has been named by the scientists the “Greenhouse Effect”.
Since the smog prevents the temperature from cycling, the global temperature increases;
incidentally, the icebergs on both poles begin to melt, and that induces floods. Once there
occurs a flood, the flowing of sands takes place; as a result, the “Greenhouse Effect” arouses
earthquake; by the way, the earth gradually comes to end; that is, like domino effect, the natural
disasters happen one after another. After all these certain conclusions, there is no need to be a
fortune-teller in order to say that the world has become about to die.

• There is an ecological system in the universe;

The sun transmits / conveys / sends ultraviolet rays to the Earth,
Later on, the atmosphere layer filters these rays, or in other words, these rays go
through the atmosphere,
 In this way, these rays become useful / beneficial / healthy; that’s / that is to say / i.e.
/ namely, these rays are harmful / dangerous / hazardous / risky before their passing
through the atmosphere.
We can conclude that without / but for / if it weren’t for the atmosphere layer, people
on the world would be at great risk / in extreme jeopardy.
Finally, these rays reflect from the earth and turn back to the universe.

• Because of / due to / owing to / thanks to environmental, air and sound pollution, there
occurs / arises / appears / exists a layer named / called / titled / termed smog.
Since / Because / due to the fact that / owing to the fact that / on the ground that
that so-called smog is likened to the structure of a greenhouse, that event has been
regarded / thought / assumed / presumed as Greenhouse Effect.
Meanwhile / in the meantime / incidentally, that smog spoils the ecological balance.
The smog prevents / hinders / inhibits / stops the ultraviolet rays from turning back to
the universe.
It is implied that the amount of ultraviolet rays is increasing / rising up day by day.
It can be easily understood that the global temperature is increasing;
For that reason/ that’s why / therefore / as a result / consequently / thus, the
icebergs on both the South Pole and the North Pole start to melt;
Inevitably, the sea level dramatically / significantly increases.
One can easily infer that all the lands will become submerged in the water.

• The smog can be differentiated / distinguished from the atmosphere layer in that the
former holds the temperature inside while receiving the coming ultraviolet rays whereas
the latter both takes the ultraviolet rays and lets them go out.
As the sentence suggests, the smog causes the temperature to increase.
As the sentence reveal, the atmosphere provides a harmony in the quantity of the
temperature.

Article #2: The best recruiting agents

A servant girl writes home to somebody from a place where she stays

Letter including:

• She has accepted a situation (profession, job, occupation) at a good salary

• Suggestions and warnings about jobs to the people in the neighbourhood
• In South Australia, wages are very attractive, splendid and magnificent
• In England, wages are inconvenient and respectively (comparatively) low

Letters such as these / Such letters as these / Such letters

 There exist many mortal diseases such as/like cancer, Aids and Bulimia, which are waiting
for a possible treatment to be found out by specialists.
 There exist many such mortal diseases as Cancer, Aids and Bulimia, which are waiting for a
possible treatment to be found out by specialists.
 Cancer, Aids and Bulimia are waiting for a possible treatment to be found out by specialists.
Circulate (cycle, turn around) & spread from kitchen to kitchen

Therefore (Thus, in this way) become the best recruiting (finding people for work) agents for the
colonies
Those who live in an area controlled politically by other countries (colonies) are
desperately (very much) in need of servants to/in order to/so as to serve the pioneers (those
who have priority over an area)

There are much/rather/a lot/far better prospects (probability) overseas (adv.) (in, from, to
other countries) in newspapers and magazines, but they are not as effective as these letters
though/although they include offers on free (out of charge) or assisted passages (journey).

Article #3: Fiction and Non-fiction

• Literature comes into being as result of some structures.

Literal meaning / sense: The dictionary definition of any word

Literally (adv) as in the explanation of the dictionary – really

Feng shui, literally translated as wind and water, has existed in the universe from the
very beginning of the history.
The man was literally exhausted at the end of the tiring day at work.

Literary essay, figure, article, composition (as in the literature)

Literary essays are composed of two types in literature. One is fictional works whereas
the other is non-fictional works.
Literary figures such as T.S. Eliot, John Steinbeck and George Orwell gave important
works in terms of fiction.

Literate: able to read and write – illiterate: unable to read and write
Literacy rate: Number of people who can both read and write
Illiteracy rate: Number of people who can’t both read and write
Lateral thinking: a way of solving a problem by thinking about it imaginatively and
originally and not using traditional or expected methods

Characteristics Fictional works Non-fictional works

About the Imaginative, creative, reflecting the
authors hardships of their time, making vivid,
life-like descriptions of the characters,
plots and settings
About the Everything told is imaginary, realistic,
Writing about instructive events,
tries to persuade, convince, please,
entertain, instruct readers.
Mentioning real events
Everything told is real, not
 contents close to reality. Inspiration comes from
the real events. Though everything is
not real, readers bother to read
because they want to understand and
spend some good time.
imaginary. Readers want to benefit
from these works because they want
to obtain information. Types of
works are documentaries,
biographies, autobiographies.

Article #4: William Shakespeare

Born in 1564 in Stratford, Shakespeare probably attended the Stratford grammar school,
where he received a classical education under its excellent schoolmaster. The years
from the mid-1580s to about 1592 are called “the lost years” in Shakespeare’s life
because nothing is known of him. By 1592, at any rate, he was a rising young playwright
in London. This was an exciting period in the English theatre mainly because of a group
known as the University Wits, which included Marlowe, Nashe and others. These brilliant
young men turned out sophisticated plays for the aristocracy and sensational plays for
the general public.

• Born on April 23rd, 1564, W. Shakespeare is the greatest playwright in English

Literature.
Having died on April 23rd, 1616, W. Shakespeare was exposed to many criticisms made
by University Wits.
He is said to be very punctual in terms of both birthday and death-day.
University Wits claim that a man named William Shakespeare did not actually live,
because of the thesis based on the fact that such a literary figure could not have written
the mentioned works that are highly different from one another in terms of level.

• 1564 – in the second half of the 16th century, in the third quarter of the 16th century
1616 – in the first half of the 17th century, in the first quarter of the 17th century, in
the early 17th century
Between 1592 and 1616 – from the late 16th century to the early 17th century, we
have information about the Bard, Swan of Avon or William Shakespeare.
From the date of birth to 1952, the period is known as “lost years”; that’s, he did not
produce almost no work or we don’t have any information except for rumours related to
his life story.
 • Four centuries after he wrote them, the works of William Shakespeare continue to
entertain and intrigue (catch the attention) audiences around the world.

• Shakespeare’s genius permanently (lasting for a long time, not temporary) shaped
the English language, while his knowledge of the human mind and heart speaks to us
across the years.

• In the words of his friend and rival playwright Ben Jonson, “He was not of an age, but for
all time.”

• Surviving documents that give us glimpses into the life of William Shakespeare show us
a playwright, poet, and actor who grew up in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon,
spent his professional life in London, and returned to Stratford a wealthy landowner.

BÖLÜM IV: İLGEÇLİ FİİLLER & DEYİMLER

Ayırılabilir ilgeçli fiiller (Geçişli)

Verb Meaning Example

Blow up Explode The terrorists tried to blow up the railroad station.
bring up mention a topic My mother brought up that little matter of my prison
record again.
bring up raise children It isn't easy to bring up children nowadays.
call off Cancel They called off this afternoon's meeting
do over repeat a job Do this homework over.
fill out complete a form Fill out this application form and mail it in.
fill up fill to capacity She filled up the grocery cart with free food.
find out Discover My sister found out that her husband had been
planning a surprise party for her.
Give away give something to The filling station was giving away free gas.
someone else for
free
Give back return an object My brother borrowed my car. I have a feeling he's
not about to give it back.
hand in submit something The students handed in their papers and left the
(assignment) room.
hang up put something on She hung up the phone before she hung up her
hook or receiver clothes.
hold up Delay I hate to hold up the meeting, but I have to go to the
bathroom.
hold up Rob Three masked gunmen held up the Security Bank
this afternoon.
leave out Omit You left out the part about the police chase down
 Asylum Avenue.
Look over examine, check The lawyers looked over the papers carefully before
questioning the witness. (They looked them over
carefully.)
look up search in a list You've misspelled this word again. You'd better look
it up.
make up invent a story or lie She knew she was in trouble, so she made up a
story about going to the movies with her friends.
make out hear, understand He was so far away, we really couldn't make out
what he was saying.
pick out Choose There were three men in the line-up. She picked out
the guy she thought had stolen her purse.
pick up lift something off The crane picked up the entire house. (Watch them
something else pick it up.)
point out call attention to As we drove through Paris, Francoise pointed out
the major historical sites.
put away save or store We put away money for our retirement. She put
away the cereal boxes.
put off Postpone We asked the boss to put off the meeting until
tomorrow. (Please put it off for another day.)
put on put clothing on the I put on a sweater and a jacket. (I put them on
body quickly.)
put out Extinguish The firefighters put out the house fire before it could
spread. (They put it out quickly.)
read over Peruse I read over the homework, but couldn't make any
sense of it.
set up to arrange, begin My wife set up the living room exactly the way she
wanted it. She set it up.
take down make a written note These are your instructions. Write them down before
you forget.
take off remove clothing It was so hot that I had to take off my shirt.
talk over Discuss We have serious problems here. Let's talk them over
like adults.
throw away Discard That's a lot of money! Don't just throw it away.
try on put clothing on to She tried on fifteen dresses before she found one
see if it fits she liked.
try out Test I tried out four cars before I could find one that
pleased me.
turn down lower volume Your radio is driving me crazy! Please turn it down.
turn down Reject He applied for a promotion twice this year, but he
(2) was turned down both times.
turn up raise the volume Grandpa couldn't hear, so he turned up his hearing
aid.
turn off switch off electricity We turned off the lights before anyone could see us.
turn off (2) Repulse It was a disgusting movie. It really turned me off.
turn on switch on the Turn on the CD player so we can dance.
electricity
use up exhaust, use The gang members used up all the money and went
completely out to rob some more banks.

Ayırılamıyan ilgeçli filer (Geçişsiz)

Verb Meaning Example
call on ask to recite in class The teacher called on students in the back row.
call on Visit The old minister continued to call on his sick
(2) parishioners.
get over recover from sickness or I got over the flu, but I don't know if I'll ever get
disappointment over my broken heart.
go over Review The students went over the material before the
exam. They should have gone over it twice.
go use up; consume They country went through most of its coal
through reserves in one year. Did he go through all his
money already?
look take care of My mother promised to look after my dog while I
after was gone.
look into Investigate The police will look into the possibilities of
embezzlement.
run find by chance I ran across my old roommate at the college
across reunion.
run into Meet Carlos ran into his English professor in the hallway.
take Resemble My second son seems to take after his mother.
after
wait on Serve It seemed strange to see my old boss wait on
tables.

İki ilgeçli fiiller (Geçişli)

Verb Meaning Example

break in interrupt (a I was talking to Mom on the phone when the operator broke
on conversation) in on our call.
catch up keep abreast After our month-long trip, it was time to catch up with the
with neighbors and the news around town.
check up examine, The boys promised to check up on the condition of the
on investigate summer house from time to time.
come up to contribute After years of giving nothing, the old parishioner was able to
with (suggestion, come up with a thousand-dollar donation.
money)
cut down curtail We tried to cut down on the money we were spending on
on (expenses) entertainment.
drop out leave school I hope none of my students drop out of school this semester.
of
get along have a good I found it very hard to get along with my brother when we
with relationship were young.
with
get away escape Janik cheated on the exam and then tried to get away with it.
with blame
get rid of Eliminate The citizens tried to get rid of their corrupt mayor in the
recent election.
get Finish When will you ever get through with that program?
through
with
keep up maintain It's hard to keep up with the Joneses when you lose your job!
with pace with
look anticipate I always look forward to the beginning of a new semester.
forward to with pleasure
look down Despise It's typical of a jingoistic country that the citizens look down
on on their geographical neighbors.
look in on visit We were going to look in on my brother-in-law, but he wasn't
(somebody) home.
look out be careful, Good instructors will look out for early signs of failure in their
for anticipate students
look up to Respect First-graders really look up to their teachers.
make Verify Make sure of the student's identity before you let him into the
sure of classroom.
put up Tolerate The teacher had to put up with a great deal of nonsense from
with the new students.
run out of exhaust The runners ran out of energy before the end of the race.
supply
take care be My oldest sister took care of us younger children after Mom
of responsible died.
for
talk back answer The star player talked back to the coach and was thrown off
to impolitely the team.
think back Recall I often think back on my childhood with great pleasure.
on
walk out Abandon Her husband walked out on her and their three children.
on
Geçişsiz ilgeçli fiiller

Verb Meaning Example

break down stop functioning That old Jeep had a tendency to break down just
when I needed it the most.
catch on become popular Popular songs seem to catch on in California first
and then spread eastward.
come back return to a place Father promised that we would never come back to
this horrible place.
come in Enter They tried to come in through the back door, but it
was locked.
come to regain He was hit on the head very hard, but after several
consciousness minutes, he started to come to again.
come over to visit The children promised to come over, but they never
do.
drop by visit without We used to just drop by, but they were never home,
appointment so we stopped doing that.
eat out dine in a restaurant When we visited Paris, we loved eating out in the
sidewalk cafes.
get by Survive Uncle Heine didn't have much money, but he always
seemed to get by without borrowing money from
relatives.
get up Arise Grandmother tried to get up, but the couch was too
low, and she couldn't make it on her own.
go back return to a place It's hard to imagine that we will ever go back to
Lithuania.
go on Continue He would finish one Dickens novel and then just go
on to the next.
go on (2) Happen The cops heard all the noise and stopped to see
 what was going on.
grow up get older Charles grew up to be a lot like his father.
keep away remain at a The judge warned the stalker to keep away from his
distance victim's home.
keep on (with continue with the He tried to keep on singing long after his voice was
gerund) same ruined.
pass out lose He had drunk too much; he passed out on the
consciousness, sidewalk outside the bar.
faint
show off demonstrate Whenever he sat down at the piano, we knew he
haughtily was going to show off.
show up Arrive Day after day, Efrain showed up for class twenty
minutes late.
wake up arouse from sleep I woke up when the rooster crowed.

BÖLÜM V: DEĞİİK SORU TÜRLERİ

u ana kadar yayımlanan kitaplara elimden geldiği kadar baktığımda gördüğüm önemli
bir eksikliği gidermek adına bu bölümü de okurlarımıza sunmayı uygun gördüm. ÖSYM’nin yıllar
once sorduğu ancak son yıllarda bıraktığı bazı soru türlerini burada değinmek istiyorum. Bu
bölümler arasında değişik soru türleri mevcuttur. Belki de birçoğu daha önce hiç duyulmamıştır.
Bunları örneklerle belirtelim:

Cümleleri anlamlı bir şekilde sıralayarak anlamlı bir paragraf oluşturmak

(1)

I) But Herodotus visited the pyramids 2,700 years after they were built and his impressive
figure was an educated guess, based on hearsay.
II) Standing at the base of the pyramids at Giza, it is hard to believe that any of these enormous
monuments could have been built in one pharaoh's lifetime.
III) The question of who built the pyramids, and how, has long been debated by Egyptologists
and historians.
IV) By his accounts, the labour force that built Khufu totalled more than 100,000 people.
V) Modern Egyptologists believe the real number is closer to 20,000.
VI) Herodotus, the Greek historian who wrote in the 5th century B.C., 500 years before Christ, is
the earliest known chronicler and historian of the Egyptian Pyramid Age.

A) I-III-IV-VI-V-II
B) III-II-VI-IV-I-V
C) V-III-II-VI-IV-I
D) II-III-V-IV-VI-I
E) IV-VI-V-III-II-I
 (2)

I) In Europe, there was the outbreak of World War I, also known as the Great War, in 1914,
and in Mexico, there was the Mexican Revolution.
II) The war concluded in 1918 and the Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919.
III) Finally, the U.S. entered the war in 1917.
IV) Foreign affairs – relationships with other countries – took up a great deal of President
Woodrow Wilson's attention.
V) Although at first Americans did not want to get involved, they supported the Allies in their
fight against Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey.

A) IV-I-V-III-II
B) I-III-V-IV-II
C) III-II-V-I-IV
D) II-III-I-IV-V
E) V-II-III-I-IV

(3)

I) However, it has revolutionized our understanding of the dynamic planet upon which we live.
II) It has provided explanations to questions that scientists had speculated upon for centuries.
III) The theory has unified the study of the Earth by drawing together many branches of the
earth sciences, from paleontology (the study of fossils) to seismology (the study of
earthquakes).
IV) These are, for example, why earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in very specific areas
around the world, and how and why great mountain ranges like the Alps and Himalayas
formed.
V) Plate tectonics is a relatively new scientific concept, introduced some 30 years ago.

A) I-III-II-IV-V
B) IV-V-II-III-I
C) V-I-III-II-IV
D) I-III-II-V-IV
E) V-II-III-I-IV

(4)

I) This way of thinking was known as "catastrophism," and geology (the study of the Earth) was
based on the belief that all earthly changes were sudden and caused by a series of
catastrophes.
II) Scientists, philosophers, and theologians have wrestled with questions such as these for
centuries.
III) This principle is commonly stated as follows: The present is the key to the past.
IV) Why is the Earth so restless? What causes the ground to shake violently, volcanoes to erupt
with explosive force, and great mountain ranges to rise to incredible heights?
V) However, by the mid-19th century, catastrophism gave way to "uniformitarianism," a new
way of thinking cantered around the "Uniformitarian Principle" proposed in 1785 by James
Hutton, a Scottish geologist.
VI) Until the 1700s, most Europeans thought that a Biblical Flood played a major role in shaping
the Earth's surface.

A) II-III-IV-VI-V-I
B) I-III-II-IV-VI-V
C) V-IV-VI-II-III-I
D) VI-IV-V-II-I-III
E) IV-II-VI-I-V-III

(5)

II) Wegener's theory was based in part on what appeared to him to be the remarkable fit of the
South American and African continents.
III) To him, the presence of identical fossil species along the coastal parts of Africa and South
America was the most compelling evidence that the two continents were once joined.
IV) Wegener was also intrigued by the occurrences of unusual geologic structures and of plant
and animal fossils found on the matching coastlines of South America and Africa, which are
now widely separated by the Atlantic Ocean.
V) This situation was first noted by Abraham Ortelius three centuries earlier.
VI) He reasoned that it was physically impossible for most of these organisms to have swum or
have been transported across the vast oceans.

A) II-I-IV-V-III
B) I-IV-III-V-II
C) IV-V-I-II-III
D) II-I-III-V-IV
E) V-I-III-IV-II

Cümleleri anlamlı bir şekilde sıraladığınızda hangi cümle dışarıda kalmaktadır

(1)

I) The central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, controls everything you do,
including moving.
II) In the very deep parts of the brain, there is a collection of nerve cells that help control
movement, known as the basal ganglia.
III) He has the disease and has founded an organization to educate people about it and seek a
cure.
IV) Mostly adults - like Fox and boxer Muhammad Ali - get Parkinson's disease, which is a
disorder of the central nervous system.
V) You may have seen the actor Michael J. Fox on TV talking about Parkinson's disease.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

(2)

I) Then prejudice can turn into hatred or unfair treatment of a person belonging to a particular
group.
II) People show prejudice when they form negative opinions without knowing all the facts.
III) These opinions might be based on someone else's race, religion, or ethnic background.
IV) As soon as people are lumped together in a group, unfair opinions are probably being
expressed.
V) They might be based on a person's gender, age, disability, or even income or education
level.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
(3)

I) Anything that someone does to hurt another person at school can be called school violence.
II) On the other hand, school violence can also mean teasing, bullying, or fighting on the
playground.
III) Usually when you hear about school violence on the news, people are talking about things
like guns at school or shootings.
IV) The person's body could be hurt, or feelings could be hurt.
V) It would be easier for adults to control school violence if there were only one reason why it
happens.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

(4)

I) Nostradamus, the French Christian Jew who lived in France in the 16th century, made many
accurate forecasts, including the two World Wars.
II) Born Michel de Notre dame on 14 December 1503 in St Remy, France, he was the oldest of
five sons.
III) Some Nostradamus experts had given the date for the start of such a war as mid-1999.
IV) They obviously misinterpreted the quatrains because their attention then turned to the 11
September 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre in New York.
V) 18 of his 950 quatrains refer to a third world war.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
 (5)

I) Khan abolishes the monarchy, declares himself President, and the Republic of Afghanistan
is established.
II) Afghanistan gained independence from Britain in 1919 after the Third Afghan War.
III) In 1973 the government of Zahir Shah was overthrown in a military coup led by Daoud Khan
and the PDPA (Afghan Communist Party).
IV) The USA and its allies declared war on terrorism and counter-attacked, removing the Taliban
from power.
V) Modern Afghanistan dates from 1747, when Ahmad Shah Durrani freed the country from
Persian domination.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

Aşağıda altı çizili kelimelerden hangisi diyerlerinden farklı anlamda kullanılmıştır.

1- (I) I dropped the vase and it broke into pieces.

(II) The dish fell to the floor and broke.
(III) I picked it up and the handle broke off.
(IV) Smoking cigarette is a kind of habit which people generally cannot break.
(V) We heard the sound of breaking glass.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

2- (I) Her mind was full of what had happened the night before, and she just wasn't
concentrating.
(II) Of course I'm telling the truth - you've got such a suspicious mind!
(III) I just said the first thing that came into my mind.
(IV) I'm not quite clear in my mind about what I'm doing.
(V) Mind you take enough money with you.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

Parçalardaki kelimeler

Exercise 1: Fill in the following blanks in the passage with the words given below in the list.
FAIRY TALE

a) many b) despised c) byword d) scorned e) unfit

f) extravagantly g) enchanting h) unpromising i) allusive j) meaningless

Fairy tale master Hans Christian Andersen was born on this date in 1805. The man who began ___(1)___
a story with the ___(2)___ words "Once upon a time" also gave adults a few ___(3)___ phrases to carry
into adulthood. The Ugly Duckling tells the now-classic story of the duckling ___(4)___ by everyone
(except his mother) because of his odd and ___(5)___ appearance. Eventually he turns into "the most
beautiful swan of all," but the ugly duckling never forgets "how it felt to be ___(6)___ and teased," and he
is never cruel to creatures who are different from those around them. Since the late 1800s, the term ugly
duckling has been a ___(7)___ for someone despised or neglected because of unpromising qualities but
who has great potential. In Andersen's tale The Emperor's New Clothes, the clothes-loving emperor is
sold a new set of clothes by a pair of scoundrels who assure him the clothes are invisible to simpletons
and to people ___(8)___ for their office. Because no one wants to be thought a fool, the clothes are
___(9)___ praised and the emperor parades around naked until an innocent child pipes up with the truth—
that the emperor is wearing no clothes. Nowadays, the emperor's new clothes is a metaphor for
something ___(10)___, or wrong that is automatically, uncritically agreed with.

Exercise 2: Fill in the following blanks in the passage with the words given below in the list.

a) dispose b) aftermath c) submerging d) thanks e) regain

f) recede g) debris h) wakes i) process j) uprooting
k) evacuating l) inaccurate m) precautions n) strengthened o) advance

___(1)___ to modern science, meteorologists are now usually able to predict tropical storms early enough
so that people in the storm's path can be warned in ___(2)___ . If it looks like the storm could be a serious
one, people can take ___(3)___ like boarding up their houses or ___(4)___ low-lying coastal areas.
Severe tropical storms plough through the countryside, leaving a path of devastation in their ___(5)___.
Winds lash coastal communities, ___(6)___ trees, ripping off roofs and collapsing buildings in the
___(7)___. A storm may abate temporarily as it moves inland only to ___(8)___ its full fury as it hits open
water again. Torrential rains accompanying the storm swell rivers and the surging waters then overflow
river banks, ___(9)___ the surrounding area, and isolating communities until the flood waters ___(10)___.
Rescue workers begin looking for victims as soon as the storm subsides enough to make it safe for them
to do so. They comb the ___(11)___ for survivors, assist the injured and, if necessary, ___(12)___ of the
bodies of those who perish to prevent epidemics. Emergency hospitals and temporary morgues are set
up. Appeals for blood donations are made through the media. The first statistics concern the number of
dead and injured. In the confused ___(13)___ of a storm, however, the first casualty tolls are usually
___(14)___, and it may be days, even weeks before the true figures are known. The same is true of
damage estimates. If there has been serious loss of life and property, people naturally turn their attention
to how to prevent similar occurrences in the future. While there is little they can do to prevent tropical
storms, they can minimise their effects. Warning systems can be improved, emergency shelters provided,
flood walls built or ___(15)___, pumps installed, storm insurance plans introduced, and, most importantly,
people can be educated on how to deal with disasters when they happen.
Exercise 3: Choose the correct adjective from the pair to complete the sentence.

1- What are we going to do tonight? I'm so ________ (bored/boring) just sitting here watching TV. Let's
go out and do something ________ (exciting/excited)
2- Did you watch that ________ (interesting/interested) documentary on TV last night?
3- If you don't mind my saying. I think his ________ (baffled/baffling) attitude is due to the fact that he
isn't ________ (interested/interesting) enough in his studies.
4- The ________ (astonished/astonishing) fact that almost 20% of Americans are obese is, in part, due
to the fact that they eat too much junk food.
5- His abilities were so ________ (amazed/amazing) that people travel led from far away to hear him
play.
6- ________ (excited/exciting) particles in the nucleus centre caused a chemical transformation.
7- I was ________ (humoured / humouring) by his reply to my question.
8- Do you find that so ________ (surprised/surprising)?
9- I'd really hate to see him loose because of his ________ (shocked/shocking) lack of preparation.
10- One of his favourite colours is ________ (shocked/shocking) pink.

Exercise 4: Fill in the following blanks in the passage with the words given below in the list.
a) adversaries b) form c) result d) kind e) succeed
f) virtually g) mediate h) grievance i) destruction j) extreme
k) identifies l) consider m) disputes n) faced o) neighbouring

If you think about it, a large percentage of news stories involve disputes of some ___(1)___. Strikes, nasty
divorces, protests, and wars are all forms of ___(2)___. Since they can be dramatic and affect large
numbers of people, such stories appear in the newspaper ___(3)___ every day. All disputes have basic
similarities and this makes it easy to ___(4)___ a plan for reading about them. Below are some of the
factors you should ___(5)___ in reading a story about a dispute. Disputes have at least two opposing
sides and at least one ___(6)___. Thus, to understand a dispute you must find the information which
___(7)___ the opposing sides and explains why they are in disagreement. Disputes begin with a
grievance and usually move through a number of stages before reaching a resolution. If the process is
peaceful, the ___(8)___ rely heavily on discussions and negotiations to gain an agreement. They may
even bring in outsiders to ___(9)___. If necessary they may use the courts—or perhaps even an election.
Particularly bitter disputes, however, can ___(10)___ in violence. Disputes can be resolved through
compromises or they can favour one side over another. In the most extreme cases, one of the adversaries
may suffer total defeat, even ___(11)___. Adversaries try to gain advantages in even the most peaceful
disputes. They do this in many ways, but most disputes reported in the Bangkok Post involve some type of
pressure. Individuals or groups may threaten demonstrations, boycotts, legal action, strikes or even
violence. And if they don’t ___(12)___ in winning their demands, they are quite likely to carry out these
threats. Their opponents may make counter-threats of their own and they, too, have a whole set of tactics
available. Companies ___(13)___ with a strike, for example, may lock out their employees. Governments
may jail protesters and, in ___(14)___ cases, countries may take up arms against a disagreeable
___(15)___ country. All this, of course, makes news.

Exercise 5: Fill in the following blanks in the passage with the words given below in the list.

PEARLS
 a) substances b) produced c) coats d) as well as e) Contrary
f) shell g) commonly h) intrusion i) Instead j) Nevertheless

Unlike gemstones ___(1)___ deep inside the Earth, pearls are created by living creatures called molluscs.
Molluscs ___(2)___ have a soft body and a hard exterior shell. These animals live in marine and
freshwater habitats ___(3)___ on land. Any mollusc that produces a shell can produce a pearl. ___(4)___,
naturally occurring pearls are found in perhaps one of every 10,000 animals. ___(5)___ to popular belief,
pearls hardly ever result from the ___(6)___ of a grain of sand into an oyster's shell. ___(7)___, a pearl
forms when an irritant such as a wayward food particle becomes trapped in the mollusc. The animal
senses the object and ___(8)___ it with layers of aragonite and conch Olin, producing pearls. These two
materials are the same ___(9)___ the animal uses to build its ___(10)___.

BÖLÜM VI: CEVAP ANAHTARI

Exercise 1 8) A
9) A
1) B 10) C
2) C
3) E Exercise 3
4) A
5) B 1) A
6) C 2) C
7) C 3) E
8) A 4) D
9) E 5) C
10) C
11) B Exercise 4

Exercise 2 1) B / OF / FORMS / AS WELL AS

/ WITH / THOUGH
1) A 2) E
2) D 3) B
3) A
4) E
5) C Exercise 5
6) C
7) D 1) A
 2) E 4) E
3) C 5) A
4) A
5) B Exercise 10
6) B
1) D
Exercise 6 2) D
3) E
1) A 4) B
2) C 5) B
3) E
4) D Exercise 11
5) B
6) C 1) C
7) C 2) E
8) D 3) B
9) D 4) A
5) C
Exercise 7
Exercise 12
1) SOME
2) D 1) B
3) D 2) D
3) A
WHICH / IN / RATHER THAN / AT / OF / 4) C
WITH / SO / RELATIVEY / ON / 5) B
ENTIRETY / TO
Exercise 14
Exercise 8
1) A
1) B 2) C
2) A 3) D
3) D 4) E
4) E 5) B
5) E 6) A
7) E
8) B

Exercise 9 Exercise 15

1) A 1) E
2) C 2) E
3) E 3) A
4) A 4 B 22 B
5) D 5 E 23 E
6) C 6 C 24 A
7) B 7 D 25 D
8) B 8 B 26 C
9) E 9 C 27 A
10) A 10 D 28 B
11) A 11 C 29 E
12) B 12 B 30 E
13) D 13 E 31 D
14) A 14 B 32 B
15 C 33 E
Exercise 16 16 A 34 A
17 D 35 E
1) C 18 B 36 C
2) A
3) A 37 B 47 B 57 A
4) E 38 E 48 D 58 D
5) B 39 A 49 A 59 B
6) C 40 B 50 D 60 E
7) E 41 D 51 C
8) B 42 A 52 D
9) C 43 C 53 A
10) C 44 A 54 C
11) A 45 E 55 E
12) A 46 C 56 D
13) D
14) C Cümle tamamlama

1) D
2) B
3) D
4) C
5) C
6) C
7) B
8) D
9) A
10) A
11) D
Grammar section 12) E
1 D 19 D 13) D
2 A 20 C 14) A
3 C 21 E 15) D
16) B
17) E 27) E
18) A 28) B
19) E 29) C
20) B 30) E
21) E 31) B
22) B 32) D
23) C 33) A
24) D 34) C
25) E 35) E
26) B 36) B
27) E 37) D
28) A 38) E
29) B 39) C
30) D 40) A
31) A 41) B
32) B 42) D
43) A
Cloze test cevap anahtarı 44) C
1) B
45) A
2) E 46) B
3) A 47) A
4) C 48) E
5) B 49) E
6) B 50) B
7) A 51) B
8) D 52) A
9) E 53) E
10) C 54) D
11) B 55) C
12) A 56) B
13) D 57) D
14) D 58) D
15) C 59) A
16) A 60) C
17) B 61) B
18) E 62) D
19) C 63) D
20) D 64) E
21) E 65) C
22) B 66) B
23) D 67) E
24) E 68) D
25) A 69) A
26) B 70) C
Best answer Dialogue Completion 2) C
section 3) E
4) B
1 D 18 E 5) C
2 E 19 A 6) D
3 C 20 D 7) C
4 C 21 A 8) E
5 B 22 D 9) D
6 C 23 B 10) A
7 B 24 D 11) B
8 E 25 E 12) D
9 B 26 A 13) A
10 A 27 C 14) C
11 D 28 D 15) E
12 B 29 B 16) B
17) E
13 C 30 E
18) C
14 E 31 B
19) A
15 E 32 C
20) B
16 A 21) A
17 A 22) B
23) A
24) E
Translation section 25) C
1 E 12 B 26) E
2 C 13 B 27) A
3 B 14 C 28) D
4 E 15 C 29) E
5 A 16 B 30) A
6 D 17 D 31) C
7 B 18 C 32) E
8 D 19 D 33) A
9 A 20 C 34) B
10 C 21 B 35) C
11 C 22 D 36) B
23 C

Situational Response section

Paragraf soruları cevap anahtarı:
1 E 11 C
1) A 2 A 12 A
3 C 13 C 4) E
4 C 14 E 5) A
5 B 15 E 6) C
6 E 16 B 7) E
7 E 17 A 8) B
8 A 18 D 9) A
9 D 10) C
10 D 11) C
12) E
13) A
Odd-one-out questions 14) E
1) E 15) B
2) B 16) C
3) C 17) A
4) D 18) D
5) B
6) E
7) D Paraphrasing section
8) C 1 C 10 A
9) D 2 A 11 B
10) D 3 D 12 B
11) E 4 B 13 D
12) C 5 B 14 A
13) D 6 B 15 E
14) D 7 A 16 B
15) B 8 E 17 D
16) A 9 D 18 A
17) B 19 E
18) C
19) D QUESTION TYPES: Ordering
20) E statements in a coherent way.
1- B 2- A 3- C 4- E 5- B

Finding out a redundant statement:

When you order the following sentences
in a coherent way, which sentence can
be omitted?

1- D 2- D 3- E 4- E 5- A

Paragraph completion Aşağıda altı çizili kelimelerden hangisi

1) E diyerlerinden farklı anlamda
2) C kullanılmıştır.
3) D
1- D 2- E 4 Astonishing
5 Amazing
Parçalardaki kelimeler 6 Excited
7 Humoured
Exercise 1 8 Surprising
1 Many 9 Shocking
2 Enchanting 10 Shocking
3 Allusive
4 Scorned Exercise 4
5 Unpromising 1 Kind
6 Despised 2 Disputes
7 Byword 3 Virtually
8 Unfit 4 Form
9 Extravagantly 5 Consider
10 meaningless 6 Grievance
Q Identifies
Exercise 2 8 Adversaries
1 Thanks 9 Mediate
2 Advance 10 Result
3 Precautions 11 Destruction
4 Evacuating 12 Succeed
5 Wakes 13 Faced
6 Uprooting 14 Extreme
7 Process 15 Neighbouring
8 Regain
9 Submerging Exercise 5
10 Recede 1 Produced
11 Debris 2 Commonly
12 Dispose 3 As well as
13 Aftermath 4 Nevertheless
14 Inaccurate 5 Contrary
15 Strengthened 6 Intrusion
7 Instead
Exercise 3 8 Coats
1 Bored / exciting 9 Substances
2 Interesting 10 Shell
3 Baffling / interested