Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE
ROADS
(FOURTH REVISION)
INDIAN
ROADS CONGRESS
2011
2014
https://archive.org/details/govlawircy201115
IRC: 15-2011
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE
ROADS
(FOURTH REVISION)
Published by
INDIAN
ROADS CONGRESS
Kama
Sector
New
6,
Koti Marg,
R.K. Puram,
Delhi
110 022
Price
(Packing
Rs. 800/-
extra)
IRC: 15-2011
First
Published
First
Revision
July,
1965
December, 1970
December, 1981
Second Revision
Third Revision
February, 2002
Reprinted
September, 2003
Reprinted
October, 2005
Fourth revision
May, 2011
Reprinted
April,
2014
transmitted
in
New
(1000 Copies)
Delhi-110 064
IRC: 15-2011
CONTENTS
Page No.
Personnel of the Highways Specifications and Standards Committee
(i)
1.
Introduction
2.
Scope
3.
Materials
4.
Proportioning of Concrete
5.
Tools, Equipments,
6.
7.
Weather
8.
Joints
9.
10.
Construction
11.
Trial
12.
Quality Control
73
13.
Opening
93
10
15
Membrane
20
25
Limitations
30
Length
to Traffic
for Construction
47
49
69
IRC: 15-2011
1.
2.
3.
(Convenor)
Sinha, A.V.
Road
Puri, S.K.
(Co-Convenor)
Transport
Kandasamy,
C.
(Member-Secretary)
Transport
Ministry of
Delhi
Road
Delhi
Members
4.
Datta, P.K.
(I)
Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi
PWD,
5.
Gupta, K.K.
6.
Sinha, S.
7.
8.
Katare, P.K.
9.
&
Faridabad
Associates,
New
Delhi
Roads Development
New
Delhi
IIT
Roorkee, Roorkee
10.
Reddy, K Siva
11.
Basu, S.B.
12.
Bordoloi, A.C.
13.
Rathore, S.S.
MoRT&H, New
Delhi
R&B
Deptt.
Gandhinagar
14.
Pradhan, B.C.
15.
Prasad, D.N.
16.
Kumar, Ashok
Delhi
17.
Kumar, Kamlesh
Delhi
18.
Krishna, Prabhat
RCD, Patna
New Delhi
19.
Patankar, V.L.
Member
20.
Kumar, Mahesh
Engineer-in-Chief, Haryana
21.
Bongirwar,
L.
(Tech.), National
0)
Highways Authority
of India,
PWD, Chandgarh
New
Delhi
IRC: 15-2011
22,
Sinha, A.K.
23.
Sharma, S.C.
24.
Sharma,
Consultant, AIMIL,
25.
Gupta, D.P.
26.
Momin, S.S.
Dr.
V.M.
& AS
New
PWD, Lucknow
(Retd.),
MoRT&H, New
Delhi
MoRT&H, New
Delhi
Delhi
& AS
(Retd.),
Mumbai
Ex-Scientist, Central
Road Research
Institute,
New
Delhi
Shukla, R.S.
Ex-Scientist, Central
Road Research
Institute,
New
Delhi
29.
Jain, R.K.
30
Chandrasekhar,
27.
Reddy,
28.
Dr. T.S.
Dr.
BP.
PWD, Sonepat
New
Delhi
31.
Singh, B.N.
Member
32..
Nashkar, S.S.
33.
34.
Alam, Parwez
35.
Gangopadhyay,
36.
Singh, Nirmal
37.
Dr. S.
(Tech.), National
Director, Central
Highways Authority
PW (R),
of India,
New
Kolkata
Road Research
Institute,
Mumbai
New
Delhi
& SS
(Retd.),
MoRT&H, New
Delhi
Sinha, V.K.
& SS
(Retd.),
MoRT&H, New
Delhi
38.
Jain, N.S.
MoRT&H, New
39.
Yadav,
DGBR, New
40,
Jit
Dr. V.K.
Ministry of
EX'Officio
1.
President,
IRC
Delhi
Delhi
Delhi
Delhi
Members
PWD
Mizoram,
Aizawl
2.
Director General
Spl.
3.
(RD) &
Secretary
Secre:ary General
New Delhi
(Indoria, R.P.) Indian
Delhi
Corresponding Members
Emeritus Fellow, Bangalore University, Bangalore
1.
Justo.Dr. C.E.G.
2.
Khattar,
3.
Agarwal, M.K.
Borge V.B.
M.D.
(II)
Mumbai
PWD
PWD, Mumbai
IRC: 15-2011
1
INTRODUCTION
1 .1
Convenorship of Dr.
L.
R. Kadiyali,
and Sh. M.
C. Vankatesha, as
the Rigid
Member-Secretary
has been revised. Therefore a need was felt to update the standard
mineral admixtures, fibres, plasticizers/superlistizers etc.
The
of
has
Bridge
Works
to include the
use of
was
Member
Dr.
S.C
Maiti,
the
draft,
was
deliberated
IRC
office.
Extract from
intense consultation
in detail
was
held with
Sh V.
K. Sinha,
of
Convenor. The
draft
in
in
at
Hot
and
joint
recently.
for
Reference
to the
The IRC: 15 was approved by the Rigid Pavement Committee (personnel given below)
September 2010. The draft was approved by the Highways Specifications
held on 11
,h
th
November, 2010
at Nagpur.
Sinha, V.K.
Convenor
Jain, R.K.
Co-Convenor
Satender Kumar
Member-Secretary
Member
Ashok Kumar
Bongirwar,
RL
Kumar
Raman Kumar
Gautam,Ashutosh
Binod
for placing
its
meeting
IRC: 15-2011
Gupta, K.K.
Prasad, Bageshwar
Indoria, R.P.
Saha, D.C.
Jain, A. K.
Sharma, R.N.
Jain,
Seehra,
M.K.
Dr. S.S.
Srinivasan, K.L
Kamat, S.V.
Rep. of Delhi
Maiti, Dr.
Pandey,
PWD
Rep. ofCRRI
H.C.
Dr. B.B.
(Dr.
(Ms.)
Renu Mathur)
Corresponding Members
Ram, B.N.
De, D.C.
Justo, Dr. C.E.G.
Reddi, S.A.
Shroff, A.V.
Rep.
Ex-Officio
President,
Members
DG(RD)&SS,MORT&H
IRC
(Liansanga)
(A.V. Sinha)
2
2.1
The Code
SCOPE
of Practice
like materials,
The scope
different existing
i)
construction,
and
of this
codes
joints,
reinforcement of
curing.
of
into this
in
in
of
(IRC:84).
IRC: 15-2011
2.4
listed
The present code incorporates relevant provisions of the latest version of codes
may be referred.
ii)
Recommended
in
Concrete Pavements
(IRC:57)
iii)
Cement
(IRC:SP:76)
Some
2.5
of the aspects of
drawn
dealt
in
in
greater detail
in
MATERIALS
Cement
3.1
Any
is
used with
cement capable
i)
Ordinary Portland
Cement 53 Grade,
IS
ii)
Ordinary Portland
Cement 43 Grade,
IS
iii)
Portland-Pozzolana
may be
2269
8112
Portland Slag Cement, IS 455 (with Granulated Blast Furnace Slag content
not
"Cautionary Note:
i)
IS
489: states
in its
to
PPC with
Fly Ash
to
is
It
further
methods
shall
be
considered
is
IRC: 15-2011
of joints to avoid cracks
bulging
is
due
to
to avoid
PPC
prescribed
fly
to
recommended
is
environment
is likely
to
maximum
exist.
constituent
recommended
limit
for
is
ii)
the
soil
salts, like
sulphates
in
to
be used, there
shall
acceptance tests
prior to
be
off suitably.
in vertical
its
in
bulk form.
If
paper bags
in
is
or horizontal silos.
use.
3.2
Admixtures
3.2.1
Chemical admixtures
Admixtures conforming to IS 91 03
cement
strength,
will
volume change,
durability
and
have no deleterious effect on steel bars. Satisfactory performance of the admixtures should
is
used, the
trial
mixes and
.5
recommended
in trial
paving works.
In
.5
If
air
concrete as a
percent entrained
air for
and thawing
effect.
Besides
it
helps
in
is
improving
The maximum
quantity
of
IRC: 15-2011
Mineral admixtures
3.2.2
If
may be added
as mineral admixtures
3.2.2. 1
Fly
3812
(Parti)
Ordinary Portland
(Part
I).
Fly
ash
shall
shall
ash
fly
may be mixed
conform
shall
at site with
to IS
3812
be used.
availability of the
facility
4925 and
IS
with
equipments
at
automated process
will
not be
allowed otherwise.
The
Portland Pozzolana
have
fly
I)
Certificate
3. 2. 2. 2
No site mixing in case of GBFS shall be permitted. However, only factory produced Portland
Slag Cement as per IS 455 may be used containing GBFS (as per IS 12089) up to
50 percent by weight of Portland Slag Cement (PSC).
3.2.2.3
Silica
and
Silica
fume up
IS
to
fume
1
456-2000, IRC:SP:70),
if
3.3
Aggregates
3.3.1
may be
5388- 2003
used.
shall
383 but with a Los Angeles Abrasion Value not more than 35 percent. The
deleterious materials shall not exceed the requirements set out
3.3.2
in
the cement.
chert,
flint,
In addition,
in
IS 383.
chalcedony or
silica in
(S0 3
5
a form that
as chloride ion content shall not exceed 0.06 percent by weight and the
content expressed as sulphuric anhydride
IS
limits of
shall not
total
sulphate
IRC: 15-2011
Coarse aggregate
3.3.3
Coarse aggregate
pieces of crushed stone or crushed gravel and shall be devoid of pieces of disintegrated
stone, soft, flaky, elongated, very angular or splintery pieces.
PQC and
26.5
more than 35
maximum
The combined
flakiness
and
may be used
exceed 31 .5
mm
mm in case of DLC.
coarse and fine aggregate. No aggregate which has water absorption more than
3 percent shall be used
in
accordance with IS 2386 (Part V). After 5 cycles of testing, the loss
1
2 percent
is
if
is
The
shall,
results.
Fine aggregate
3.3.4
fine
aggregate
matter.
to IS
for
soundness
in
be more than
used, irrespective of their water absorption. Aggregates with water absorption more
than 3 percent
All
shall not
used or 18 percent
if
in
magnesium sulphate
solution
soundness
shall not
is
if
sodium sulphates
The
solution
test results.
be used.
V). After
fine
shall,
aggregates
however, be
Coal and
lignite
.0
percent
.0
percent
75 micron
i)
Natural sand
ii)
iii)
*
:
Blend of natural sand and crushed stone sand or crushed stone sand
alone: shall not exceed 8 percent by total weight of fino aggregates
IRC: 15-2011
*
Cautionary Note:
in
sand
is
is
satisfactory in
all
Table
383
IS
shall
600 micron
300 micron
150 micron
limits
as given
in
Table
Sieve
Designation
mm
4.75 mm
2.36 mm
1.18 mm
be within the
field
The grading
IS
10
in
Grading Zone
Grading Zone
Grading Zone
II
III
IV
100
90 - 100
60 - 95
30 - 70
15 - 34
100
90 - 100
75 -100
100
90 - 100
85 - 100
100
95 - 100
95 - 100
5 -20
8-30
12-40
10
0- 10
55-90
35
75
60
59
Grading Zone
100
79
90
80
100
100
15 -50
10
15
Note:i)
Where
is
required, fine
may be used.
In all
in all
limits of
exceeding 5 percent,
it
shall
be regarded as
any
total
particular
amount
not
grading zone.
This tolerance shall not be applied to percentage passing the 600 micron IS
or the final
limit
of grading
zone
limit
on 150 micron
However,
its
is
percent.
limit of
IV.
IS Sieve
permitted
shall not
in
is
PQC.
exceed 8
IRC: 15-2011
Combined grading
3.3.5
Table 2 and 3
is
PQC
in
Sieve Designation
No.
4)
mm
19.0 mm
9.50 mm
4.75 mm
5)
600 micron
10-35
6)
75 micron
0-5
100
26.50
1)
2)
3)
Note:
80-100
55-75
35-60
applicable both for natural river sand and crushed stone sand.
is
No
Sieve Designation
1)
31.50
2)
26.50
3)
19.0mm
68-88
45-65
5)
mm
4.75 mm
6)
600 micron
8-30
7)
150 micron
5-15
8)
75 micron
0-5
Water used
It
oil, salt,
shall
100
85-95
is
30-55
applicable both for natural river sand and crushed stone aggregate.
Water
3.4
of
mm
mm
9.50
4)
Note:
for mixing
acid,
and curing
of concrete shall
injurious
amount
and
in
curing.
is
generally considered
IRC: 15-2011
Steel
3.5
These
shall
conform
plain) to
Grade S 240
or deformed.
If
steel
mesh
steel bars
used,
is
it
shall
as per IS
conform
tie
bars (deformed/
to IS
566.
The
may be
steel shall
plain
be coated
with
Temperature Reinforcement
3.6
Whenever
deformed
is
to the
the steel bars are used as temperature reinforcement bars, those shall be
steel bars
shall preferably
not possible these bars can be tied with binding wire to form the mesh.
spacing of bars depends on the design considerations, material properties and climatic
condition of the region, but
3.14 kg/sqm.
50-75
to
The
steel
in
mesh
shall not
be less than
to their
3.7
3.7.1
Pre-moulded joint
Joint
of the
in
filler
structures
board
like,
for
filler
expansion
joints
for
use only
at
some
abutting
.5
25 percent as per
It
full
be
in
dowel bars
IS
shall
838 (Part
3.7.2
1 )
be
less than
one lane
It
width. Holes to
accommodate
bars.
Joint sealing
The joint sealing compound shall be of hot poured, elastomeric type or cold type chemical
based polysulphide or single chemical based silicone, or polyurethane having flexibility,
durability and resistance to age hardening. If the sealant is of hot poured type,
shall be of
rubberized bitumen and shall conform to AASHTO M 282 or ASTM: D 3406 and cold
applied sealant shall be in accordance with BS: 5212 (Part 2) and IS 11433.
it
3.8
Fibers
Fibers may be used subject to the provision in the design/approval by the Engineer to
reduce the shrinkage cracking and post-cracking. The fibers may be steel fiber as per
IRC: 15-2011
IRC:SP:46 or polymeric synthetic fibers. The polymeric synthetic fibers will be within the
following range of specifications:
Diameter
10 micron
Length
6-48
Specific gravity
more than
Suggested dosage
mm
Water absorption
The aspect
in
percent by weight of
mix).
IRC:44/IS 456.
in
60C.
and
UV light resistance.
stipulated
1.0
ratio shall
slump
mm
and that
shall not
in
PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE
4.1
4.1
micron
Effective
cement in
site shall
1000
In
.1
for
mix design,
it
is
shall
in
is
in
of concrete
in all
minimum
minimum strength in the field, the mix in the laboratory shall be designed for
somewhat higher strength, making due allowance for the type and extent of quality control
likely to obtained in the field as to ensure the minimum strength is achieved in the field for
desired
this purpose.,
4.1.2
According to Equation-1
10
is
which
is
known as
'fj,
IRC: 15-2011
r*t + Zx,
Eq.1
where
N/mm
f'
cr
level.
28 days,
N/mm
The value
of
is
given
N/mm
Accepted Tolerance
Variate,
1
Note
Fair to
in
20
1.65
in
40
1.96
in
100
Fair to
Good
Good means
Good means
Very
Good
methods and
site
mixed/
to
Good
2.33
Good
Degree of Control*
traffic
roads).
Very
4.1 .3
traffic
mechanism method
and dowel
roads/expressway
The value of Z shall depend upon the importance of the road. It may be chosen
4. It is recommended that for National Highways/State Highways work,
may
from Table
be kept as
plant
roads
traffic
for
medium
it
.96, for
urban streets,
rural
expressways,
like
roads etc.
it
it
agencies concerned.
4.1 .4
is
the design
11
criteria.
For
all
IRC: 15-2011
flexural
beams
(1
50
mm X
50
strength by correlating with cube strength (compressive strength) shall not be allowed
for
As standard
4.1.5
deviation
is
is
the
measure
of variation
and
will
degree of quality
prepared using semi mechanised production process. The standard deviation (<?used
in
equation-1) for major projects shall accordingly be used corresponding to the deviation
the flexural strength actually obtaining
in
the
field.
initial
mix design
in
for
major projects value of^shall, however, be taken as per Table 5. This may be subsequently
as per the actual test results observed on atleast 30 flexural beams
suitably adjusted
during construction.
Grade
of
Concrete
Very
MPa)
Good
0.38
0.55
0.60
0.35
0.50
0.55
4.0
0.32
0.45
0.50
4.5
0.29
0.40
0.45
5.0
0.26
0.35
0.40
in
projects,
correlation
4.1 .7
Table
is
in
4J
MPa or N/mm
In
such cases,
point
be determined as per
cr
strength
Fair
3.0
In
Good
'3.5
4.1 .6
where
Flexural Strength
(Characteristics
Flexural Strength
in
<?of
in
in
Equation
2.
Eq.2
as per IS 456-2000
for the
6.
12
IRC: 15-2011
Grade of Concrete
MPa Compressive
(Characteristics)
Good
Fair
5.0
6.0
7^0
5.3
6.3
7.5
5.6
6.6
7.6
Very
M30
M35
M40
Good
or IS
0262.
Cement Content
4.2
Strength
field at
28 days
When
4.2.1
is
quantity of
OPC
content
shall
OPC
is
Cement (OPC)
Ordinary Portland
ash
the quantity of
be
In
case
restricted to
such a blend
in
is
fly
20 percent by weight
shall not
1) is
blended
at site, the
of cementitious material
If
this
MPa in
given as under:
own
cost.
The
OPC
and
minimum
it
shall
be
content, however,
4.2.2
In
20 percent of
However,
in
PPC (OPC+
fly
PPC,
PPC
ash).
is
fly
ash content
not achieved,
OPC
and
PPC
Cement maximum
In
shall
be
be added
own cost.
Slag
shall also
restricted to
It
is
in
adequate
recommended
much
of fines, so
cement shall be
for
3/7/28 days respectively to ensure adequate specified target strength at different period
of time to
is
not achieved,
in
it
is
activities thereafter. In
recommended
to
add
OPC only
13
IRC: 15-2011
Approximate Proportions
4.3
The approximate proportions by weight necessary to produce concrete satisfying the above
conditions using aggregates from the sources designated
documents,
for
guidance
only.
It
may be furnished
in
the tender
this information is
only for the convenience of the bidder and does not relieve the bidder from the requirement
of proper mix design.
Mix
Field
4.4
After the
award of the
i.e.,
the
field
These
be corrected and adjusted by the Engineer to compensate for moisture
the aggregates or fluctuations in the grading of coarse and fine aggregates at
the laboratory for the particular aggregates approved by the Engineer shall govern.
proportions
content
in
will
Any change
in
trial
one and a
half
month
in
make
advance
of
length.
due allowance
shall
be made
for
its
bulking.
4.5
4.5.1
for
is
in trial
at least
full
field trials
of the mix.
due
be made by variations
in
made
for free
Adjustments
for
improving upon their grading without change in cement content or water-cement ratio.
Any such change will warrant retesting of samples to assess the changes in the strength.
The slump of concrete mix for pavements compacted by vibration using paving trains
should be in the range of 2510 mm and that in manual construction using needle
vibrators for compaction, the slump should be in the range of 4010 mm.
4.5.2
On
which have
mix
is
The
in
road
The
plasticizers
14
conforming to
IRC: 15-2011
mix
is
The
4.5.3
necessary
in all
may involve
5
5.1
All tools,
of
project site
in
good working
condition,
finishing
and
shall
agency
appliances
in
Arrangements
first
and curing
be
laying
at the
start.
shall maintain
of concrete shall
all
necessary
tools,
of the
equipment and
shall also
be
made for
requisite
number
of stand-by units
in
the event of
List of Tools,
5.2.1
List of Tools,
Road
Construction:
a)
Subgrade
i)
pneumatic
pactor,
ii)
baby
roller,
roller or
b)
com
iii)
Motor grader
iv)
ii)
Dumpers
iii)
iv)
Motor grader
15
sub-baseAA/BM A/VMM
IRC: 15-2011
v)
vi)
Levelling instrument
vii)
Rotavator, plougher,
tiller
ii)
Dumpers or tippers
iii)
it
IV)
Vibratory
A
V)
Pneumatic
V!)
Plate compactor
vii)
Liquid curing
viii)
Gunny bags/Hessian/coirfelt
ix)
Pneumatic
X)
xi)
Levelling instrument
d)
roller
roller
compound sprayer
roller
ii)
iii)
Slip
iv)
Side forms/side
v)
Joint cutting
vi)
(for
small projects).
form pavers
Dowel bar
inserter (DBI),
adopted as
in slip
if
form paving
vii)
Dowel
viii)
Two nos.
ix)
x)
cradles/chairs, for
steel bulk-heads
16
tie
bar inserter
is
IRC: 15-2011
xi)
xii)
Liquid curing
xiii)
xiv)
Portable
compound sprayer
pavement
protection tents
(minimum
50
season operation
xv)
e)
xvi)
Scabbier
xvii)
Edging
flexible
tool
xviii)
Levelling instrument
xix)
slip-
List of Tools,
Road
Form Paving*
Subgrade
i)
pneumatic
compactor, baby
ii)
roller,
roller
iii)
tandem
Motor grader/rotavator/tiller
Lower Sub-base
i)
Dumpers
ii)
Motor grader
iii)
Vibratory rollers of
iv)
Levelling instrument
v)
Rotavator, plougher,
vi)
0-1 2
tonnes weight
tiller
17
IRC: 15-2011
c)
vii)
Bulk-heads
viii)
ix)
Formwork and
e)
stakes
Concrete Manufacture
i)
ii)
Sieving screens
iii)
Weigh batcher
iv)
d)
iron
is
of
v)
Water pump
vi)
Water measures
vii)
Concrete mixer
ii)
Rail,
iii)
Spades
iv)
v)
vi)
Tipping trucks/dumpers
wooden
bridges
Wooden bridges
ii)
iii)
Templates
iv)
v)
Graduated wedge
vi)
vii)
viii)
Canvas
wooden floats)
belts
18
IRC: 15-2011
f)
ix)
x)
Saw-cutting machines
xi)
Scabbier
xii)
(for
and
total station
Curing
i)
ii)
Watering devices
iii)
Liquid curing
(for
ponding operation)
compound
spraying machine.
i)
Iron raker
ii)
Coir brush
iii)
Cycle pump/pneumatic
iv)
Kerosene stove
v)
Thermometer
vi)
Transferring pot
vii)
viii)
Painter's brush
ix)
Pouring kettle
x)
Scraper
xi)
Sand paper/sand
xii)
Plywood planks
xiii)
air
blasting
to
blower/air
compressor
equipment
of the joint
groove
polysulphide
projects. For
major
projects fully
5.2.3
"Recommended
in
IRC:43
Pavement
19
equipment
IRC: 15-2011
Specifications for tools, equipments and appliances required for special
5.2.4
in
These may be
referred as required.
i)
SS
ii)
IS
IS
5500
iii)
(Parti ):
Self Propelled
iv)
IS
v)
IS
2004 Vibratory
5500
(Part 2):
Parti: Self
vi)
Tandem Drum
Concrete Pavements
6.1
The cement concrete slabs (PQC) shall be constructed on two layers of sub-base. Granular
sub-base (GSB) acting as a lower sub-base and dry lean concrete (DLC) acting as upper
sub-base.
mm
shall
be
shall
laid
requirements:
i)
ii)
The subgrade
minimum
shall
iii)
CBR of 8 percent
super-elevation of subgrade shall be
same
as that
6.2
Capillary Cut-off
6.2.1
As a
by
capillarity
soil
immediately below the pavement gets more and more wet and this leads to gradual loss
in its
bearing capacity besides unequal support. Several measures, such as, depressing
measures
raising of the
embankment and
the
optimum so
ition
20
provision
IRC: 15-2011
limits
are present
in
the subgrade
soil,
addition to
in
other measures.
The
6.2.2
capillary cut-off
may be
6.2.3
compacted subgrade
given
membrane.
in
Table
7.
layer.
Whenever sand
is
used as
6.2.4
it
filter
of
be provided
at
may be stabilized
placed over
may be
may be
provided
in
any
of the
following ways:
i)
ii)
Heavy-duty
sqm
tar felt
Enveloping sides and bottom of the roadbed with heavy-duty tar felt
Table 7
Recommended Thickness
of
Graded Gravel
Situation
No.
Minimum Thickness
of layer
Graded
Fine
gravel
sand
Coarse
sand
1)
Subgrade
0.6-1 .0
m above HFL
150
350
150
2)
Subgrade
0.6-1 .0
m above HFL,
150
300
150
sandy
(mm)
Stabilized
layer
150
150
in
iii)
50 percent)
iv)
a thickness of at least 40
soil
mm
Geo-filter layer
Geo-filter fabrics
Note:
soil in
recommended
to function
as capillary
21
is,
cut-off.
however,
limited.
IRC: 15-2011
For more details about mitigating the adverse effects or high water table,
6.2.4
may be made
reference
to
IRC.34 "Recommendations
for
Road Construction
in
Waterlogged Areas".
6.3
The Sub-Base
6.3.1
The
6.3.2
shall
is
Sub base
provided over
GSB as
be atleast 30 m/day.
material to be used for the work shall be natural sand, crushed gravel,
crushed stone, or combination thereof depending upon the grading required. The materia!
shall
standards as prescribed
6.3.3
in
shall
conform
for
are for well graded granular sub-base materials. These can be used
III
heavy
rainfall,
flooding etc.
at locations
II
where
to the quality
the specifications.
Cases where
III
GSB is to be
provided
at
in
two
layers,
it
is
III
II
to
be adopted
for
in
referred.
in
GSB
The material shall have a 1 0 percent fines value of 50kN or more (for sample in soaked
condition) when tested in compliance with IS 2386 (Part IV) 1 963. The water absorption
value of the coarse aggregate shall be determined as per IS 2386 (Part
greater than 2 percent, the
site
carried out
value
is
to
III). If
this
as per IS 383.
6.3.5
Strength of Sub-Base:
used
in
It
shall
be ensured
6.3.6
execution of sub-base
prior to actual
like
minimum CBR
of
When directed by the Engineer, this shall be verified by performing CBR tests in the
laboratory as required
on specimens remoulded
22
IRC: 15-2011
Sieve
Grading
Designation
Grading
Gradi
II
Grading
gill
75.0
mm
100
100
53.0
mm
80-100
100
100
26.5
mm
55 -90
70-100
55-75
9.50
mm
35-65
50-80
4.75
mm
25-55
40-65
10-30
15-35
2.36
mm
20-40
30-50
50-80
0.425
mm
10-15
10-15
0.075
mm
<5
<5
<5
<5
30%
30%
30%
30%
The
material passing
and 6 percent
pavement
as the case
given
and
for
all
when
the grading
plasticity
tested
respectively.
6.4
Rigid
liquid limit
IV
in
IRC
is
may be.
"k"
value
is
"k"
value of subgrade/sub-base,
Table 9 Approximate
'k'-
is
given
in
Value Corresponding to
Homogeneous
Soil
CBR and
'k'
Table 9
BR
Values for
Subgrade
10
15
20
50
100
'k'-Value (kq/cm 3 )
4.80
5.50
6.20
6.90
14.00
22.00
6.5
DLC Sub-base,
6.5.1
as upper sub-base for modern concrete pavements, particularly those with high intensity
of traffic.
23
rigid
material
IRC: 15-2011
is
(like
DLC/semi
"k"
required to be
is
of rigid pavement.
6.5.2
rigid
'k'
(kg/cm ) over
untreated granular layer
sub-base of thickness in
Effective
'k'-value of
subgrade
3
(kg /cm
Effective
'k'
cement
mm
2.8
5.6
'k'
(kg/cm
treated
3
)
over
sub -base of
thickness
mm
in
150
225
300
100
150
200
3.9
4.4
5.3
7.6
10.8
14.1
6.3
7.5
8.8
12.7
17.3
22.5
9.2
10.2
11.9
"
8.4
Table 11 gives
6.5.3
IRC:SP:49 of 100
'k'
mm and
150
'k'
in
'k'
Subgrade kg/cm 3
Effective
'k'
over 100
Effective
'k'
over 150
Thickness of
mm DLC kg/crtf
mm DLC kg/cm
3
DLC sub-base
should be
sub-base
shall
soil,
(having
6.5.6
Tables 8
it
4.8
5.5
6.2
20.8
27.8
38.9
27.7
41.7
minimum 150
mm
in
case of State
finish of the
be smooth.
Where the embankment consists of heavy clay (L.L>50 percent), such as,
6.5.5
cotton
in
'k'-value of
6.5.4
minimum
In
CBR
sodium sulphate,
black
etc. in injurious
mm.
soil is
impregnated with
amounts, a
capillary cut-off
is
that limit
24
where either
it
is
more than
0.2 percent
in
IRC: 15-2011
subgrade
or
soil
more than
0.3 percent
in
situations should
both
in
DLC and
The granular sub-base shall be in a moist condition at the time the DLC
The cement content (OPC or blended) in the DLC shall be
6.5.7
50 kg/cu.m. There
shall,
is
at
Separation Membrane:
6.6
in
colour
laid flat
shall
with
minimum
be swept clean
creases.
of
all
the
curing
is
used.
In summer (when ambient temperature is more than 25C), before placing polythene
membrane, the existing DLC surface shall be wetted with water.
7
Concreting
7.1
temperature
35C,
is
is
in
WEATHER
LIMITATIONS
like,
of concrete
shall
in air
It
is
recommended
in
conditions
that unless
adequate
above.
As
7.1.1
install
chilling plant
The
7.1.2
air
for concreting.
is
it
relative humidity
is
in
desirable to
hot weather.
involved
in
concreting
in
A higher temperature of the fresh concrete results in rapid hydration and leads
demand
increases
to evaporation of
in
The slump
of concrete
25
IRC: 15-2011
when
chilled
above 35C. To
is
It
is
bring
advisable to
concrete pavement
given
is
in
Fig.
If
install
is
so that
chilling plant,
hot weather.
in
cement
expected to be above
surface shall be continuously kept wet by slight fogging, or slight spraying of water, use
of tents/ covers to minimize wind
curing
i.e.
after
mm
in
mm
in
these cracks
may develop
A good
7.1.5
laying.
7.1.4
and 0.2
24 hours of
into structural
quality concrete,
for other
which
is
strong,
abrasion, chemical attack and adverse effects of weather can only be achieved with
suitable choice of materials, proper mix proportioning
and
satisfactory controls at
all
7.1 .6
The temperature
of water
The reduction
Due
stiffening of
cement
it.
The
ice
OPC
to
The use
some
of
extent.
concrete results
53 grade
or
of water temperature
is
will
in
shall
concrete
is
faster
and rapid
be avoided
in
may be kept shaded to protect from direct sun rays. They may be sprinkled
water or may be cooled by circulating refrigerated air through pipes.
aggregates
with cold
7.1.8
To
concrete
in
However, as some of the admixture can cause undesirable secondary effects such
as reduction
is
in
recommended that
The temperature
use.
prior
of aggregates, water
26
is
below 30C,
it
their
at the
at the time
IRC: 15-2011
Concrete ZuiTwemk&v'v
Fig.
Chart for Calculation of Rate of Evaporation of Surface Moisture of Concrete from Air
Reached.
27
Line,
Till
The Rate
of Evaporation
IRC: 15-2011
7.1.9
and mixing
of batching
units should
be as close as possible
sun and
air.
The location
The form work should be covered with earth or sand out side which can be kept wet
continuously. The form work and sub-base shall be sprinkled with cold water, just prior to
placement of concrete.
7.1 .10
faster
summer
in
then
The process
curing.
compound which
will
of hydration of
cement
winter.
in
Initial
curing shall be
is
finish,
done using
be gently placed
days
in
compound has
OPC
case of
lost its
sheen.
cloth for
initial
curing.
Cold Weather
7.2
Concreting
7.2.1
in
away from
ascending
artificial
air
temperature
When
7.2.2
agent
is
concrete
mandatory. The
When
7.2.3
when a descending
air
temperature
in
is likely
air
to
content
in
away from
be subjected
artificial
to freezing the
is
until
an
.5
use of
air entraining
percent.
temperatures below those specified above, equipment to heat the aggregates and water
shall
have to be provided.
may be
indicated
In addition,
permitted.
exceed about 2 to 3
liters
The amount
of cement
Cements
is
proposed
of
shall
used
shall not
be considered
be prepared by dissolving 45 kg
about 95
liters
of
employed as an
to
in
and
additive. Also
it
is
steel reinforcement
in
When
nitrite
or calcium formate
7.2.4
may be
used.
28
it
will
have
between the
IRC: 15-2011
forms
shall
be provided. The aggregates shall be heated prior to being loaded into the
The equipment used shall mix the mass uniformly and shall preclude the
concrete mixer.
possible occurrence of overheated zones which might affect the concrete properties.
used
shall not
in
frost, ice,
alter or
Water
snow or
prevent the
7.2.5
coverings should closely follow the placing of concrete, so that only a few metres of the
finished slab are
exposed
materials;
above 1 5C
The fall
in
air,
air
placed
in
is
strong
cold weather
air
temperature
is
expected
to
fall
for at least 3
for
the
in
24 hours.
7.2.6
7.2.7
Under no circumstances
temperature
is
shall
nights,
providing thick
to
be taken
air
trial
from freezing by
sections.
7.3
In frost
in
the
7.2.8
least
when
1 .7
about 450
mm.
in
wet condition
at
frost,
mm) and total pavement thickness should be made up with non-frost susceptible material.
7.3.1
may be designed
individually for
29
in
areas above an
altitude of
IRC: 15-2011
The suggested
7.3.2
criteria for
as follows:
i)
Graded
Plasticity
ii)
gravel:
6. Liquid limit
not
more than
25.
mm
sieve
8
8.1
JOINTS
General
The location and type of joints shall be as shown in the drawings. Where semi-mechanised
method of construction is used, the concrete along the face of all joints and around all tie
bars and dowels shall be compacted with an internal vibrator inserted in the concrete and
worked along the joint and around all tie bars and dowels to ensure a concrete free from
honeycombing. In case of mechanised construction, working and vibration/RPM of all the
fixed vibrators shall
in
the
PQC,
proper marking on the projecting surface of DLC will help to cut the joint at proper location.
Initial
mm wide and
PQC
is made as soon
summer when ambient temperature is more than
30C initial cutting may be carried after 4-8 hours of laying and in winter when ambient
temperature is less than 30C, initial cut may be done at 8-1 2 hours of laying. Subsequent
will
in
be done
after
All joints in
surface
Types of Joints
are:
Expansion Joint: Such a joint provides the space into which pavement
can expand thus relieving compressive stresses due to expansion and
inhibiting any tendency towards buckling of concrete slabs.
30
IRC: 15-2011
ii)
iii)
iv)
In addition,
stops.
activity
installed in
shall
be carefully
The
different types of joints, sealing groove, their plan, cross section etc, are
Fig.
2 to
7.
may be
referred.
TIE
BARS
-LONGITUDINAL JOINT
++
t CONTRACTION
JOINT
o
o
Q
o
Fig.
31
Road
details of
shown
in
IRC: 15-2011
8.3
Transverse Joints
8.3.1
General
Transverse joints can be expansion, contraction or construction joints and shall be placed
across the traffic direction as indicated on the drawing. They shall
through
all
make a
right
angle with
be 5 m.
shall
8.3.2
of the pavement.
and spacing as shown on the drawing. They shall be provided only at bridge, under passes
and
culvert abutments.
SEALANT
SEALANT
to
91
5
i
||
s
ah
STRESS
FREE CONDITION
BONO STRESS AT
INTERFACE'
PEEUNG STRESS
TENSILE STRESS
IN
COMPRESSIVE STRESS
AT EDGE
iN
FACE MATERIAL
SEALANT
wilD
Ol'fil
INITIAL
Fig.
(Shape Factor =
io|
CONDITION OF SLAB
3 3
in
contraction/construction
joint/longitudinal joint
=
8. 3. 2. 1
is
no need
to provide
expansion
like bridges.
in
It
succession
in
is
provide
IRC: 15-2011
TOP OF THE GROOVE
IS
TIE BAR
4_1 50
mm LENGTH PAINTEO
A.
r-
|
-
t7
100
mm long
n,
PLASTIC SHEATHING
Fig.
IRC: 15-2011
8- 10mm
|
10- 13mm
SEALANT
3-.
1mm
SEALANT
PAPER BACKED
COMPRESSIBLE
HEAT RESISTANT
DEBONDING STRIP
BACKER ROD/
BACK-UP ROD
CONTRACTION JOINT
6-6mm
i
8-10mm
MB
r.-.:
1-2mm -
'
HEAT RESISTING
DEBONDING TAPE
BACKER ROD/
BACK-UP ROD
LONGITUDINAL JOINT
EXPANSION JOINT
NOTES:
Fig. 5
34
IRC: 15-2011
.
Omm
3}1mm
PAPER BACKED
COMPRESSIBLE
OEBONDING STRIP
BACK-UP ROD
CONTRACTION JOINT
6-8mm,
3+lmm
-1
SEALANT
DEBONDING TAPE
BACK-UP ROD
LONGITUDINAL JOINT
DEBONDING TAPE
COMPRESSIBLE SYNTHETIC
FILLER
BOARD
'
HP
UUiipi
EXPANSION JOINT
NOTES:
1.
Fig.
35
for
IRC: 15-2011
8-10mm
5mm
W&%k
3+1mm
SEALAN1
PAPER BACKED
COMPRESSIBLE
DEBONDING STRIP
BACK-UP ROD
CONTRACTION JOINT
LONGITUDINAL JOINT
EXPANSION JOINT
NOTES:
2.
Fig.
36
IRC: 15-2011
8.3.2.2
location
required at expansion joints to transfer wheel loads to the adjacent slab. For slabs of
mm dowel bars may not be provided (IS 6509-1972). The premoulded synthetic expansion joint filler board a compressible material shall be used to fill
the gap between adjacent slabs at expansion joint. The height of the filler board shall be
such that its top is 25 mm below the surface of the pavement. The accurate placing of
thickness less than 150
dowels
at the
bars
If
in
holes
split
may also be
bulkheads
used.
are provided, bulkheads shall be designed such that they can hold the projecting ends of
the dowel bars to maintain their alignment.
A box
section normally
is
adopted
for
such
designs.
8.3.2.3
line
The bulkheads
shall
be securely staked
in
may
This
8.3.2.4
in
filler
wooden
strips of
20-25
mm x 25 mm
may be shaped
in
strip
suitably.
Under no circumstances shall any concrete be left above the expansion joint
any point. Any concrete spanning the ends of the joint next to the
forms shall be carefully cut away after the forms are removed.
8.3.2.5
filler
8.3.3
These shall be placed as shown on the drawing and shall be of the weakened plane of
"dummy" groove type. They shall be constructed by forming in the surface of the slab, a slot
not less than 3 mm wide and having a depth equal to one-fourth to one-third the depth of
the pavement at the thinnest part of its section. The groove is formed preferably by a joint
cutting saw. This groove is subsequently widened and sealed with sealant as shown in
Fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7. Alternatively in manual construction and minor works, the slot may be
formed in a manner approved by the Engineer-in-Charge, such as, by pushing into the
concrete a
flat
bar or plastic
strip or
the
removing the
37
slot
bar.
IRC: 15-2011
8.3.4
These shall be placed whenever placing of concrete is suspended for more than 30 minutes.
Excepting in the case of emergency, construction shall always be suspended at the regular
site of
expansion or contraction
joint.
If
At
all
taken
in
if
is
In
case of emergency
construction joints, bulkhead shall be used to retain the concrete and care shall be
in striking off
and
laid
in
When work is
in
excess of 3 mm,
shall
be corrected.
8.3.5
Transverse joints shall be straight within the following tolerances along the intended
joints
which
position
is
position shall
be as described
in
Deviations of the
i)
intended
at road junctions or
the drawings
filler
board
in
10 mm.
The best fit straight line through the joint grooves as constructed
be more than 25 mm from the intended line of the joint.
ii)
iii)
line of
the straight line transverse to the longitudinal axis of the carriageway at the
shall not
mm.
shall
be
in line
with
each other and of the same type and width. Transverse joints shall have a
sealing groove which shall be sealed as per Clause 8.6 and 8.7.
8.3.6
Dowel Bars
Dowel bars
shall
be mild
steel
in
in
oil, dirt,
anti-corrosion treatment.
38
IRC: 15-2011
cradles/dowel chairs
in
Dowel Bar
plastic concrete by a method which ensures correct placement of the bars besides full
re-
dowel bars
in
is
discussed
Pavements
for
of
Table 12.
mm
8.3.8
in
Recommended dimensions
IRC:58.
Recommended Dimensions
Table 12
Slab thickness,
in
mm
Length,
mm
Spacing,
300
200
25
450
250
32
450
300
300
38
500
300
350
38
500
300
mm
line of
at
a tolerance of 25
mm, and
All
b)
c)
bars
in
in
in
plane.
d)
shall
line of joint,
be continuous across
the joint.
2)
For
all
Dowel
of 110
for
bars, supported
alignment as indicated
on cradles
in
39
in 1
assemblies,
in
above.
when
subject to a load
IRC: 15-2011
direction
shall
conform
to
limits
horizontally)
Two-thirds of the
i)
not deflect
ii)
shall
Dowel bars shall be covered by a thin plastic sheath for at least 60 percent of
one end for dowel bars in contraction joints or half the length plus 50 mm for
expansion joints. The sheath shall be tough, durable and of an average thickness not greater
8.3.9
mm and
than 0.5
shall
shall
Four bars shall be taken at random from stock or without any special preparation
be covered by sheaths as required in this Clause. The ends of the dowel bars
which have been sheathed shall be cast centrally into concrete specimens 150 x 150 x
8.3.10
and
shall
60i n
l
ii
ii
i<
!<
'
the
san le mix
ropoi tions to
be used!
in
maximum
IS 516. At 7
days a
8.3.11
be applied
to achieve a
of Gl pipe of 3
in
filler
board
shall
be
formed between the end of the cap and the end of the dowel bar by using compressible
sponge. To block the entry of cement slurry between dowel and cap
it
may be taped
all
around.
8.4
Longitudinal Joints
8.4.1
General
and
shall
different
methods:
(i)
They can
(ii)
may be
shall
of the
becomes necessary
40
machine (generally
to relieve
with
in
6-14
IRC: 15-2011
8.4.2
Tie
Tie bars
in
deformed
bars
be
steel bars
given below.
oil, dirt,
in
8.4.3
or
pavements wherever
it
is
slabs from separating. Tie bars are not required for structural reasons, but their only function
being to prevent separation of the slabs, especially at fills or curves. Tie bars are-not
designed to act as load transfer devices. Tie bars are designed to with stand tensile stresses
only.
Tie bars projecting across the longitudinal joint shall be protected from corrosion
8.4.4
for
75
mm on each side of the joint by a protective coating of bituminous paint with the
8.4.5
The coating
be
laid
shall
automatically
in
fully
mechanised construction
tie
bars
rigid
in
be made up
manually inserted
into
tie
slip
in
into rigid
may be mechanically or
ensures correct placement of the bars and re-compaction of the concrete around the tie
bars
(tie
bar inserter).
When the pavement is constructed in single lane width, tie rods are
paving these
may be
in
fixed form
bent so that half length remains along the form. After removal of
forms, bars shall be straightened using hollow Gl pipe so that they extend into the concrete
depth as indicated
in
perpendicular to the
be positioned
to
+ 50
minimum cover of 30
in
concrete slabs.
8.5
8.5.1
For more details about arrangement of the different types of joints, IRC:57
be
referred.
slab configuration
is
considered as 3.5
m x 5.0 m.
41
In
may
general,
IRC: 15-2011
Slab
Thickness
Diameter
(mm)
(d)
Deformed
(mm)
Bars
Bars
330
530
440
480
10
520
830
510
560
10
390
620
510
560
12
560
900
580
640
250
12
450
720
580
640
300
12
370
600
580
640
16
660
1060
720
800
350
12
320
510
580
640
16
570
910
720
800
1
I
ou
Deformed
Plain Bars
Bars
Note:
1
The recommended
parameters
2)
S=125 MPa
details are
200
MPa
for
deformed
Where S
is
minimum
is
bars,
Bond
W =24 Kg/sqm/cm of
is
minimum bond
slab.
strength of
8.5
8.5.1
be
bar,
of different design
m x 5.0 m.
For more details about arrangement of the different types of joints, IRC:57
referred.
slab configuration
8.5.2
is
considered as 3.5
percent.
In
may
general,
m x 5.0 m.
of horizontal thrust
is
slab and terminal slab. In case the concrete slab abuts with culvert structure, the construction
of
42
IRC: 15-2011
-EXPANSION JOINT
r \2mm*
CONSTRUCTION
JOINT
APPROACH SLAB
'50 THICK
/BED CONCRETE
i-M-15 GRADE.
150 THICK
M6mm* O
'SUBGRADE BEAM
"M-15 GRAOE
ANCHOR BEAU.
M-35 GRADE
300 C/C
BED CONCRETE.
M-15 GRAOE
NOTE'
1)
2)
All
dimension are
Only
in
mm.
typical reinforcement
details
in
the figure.
Fig.
8 Details of Anchor
8.6
8.6.1
Joint
in
the
first
Slab
8.6.2
in
If
a chamfer approximately 5
mm
wide.
If
the groove
is
at
perpendicular to the surface, the over-hanging edge of the sealing groove shall be
or ground perpendicular.
If
is
sawn
greater than
0,
and
shall
like,
mm for longitudinaljoints.
be repaired by an approved
If
thin
bonded arises
repair,
8.6.3
All
grooves
filtered, oil-free
8.6.4
The groove
shall
43
and
sealing.
IRC: 15-2011
8.6.5
Before sealing, the temporary seal inserted before subsequent widening for
paper-backed debonding
strip
as per drawing/IRC:57
shall
be inserted
in
the groove to
serve the purpose of breaking the bond between sealant and the bottom of the groove and
to plug the joint
the groove.
In
it
is
The
held tightly
in
8.7.1
When
if
temperature
8.7.2
If
in
is
used,
in
it
is
shall
Fig. 9,10
below 7C.
and
11
Hot sealants
shall
be rubberized
bitumen type. For large road projects, sealant shall be applied with extruder having
to a
in
-:
r~
SEE
ELEVATION
12
55
flexible
SIDE VIEW
12
PLAN
Fig.
9 Details of Raker
44
IRC: 15-2011
PLAN
nE 0 Mff.S
Fig.
45
::n-i .%HF
IN'OICATlVf
ONLY
IRC: 15-2011
Fig.
8.7.3
1 1
Sealant
limit
like,
polysulphide/silicone/
If
primers are
recommended
they shall be applied neatly with an appropriate brush after cleaning the grooves/cut portion
with
compressed
air.
any change
8.7.4
in
is
X 1 00
(-)
(Compressed Width
Original
(+)
(Expanded Width
Silicone,
it
Original Width)
Width
Original Width)
Original
8.7.5
defined as:
X 1 00
Width
is
and Silicone/polyurethane.
air and hence
should be placed
in
depth/width ratio of grooves should be modified. Besides the curing time of silicone
is
IRC: 15-2011
8.7.6
at contraction
result in bulging of
sealant
the sealant over and above the slab. The right temperature and time for applying the
pole
in the site for facilitating
on
a
installed
shall
be
Thermometer
first.
determined
shall be
control during the sealing operation.
8.7.7
of 31
slightly to
mm.
During sealing operation,
8.7.8
it
shall
be seen that no
air
in
Reformed sealing
8.7.9
made
strips of
pressed during
insertion.
in
is
The strips
always under
require primer.
also
will
Fig.
9.1
A systems approach may be adopted for construction of the pavement, and the Method
Statement
all
it
be planned accordingly.
9.2
9.2.1
The requirement of cement being of a very high order; cement is normally stored
in
Cement
is
carted
in
case of small projects involving manual or semi-mechanised paving, cement in bags may
be used.
9.2.2
when
its
normally concreting
is
discontinued.
Cement
having lumps which have been caused due to improper storage or by pressure due to
47
IRC: 15-2011
over-loading of bags shall not be considered for use unless these lumps can be easily
powdered with pressure between fingers. Before such cement is used, representative
sample containing the lumps in fair proportion also shall be taken and tested to fulfil the
minimum requirements.
Owing
9.2.3
cement and
in its
storage and
in
any case,
it
should not
9.3
The location and preparation of sites, minimum size of stack and the methods
dumping and stacking to prevent segregation of coarse and fine material
9.3.1
adopted
for
be subjected to the approval of the Engineer. Aggregates stock piles may be made
on ground that is denuded of vegetation, levelled, compacted with good quality soil subbase material and well drained. Aggregates from different sources and/or of different
grading shall not be stacked together. Each separate size of coarse aggregate shall be
stacked separately and separate wooden or steel partition shall be provided to avoid
intermixing. The storing of aggregates upon the carriageway or shoulders shall not be
shall
permitted.
9.3.2
If
rolling of
be
built
up
in
in
down the
will
be increased by the
this,
stacks should
may be helpful
the ground or
to
in
in
easily;
it
9.3.3
foreign matter.
The aggregates shall be handled from the stacks and fed into the mixer in such
a manner as to secure the stipulated grading of the material. Aggregates that have become
9.3.4
mixed with earth or other foreign material shall not be used. They shall be washed clean
before use. The aggregates contaminated with fine dust, etc. are normally screened with
a mobile screening plant before use.
9.4
Batching of Materials
9.4.1
All
shall
48
IRC: 15-2011
9.4.2
manufacturer.
it
All
it
CONSTRUCTION
10
Mechanised Construction
10.1
Fully
10.1.1
General
The batching
fine
cement
scale for
vented to
shall
which
1
The batch
will
0.1 .2
Bins with
Bins
and
and hoppers
batching plant.
10.1.3
in
In addition,
if
used.
The batching
plant shall
shall
means of
cells.
at least two
admixtures
in
so that the
An
Control cabin
the equipment.
10.1.5.
is
recommended. However,
49
boxes
shall
if
batching by volume
is
IRC: 15-2011
The boxes shall be of strong construction provided with handles for convenient
and loading into the mixer. They shall be of such size that it should be possible to
measure out the requisite quantity and capable of being lifted by two men. Each box shall
aggregates.
lifting
be provided with a straight edge of required length for striking off after filling. If so directed
by the Engineer, improved facilities, such as, tipping boxes of accurate capacity working
on run-out rails arranged for direct delivery into the hopper of the mixer shall be provided
by the construction agency. In volume batching, suitable allowance shall be made for the
bulking of fine aggregate due to the presence of water. For this purpose, the bulking shall
be determined as per relevant Indian Standard
The
10.1 .6
As
there
is
is
Specification.
an important issue
to
be looked
into while
water within a stipulated time, the mix shall not normally be carried beyond
km
of lead
on a maintained road not requiring more than 40 minutes of travel time. Therefore, the
location of the batching plant in a road project has to be decided carefully.
Mixers
10.1.7
Mixers shall
pan type, reversible type with single or twin shaft or any other mixer capable
fre
and admixtures
uniform
mass
segregation.
In
may be mixed
and
20-30 seconds).
is
Facility i.e
bell or
will
it
into a
hydrometers
site.
Each
for the
measurement
of the
be equipped
at the
end
each time the lock is released. In case of failure of the timing device, the mixer may
be used for the balance of the day while it is being repaired, provided that each batch is
signal
mixed
for
shall
be
The mixers shall be cleaned at suitable intervals. The pick up and throw-over blades in the
drum or drums shall be repaired or replaced when they are worn down 20 mm or more.
The Contractor shall (1) have at the job site a copy of the manufacturer's design, showing
dimensions and arrangements of blades
provide permanent marks on blade to
in
show points of 20
(2)
holes of 5 mm diameter near each end and at midpoint of each blade are
recommended. Batching plant shall be calibrated for the each ingredients up to its maximum
Drilled
quantity being
exceeding
used
in
in
month.
50
IRC: 15-2011
10.1.8
Mixing
10.1.8.1
General
The mixing
of concrete shall
be done
in
a plant which
will
uniform
is
ensure a uniform
in
distribution of
All
The mixer shall be equipped with an approved water measuring device capable
measurement of water required per batch. The mixer shall preferably be
of accurate
The mixer shall normally be equipped with an approved timing device which will
end
be permitted
is
to
released.
If
full
be equipped with a
for at least
10.1.8.4
one and a
half
in
it
at the
adjusted to ring
is
provided.
Each batch
shall
be
bell,
mixed
mixer tank.
no case
end
be corrected by reducing
shall the
exceed the manufacturer's guaranteed capacity of the mixer. The type, size and number of
mixers shall be so chosen as to provide the required output without overloading.
10.1.8.5
of the
drum
shall not
be less than
ash
if
shall
be coarse aggregates,
programmed
10.1.8.7
fine aggregates,
m per minute.
in
in
the
last.
cement,
The plasticizer
The quantitities
The skip shall be so maintained and operated that each batch will be completely
into the mixing drum at the loading of the mixer. The mixer shall be cleaned at
discharged
10.1.9
Time of mixing
51
one and
all
IRC: 15-2011
10.1.10
Retempering
The retempering
of concrete,
be permitted.
10.1.11
i.e.,
Hauling of concrete
Freshly mixed concrete from the central batching and mixing plant shall be transported to
means
in sufficient
with a uniform
jobs, concrete
can
and
be transported
10.1.12
Placing of concrete
Concrete mixed
in
be transported
the concrete which has been mixed too long before laying
will
site.
be rejected and
shall
be
until
when
25C and 1 00 minutes when the concrete temperature
the completion of the surface finishing and texturing shall not exceed 120 minutes
concrete temperature
is
is
less than
until after
on
plastic
Equipment
The concrete shall be placed with an approved fixed form or slip form paver with independent
units designed to (i) spread, (ii) consolidate from the mould, screed and float-finish,
(iii) texture and cure the freshly placed concrete in one complete pass of the machine in
such a manner that a minimum of hand finishing will be necessary and so as to provide a
dense and homogeneous pavement in conformity with the plans and Specifications.
The paver shall be equipped with electronic sensors to pave the slab to the required
thickness, camber and alignment in the case of slip form pavers.
Vibrators shall operate at a frequency and spacing
The variable
The placement
in
recommended by the
manufacturer.
the machine.
prefixing the
finisher.
be provided
of
dowels on
52
IRC: 15-2011
10.1,14
10.1.14
Where
edges
mm.
slip
form paving
Each guidewire
of the slab
is
shall
as described
one
be
in
at
to the
be kept
at
in
of 2
lateral
Additionally,
tolerance of 1 0
10.1 14.2
mm
The guidewires
shall
case of paving
vertical
point
apart by
adjustment.
be tensioned
shall
shall
between any
pair of stakes.
The ends
of the
guidewires shall be anchored to fixing point or winch and not on the stakes.
10.1.14.3
height and alignment 12 hours on the day before concreting takes place
after finishing of the concrete.
The guidewires
shall
until
12 hours
The Engineer
shall inspect
in
proceed
until
line
and
level,
Any
It
shall
Arrangements should be
it
in
not
case the
string line
is in
is
progress.
inadvertently
disturbed.
10.1.15
Construction by
10.1.15.1
The
compacts and
shall
slip
slip
form pa ver
form paving
in
internal vibration
and shape
it
and
to a height
which
at
all
times
off to
is in
means
screw auger device extending across the whole width of the slab.
The equipment for striking off the concrete shall be capable of being rapidly adjusted for
changes of the average and differential surcharge necessitated by change in slab thickness
of the strike off plate or a
or cross
fall.
53
IRC: 15-2011
The
10.1.15.2
level of the
alignment and level of ancillary machines for finishing, texturing and curing of the concrete
shall
be automatically controlled
relative to the
10.1.15.3
Slip
shall
maximum energy output of not less than 2.5 KW per metre width of slab per 300 mm depth
of slab for a laying
shall
be
speed upto
mass
of sufficient
.5
to provide
concrete
10.
1.
The machines
movements
in all situations.
15.4
If
slip
top edge of the slab does not comply with the requirements then special measures approved
by the Engineer shall be taken to support the edges to the required levels and work
be stopped
edges
until
shall
have
to
shall
form the
be corrected by adding
10.
1.
15.5
in
plant should
be
sufficiently
m per minute.
is
essential for
10.1.16
Surface texture
10.1.16.1
Tining
and
longitudinal direction
be done by
(i.e.,
liquid curing
at right
The texturing
A beam
or a bridge
unit shall
in
shall
tines.
to
of slurry.
The
tines
will
tines
as necessary
54
IRC: 15-2011
commencing
replaced before
and
grooves
texturing. Tined
texturing shall
beam
of at least 3
The spacing
Random spacing
14
10
The above
any, shall
wide and
be removed
specified
is
in
transverse direction, a
if
Transverse Tining:
a)
mm
be 3
shall
3 to 4
in
shall
conform
shall
be
at
to a pattern
in
mm
16
11
pattern shall
10
13
15
be repeated. Texturing
16
shall
10
11
be done
13
21
10
grooves after forming shall not close and they shall not get roughened. Swerving of groove
patterns
not be permitted.
will
The completed
shall
in
digital)
b)
shall
Contract.
The
to
be 3
to
shall
be wide enough
be done,
if
specified
in
the
be 18
to
21
shall
(simple/digital)
on the instructions of the Engineer, the brush texturing may be applied. The
450
in
The brush shall be made of 32 gauge tape wires grouped together in tufts placed
mm centres. The tufts shall contain an average of 14 wires and initially be 100 mm
long. The brush shall have two rows of tufts. The rows shall be 20 mm apart and the tufts
at 10
in
one row shall be opposite the centre of the gap between tufts in the other
shall be replaced when the shortest tuft wears down to 90 mm length.
once
for
shall
row.
it
The brush
be performed
necessary at
along a diagonal
line
shall
55
be taken
IRC: 15-2011
No measurement
slab constructed
shall
in
as given
in
minimum
required
Time of Specified
Tolerance
Number
No.
1)
after
until
the slab
Not
2)
is first
later
the road
Texture Depth
(mm) Required
An average
of
1.00
0.25
1.00
+0.25
5 measurements
used by vehicles.
An average
of Test
Measurements
opened
to public traffic.
of
5 measurements
-0.35
make
good the texture across the full lane width over length as directed by the Engineer, by
retexturing the hardened concrete surface in an approved manner.
The edges
having a radius of 3
be rounded
an
arising tool
line.
Measurement of texture depth-sand patch method: The following apparatus shall be used:
1 )
2)
3)
rubber disc.
.5
mm thick,
with a handle.
Dry natural sand with a rounded particle shape passing a 300 micron
IS sieve and retained on a 1 50 micron IS sieve.
The surface to be measured shall be dried, any extraneous mortar and loose material
removed and the surface swept clean using a wire brush both at right angles and parallel
to the carriageway. The cylindrical container shall be filled with the sand, tapping the base
3 times on the surface to ensure compaction, and
the cylinder.
shall
The sand
shall
be poured
into
sand
be spread over the pavement surface, working the disc with its face kept flat in a
motion so that the sand is spread into a circular patch with the surface depressions
with sand to the level of peaks.
circular
filled
56
IRC: 15-2011
shall
be measured
to the
nearest 5
In
in
is
mm.
Measurement of texture depth by Vernier
.17
case of texturing by
fining,
Calliper
method
10.2
10.2.1
General
Use
not be possible
in
in
remote
hilly
terrains or near
always of better
quality.
and surface may not be the same as achieved with mechanised constructions.
Forms
10.2.2
In
it
is
common
to
use
slip
made of
Wooden forms,
forms are necessary to retain the shape of green concrete slab. The fixed-forms
steel
damaged
after
made use
of.
last resort.
Steel forms
10.2.3
the Engineer.
be
levelled
process.
The
sub-base.
In
the
latter
all
loads applied
in
shall
the paving
along curves.
10.2.4
45 m
the
The sections
radius,
shall
have a length of at
least 3
maximum deviation of the top surface of any section from a straight line shall not exceed
57
IRC: 15-2011
mm in the vertical plane and 5 mm in the horizontal plane. The method of connection
between sections
play or
shall
be such
shall
in level,
will
not be
each 3
must be ample
formed
The supply
10.2.5
will
in
in
place for
Wooden forms
10.2.6
is
only
when
all
curves having
inside face.
radii of less
than 45 m,
used on
straights shall
intervals not
The forms
joints,
exceeding 2 m.
shall
be
it
firmly nailed or
secured
face of the
result
finishing work.
be placed
at
each joint.
at
Wooden forms
shall
be capped
wooden forms. The maximum deviation of the top surface of any section from
shall
side, shall
laid.
Setting of forms
and
shall
be obtained
to
shall
be thoroughly tamped
in
and
in
an approved manner.
of
mm
The
levels
length
58
IRC: 15-2011
Placement of steel
1 0.2.8
In
of the slabs
and
initial
Dowels
10.2.9
Transverse joints shall be provided with dowels and of the dimension and at the spacing
and
location indicated
and
in
line of the
10.2.10
Tie bars
bonded
to the
in
place, accurately
opening of such
joints
and
shall
be
adjacent slabs on both sides of the longitudinal joint. These are installed by
providing appropriate chair or these are installed by providing appropriate (drilled) holes
in
in
traffic
and straightened
Plants equipments
and
tools
later at the
in
The
is
to
plants
be
and
:-
i)
couple of
The number
tilting
of mixers to
be employed
in
project.
levelled fixed
pavement
surface.
vibrators
iv)
and
finisher
Concrete-saw: This
fitted with
59
in
IRC: 15-2011
Hand
v)
compound
at least
brooms
vi)
Texturing
vii)
Straight
viii)
ix)
edges
of 3
m length.
joints.
00-1 50
m length.
x)
Hauling of mix
0.2.1 2
Transporting of concrete mix from mixer to paving site with steel pans
is
not permitted
in
major works. However, these can be permitted in small size works only with the written
permission of the Engineer. The mix tends to get segregated during such handling. It is
desirable to use wheel-barrows or trolleys for carrying mix to the paving
of the mix
1 0.2. 1 3
Placing of concrete
Where semi-mechanised
construction technique
is
site.
The workability
between the forms directly from head loads or wheel barrows. Where a certain amount of
redistribution is necessary, it shall be done with shovels and not with rakes. The concrete
be compacted with needle vibrators and vibrating screeds in semi-mechanised
where a paver finisher is not available. Use of vibrator near side forms is
essential to eliminate honey combing. To effect adequate compaction, the concrete shall
be placed with appropriate surcharge over the final slab thickness. The amount of surcharge
shall
construction
will
of placement of concrete
is
and
shall
trial. In
sub-base
be determined by
shall
spreading.
In
at the point of
suspended
10.2.14
is
stoppage of work provided the section on which the work has been
about 2 to 3
m long.
Compaction
shall
labour-oriented technique
be accomplished by a
vibrating screed
For slabs of thickness more than 125 mm, vibrating screeds may be supplemented
by portable needle vibrators. The vibrating screed shall rest on side forms. It shall be
vibrators.
60
IRC: 15-2011
lowered vertically on to the concrete surface, evenly spread to the appropriate level above
the base to provide the required surcharge for compaction; allowed to remain in position
lowered to the
for a few seconds until compaction is complete, then lifted vertically and
strip of
be done by means of vibrating screed alone, while for thickness greater than 125 mm both
internal vibrators, like, needle and vibrating screeds shall be used. Even in the case of
slabs of lower thickness, internal vibrators may be used with advantage of compacting the
and edges. The working of the vibrators shall be regularly checked and stand
for emergency use. Segregated particles of coarse aggregate
which collect in front of the screed shall be discarded. Under no circumstances shall such
segregated particles be carried forward and pushed on to the base in front of the mass.
slab corners
Compaction by screeding shall be carried on till the mortar in the mix just works upto the
surface. Care shall be exercised and the operation of tamping so controlled as to prevent
an excess of mortar and water from being worked on the top. Repeated operation other
than to secure the necessary compaction and to eliminate voids shall be avoided.
Immediately after the screeding has been completed and before the concrete has hardened,
i.e.
irregularities with
is still in
profile
10.2.15
made by adding
and finishing.
Floating
practicable after the concrete has been compacted, its surface shall be
smoothened by means of a longitudinal float, operated from a foot-bridge. The longitudinal
float shall be worked with a sawing motion, while held in a floating position parallel to the
carriageway centreline and passed gradually from one side of the pavement to the other.
Movements ahead along the centreline of the carriageway shall be in successive advances
As soon as
of not
process
Forms
shall not
12 hours, whichever
is later.
61
IRC: 15-2011
Straight edging
1 0.2.1 7
centreline
in
is still plastic,
in
contact with the surface and the whole area gone over from one side of the
in
one-half length of the straight edge. Any area of depression found shall be scooped to a
depth of 40-50
refinished.
High areas shall be cut down and refinished. The straight edging and refloating
the straight edge and the slab has the required grade and camber.
10.2.18
set, with
the 3
to the
carriageway centre
it
concrete surface.
At any point tested, the concrete shall not show a departure greater than 3
10.2.20
mm
any place the departure exceeds this value, not more than
3 passes of the vibrating screed shall be allowed and the surface tested again in the
specified manner. If the irregularity still exceeds the limit aforesaid, the concrete shall be
removed to a depth of 50 mm or upto the top surface of the reinforcement, if any. The area
of concrete to be removed shall be demarcated by the length of the straight edge in the
position of
in
the
at
not be re-used
for
If
in
of the slab.
shall
in
accuracy of finish.
10.2.21
of the irregularity
may be removed
if
for
is
to
already hardened.
1 0.2.22
10.2.23
Texturing
becomes
it
shall
be textured with an
62
laid
down
in
IRC: 15-2011
IRC:43.
The broom
shall
be uniform
in
mm
slightly
texture depth
in
.5
produced
be completed before the concrete reaches such a stage that the surface
will
irregularities,
is likely
shall
particles of
to
be free
may
the surface.
10.2.24
Edging
taken
its initial
arising tool of 3
to leave the
set,
line.
10.3
General:
In this
case, laying of
PQC is similar
to
paving
train
similar to
is
The method
in
side forms or
rails
train
finish
rails shall
and guidewires
be of mild
also
a continuous operation.
Side forms,
obtained.
of 6
is
the concrete
All
rails.
1 0.3.1
is
minimum thickness
mm and rigid to support the weight and pressure exerted by the paving equipment.
0.3.2
Side forms for use with wheeled paving machines shall incorporate metal
firmly fixed at
firmly
a constant height below the top of the forms. The forms and
secured
in
rails
rails shall
be
m length so as to prevent
movement in any direction. Forms and rails shall be straight within a tolerance of 3 mm in
3 m and when in place shall not settle in excess of 1 .5 mm in 3 m while paving is being
done. Forms shall be cleaned and oiled immediately before each use.
63
IRC: 15-2011
The forms shall be bedded on a continuous bed of lean cement mortar or concrete
line and levels shown on the drawings within tolerances +1 0 mm and +2 mm
respectively. The bedding shall not extend under the slab and there shall be no vertical
step between adjacent forms of more than 2 mm. The forms shall be got inspected from
the Engineer for his approval 1 2 hours before the construction of the slab and just prior to
concreting and shall not be removed until at least 12 hours afterwards.
1
0.3.3
10.3.4
At
for at least
all
200
10.3.5
The concrete
spreader which
is
shall
be
laid within
for controlling
off
its
into
is
more.
a hopper of the
rate of deposition
on
to the
amount of cutting down by the distributor of the spreader. The distributor of spreader
If
slab.
The vibratory compactor shall be set to strike off the surface slightly high so that
cut down to the required level by the oscillating beam. The machine shall be capable
of being rapidly adjusted for changes in average and differential surcharge necessitated
by changes in slab thickness or cross fall. The final finisher shall be capable to finish the
surface to the required level and smoothness as specified, care being taken to avoid
10.3.6
it
is
10.4
This
is
one
is
should be well
10.5
The joint
case of tied shoulder, the earth near the edge of the shoulder
compacted so as to minimize the entry of water. It is desirable to provide
well
this
In
in
a width of 500
it
shall
laid
be ensured
macadam (DBM)
64
is
known
mm,
it
Where the
IRC: 15-2011
electronic sensor to achieve the desired level, grade
in
mix and paved as a sub-base after treating the material with fresh bitumen and aggregates
Widening of Road
10.6
of the existing
is
sound enough
at least
50
in
the sides of the existing metalling after taking care to see that the bottom of such trenches
is
well
compacted
with
00
OMC and well compacted before placing of the new sub-base material. The correction to
the unevenness of the surface and for camber shall follow the
paragraph. Normal
and hardener
in
tie
the existing
drilling
and
10.7
Transition, Approach,
10.7.1
The
shown
in
anchor
Fig. 12.
longitudinal joint
details
shown
in
shall
Fig. 8. Fig.
details of
iXPANSION JOIN
RIGID
epoxy
PQC to be widened.
PAVEMENT
TOLYTHYLENE SHEET,
126
MICRON THICK
NOTES
PQC: PAVEMENT QUALITY CONCRETE
DLC;
Fig.
65
IRC: 15-2011
'"
-RUBBERISED BITUMEN
SEALANT
BITUMINOUS
MAIN CARRIAGEWAY
SHOULDER
8 1 rnm
21
if
51
mm
SEALANT
PAVEMENT QUALITY
CONCRETE
(POC)
VARIABLE
5mm
BITUMINOUS
IAYER
Fig.
THICK
COMPRESSIBLE
0E80NDING STRIP
the curve portion of radius less than 45 m, the spacing between contraction
be closer than the normal spacing The slabs at the critical sections like curve
underpasses, steep gradient and the slabs having manhole cover with-in itself,
in
joints shall
portion,
spacing of
10.7.3
50
more than
.5 shall
be reinforced with
mm dia bars at
over flexible
pavement.
10.8
Curing of Concrete
10.8.1
Immediately after the finishing operations have been completed, the entire
laid
66
IRC: 15-2011
hessian
shall
be
resin
based aluminized
reflective type.
For small works, curing can be done by manual methods using wet hessian
n)
which
is
minimum period of 14
done for 16 days.
The water used
days.
In
be free from
all
be
shall
and
compound
immediately after the surface texturing, the surface and sides of the slab shall be cured by
compound or white
pigmented curing compound which hardens into an impervious film or membrane with the
compounds
Curing
aluminum
in finely
divided
dispersion to produce a complete coverage of the sprayed surface with a metallic finish.
The compound shall become stable and impervious to evaporation of water from the surface
of the concrete within
compounds
shall
accordance with
60 minutes
of application
BS
Specification
and
shall
be
of
approved
type.
The curing
90 percent
in
2.
The curing compound shall not react chemically with the concrete and the film
membrane shall not crack, peel or disintegrate within three weeks after application.
10.8.2.2
or
The
rate of
spread
shall
be
in
in its
containers.
Engineer.
trial
length
shall incorporate
an
efficient
mechanical device
for
the curing
by
covering the finished concrete pavement with tents supported on mobile truss during
adverse weather conditions as directed by the Engineer. After two or three hours, the
(minimum
of two layers)
and
same shall then be kept damp for a minimum period of 1 4 days after which time the
hessian may be removed. During the curing period, the hessian shall be kept continuously
moist. All damaged/torn hessian shall be removed and replaced by new hessian on a
the
67
IRC: 15-2011
in
the
field.
10.8.3
used
shall
be
of
such length
pavement shall be
when
laid will
extend
The coverings
mats.
at least
entirely
500
mm beyond
the edges of the slab, shall be so placed that the entire surface and placed as soon as the
concrete has set sufficiently to prevent marring of the surface. Prior to their being placed,
the coverings shall be thoroughly wetted with water and placed with the wettest side down.
They shall be
sufficiently
surface covered.
until
fully
to
remain
wetted and
the concrete
is
in
in
24 hours
position for
sufficiently
after
without suffering any damage. To maintain the coverings wet, water shall be gently spayed
so as to avoid
damage
If it
becomes necessary
to
remove the
coverings for cutting the joints, the concrete slab shall not be kept exposed for a period of
more than
than
half
kg/sq m/hour to avoid plastic shrinkage cracking. Water curing shall be done for a
minimum
period of 14 days.
10.8.3. 1
furnished
in strips,
50
the covering
is
mm.
10.8.3.2
If
laid
will
not be permitted to
Concreting during
10.9
monsoon months
1'
reting during
situation,
it
it
rains,
all
adequately protected by
damaged by
rain shall
means
been covered
for curing
purposes
in
recommended
68
be
to the surface or
shall
Any concrete
IRC: 15-2011
Work on Gradients
10.10
of placing,
compacting and
finishing of concrete
should proceed from the lower to the higher reaches. The concrete mix
that
used on
subgrade
Slump
is
level reaches. In
case
in
two layers
in
the
of concrete mix in
Protection of Concrete
10.11
Suitable barricades and sign boards shall be erected and maintained and
employed
to
exclude
traffic
impede
traffic
pavement
provided.
in
suitable
in
any way
to interfere with or
to
watchmen
it
is
to the traffic.
necessary
shall
lights shall
shall
traffic
have to be
and approved
by the Engineer.
Any
10.12
its final
part of the
acceptance
The pavement
shall
be protected against
shall
may be
The
proposed
trial
length, a detailed
equipments,
etc.,
proposed
No
trials
in
in
preferable tn
open
after
28 days of curing.
one month
in
advance
shall
like,
paving
train,
new
materials, plant
equipment or construction
shall
These trial lengths shall be constructed away from the carriageway but with
11 .2
30
rn
of the
least
is
of
it
method statement
plant,
trials.
that of construction
concrete paving work. At least one month prior to the construction of the
proposed materials,
trial
usage including
trial
start of
traffic
TRIAL LENGTH
11
11.1
all
at least
it.
The trial
long for
69
IRC: 15-2011
11 .3
The
trial
in
minimum
of
at
30
mechanized construction and a minimum of 1 5 m on each day for hand guided construction.
The trial length shall be constructed at a similar rate to that which is proposed for the main
work. Minimum of thirty (30) beams forflexural strength (and thirty (30) cubes desired by
the Engineer for the purpose of co-relation) shall be cast. At the age of 28 days, thirty (30)
cores with diameter 1 50 mm shall be cut from the slab. The cores shall be saw cut at both
ends to provide a specimen height of 300 mm 5 mm and shall be tested for compressive
strength at the age of 28 days. The test results of beam, cube and core shall conform to
Clauses 12.8.1, 12.8.2 and 12.21.
if
11.4
Transverse
joints
and
longitudinal joints of
proposed
11.5
be reinstated
Acceptance
length shall
in
the
trial
length.
Any deficiency in
Criteria of Trial
In
in all
trial
in
line of
the
trial
length.
irregularities of
pavement surface
concrete slabs
11
contraction,
(i.e
each type
shall
shall
be assessed
Alignment of dowel
i)
a width of 0.5
in
trial
shall
be inspected
in
The joint
pit shall
be
like
it
refilled
can be
of the Engineer.
the position or alignment of the dowel bars at one of these joints does not
satisfactory. In order to
may be constructed
70
in trial
at
more frequent
slabs.
IRC: 15-2011
ii)
If
trial,
in
the
first
deficient, further
trial
is
constructed as a
this also be
be made as part of the trial
not form part of the permanent works, unless agreed by
expansion
trial joint.
Should
joints shall
the Engineer.
Density
11.5.3
Voids
in
more than
drilled
trial
length.
3 percent.
11.5.4
Compliance for the position and alignment of tie bars shall be checked by carefully exposing
the
Vz
tie
bars
in
a length of 2
can also be
laid
verified
and compacted
in
by suitable device
the
like
pit after
inspection
Compliance for the position and alignment of dowel bars at construction and expansion
be checked by measurements relative to the side form or guidewires.
joints shall
11.5.5.2
If
shall
in
compliance
is
trial
be increased
being achieved.
In
to
a single joint
If
in
the slab
until
the Engineer
in
is
is
is
two or more
until
satisfactory.
71
IRC: 15-2011
11.6
Approval
11 .6.1
taken up
until
trial
the
plant,
trial
length has
shall
shall not
be
be
been approved.
11.6.2
methods
Normal working
plant,
Any changes
in
materials, plant,
and
equipment and construction methods shall require the laying of a further trial length
demonstrate that the changes will not adversely affect the permanent works.
11 .6.3
Trial
to
lengths which do not comply with the requirements, with the exception of
in
notification of deficiencies
Construction of
11.6.4
trial
sections
is
Contractor and the entire cost of construction, dismantling and transportation of debris
to
is
11.7
When the
shall
be repaired as
under:
After the
If
final
so that
epoxy mortar.
it
is
shall
be removed
mm on each side of the line of the joint and reinstated to the satisfaction
made
active.
The
joint
in half
grooves
shall
of the
Alternatively
IRC:57.
11.8
The final surface test shall be made after the curing period and after the removal of the
covering material used for curing. The surface shall be of correct alignment, grade and
camber specified. The surface level, as measured by surface levels taken on a grid points
at 5 or 6.25 m longitudinally and 3.5 m transversely or any specified grid, shall not have a
tolerance greater than +5 mm or -6 mm. The maximum allowable difference between the
72
IRC: 15-2011
straight
edge placed
shall
12.1
also.
QUALITY CONTROL
Samples from fresh concrete shall be taken as per IS 1 1 99 and cube and beam specimens
shall be made, cured and tested at 28 days as per IS 516.
12.2
200 cu.m
of concrete.
Engineer.
12.3
The
sample
shall
specimens, comprising the sample. The individual variations of any specimen (beam/
cube/core) shall not be more than +15 percent of the average (of the three specimen
In
case,
if it
is
12.4
Flexural strength shall be used for quality control and for acceptance purposes.
The flexural strength should be determined by modulus of rupture under third point loading
as per IS 516. The preferred size of beam shall be 150 mm x 150 mm x 700 mm for the
maximum
12.5
It
mm.
may, however, be ensured that the materials and mix proportions remain
minimum
full
is
cement is used.
73
IRC: 15-2011
The ratio between the 7 and 28 day strength (R) shall be established for the mix
be used in the slab. This will be done at the time of initial design of mix. For this purpose,
atleast 6 specimen of beams shall be cast from each batch of concrete produced in the
laboratory. Minimum 6 batches ensuring minimum 36 specimens of beams shall thus be
1
2.6
to
cast cured and tested in the presence of Engineer. Out of the 6 specimens drawn from
each batch, one specimen from each batch shall be cured and tested for 7 days strength
and balance 5 specimen of each batch shall be cured and tested for 28 days strength.
This will provide atleast 30 specimens required to determine actual standard deviation of
28 days strength. The specimen of cubes may also be got cast as per procedure above if
so desired for reference, record and co-relation. The value of R shall be arrived by dividing
the average strength of the 7 day specimens by the average strength of the 28 day
specimens. The
12.7
If
trial
'R'
of decimal.
length or during
is
shall,
increased, the concrete mix shall be adjusted to maintain the required workability.
construction or construction
in
marshy/waterlogged areas.
12.8
Acceptance
12.8.1
Flexural strength
Criteria of Strength
to
The mean
flexural strength,
at
ii)
The strength
of
flexural strength
characteristic
Compressive strength*
12.8.2
When
both the following conditions are met, the concrete complies with the specified
compressive strength;
i)
The mean
IRC: 15-2011
ii)
The
is
is
12.9
For road work, the concrete should have sufficient workability to permit thorough
capable of
resistant to weather,
even surface
with an
good
to give a
riding quality
It
of traffic, finished
its
as, to
design.
Workability
12.10
The workability of the mix should be just sufficient to enable the concrete to be compacted
fully by whatever method is employed. It should not be higher than necessary for this
purpose, as this
concrete to
its
will
true profile
on gradients and
cross-falls,
and a reduction
in
maintaining the
in
strength
due to
excessive water content. For fully mechanized construction, the slump of concrete shall be
251 0
it
shall
be4010 mm.
12.11
Degree of Compaction
12.11.1
of
compacting concrete.
maximum compaction
It
is
be paid
in
350
mm
thick,
little
a.
When
125
methods
this
thickness
is
of the order of
The presence of 5 percent air voids in the concrete will reduce the strength from that of fully
compacted concrete by about 30 percent and the presence of 1 0 percent voids will reduce
the strength by 60 percent. These voids are different from those produced by admixtures/
air entraining agents. The Engineer-in-Charge should, therefore, satisfy himself that the
concrete gets properly compacted throughout the depth. Careful observation of the side
surface of concrete after the removal of form work will help in identifying the honey-combed
area to
some
extent. In
case
of doubt, breaking of a
trial
slab or
drilling
cores
may be
2.1 1 .2
with
:4
The sides of the PGC which are honey combed/hungry surfaces shall be finished
cement and mortar at W/C ratio 0.4.
75
IRC: 15-2011
Voids
12.11.3
Slump
in
concrete
of the concrete
and compaction
of concrete shall
be so adjusted
in
12.11.4
shall
be considered acceptable
if
the
average equivalent cube strength of the cores is equal to atleast 85 percent of the
characteristic compressive strength of the grade of concrete specified for the corresponding
age as mentioned in IS 456-2000. However, the individual core shall not have strength
less than
in
factor shall
12.12
Where
Durability
soils
is
in
injurious
amount, protection of
cements with pozzolonic admixtures, such as, burnt clay pozzolana or fly ash may be
In all cases, concrete shall be well compacted, strong and dense. Pozzolanic
admixture to cement or Portland pozzolana cement may also be found useful in areas
where alkali-reactive aggregates cannot be precluded from use in concrete road
or
used.
construction.
12.13
Resistance to Abrasion
The resistance
of concrete to abrasion
is
when good
quality hard
same rate
may in time tend to polish and produce a slippery
aggregates are used. The use of rounded aggregates, which wear away at the
in
to
is
as,
fume as
IRC:44
IS 456,
and
may reduce
rapid abrasion.
It
has been
established that with good quality concrete of compressive strength of the order of
45 MPa (corresponding flexural strength of the order of 5 MPa or greater as per IRC:44,
good resistance to abrasion can be secured. Results would not be satisfactory when
comparatively
materials,
brittle
such
as,
flint
are used.
12.14
Riding Quality
12.14.1
is
spreading, accurate setting and bedding of the side forms, and standard of workmanship
in
constructing joints
and
in
finishing
as
well.
is
sufficiently
IRC: 15-2011
12.14.2
maximum
minimize surface
will
irregularities.
The surface should be checked regularly with a straight edge 3.0 m long after
12.14.3
6 to 12 hours of laying. Use of moving straight edge for checking surface regularity is
recommended.
Great care should be taken
12.14.4
2.14.5
It
is
All
in
same
edges
good
riding quality
works performed
shall
of concrete
level.
of construction that
12.14.6
at the
commencement
can be obtained.
conform
and
dimensions shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer, subject to the permitted
tolerances described herein-after.
Horizontal Alignment
12.15
The horizontal alignment shall be checked with respect to the centreline of the carriageway
as shown in the drawings. The edges of the carriageway as constructed shall be corrected
within a tolerance of
10
mm there from.
Surface Levels
12.16
The levels of the subgrade and different pavement courses as constructed shall not vary from
those calculated with reference to the longitudinal and cross profile of the road shown on the
drawings or as directed by the Engineer beyond the tolerances mentioned
Table 15 Tolerances
SI.
No
in
in
Table
Surface Levels
Layer Type
Tolerances
mm
mm
+ 10 mm
10 mm
+ 6 mm
15 mm
+ 5 mm
-6 mm
+ 20
- 25
1)
Subgrade
2)
3)
rolled
concrete
4)
This
mm at 0
300
1 5.
IRC: 15-2011
Provided, however, that the negative tolerance for wearing course shall not be
12.16.1
permitted
in
For checking compliance with the above requirements for subgrade, sub-base
measurements of the surface levels shall be taken on a grid of points placed at
6.25 m longitudinally and 3.5 m transversely or any other grid approved by the Engineer.
For any 1 0 consecutive measurements taken longitudinally or transversely, not more than
one out of 21 measurements (seven samples) shall be permitted to exceed the tolerance
as above, this one measurement being not in excess of 5 mm greater then the permitted
12.16.2
courses,
tolerance.
For checking compliance with the above requirement for concrete pavements,
12.1 6.3
levels shall
be taken on a
In
any length
if
grid of
of
6.25
m x 3.5 m or 3.75 m or
pavement, compliance
shall
be
is
12.17
The longitudinally profile shall be checked with a 3 m long straight edge/moving straight
edge as desired by the Engineer at the middle of each traffic lane along a line parallel to
the centre line of the road. The maximum permitted number of surface irregularities shall
be as per Table 16.
Table 16
Maximum
Irregularity
Permitted
of Surface Irregularities
4
Length (m)
Number
mm
mm
300
75
300
75
20
40
18
National
Highways/ Expressways
Roads
of
Lower
Category
Note:
in
the Contract.
The maximum allowable difference between the road surface and underside of a 3
straight-edge when placed parallel with, or at right angles to the centre line of the road
m
at
case of transverse profile where the pavement has camber instead of unidirectional
78
IRC: 15-2011
transverse slope a
camber template
shall
situation
be encountered
two lane
to
is likely
in
be used
rigid
in
place of 3
straight edge.
Such
pavement.
Surface Texture
12.18
It
is
durability
worked
It is,
to
methods
of compaction.
used.
In
in
terms of
its
is
mm.
shall
fitted
roll,
with
Caiiper/digital Vernier
Calliper.
Effect of
12.19
12.19.1
improve
12.19.2
Air Entraining
and
superplasticisers.
Agent
The use of certain admixtures to entrain air in concrete is stipulated in some specifications.
The air is entrained in the form of numberless discrete and microscopic bubbles evenly
distributed through the mass and normally occupying in total from 4.51 .5 percent of the
volume of the concrete. Such concrete is better resistant to the frost, less liable to
segregation and bleeding and more workable than concrete with no air-entrainment. The
strength can be restored to the original value by small adjustments
Because
of increased workability
due to incorporation
in
cement ratio can be somewhat lowered so that the loss of strength due to air-entraining is
compensated. Whilst air-entrainment does not appear to be necessary in most parts of
India to increase the frost resistance of concrete
in
road slabs, as
in
12.19.3
(ii)
other countries,
develops,
it
may
in facilitating
Accelerators
economy
in
it
in
curing
concreting
in
effecting
cold weather, the rate of hardening being slow at very low temperatures
79
IRC: 15-2011
and (iii) emergency repairs by producing a flash set, sometimes even in minutes. The
most common accelerator that has been successfully used is calcium chloride, which
increases the rate of heat evolution; this
temperatures). However,
The
dissolved
>at<
in
is
very beneficial
in
in
he
It
is
it
ol
<
alt
ium
Chios
idle is
not permitted
When CaCI
is
stiffening
initial
when used
used,
is
when reinforcement
tie
is
provided, due to
shall
be coated with
epoxy resins.
12.19.4
Retarder
Retarders have an opposite effect to that of accelerators, retarders are used to delay the
setting
and hardening
of concrete.
where the setting time may get reduced (due to high temperature)
in
hot weather,
it
may
not be possible to complete compaction and finishing operations before the concrete
begins to
set,
(ii)
transportation to the
concrete begins to
site, laying,
set.
is
compaction and
to
finishing
has
to
for
and also reduce the ultimate strength. Experiments have shown that sugar, when used
upto a maximum of 0.05 percent by weight of cement, can be very effective in retarding the
setting time of concrete.
It
in
excess of
Plasticizers/superlasticizers
These are used as water-reducing agents, so that for a given workability, the water-cement
ratio can be reduced to achieve a higher strength as compared to mix without the additive.
The components of water-reducing admixtures are surface-active agents, which alter the
physico-chemical forces at the interface between two phases. The agents are adsorbed
on the surface of the cement particles, which gives them a negative charge, which cause
mutual repulsion, leading to their dispersal. Even air bubbles are repelled and cannot
attach themselves to u le cement particles. The negative charge causes a sheath of oriented
water molecules around each particle which separates them. The water, free from the
flocculated system,
is
its
workability.
The decrease in mixing water varies between 5 and 1 5 percent in case of plasticizer and
more than 15 percent in case of superlicizers, and depends on the cement content,
aggregate type, presence of pozzolana or admixture
site.
shall
etc. Trial
The water/cement
conform
80
to
Table 17.
ratio shall
however, not be
IRC: 15-2011
As perlS 9103-1999
Property
S. No.
Within
(% by mass as
CI)
2)
Relative Density
3)
pH value
6.0
4)
0.95T<MMC<1.05T
by mass) at105+/-2C)
5)
at600+/-10C)
Note:
Minimum
DMC =
AC =
12.20
12.20.1
AC test Result
Ash Content
Arrangement of Joints
a)
Staggered Joints:
It
it
is
in line
joints
in
in line
across the
full
Skew Joints The use of skew joints increases the risk of cracking at the
:
possible,
be
in
become exceedingly
high.
airfield
terms of stress
approximately as
Corner Angle
Stress
90
70
145 percent
50
210 percent
81
00 percent
follows:
in
IRC: 15-2011
However,
12.20.2
if
either
is
the case at
The shape and dimensions of the slabs, in transitioning from one width to another
where changes in direction are necessary, should be such as easily negotiated by
ih- eye* and also permit the satisfactory compaction and finishing of
-i"
e
2.20.3
or
'., .-.
..
be strengthened
Spacing of Joints
2.20.4
The spacing
of transverse joints
are the coefficient of thermal expansion of the concrete, the temperature during placing,
and give
rise to spalling.
is
effectively controlled.
Sealant
12.20.5
six
months
old
and a
for use,
12.20.5.
for portland
i)
ii)
iv)
v)
no
mm X 12.7 mm
21 days + 4 hours.
iii)
in
level surface
indication of bubbling.
shall
of the sealant
5h
Performance: Performance
after
+/-
0 min.
in
shall not
82
shall
IRC: 15-2011
93.3+ 1C.
vii)
Flow: There
viii)
ix)
Tensile stress at 150 percent elongation: Shall not exceed 3.2 kg/sq cm.
x)
shall
at
12.20.5.2
For one part gun grade poly-sulphide sealant testing and specification as per IS
(reaffirmed 1995)
may be referred.
testing
In brief,
procedure
is
1 1
433-1 986
given as under:
The specification deals with polysulphide based sealant containing polysulphide polymer
and a curing system which
is
and cures to a
rubber-like
solid.
i)
specimen
ii)
is
is
considered as satisfactory
75 percent and
if
or greater than
exhibits recovery
test.
Mass loss after heat ageing: The sealant shall not have mass loss which
includes volatile content not exceeding
exhibit cracks, bubbles or chalking
iii)
if it
as per standard
if
mm
shall not
test.
shall
be considered
per specimen
when
test.
iv)
in
peel
in Peel:
when
The specimen
applied to surfaces,
shall not
like
fail
when
tested for
aluminum, stainless
steel,
cement mortar. Adhesion to glass after sun lamp exposure through glass
and adhesion after heat ageing shall be satisfied as per standard test.
Tests on hot applied, elastomeric type sealant as
12.20.5.3
t)
3406-95
The sealant is elastomeric type one component, hot applied joint sealant,
resistant to weathering for sealing joints
ii)
perASTMD
Its
and cracks
in
concrete pavements.
resistant to weathering,
and
compound that is
infiltration
of moisture
and in-compressible
materials.
It
shall
83
IRC: 15-2011
iii)
be provided
shall be
marked on
recommended
all
containers and
to the testing
of
application temperature,
Cone
be no flow
30
units
v)
Flow: there
vi)
shall
after
72 hours
at -1
at
70+1C
50 percent extension each. All three specimens shall satisfy the following
requirements:
Specimen which
is
separation, or results
in
other opening
in
the sealing
compound and
the
concrete blocks.
opening
in
shall crack or
the sealing
undergo separation or
Resilience:
of 60 percent.
viii)
Resilience
70+1C
shall
ix)
for
in
be a minimum of 60 percent.
Artificial
not flow,
mastic
show tackiness,
like
the presence of an
internal voids,
have surface
like properties.
by visual and
x)
conditioned
Tensile Adhesion:
shall
film or reversion to
broken, form
tactile
oil like
in
The average
of three test
specimens
shall
be a
Flexibility:
When
conditioned
in
have no
84
IRC: 15-2011
12.20.5.4
For two parts cold poured joint sealant for concrete pavement, brief
description
is
given as under:
i)
concrete roads,
resistant cold
airfields
suggested for use with the sealant must be tested with the sealant and
hence no special test is recommended. The sealant shall satisfy the
following requirements:
ii)
Application
life
Life:
be 2 hours
at
Shelf Life: The base and curing components shall be capable of being
readily
mixed
to
in
this
standard upto
containers
iv)
Tack Free Time: The sealant shall not adhere to the polythene sheet film
when tested as
v)
recommended test.
samples being
inclination.
4 mm
vi)
per
in (a)
and
(b)
at 5C,
in
(c) at
750
cases and the flow in the case of (c) shall not exceed 2 mm.
test shall
be a
minimum
vii)
in
becomes completely
2
1 0 mm
The depth of
.
more than 5 percent of its mass after 7 days cure and also
the recovery after a standard test shall be minimum 75 percent and initial
identification shall be not more than 2.0 mm.
shall not lose
ix)
Test
in
in
a standard
test.
when tested
in
IRC: 15-2011
accordance with standard test shall be atleast 75 percent and the initial
indentation shall be not more than 2.0 mm. The specimen of sealant shall
also satisfy the requirement of test in tension and compression.
The joints shall be sealed with the materials and methodology as suggested
12.20.5.5
in
IRC:57-2006
in
Concrete Pavements.
1 2.21
Recommended
where the
concrete
in
its
specimens
shall
compaction
is
be
or
the slab shall be ascertained by carrying out tests on cores cut at the rate of
2 cores for every 150 cu.m. of concrete. The average of the results of crushing strength
tests
on these cores shall not be less than 0.8 x 0.85 times the corresponding characteristic
to
diameter
ratio of
the cores
is
two.
Where height to diameter ratio is not two, necessary corrections shall be made in calculating
the crushing strength of cubes
12.21.1
1
of 2
in
to
between
ratio
by multiplying with the correction factor obtained from the following equation:
f=0.11 n+0.78
where
2.21 .2
r*
correction factor
and
The corrected test results shall be analyzed for conformity with the specification
Where
If,
results of
50 mm.
is
strength requirements, then the concrete corresponding to the area from which the cores
were cut should be replaced, i.e., at least over an area extending between two transverse
joints where the defects could be isolated or over larger area, if necessary, as assessed
by additional cores and their test results.
12.21.4
to
it
slab,
86
IRC: 15-2011
The standard
12.21 .5
any change
to
in
the source of quality of materials and the mix shall be adjusted as necessary
Beams
12.21.6
shall
order a reduction
shall
in
the
At the
number of beams
start of the
in
pairs at intervals,
work, and
until
strength
each
28 days
at 7
and
for
so long as the
changed, or
tests
required.
if
there
is
any
variation
in
in
when
is
to
be
strength.
1 2.21 .8
in
The flexural strengths obtained on beams tested before 28 days shall be used
any deterioration
shall
in
Any such
deterioration
be remedied without awaiting the 28 days strengths but the earlier strengths shall not
which they were taken.
12.21.9
fail
to
for strength
as described
as per direction
12.21 .10
Any concrete that fails to meet the strength requirement shall be removed and
12.22
In-Situ Density
The density of the compacted concrete shall be such that the total air voids are not more
than 3 percent. The air voids shall be derived from the difference between the theoretical
maximum
dry density of the concrete calculated from the specific gravities of the
constituents of the concrete mix and the average value of three direct density
measurements
made on cores at least of 1 50 mm diameter. Three cores shall be taken from trial lengths
and in first two km length of the pavement, while the slab is being constructed during
normal working. The proportions of the mix and the vibratory
effort imparted,
87
i.e.,
the
maximum density.
IRC: 15-2011
1
2.23
All
for thickness.
The same
cores shall be
may
in
in-situ strength. In
case
by him to check the density of concrete slab or the position of dowel/tie bars without any
2.24
In
in
cores.
Cores removed from the main carriageway shall be reinstated with compacted
same design mix) used for pavement works. Before filling the fine mix,
the sides shall be hacked and cleaned with water. Thereafter, cement-sand slurry shall be
1 2.25
Pavement Thickness
12.26
All
filling
precautions and care shall be to taken to construct pavement having uniform thickness
1 2.27
level
of 5
data of the cement concrete pavement and the underlying sub-base taken on a grid
A day's work is considered as a 'lot' for calculating the average thickness of the
1 2.28
average thickness,
individual
12.29
Individual
if
in his
be removed and replaced with concrete of the thickness shown on the plans.
When
12.30
Table
8 the Contract
,
work
mm
mm
- 15 mm
Upto 5
611
in
Thickness
10
87
70
88
IRC: 15-2011
12.31
shall
In
the stretch
is
be cut to ascertain the deficiency as directed by the Engineer. Section whose thickness
deficient by 20 mm or more is identified with the help of cores. Such slabs shall be
removed and reconstructed at the cost of the Contractor. During such rectification work,
care shall be taken to replace full slab and to the full depth.
is
12.32
Acceptance
criteria for
may develop
Concrete slabs
precautions are taken to prevent their occurrence either during the construction phase or
post-construction period. Cracks can appear generally
due to
a)
b)
Drying shrinkage
c)
d)
e)
f)
of the
constructed
g)
1 2.33
failure.
The slabs with full depth cracks are totally unacceptable as amounts to structural
it
in
likely to
2.34
in
progress
in
000
of the slab
joint.
its
The cumulative
than 2000
is
less than
in
longitudinal
each slab
edge or formed
shall not
be more
Fine hairline crazy cracks: The concrete slabs are to be rejected where
the cracks formed are not complying with the above stipulation. Therefore,
full
89
IRC: 15-2011
ii)
Slabs with cracks which are penetrating to more than half the depth.
iii)
than 2000
in
length although
its
depth
is
may be referred.
Summary of Control
Table 19 gives a
iv)
12.35
is
is
Tests
on ci ly hi
Plflu<;p1?8
19 91
II 1
ih
II
ln-^iti
Hpn^itv
OlLUi vlwl
lolly
Clause 12 22
iii)
Pavement thickness
Clause 12.26
iv)
Surface levels
v)
Surface regularity
vi)
Horizontal alignment
Clause 12.15
vii)
Acceptance
criteria for
cracked
concrete slabs
viii)
of dowel
ix)
x)
To be checked
one
joint
per 400
grooves
Once a day
and
longitudinally
or
To be checked
and
every 2
their
accuracy
is
in trial
8.4.6,11.5.2,11.5.4
xi)
Texture depth
more.
in
IRC: 15-2011
Quality of Materials
and Concrete
be as under:
Once
IS
1489
IS
2)
when
called for
in
case of
IS8112
IS
for
occasionally
Contractor also
12269
12330
One
IS 2386
fraction of
(Pt-1)
aggregate,
initially;
may be
Deleterious constituents
IS
relaxed later
Engineer
work of each
Gradation
-do-
2386
(PL 2)
iii)
Water absorption
lo ZOOU
(Pt. 3)
1 1
III III
on
demand
Mineral Admixtures
of the mix
daily basis.
per IS 3812,
2386 (PL
4)
Soundness
IS 2386 (Pt.
5)
IS
ii)
in )
2386
Alkali ciyyi
ann r^n
at a r^siptivitw
/Alkali
cyaic
crav/iiviiy
IS
Once
-dn-
(Pt. 7)
Water
Chemical Tests
Once
4)
IS
for approval of
subsequently only
456
91
source of supply,
in
case of doubt
IRC: 15-2011
5)
Concrete
3 cubes and 3
Strength of concrete
i)
IS516
work whichever
ii)
iii)
is
more.
-Slump Test
IS
of the Engineer
or 2 cores/km.
1199
iv)
Thickness determination
From the
level
be cut
in
v)
Length
vi)
the case of
form
paving and steel forms in the
case of ixed form paving.
line in
slip
for level at
an
forms
shall
be checked
m or 6.25 m.
interval of 5.0
activity.
12.36
Cement concrete pavement shall be measured as a finished work in square metres with
specified thickness. The volume to be paid for will be calculated on the basis of thickness
and plans shown on the project drawings and adjusted for the deficiency in thickness. The
full payment will be made to this item after 28 days of the concrete is found to be satisfactory.
The
unit for
measurement
for concrete
pavement
shall
placed, based on the net plan areas for the specified thickness
directed by the Engineer.
The
all
pi
>rt,
including testing
and submission
of test certificates
concrete, stock
unit rate
as entered
in
the
Bill
debonding
strip,
It
full
is
piling,
tie
mixing,
formwork, and
shall
be
costs of contraction,
92
all
film,
filler,
keys, caulking
road complete.
IRC: 15-2011
13
OPENING TO TRAFFIC
In general, traffic shall not use the newly constructed pavement for a minimum period of
28 days. The pavement shall be cleaned and the joints shall be properly sealed as per
Clause 8.7, before the pavement is opened to traffic. In any case, the pavement will not be
opened to traffic before it attains the strength of 32 MPa of equivalent cube compressive
strength.
93
IRC
in its
periodical,
this