Selected Answers Chapter 1 Get Ready! 4.9 2,16 3.121 4.37 5.78.5 6.13 7.1 8 9.5 10,8 11.4 12.3 13.3 14.6 15.1 16. Answers may vary. Sample: building or making 2 geometric object, possibly involving several steps 47. Answers may vary. Sample: a point that falls exactly in the middle of a geometric object 18. Answers may vary. Sample: a type of line that has a source and no ending point 19. Answers may vary. Sample: part of the same Tine Lesson 1-1 Got It? 1.6,¢ 2a. Answers may vary. Sample pp. 4-10 06m 10cm ton bb. Yes; answers may vary. Sample: Ten ight Lesson Check 11, Answers may vary. Sample: 2. i ain Ti oo 47 1 1 on Top Front IgE 4a. net b, orthographic «isometric d none 5. Answers may vary. Sampie: In an isometric orawing, You see three sides ofa figure from one corner view. In an orthographic crawing, you see three separate views of the figure. In both drawings, you se the same three sides of the figure (top, front, and right). Also, both drawings represent a three-dimensional object in two dimensions Exercises 7. A 9. Answers may vary. Sample 11, Answers may vary. Sample: 3600 2m som 15. v7. n H | ‘op Front ght »*OO PL A el L a Top Font) ght 2a. Answers may vary. Sample: guomsuv popes Selected Answers23. Answers may vary. Sample: DUrer may have thought that the printed pattern resembled a fishing net. 25. C 27. Miquela 29. 33. Answers may vary. Sample: for a tourist map showing locations of 'b, Answers may vary. Sample: I Lesson Check 1. Answers may vary. Sample: XR, RY 2. RX, RY 3. RS 4, RS, SR 5. No; they have different endpoints and extend in opposite directions. 6. to show that the line extends in both directions 7. To name both, {you need to identity two points on the ray or line. For a Fay, you use a single-sided arrow that must point away from the endpoint. Fora line, the two letters can be ‘written in either order and a double-sided arrow appears above the letters. line can also be named with a single lowercase letter, but a ray cannot. Exercises 9. Answers may vary. Sample: plane EBG, plane 8FG 11. £8, FG 13. RS, SR, ST, TS, TW, Wh, TR, FT, WR, RW, WS, SW 15. RS 17. UV 19. plane QUX, plane QUY 21. plane XTQ, plane XTS 23. XW apie aaa) 7 attractions 35. green (a be 37. purple [eae Cars Tt 27. coplanar 29, noncoplanar 31. noncoplanar 33 AB co 35. +P 7 ee . 31 mm, EF = 41 mm 47. mz = 60, 2 80, mZF = 40 a 48. Answers may vary. Sample: 49. (77 Fy 37. WS 39. Not always; ACcontains 4 Sf BC, but they are not the sen| FR same ray. = AB 2 41. sometimes 43. sometimes 45. never Lesson 1-2 pp. 11-19 Got It? ta, Answers may vary. Sample: FG, 08 'b, Answers may vary. Sample: plane AVS, plane VOS €.N,Q,T dN, T 2. No; they do not have the same endpoint, 3a. Answers may vary. Sample: plane BFE, plane FG b. Postulate 1-3 says that two distinct planes intersect in exactly one line, so you only need two points ‘to name the line of intersection, by Postulate 1-1 ee es. SS vy Poste 13 51. Answess ay vary Sample 60s the oy “exact time. Other times are about 1:38, 2:43, 3:49, 4:54, 5:59, 7.05, 8:11, 9:16, 10:22, 11:27, and 12:33.A 7. Front ight at 1p rn : yes A np LZ i 1 O 72.5102 73.3 74,051 75,6 76.35 77.3 78.4 79.9 80. | Lesson 1-3 Got It? 1. UV = 4, SV = 18 2. JK = 42, KL= 78 Ba, no b. yes; |S — (-2)| = |7| = 7 a. No; since PQ = QR, when you solve and get PQ, you know QR. b. TU = 35, UV = 35, T= 70 Lesson Check 1.8 2.4, G 3.0 4, Answers may vary Sample: BD 5. line ¢, point Q 6. Answers may vary. Sample: You would use “congruent” when you are referring to a segment, for example, when describing the trusses of a bridge. You would use “equal length” when you are referring to the measurement of a segment, for example, when describing the distance between two buildings. 7. Answers may vary. Sample: Distance is always a nonnegative measure because itis the absolute value of the difference of two values. Exercises 9.9 11.6 13.25 15.no 17. yes 194.9 b. AY = 9, XY = 18 24, 34 23. XY = 4, 2W congruent 25. YZ = 4, XW = 12; not congruent 27. -35 of 35 29. -2 or8 35. about 1h, 21 min 37. The distance is |65 ~ 80), or 15 mi. The driver added ‘the values instead of subtracting them. 38. y= 15; AC = 24, DC = 12 41. Not abways; the Segrnent Adcition Postulate can be used oniyif P,Q, and f are colnear points. 48, always 49. always 50. never 51. always 52a. yes b.no €.no d.yes 53. 14 54.6.5 55. -3 56.128 pp. 20-26 Lesson 1-4 pp. 27-33 Got It7 ta, ZLMK, 22 b, No; since there are three & that have vertex M, it would not be clear which one you intended. 2. mZLKH = 35, acute; m2 HKN = 180, straight; mZMKH = 145, obtuse 3. 49 4, mZDEC = 142, mACEF = 38 Lesson Check 1. 2ABC, 2CBA 2. 85 — x 3, acute 4.0 0r 1; congruent & may be two separate angles, of they may have the same vertex and share one side. 5. No; the diagram is not marked with = Exercises 7. 2ABC, 2CBA, 28, oF £1 9.70, acute 11. 110, obtuse 13. 85, acute 15. Answers may vary. Sample: 17. 19. ZBIA 21. 130 23. mZAQS = 43, MLTOS = 137 25. about 90°; right 27. about 88"; acute 29. x = 8; mLAOB = 30, mZBOC = 50, mZCOD = 30 BI. A 44, 47 45. x= 8, FF = 19, FG = 30 46. 2x + 4 = 28:12 47, 90 - x = 34,225 48. x + 5x = 180; 30, 150 49. 65 Lesson 1-5 pp. 34-40 Got It? 1a. Yes; ZAFE and CFD are formed by opposite rays FA. FB, Fe, and 72. b. No; mZBEC = 28 and m2 DFE = 118,50 28 + 118 # 180. «. Yes, 2BFD and ZAFB share FB, and they have no common interior points, 2a. Yes; they have corresponding = tick marks, be. No; they do not have corresponding = tick marks. No; it (or its supplements) do not havea right angle symbol. d. No; PW and WQ do not have coresponding tick marks. 3a, Adding the measures of both a should give 180. b. mZADB = 77, mZBDC = 103 4. 36 Lesson Check 1-3. Answers may vary. Samples ae given 1. ZAFE and ZCF (or ZAFC and ZEFD) 2. ZAEF and ZDEF (or ZAEC and ZDEC) 3. ZBCE and ZECD (or any two adjacent 4 with common vertex F) 4. 20 5. Answers may vary. ample: The angles combine to forma line. 6. Since the 4 are complementary, the sum ofthe two measures should be 90, not 180. So, x = 15 Exercises 7. Yes; the angles share a common side and vertex, and have no interior points in common. 9. No; they are supplementary. 11. 2D0C, 2A0B 13. Z£0C 15. Answers may vary Sample: ZA0B, ZDOC 17. No; they ate not marked as =. 19, Yes. Answers may vary Sample: The two 4 form a linear pair. 24. No; IC and Dare not marked as =. 23. Yes; they are formed by JF and ED. 25. mZEFG = 69, mZGFH = 111 27.x=5, MZABC = 50 29. x = 11, mZABC = 56 31. 120; 60 kee33.90 35, 155 37a, 19.5 b. mZRQS = 43, mLTOS = 137 ¢. Answers may vary. Sample’ 43 + 137 = 180 39. Both are correct; if you multiply both sides of the equation mZABX = 3mZABC by 2, you ‘get 2MZABX = mZABC. 41. The four vertical angles B aeattight angles. 51. LAY 52. 2UAZ, z¥XZ g 53, 39 54-59, Answers may vary, Samples are given, a 34, 35.3 2 é ¥ é 3 < 36. <7 ag 3 2 8 , i 8 58. 38. yy A x a T Lesson 1-6 pp. 43-48 Got it? 4. ky bb, Answers may vary. Sample: You use a compass setting to copy a distance. 4, x ierlent se Y Lesson Check 1. 70 2. K a ? 3 3 4. compass, straightedge 55. Answers may vary. Sample: > When you sketch a figure it does not require accurate Tt measurements for angles and sides. When you draw a figure with a ruler and protractor, you use measurements to determine the lengths of sides or the sizes of angles. ‘When you construct a figure, the only tools you use are ‘a compass and straightedge. 6. Since XY is 1 to and contains the midpoint of AB, then XY is the 1 bis. of AB, not the other way around Exercises eaemaa 9 Hr a 898 Mo, 3 x 3 15, 2 9. ® 17. Answers may vary. Sample: z vr Find a segment on XV’ so that you can construct V2 as ts perpendicular bisector 19. Answers may vary. Semple: Both constructions involve drawing arcs with the same radius from two different points, and using the point(s) of intersection of those arcs. Ares must intersect at two points for the 1 bis, but only one point for the 2 bis, 21a, A segment has exactly one midpoint; using the Ruler Postuate (Post. 1-8), each point corresponds with exactly one number, and exactly one number represents half the length of a segrnent bb, A segment has infinitely many bisectors because many lines can be drawn through the midocint. ¢. Inthe plane with the segment, there is one 1 bis. because only one line in that plane can be drawn through the midpoint sa that it forms a right angle with the given segment. dd. Consider the plane that isthe bis, ofthe segment Any line in that plane that contains the midpoint of the Segment isa 1 bis. of the segment, and there are infinitely many such lines. 23. 25a. With Pas center, draw an arc with radius sightly more than SPQ. Keeping that radius, draw an arc with Qas center. Those two arcs meet at2 points; the line through those 2 points intersects FQ at its midpoint. b. Follow the steps in part (a)1o find the midpoint Cof PO. Then repeat the process for segments PC and CO. 27. possible29. Not possible; the two 2-cm sides do not meet. Bia. The measure of each angle is 60°, e. Draw an angle congruent to one of the angles of the triangle from part (a) to. get a 60" Z. Then construct its angle bisector to get two 30° 39. 116 40. yes; maTUV + mz VUW = 180 41.6 42. 10 43.4 44,3 45, 196 46. 10 47. -1 Lesson 1-7 pp. 50-56 Got It? 1a. ~4 b, (4, -2) 2. (11, -13) 3a. 158 b. Yes; the diff of the coordinates are opposite, but their squares are the same. VU = V(—11 + 8 VI85 = 13.6 4, 1325 m, or about 36.4 m Lesson Cheek 1. (05, 5.5), or (3, 12) 2.(7, -8) 3. V7, or about 85 units 4, Answers may vary. Sample: For two different points, the expression (xy — xy)? + (2 — yi? in the Distance Formula is always postive. So the positive square root of a positive number is positive, 5. He did not keep the xvalue and y-values together; so, d= Vil = 3? + 6 — BF = VETS V3 units Exercises 7, 1.5, or —3 9. 10 11.(3, 1) 13. (6, 1) 45. (3, -3) 17.66, -1) 19.012, -24) 21.665, 135) 23. 18 25.9 27. 10 29. 12.2 31.8.2 33.85 35. Everett, Charleston, Brookline, Fairfield, Davenport 37a.58 b. (J, $),or(15,05)39a. 5.4 b. (3,3), 0r(-25,3) 414.28 BC-4, 4) 430.54 b.(3,]),0°, 05) 45. 165 unis; ying to Vithen to Uis shortest distance. 47a, Answers may vary Sample: Distance Formula (Find KP then divide it by 2) ba Answers may vary. Sample: Distance Formula (f Mis the given midpoint, find KM and then muitiptyit by 2) 48a. 107 b.G, -4) sm. oR Ly a Chl Petit x % The midpoints are the same, (5, 4). bb, Answers may vary. Sample: The diagonals bisect each other, 53. 7 mi 55. 3.2 mi 57a. Answers may vary. oe Sample: (0, 2) and (4,2); (2,0) and (2,4) (0, 4) and (4, 0; (0, 0) and (4, 4) b, Infinitely many; draw a cice with center (2, 2) and radius 4. Any diameter of that circle has length & and midpoint (2, 2) sy 6. | _ { 7 @ r 67. LPOR, ZROP 68. 150 69. 10f 70. 504 71.9 72. 10580 p. 58 plane figure 8. Sample: FAWMX; sides are FB, BW, WIM, WAX, XF; angles are ZF, £8, 2M, LX. 7, Sample: AGNHEPT; sides are AG, GN, EP, PT, TA; angles are 2A, 2G, LN, LH, ZE, ZP, £1. 8. nonagon of enneagon, convex Lesson 1-8 pp. 59-67 Got It? 1a, 24, b. 32 in, 2a. 482 m Bb. 75.4m 3. 4.74402 Sa. 49nf b. 153.92 Answers may vary. Sample: 3; it ives a result without fractions or decimals eam Ta Lesson Check 1. 20 in.; 21 in? 2a. 56.5 in.; 254.5 in? b. 22.9. m; 41.9 m? 3. (12 + 2-V2) units; 10 square units 4, Answers may vary, Sample: To fence a garden you would find the perimeter; to determine the material needed 0 make a tablecoth you would find the area, 5, Answers may vary. Sample: Remind your end that 2ar has only one variable, so it must compute the cicumfeence 1? has one variable squared, and square units indicate area. 6. The dassmate seems to have forgotten to multiply by x. The correct answer is A = xr? = (30)? = 9000 ~ 2827.4 in?,Exercises 7. 22 in, 9. 3811 14, 107 ft 13. $m 45.011 coy (17 + VB) units Fe 2 § ¢ ? # 38 38 units 49, 4320 in2, or 38 ye 21, 8000 om, or 0.8 m? 23. 400m on? 25. 586262 27. 1539 72 29. 452.2 cm? 31. 310 m? 33. 208 ft? 35. Perimeter; the crown molding must ft the edges ofthe cling 137. Area; the floor is a surface. 39a. 144 in.2; 1 ft? be 144 16cm 43. 96 cm? 45. 27 in? 47a. Yes; substitute sor each ofa and b to get perimeter Pe 25+ 250rP= 45. br No, we need to know the length ang width ofa rectangle to find is perimeter, ees 51. 7 432) 10 units, 4 square units 53a, Answers may vary. Sample: ti 900 b. 208 in.?; 208 in? 55, $35.70 64a. 8.5 units b. (Sf, 5),0r 6.5, 5) 688.58 units b (—f (215,55) 66,67 units b (3, -2),0°(-25, -2) 67. 90 68. WK, KR 69a. 1? = 1,2? = 4, 3? # = 16, 5? = 25, 6 = 36, 72 = 49, 8? = 64, 9? = 81, 10? = 100 b. Itis odd. Chapter Review p.70 4. angle bisector 2. perpendicular lines 3. net 4. complementary angles 5. 4,6, 11 TP ] Top oat ig 7. Answers may vary. Sample: QA and AB 8. OR 9, Answers may vary. Sample: A, 8, C 10. Tue; Postulate 1-1 states, “Through any two points, there is exactly one line.” 11, False; they have different 1/313. S005 14.15 45. XY = 21, YZ = 29 16, acute 17. right 18. 36 19. 14 20-24, ‘Answers may vary. Samples are given. 20. ZADB and ZBDC 21. ZADB and 2BDF 22. LADC and ZEDF 23. ZADC and ZADE 24. 31 25. 15 26. 27. or 29a-b. 30. 1.4 units 31. 7.6 units 32. 14.4 units 33. (0, 0) 34. 7.2 units 35. (6, ~2) 36. (1, 1) 37. (6, — 38. 32 cm; 64 cm? 39. 32 in.; 40 in.? 40. 6rin,; 9m in? 41. 15x m; 25x m?Chapter 2 Get Ready! p.79 1.50 2. 3 3.255 4. 105 5.15 6.11 7.7 8.5 9.6 10. 20 11. 18 12. ZACD, ZDCA 13.3 14, m2} = 48, mz2 = 42 18. ZADC and 2CDB 16. £1 and £2 17. ZADB or ZBDA 18. Answers may vary, Sample: Similar: They are both statements you start with. Different: In geometry you do not try to prove the hypothesis of a statement. 19, Answers may vary. Sample: A conclusion in geometry answers questions ralsed by the hypothesis. 20. Answers may vary. Sample: In geometry you use deductive reasoning to draw conclusions from other information Lesson 2-1 Got It? 4a. 25,20 b. pp. 82-88 aS 2. Every 3rd term is 8, so the 21st term will be B. 3, The sum of the first 30 odd numbers is 302, or 900, daa. Sales will be about 500 fewer than 8000, or 7500. b No; sales may increase because students may want backpacks for school, Sa-e. Answers may vary. Samples are given. a. A carnation can be red, and itis not a rose. ba. When three points are collinear, the number of planes that can be drawn through them is infinite. ¢. When you multiply 5 (or any odd number) by 3, the product is not divisible by 6. Lesson Check 1. 31,37 2. [5]F] [B[E] al) ERP 3. Answers may vary, Sample: any nonsquare rectangle 4. One meaning of counter is “against,” soa counterexample san example that goes agcnst a statement, 5. Inthe pattern 2,4, the next term is 6 ifthe rule is "add 2"; the next term i if the rule fs “double the previous term andthe nent term i 7 ifthe cule is "2d 2, then add 3, then add 4," Justgiving the fist 2 terms does not give enough information to describe the pattern Exercises 7. Find the next square; 36, 49. 9. Multiply the previous term by 3... Subtract 3 from the previous number; 3,6. 48, the first letter of the months 1. 45. the Presidents ofthe US. Madson, Monroe 17. state postal abbreviations in alphabetical order; CO, & 25-30. Answers may vary. Samples are given, 25. The sum of the frst 100 positive odd numbers is 100, or 10,000. 27. The sum of two odd numbers is even. 29. The product of two even numbers is even, 31. 1 mi 33-37. Answers may vary. Samples are Gia iven, 33, two right angles 35. ~2 and ~3 37. ~2 and ~3 39, Add 1 then add 3; add 1 then add 3;....; 10, 13. 41. Mutpy by 3, add; moltpyby 3, a1 201, 202. 43. Add 4, add 4, add §...; 3, &. i 45. 123,454,321 47. 49. 102 cm 51a. si-sh-san; Nu-shi-qi; ba-shi-si b Yes; the second part of the number repeats each ten numbers. 53. His conjecture is probably false because most people's growth slows by 18 until they stop growing sometime between 18 and 22 years. 62. 16x in? 63.20 m 64, 2 65. True; explanations may vary. Sample: If the two even numbers are 2a and 2b, the sum is 2a + 2b = 2(a + 6), which is ‘the form of an even number, 66. True; explanations may vary, Sample: if the three odd numbers are 2a + 1 2b + 1, and 2c + 1, the sumis a+ b+0 +24 1 = 2 + b+ c+ 1) + 1, whichis the form of an odd Lesson 2-2 pp. 89-95 Got It? 1. Hypothesis: An angle measures 130. Conclusion: The angle is obtuse. 2. if an animal isa Gojphin, then its @ mammal. 3a. False; January has 28 days, lus 3 more. Bb. True; the sum of the measures of ‘wo angles that form a linear pairis 180. 4, Counterexarples may vary. Samples are given. Converse: Ifa vegetabie contains beta carotene, then itis a carro. Inverse Ifa vegetable isnot a caro, then it does ot contain beta carotene. Contrapositive: if a vegetable does not contain beta carotene, then itis nota carrot. The conditional and the contrapostve are true. The converse and inverse ae false; counterexample: any vegetable, such as spinach, that contains beta carotene Lesson Check 1. Hypothesis: Someone isa resident of Key West.Conclusion: The person lives in Florida Conditional: f someone isa resident of Key West, then that person ives in Florida. 2. Converse: a figure has a perimeter of 10 om, then itis a rectangle with sides 2 em and 3 cm. Inverse: fa figure is nota rectangle with sides 2 em and 3 cm, then it does not have a perimeter of 10 cm. Contrapositve: If @ figure does not have a perimeter of 10 em, then itis nota rectangle with sides 2.cm and 3 cn. The original conditional and the contrapositive are true. 3. The hypothesis and conclusion were exchanged. The conditional should be “If itis Sunday, then you jog." 4. Both are true because a Conditional and its contrapositive have the same truth value, and a converse and an inverse have the same truth value Exercises 5. Hypothesis: You are an American citizen Conclusion: You have the right to vote. 7. Hypothesis You want to be healthy. Conclusion: You should eat Selected Answersvegetables. 9. if 3x 14, then 3x = 21. 11. IF an object or example is a counterexample for a conjecture, then the object or example shows that the conjecture is false. 13. If something is blue, then it has a color. 15. if something is wheat, then itis a grain. 17. false; Mexico 19, true 21. Conditional: If a person isa pianist, then that person is a musician, Converse: f person is a musician, then that person is a pianist, Inverse: Ifa person is not a pianist, then that person is not a musician. Contrapositive: Ifa person is not a musician, then that person is not a pianist. The conditional and contrapositive are true. The converse and inverse are false; counterexample: a percussionist is a musician, 23. Conditional: If a number is an odd natural number iess than 8, then the number is prime. Converse: If a ‘umber is prime, then itis an odd natural number less than 8, Inverse: If a number is not an odd natural number less than 8, then the number is not prime. Contrapositive: | @ number is not prime, then itis not an odd natural ‘number less than &. All four statements are false; counterexamples: 1 and 11, 25. Ifa group is half the people, then that group should make up half the Congress. 27. if an event has a probability of 1, then that event is certain to occur. 29, Answers may vary. Sample: If an angle is acute, its measure is less than 90; if the measure of an angle is 85, then itis acute. 31. Natalie is, correct because a conditional statement and its contrapositive have the same truth value. 33. 35.f |x| = 6, then x= ~6; false, x = 6 isa counterexample 37. If 3 <0, then x < 0; tue, 389. Hfyou wear Snazzy sneakers, then you will ook cool. 41. If two figures are congruent, then they have equal areas. 54. Answers may vary. Sample: 4 collinear points 52. Answers may vay. Sample: 0.5 53. 36 in. 54.21 cm 55. 45 ydor 162 in. 56. 23.2 mor 2320 em 57. If tomorrow is October 1, chen today is September 30; both the statement and the converse are true. 58. If AB and CD are perpencicula, then AB is the perpendicular bisector of CD; the statement is true and the converse is false Lesson 2-3 pp. 98-104 Got It? 1. Converse: if two angles are congruent, then the angles have equal measure; true. Biconditional: Two angles have equal measure if and only f the angles are congruent. 2. If two numbers are reciprocals, then thelr product is 1 f the product of two numbers is 1, then the numbers are reciprocals. 3. Yes, itis reversible; an angle is a straight angle if and only if its measure is 180. 4a. No, itis not precise; a rectangle is also a figure with four right angles. bb, Answers may vary. Sample: Obtuse angles have measures between 90 and 180, Lesson Check 1. If points are collinear, then they lie on the same line. if points lie on the same line, then they are collinear. 2. This month is June if and only if next month is July. 3, Two angles are vertical angles if and only if their sides are opposite rays. 4. The prefix bi- means “two.” 5. The word gigantic is not precise. 6. The second statement isa better definition, A counterexample for the first statement is any two nonadjacent right angles. Exercises 7. Converse: if two segments are congruent, then they have the same length; true. Biconditional: Two segments have the same length if and only if they are congruent. 9. Converse: if a number is even, then itis divisible by 20; false. 11. Converse: Ifit is Independence Day in the United States, then itis July 4; true. Biconditional: In the United States, its July 4 if and only if itis Independence Day. 13. fa line bisects a segment, then it intersects the segment only at its midpoint. faline intersects a segment only at its midpoint, then the line bisects the segment. 115. If you live in Washington, D.C., then you lve in the capital of the United States. If you live in the capital of the United States, then you live in Washington, D.C. 17. If an angle is a right angle, then it measures 90. If an angle measures 90, then itis a right angle. 19. A line, segment, or ray isa perpendicular bisector of a segment if and only i itis perpendicular to the segment at its midpoint. 21. A person is a Tarheel if zand only if the person was born in North Carolina. 23. not reversible 25. No, itis not reversible; some endangered animals are not red wolves. 27. No, itis not precise; straightedges and protractors are geometric tools. 29, yes 31. No; a straight angle has a measure greater than 90, but it is not an obtuse angle, 33. That statement, as a biconditional, is “an angle is aright angle if and only if itis greater than an acute angle.” Counterexamples to that statement are obtuse angles and straight angles. 35. A point isin Quadrant Ill if and only if it has two negative coordinates. 37. A number is a whole number if and only if itis a nonnegative integer. 39. good definition 41. good definition 43. if 2Aand 2B are a linear pait, then they are supplementary. 45. If 2 and 28 are a linear pair, then they are adjacent, supplementary angles, 52. If your ‘grades suffer, then you do nat get enough sleep. 53. If you have a good voice, then you are in the school chorus. $4, tue $5.60, 50 56. 4, $ 57.4, -2 Lesson 2-4 pp 106-112 Got It? 1a. Marla is not safe out in the open. b. No conclusion is possible. 2a. If a whole number ends in 0, then itis divisible by 5; Law of Syllogism. b. No conclusion is possible. 3a. The Nile is the longest river inthe world; Law of Sylogisn and Law of Detachment. bb. Yes: if you use the Law of Detachment frst, then you must use it again to reach the same conclusion. The Law Cf Syllogism is not used. Lesson Check 1. No conclusion is possible. 2. Figure ABC isa triangle; Law of Detachment. 3. Ifit is Saturday, then you wear sneakers; Law of Syllogism. 4, The Law of Detachment cannot be applied because the hypothesis i not satisfied. 5. Answers may vary, Sample: Deductive reasoning uses logic to reach conclusions, while inductive reasoning bases conclusions on unproved (but possibly true) conjectures. Exercises 7. No conclusion is possible; the hypothesis has not been satisfied. 9, No conclusion is possible; the hypothesis has not been satisfied. 14. If an anirnal is a Florida panther, then its endangered. 13. tf line intersects a segment atits midpoint, then it divides the segment into two congruent segments. 15. Alaska's Mount Mckinley is the highest mountain in the US. 117. If you are studying botany, then you are studying @ science. (Law of Syilogism only) No conclusion can be made about Shanti, 19, Must be true; by E and A, itis breakfast time; by D, Julio is drinking juice. 21. May be ‘rue; by E and A, itis breakfast time. You don't know what Kira drinks at breakfast. 23. May be true; by E, Maria is drinking juice. You don’t know if she also drinks water. 25. strange 27. Ifa figure isa square, then itis a rectangle; ABCD is a rectangle. 28. If a person is a high school student, then the person likes art no conclusion is possible because the hypothesis is not satstied. 35. A type of reasoning is called inductive if and only if itis based on patterns that you observe, 36. ZAOB, 2BOA 37. 280C, 2COB 38. O8 39. acute Lesson 2-5 pp. 113-119 Got It? 1. 75; x = 2x ~ 75 (Def. of an 2 bis), x-+ 75 = 2c (Add, Prop. of Eq); 75 = 2x — x Gubt. Prop. of Eq.) 75 = x 2a. Sym. Prop. of s b. Distr. Prop. ¢ Mult Prop. of Eq. d. Refl. Prop. of Eq Ba, Answers may vary Sample: AB = CD (Given); AB = CD (= segments have = length); BC = BC (Retl Prop. of Eq): AB + BC = BC + CD (Add, Prop. of AB + BC = AC, BC + CD = BD (Seg. Add. Post) ‘AC = BD (Trans. Prop. of €a.); AC = BD (Segments with length are =.) b. Answers may vary, Sample: You need to establish equality in order to add the same quantity (m22)10 each side of the equation in Statement 3 Lesson Check 1. Trans. Prop. of Fg. 2. Distr Prop. 3. Subir. Prop of Eq, 4a, Given b. Subtr. Prop. of Eq & Div. Prop. of Eq Exercises 5a. Mult, Prop. of fq, b. Dist. Prop. ©. Add. Prop. of Eq, 7a. def. of suppl. & b, Subst Prop. €. Dist. Prop. dl. Subtr. Prop. of Eq. e. Div. (aie een Prop. of Eq. 9. Subtr. Prop. of Eq, 14. Sym. Prop. of = 13a. Given bb. A midpt. divides a seg. into two = segments, . Substitution d. 2x = 12 @. Div, Prop. of fq. 15. ZK 17.3 19. 2XYZ = ZWYT 21. Since [F and RL are two ways to name the same segment and ZCBA and ZABC are two weys to name the same 2, then both statements are examples of saying that something is & to itself. 23. KM = 35 (Given; KL + LM = KM (Seq, Add. Post); (2x — 5) + 2x = 35 (Gubst. Prop); 4x — 5 = 35 (Distr. Prop.); &x = 40 (Add. Prop. of Eq); x = 10 (iv. Prop. of Eq.); KL = 2x ~ 5 (Given); KL'= 2(10) ~ 5 (Subst. Prop; KL = 15 (Gimolify) 34, Walt science teacher is concerned. 35. 80 36, 65 37. 125 38.90 39. 50 40.90 41. 35 Lesson 2-6 pp. 120-127 Got It? 1. 40 2a. £1 = £2 (Given); £1 = 23, 22 = 24 Ver. & are =); 21 = 24, 22 = 23 (rans. Prop. of s); 21m 22 4 (Trans. Prop. of bb. Answers may vary. Sample: mz.1 + m22 = 180 because they form a linear pair. So m1 = 90 and mZ2 = 90 because 21 = 22. Then, using the relationship that mz2 + mz3 = 180 and mai + mz4 = 180, you can show that mz3 = mz4 = 90 by the Subtr. Prop. of Eq. Then 21= 22 = 23 = 24 because their measures are =. 3. Answers may vary Sample: 21 and 23 are vert. 4 because itis given. 1 and 22 are suppl. and 22 and £3 are suppl. because 4 that form a linear pair are suppl. So, mZ1 + mZ2 = 180 and mZ2 + mZ3 = 180 by the def. of suppl. 4. By the Trans. Prop. of Eq, mZ1 + mZ2 = mz2 + mZ3. By the Subtr Prop. of Eq., mZ1 = mZ3.So, £1 = 23 because ‘4 with the same measure are = Lesson Check 1.21 = 90, m22 = 50,mz3 = 40 2.8 3. £8 = ZC because both are suppl. to 2A and if two 4 are suppl. to the same 2, then they are =. 4, He used the Trans, Prop. of =, which does not apply here. 22 and 23 are =, not compl. If two A are compl. to the same 2, then they are = to each other. 5. Answers may vary. Sample: A postulate isa statement that is. assumed to be true, while a theorem is a statement that is proved to be true. Exercises 7. x = 38, y = 104 9, 60, 60 11. 120, 120 13a, 90 b, 90 €. mz3 d. = 15. Answers may vary, Sample: scissors 17. x= 14, y= 15; 3x + 8 = 50, 5x — 20 = 50, 5x + 4y = 130 19, x = 50, y = 50 21. ZEIG = ZAH because all rt. & are =; ZEIF = ZHIG because each one is compl. to ZAIG and compl. of the same 2 are =. 23a. tis given. b. mZV €. 180 d. Division e. right 25. By Theorem 2-5: If two 4 are and suppl, then each is a right 2. 27. mZA = 30, mZB = 60 29, mZA = 90, mZB = 90 40. Subtr Prop. of Eq. 41. Div. Prop. of Eq. 42. Trans. Prop. of Selected Answers43, poigts FH, BA. n0 45. yes 46; line (or ES, GH He, and s0.0n) 47. any three of H (orf), FH, 7B, Hi 18. 8 48. pot Chapter Review pp. 129-133 4. conclusion 2. deductive reasoning 3. truth value 4. converse 5. biconditional 6. theorem 7. hypothesis 8. Divide the previous term by 10; 1, +5. 9. Multiply the previous term by ~1; 5, ~5. 10, Subtract 7 from the previous term; 6, ~1. 111. Multiply the previous term by 4; 1536, 6144. 412. Answers may vary. Sample: =1+2= -2, and -2 isnot greater than 2 13. Answers may vary Sample: Portiand, Maine 14. Ifa person is a motorcyclist then that person wears ainelmet. 18. If two nonparale lines intersect, then they intersect in one point. 16. If two form a linear pair, then the 4 are supplementary, 17. If today is one ofa certain group of holidays, then school i closed. 18. Converse: Ifthe measure of an 2. is greater than 90 and less than 180, then the 2 is obtuse. Inverse: if an angle is not obtuse, then it is not true that its measure is greater than 90 and less than 180. Contrapositive: Its not true that the measure of an Z is greater than 90 and less than 180, then the 2 isnot obtuse. All four statements are true 19. Converse: Ifa figure has four sides, then the Figure is a square. Inverse: IF figure is nota square, then it does not have four sides. Contrapasiie: I a figure does not have four sides, then itis not a square. The conditional and the contrapositive are true. The converse and inverse are false. 20. Converse: If you play an instrument, then you play the tuba. Inverse: f you do not play the tuba, then you do not play an instrument. Contraposiie: if you do not play an instrument, then you do not play the tuba The conditional and the contrapostve ae true. The converse and inverse are false. 21. Converse: If you are busy on Saturday night, then you baby-sit. Inverse: Ifyou «do not baby-sit, then you are not busy on Saturday night Contrapositive: Ifyou are not busy on Saturday night, then you do not baby-sit. The conditional and the contrapositve are true. The converse and inverse are false. 22. No; itis not reversible; a magazine isa counterexample. 23. yes 24. No; itis not reversibie; a ine isa counterexample. 25. A phrase is an oxymoron if and only if it contains contradictory terms. 26. If two & are complementary, then the sum of their measures is 90; ifthe sum of the measures of two 4 is 90, then the & are complementary. 27. Colin will become a better player. 28. mz1 + mz2 = 180 29. two angles are vertical, then their measures are equal. 30. If your father buys new gardening gloves, then he wil plant tomatoes. 31a. Given b, Seg. Add. Post. ¢. Subst. Prop. . Distr Prop. @. Subtr. Prop. of Eq. f. Div. Prop. of Eq 32. BY 33. p — 2g 34, 18 35.74 36. 74 37. 105 Selected Answer 38. £1 is compl. to £2, 23 is compl. to 24, and 22. £4 are all given. mZ2 = mZA by the def. of =. 21 and 24 are compl, by the Subst. Post. 21 = 23 by the & Compl. Thm. Chapter 3 Get Ready! 4. £1 and £5, 25 and 22 2.23 and 24 3. 21 and 22 4. £1 and 28, £5 and £2 8. Div. Prop. of 6. Trans. Prop. of = 7.4 8. 61 9.15 10.5 14, 2V17 42. Vi7 13. Answers may vary. Sample: A figure divides a plane or space into three parts the figure itself, the region inside the figure—called its interior-—and the region outside the figure —called its exterior. 14, Answers may vary. Sample: Tans- means “cross”; a transversal crosses other lines. 15. Answers may vary Sample: A flow proof shows the individual steps of the proof and how each step is related to the other steps. Lesson 3-1 pp. 140-146 Got It? 1a. ZH, BC, 7 b. Sample: They are both in plane FEDC, so they are coplanar. ¢. plane BCG || plane ADH d. any two of AB, BF, EF, and AE 2. any three of Zi and £3, £2 and £4, £8 and £6, £7 and 25 B.conesp. & Lesson Check 1-7. Answers may vary. Samples are given. 1. FF and HG 2. EF and GC 8. plane ABF plane DCG 4, 28 and 26 5. 23 and 28 6. 21 and 23-7. £1 and 24 8, Athough lines that are not coplanar do not intersect, they are not parallel. 9. Alt. int. A are & between two lines on oppasite sides of a ‘transversal. 10. Carly; the lines are coplanar since they are both in plane ABH, so AB | HG. Exercises 11. plane /CD || plane ELH 13. GB, JE, T, FA 415. GB, DA, E17. 27 and 26 (lines a and b with transversal d), 22 and 25 (lines b and c with transversal e) 19, £5 and 26 (ines d and e with transversal 6); 22 and 2A (ines b and e with transversal o) 24. 21 and 22 are corresp, 4; 23 and £4 are alt int. 4; 25 and 26 ate corresp, 4. 23. £1 and £2 are comesp. 4; 23 and 2A are same-sde int. 4; 25 and 26 areal. int, & 25. 2 pairs 27. 2 pairs 29. Skew; answers may vay. Sample: Since the paths are not coplanar, they are skew. 31. False; ED and HG are skew. 33. False; the planes intersect. 35. False; both lines ae in plane ‘ABC. 37. always 39. always 41. sometimes 43a, Lines may be intersecting, parallel, or skew. bb. Answers may vary, Sample: Ina classroom, two adjacent edges of the floor ae intersecting, two opposite edges ofthe floor are parallel, and one edge of the floor is skew to each of thevertical edges of the opposite wall. 48a. The lines of intersection are ||. b, Sample: The lines of intersection of ‘a wall with the ceiling and floor (or the lines of intersection of any of the 6 planes with two different, opposite faces) 53. 121 54,59 55, 29.5 56. 16, 32 57. comesp, & SB, alt. int. & 59. alt. ext. A 60. same-side int. 4 Lesson 3-2 pp. 148-155 Got It? 1a. Sample: mz7 = 55, so mZ5 = 55 by the Vert. 4 Thm. b. 125; sample: mz2 = 125 by the Vert 4 Thm, M28 = 125 by the Comresp. 4 Post ; ‘mL6 = 125 by the Vert. 4 Thm. 2. (1) ab (Given) (2) £1 = 25 filines arel, then corresp. & are =.) 3) 25 = 27 Wert. A are =) (4) 21 = 27 (Trans. Prop. of =) 3a. 75; mZ1 = mzd by the Alt. Int. & Thm. b. 75; mZ2 = mz4 by the Corresp. & Post. €. 105; mZ5 = 105 by the Corresp. 4 Post. d. 105; Alt Int. 4 Thm. e, 105; Vert. 4. Thm. f. 105; 28 = 26 by the Corresp. 4 Post. a. x = 64, y = 40 b, Clockwise from the bottom left, the measures are 52, 128, 120, 60. Lesson Check 1-2. Answer may vary. Samples are given. 1. 24 and 25, 22 and 26, £3 and 27, 24 and 28 2. 22 and 25, 24 and 27 3.70 4.55 5. Alike ‘Two parallel lines are cut by a tra nsversal and the angles are congruent; different: The int. 4 are between the two parallel lines, while the ext. & are not between the two parallel lines. 6. same-side ext. 4, because they are ext. ‘4 on the same side of the transversal Exercises 7. £1 (vert. 4), £7 (at. int, A), 24 (corresp. A) 9. £3 (alt int. A), £1 (corresp. 4) 11. (1) all b; Cl] d (Given) (2) 21 = 24 (Alt. int. & are =.) @) 24% 23 (Cortesp. & are =) (4) 21 = 23 (Trans. Prop. of =) 13. mZ1 = 120 because cortesp. A are =; mZ2 = 60 because 22 forms a linear pair with the given 2.45. x= 115, x— 50 = 65 47. 20; 5x = 100, 4x = 80 19. x 135, y= 45 21. 90; all the 4 are because each pair form vert. 4, corresp. 4, or suppl. 4. 23a. 117 b, same-side int. 4 25. (1) ¢ | (Given) (2) 22 & 26 (Comresp. & are =.) (3) mz2 + mZ3 = 180 (A that form alinear pair are suppl.) (4) mz2 = mz6 (ef. of s) (5) mz6 + mZ3 = 180 (Substitution) (6) 26 and 23 are suppl. (IF the sum of the measures of two A is 180, then the 4 are suppl.) 33, never 34, never 35. never 36. sometimes 37. fa 2 has a 90° angle, then itis a right A; true. 38. If two are &, then they are vert. 4; false. 39, Iftwo & are suppl. then they are same-side int. 4; false Lesson 3-3 pp. 156-163 Got It? 1. ¢ || m by the Converse of the Corresp, 4 Post. (eae 2. Answers may vary. Sample: Gen Vesicle = Waste Prop. oe 1 eons, a =, ‘then th ine a 4 ines ae then atl a 3, 22 = 23 (Vert. A are =), so £1 = £3 (Trans. Prop. of =), Sori] s by the Converse of the Corresp, 4 Post. 4.19 Lesson Check 1. Conv. of Corresp. A Post. 2. Conv. of Alt Int, & Thm, 3. 115 4 If you want to prove that alt. int. 4 are =, use the Alt. Int. 4 Thm. if you want to prove that two lines are parallel, use the Converse of the Alt Int. & Thm, 5. Alike: Both give statements and reasons; diferent: The proofs use different formats. 6. DC isthe transversal, 50 the two sarne-side Int. & show that 4B and BC are parallel Exercises 7. Bf || CG by the Converse of the Corresp. 4 Post. 9. Ci || HA by the Converse of the Coresp. & Post. 11a. Given b, 2.1 and 22 form a linear pai. € 4 that form alinear pair are suppl. d 22 = 23 @.if cortesp. 4 are =, then lines are |. 13. 30 15.59 17. all b; if same-side int. & are suppl., then the lines are I 18. a |b; if same-side int. 4 are suppl, then the lines are ||. 21. none 23. a |b (Conv. of the Alt. Et. 4 Thm.) 25. none 27.5 29. m3 + m26 = 180 (Given) and M26 + m7 = 180 (26 and £7 forma linear pair Then 23 = 27 (4 suppl. to the same 2 are =), and || m (Converse of Cortesp, 4 Post.) 31. x = 10; mc = m22 = 70 33. x= 25; mZ1 = m22 = 30 3B. Answers may vary, Sample: if 23 = 25, then € || 0 by the Converse of Comresp. & Post. 37. Answers may vary. Sample: if 25 = 23, then jk by the Converse of the Corresp, & Post. 39. If alt. ext, 4 are or, then the lines are | [Selected Answers |41. Answers may vary. Sample: (Gane) Game) los aI yen ‘en sae sie int ae sp SS g iz a ¢ = 3 2 ge 3 70(21 is suppl. toa 110° 2); mz2 = 110 (£2 is suppl. to 21, whichis a 70° angle) 53. m21 66 (Alt. int. & are =); mz2 = 86 (22 is suppl..to a 94° angle.) 54, always 55. sometimes 56. sometimes 57. never Lesson 3-4 Pp. 164-169 Got 1? 4. Yes place the pieces with 60° 4 opposite each other and place the pieces with 30° & opposite each ther. All four corners will be 90°, so opposite sides will be ||. 2. Yes; a || b because they are both 1 tod, and in plane, two lines to the same line are || Lesson Check 1. They ete L; using Main Street asa transversal, Avenue B Main Steet by Thm. 3-3 2. a || b; ina plane, if two lines are 1 to the same line, then they are ||. 3. Sample: Even if the 3 lines are not in the same plane, each line i parall tothe other 2 lines. &. Thm, 3-8 uses the Converse ofthe Comesp. 4 Post; the 1 Trans. Th, uses the Corresp. A Post 5. The diagram should show thet m and rare 4 Exercises 7a. coresp. 4 b. 21 23 d. Converse of Coresp. & Post. 9. Measure any thee int. A tobe rt. & and opp. wals wl be || because two walls tothe same wall ate 11. The rungs arto each other because they ae all tothe same side, 13, The ungs oe 4 10 both sides. The rungs are 1 to one of two sides, 50 they are 1 to both sides. 15, The rungs ae | because they ae all 1 to one side. 17. Sample: Using the Giagrar underneath Thm, 3-9, FC and AB ae both 2 to HC, but FC and FB are skew, so they cannot be | 31,53 32. 46 33. right 34. obtuse 35. cute 36.60 37,20 38. 40 39. 58 Lesson 3-5 pp. 171-178 Got It? 4. 29 2. 127, 127, 106 3. Yes; answers may vary. Sample: mZACB must = 100, so by the A £-Sum Thm, mZA + 30 + 100 = 180, and mzA = 50, Lesson Check 1.58 2. 45 3.168 4. 130 — x 5. mZ1 = 130 6. mZ3 = 38 7. Answers may vary Sample: Consider the int. 2A of ABC. By the A Z-Sum Thm., the sum of the measures of angles A, B, and Cis 180°. ZA is suppl. to its ext. 2. So the sum of the measures of angles 8 and Cis equal to the measure of the ext. Z of ZA. B.A; all3 A areint. 4, so the solution should use the A 2-Sum Thm. Exercises 9. 30 11.90 13. x= y= 80 15a. 25,26, 28 b. For £5: 21 and 23; for £6: 21 and 22; for 28: 1 and 22 € £6 = £8 17.123 19.m23 m4 = 88 21, 114 23. 60, 80 25. 102, 65, 13 27. 60; answers may vary. Sample: 180 + 3 = 60, so each 2 is 60, 29, x = 37; MZP = 65, mZQ = 78, MLR = 37 31.4 = 67,6 = 58, = 125, d = 23, ¢ = 90 33. 21 isanext. 2 of the A. (Given); 21 and 24 are suppl. (A that form a straight Z are suppl); m1 + M24 = 180 (Def. of suppl); m22 + M23 + mea = 180 (A £-Sum Thm); m2) + mLa M22 + mL3 + MLA (Subst. Prop); mZ1 = mZ2 + 23 (Subtr. Prop. of =) 35. 40,50 47. alc; if 2 same- side ext. are suppl, then the lines are |). 48. a | 6; if 2 lines are || to the same line, they are || to each other. 49, 32 50. m2 1 = mz? = 90; sample: If the sum of ‘wo equal numbers is 180, then each number is 90. 51. 4, 4 >. 2, . A. A. Lesson 3-6 pp. 182-188, Got It? 4. 21 and ZH are comresp. A for lines m and €.Since £1 = ZNHJ, then m || ¢2a. Answers may vary. Sample: bb. No; the length of AB and mzA are not determined. 3. 4 ¢ z = x F pt ‘ Lesson Check 1 4. Yes the same compass opening i used to draw the ares at ©. . No; points £ and F would have been further apa, bt the new point G would determin the same ine #2 asin steo4 6. Siar: You are constructing & line toa gen tine through a given point. Different The given point son the gen linen Probl 3 and is not on the given line in Problem 4, Exercises 7. 4 9. y t a 8 11-13, Constructions may vary, Samples using the following segments are given. ———] 1. A 15. "7. 21. Construct a 23. 29 Lesson 3-7 Got 17 1a. $ b.0 TH ~. ads. 4 3 7 5 te 1, 1N, Ub. tlt points Cand G; I: the of GC with the arcs from Step Ill 43. 3y = 15) = 25 44, x = 104, & — 28) 13. It int. 2, then draw the | line. 3 4 3a. y= 4a.y+t Jet? bey 4 gut d eyo kerepresent the same line. Sa. horizontal: y = ~3; vertical: 4 b. No; the slope is undefined for a vertical ine, so you cannot use the slope-intercept form because that requires a value for the slope. Lesson Check 1. 5 2. -2 3. y= & + 10 4. y= 3 = Mx - 3) ory — 7 = Ale — 4) 5, Answers may vary. Sample: The slope-intercept form y = mx + b uses the slope m and the intercept 6; the point-slope form y = yy = mb — x4) uses a point (x4, y4) on the line and the slope m. 6. The lines have the sare -int., but one line has a steep positive slope and the other has a less steep negative slope. 7. Your classmate switched the x and y-values in the formula for slope. The slope ofthe line is undefined. Selected, ‘An, SWers 41, -] 13, -8 15. undefined 19. et tah cp B.y=}e-5 27.741 = 36-4) 29. y- 6 =~ + 2ory—3= x= 1) BL y-2=-}x-6)ory—4=-Hx- 2) BB. y = ix + Nory + 1 = He + 3) 35, horizontal: y 3-37. horizontal: y = 4; vertical 41 is ~2; vertical 6 39. cay A EESEEH 43, Yes: ifthe amp 24m igh and 72, ong, the soe wb j= 03, wich than the mara slope of 4 = 036, a5. y ets 49. (6, -4) t re | Core i 53. No; answers may vary. Sample < #50 the amp would need to zigzag to comply withthe lav. 908 55a. Undefined; the y-axis is a vertical line, and the siope ofa vertical ine is undefined. b. x= 0 S70. y = Sx +10 «. The abs valle ofthe slopes isthe same, But one slope is pos. and the other is neg. One y-nt. sO and the other is 10. 69. 70. L 4 171. Dist. Prop. 72. Substitution 73. Reflexive Prop. of = 74, Symmetic Prop. of = 75.} 76.3 77. -5 Lesson 3-8 pp. 197-204 Got 1. no hese of 8 $= = And the slope of is §=2 = =} = 4 The slopes are not gaval2.y— 3 = +8) 3. theslopeot fs EE} = & = -8 and the slope of ty is 5 Since the product ofthe slopes rot =1, the Lines are not 1. 4. y ~ 7 = Ye 3) 5. y — 40 J - 90) Lesson Check 1. 4 he slope of is2 andthe slope of @ is ~}, since @(—1) = 1, thelines are 1.2. | the slope of is 6 and the sloe of CB is 6 Since the slopes are equal the lines ate |. 3. Neither; the slope of {2B 30 and the slope of CD is 1. Since the soges are not equal and their product snot “1, the ines are nether | nor 1. , Answers may vary. Sample: y + 3 = Yur ~ 2) 5. The second line should say “slope of paral ite = because || lines have equal slopes. 6. Sample: || line equations have equa sopes. 1 line equations rave slopes wth product —1 Exercises 7. Yes; the slope of €, is ~J and the slope of ¢ is —!, and two lines with the same slope are ||. 9. No; the slope of ¢; is 3 and the slope of ¢, is 2. Since the slopes are not equal the lines are not ||. 41. y= -2x + 313. y - 4 =}ox+ 2) 95. Yes the dope of és ~} and the slope of & 2 Since the product of the slopes & 1 the lines ae 1. 17-No; the slope of €, is ~1 and slope of ¢, is § Since the product ofthe slopes i not thelines are not 1, 19. y - 6 = J - 6) 21. y ~ 4 = J — 4) 23, Yes; both slopes are —1 50 the lines are J. 25.No; the slope ofthe fist line is —2 and the slope ofthe second line is ~3. Since the slopes ae not equal, the ines are not |. 27. ~4 29. No; if two equations represent lines with the same slope and the some ynterept, the equations must represent the same line. 31, slope of AB = slope of CD = ~3, AB|| CD: slope of BC = sope of AD = 1, BC | AD 33. slope of 2B = slope of (D = 0, ABCD; slope of BC = 3, slope of AD = §, BC} AD 35. A 37. Yes; the equations represent 3 horizontal lin an a vertical ine, and every horizontal lines to every vertical ne, 39. Answers may vary. Sample: The thre lines must have the same slope or undefined slope, so all three lines are ||. ata. y = —}x + 100 B (100, 50) « 112 yd 43, Slope of AB is ~f; slope of CD is @; the lines aie SB y= feta Sy 2= Sot Bor <7 Yo N55. y+2= o~ 3hor y + 8 = 4ly +5) 56, Reflexive Prop. of = 57. Mult Prop. of Equality 58. Dist. Prop. 58. Symmetric Prop. 60. Yes; 21 and 22 afe vert. A, andvert. & are = 61. Yes; 21 and 22 are both rt! 4, and al rt. 4 are 62, No; mz1 = 54 (Given) and M22 = 90 ~ 54 = 36 (because 21 and 22 are compl.) Chapter Review pp. 206-210 41. transversal 2, ext, £3. pointslope 4. alt int. 4 5. skew lines 6. slope-intercept 7. £2 and 27, a and b, transversal d; 23 and 6, c and d, transversal e; 23 and 28; bande; transversal ¢ 8. 25 and 28, lines @ and b, transversal c; £2 and 26; a and e; transversal 0 9, 21 and 24, lines ¢ and d, transversal b; 22 and 24, lines a and b, transversal d; 22 and £5, lines cand d, transversal a; £1 and 25, lines a and b, transversal ¢, £3 and £4; b and c; transversal e 10, £1 and 27, lines ¢ and d, transversal b 14. corresp. & 12. alt. nt. 4 4B. mZ1 = 120 because comesp. 4 are =; mz2 120 because £1 and 22 are vert. 4. 14,21 because same-side int. & are suppl; m£2 = 105 because al. int. 4 are =. 15. x = 118,y = 37 16.20 47.20 18. | p:ifcorresp. & are =, then the lines are ||. 19. none; 23 and 26 form a linear pair. 20. € || m; if same-side int. 4 are suppl. then the lines ae 21. | psif at int. & are =, then the lines are | 22, || 23. 2 24. 1st Street and 3rd Street are || because they are both 1 to Morris Avenue, Since 1st Steet and 15 Sth street are both || to 3rd Street, 1st Street and Sth Street are || to each other. 25. x = 60, y = 60 26. peasy as 27.30 28.55 29.3 ° act 5 oan 3. oa +4 — + 34, ~1 35. undefined 36. slope: 2; 37. slope: -2 y-intercept: point: (—5, 3) mA 7 te ar OLE OT 38. y=} + 12 39. y+9=3K-1) 40. y ~ 2% ale — a) ory +2 = Aix ~ 3) 41. neither 42. | 43. 1 44, || 45. y 2 = Bie + 6) 46. y + 3 = -6K - 3) Chapter 4 Get Ready! 215 1. AB = 4, BC= 3, AC=5 2, AB= 8, BC= VIB5, AC = VI37 3. AB = V5B, BC = V32, AC = V5B 4, £/= ZL 8.mZM = mZN = 90 6 ZBisart. 2. 7. LAFB = LCAD 8. LB = LC, LA= LD, ZAEB = ZCED 9. LDAC = BCA, DCA = ZBAC, ZDAB = ZBCD, 2B = 2D 10. mZA = 21, MLB = 71, MLC = 88 11-13. Answers may vary. Sample: 11, The base isthe side that meets each of the two = sides of the A. 12, The legs are the = sides of an isosc. A 113. Corresp. parts are the sides or A that are in the same relative position in each figure, esLesson 4-1 pp. 218-224 Got it? 4. WY = MK, YS = KV, WS = MW, LWa 2M, 2Y = 2K, 25m LV 2. meV = 83 2W= 2M and ZY = 2K because they are corresp. parts of = 4. By the Tiangle Angle-Sum Theorem, mZM + mcK + mZV = 180. By substitution, 62 + 35 + mZV = 180, Soby subtraction, ZV = 83, 3, Answers may vary. Sample: You know that AD = CD (Given) and BD = BD (Reflexive Prop. of ) but you have no other information about the sides and 4 of the A, so you cannot conclude that ABD = ACBD. 4, ZA = 2D (Giver), and ZABE = DBC because vertical 4 are =, Also, ZAEB = ZDCB (Thitd 4 Theorem). The three pairs of sides are = (Giver), so AAEB = ADCB by the def. of =a Lesson Check 1a. iV b. LX 2a. FO b. ZT 3a. 24 b, KL €. CKLU da. cM ZT b. 92 5. Answers may vary. Sample: finding the correct top for a food container 6. No; the & could be the same shape but not necessarily the same size, 7. He has not shown that cortesp. a ate = Exercises 9, & = Hl, FS Fi, ceFG = cH, IGE = 21H, ZFEG = 21H) 44. Cid 13, 2B 15. 2) 17, ACLM 19. AMCL 24, 2P= 25, 20 = ZI, ZL 2D, £Y = 2E 23, 45 ft 25, 52 27. 280i 29, 128 31. No; there are not three pais of = corresp Sides. 33. C35. mZA = mzD = 20 37. 8C = EF =8 39, 43 41, 5 43. Answers may vary. Sample: f POR = AXYZ, then PQ = XV, OR = V2, PR = XZ, P= ZX, 2Q = ZY, and ZR = 22. AS. Two pais of = sides are given, and the third pair of sides are = because PO bisects BT, so TS = RS. FRI] TO, so 2P= 2Q and ZR = ZT because they ae alt. nt. 4; the tid par of & are vertical, 50 they are = Thus GPRS = AQTS by the def of #8, 54. y= 3048 s5.y=-dx42 56.5 57.18 58. 10 59. AB= DE, 2c =F 60. 20 = 25, ZOPR = ZSRP, ZOPR and ZSPR are adjacent, ZQRP and ZSRP are adjacent, 61. 2M = 2U, TO = NV, TV = NO, 2MOT and ZMON are adjacent and suppl,, ZUVT and ZUVN are adjacent and suppl Lesson 4-2 pp. 226-233 Got It? 1. Two pairs of sides are given as =, and BD = BD by the Ref Prop. of =. So ABCD = ABFD by SSS. 2. LE = BN 3, 595; three pairs of corresp. sides Lesson Check 1a. PEN (or ££) b. ZNPE (or 2P) 2a. HA and HT bb, TH and TA 3. SAS 4. SSS 5. Answers may vary. Sample: Alike: Both use three pairs parts to prove A =. Different: SSS uses three pairs of = sides, while SAS uses two pairs of = sides and their = included 4. 6.No; the = 4 are not included between the pairs of = sides. 7. No; the &. have the same perimeter, but the three side lengths of one A are not necessarily = to the three side lengths ofthe other ‘A, So you cannot use SSS. There is no information about, the 4 of the 4, so you cannot use SAS. Exercises oe 8. Fis the midpt. of Gi (Given, so = GF because a midpt. divides a segment into two = segments, The other two pairs of sides ae given as =, so AEFI = AHFG by 555. 11. You need to know LG = HN; the diagram shows that [7 = MQ and ZL = 2M. £L is included between 1G and [T, and 2M is included between MAN and MQ. 13. Not enough information; the congruent vertical angles TOP and AQS are not included by the pairs of s sides. 45. if the 40° 2 is always included betwen the two Sin. sides, then all the & willbe = by SAS, Ifthe 40° 2. is never included between the two Sin. sides, then the angles of the A will be 40°, 40°, and 100°, with the 100° angle included between the Sin. sides, so all the A willbe = by SAS. Buta A with the 40° angle included between the S-in. sides wil nat be = 0 a. vith the 40° angle not included between the 5-in sides. 17. Xis the midpt. of AG and NR (Given), 30 AX = GX and NK = BX by the def. of midpt, Also, LAXN & ZGXR because they are vertical 4, 50 AANX = AGRX by SAS. 19. AB = V25 + 16 = V4T and DE = Vi6 + 36 = V52, 30 QABC # ADEF 21. Answers may vary. Sample: roof trusses fora house, sections ofa ferris wheel, sawhorses used by a carpenter; explanations will vary 23a. Answers may vary. Sample: . : . : u AX 25. Not enough information; you need DY = TK to show included between the pairs of = sides. 29. AE and 8D of bisector). ZACB = ZECD (Vert. 4 are =), so AACB = AECD by SAS. 31. Given the L segments, of bb. Answers may vary. Sample’ZB = LCMA because all t. & ate =. Mis the midpt. of 2B (Given), so AM = MB by the def. of midpt. Since DB = CM (Given), then AAMC = AMBD by SAS. 39. 2E 40. AB 41. FG 42. 2C 43. If 2x = 6, then x= 3; both are true. 44, If x2 = 9, then x = 3; the statement is true and its converse is false. 45. 7H 46. ZMNL (or ZN) Lesson 4-3 pp. 234-241 Got It? 1. AHGO = AACT because FG = AC and the = segments are included between two pairs of = A ZE because allt. are =. AB = AE and = ZDAE (Given, 50 ABC = AAED by ASA Ba. RP bisects ZSRQ (Given), 30 ZSRP = ZQRP by the del. of Z bisector. 25 = 20 (Given) and FP = BP (Refl Prop. of =), s0 ASRP = AQRP by AAS. b. After Steo 3 in the proof, state that IMRVY = ZKVIR by the Third & Theorem and write Step & so AWIMR = ARKW by ASA. 4, Yes; = 5R and LA = £1 (Giver). “LARP = 21RS (ert. A are =), 30 APAR = ASIR by Aas Lesson Check 1. #5 2. LN, £0 3. ASA 4, AAS 5, Answers may vary. Semple: Alike: Both postulates use three pais of = coresp. parts. Different jo use the ASA Postulat, the sides must be included betiveen the pairs of corresp. 4, while to use the SAS Postulate, the a must be included between the pais of corres sides. 6. LM is not included between the pats of coresa, 4.7. 2F= 2G; 2D = 2H Exercises 9. LABC = AEDF 11. AC 1 BD (Given), so ZACB = ZACD because 1 tines form rt. 4, and allt. & ate s. ZBAC = ZDAC (Given) and AC = AC (Ref, Prop. of =), 20 ABC = AADC by ASA. 13a. Ver. & are b. Given ¢. 7Q = RQ d. AAS 15. Given the 1 segments, £0 & 25 because 1 lines form rt. 4, and all rt. A are =. tis given that Tis the midpt. of FR, so PI = AT by the det. of midpt. 2PTQ'= ZATS because vert. 4 are =, so APOT = ARST by AAS 47. AUST = ARTS by AAS. 19. It given that ZN = 2P and MIO = 00. Also, ZMON = 2 QOP Because vert. & are =, So AMON = AQOP by AAS. 21. Answers may vary. Sample: Yes; ASA guarantees a Unique triangle with vertices atthe oak tre, the maple tree, andthe time capsule. 23. No; the common side inchided between the two = 4 in one A, but itis not included between the = inthe other A. 25. AF || BD (Given), so 2A = ZDBC (If || lines, corresp. 4 are =.). Since ZE = 2D and AE = BD (Given), then ‘AEB & ABDC by ASA. 27. Answers may vary. Sample’ 36. SSS; you are given a two pairs of = sides. Another pair of sides 1 + are = by the Refl Prop. of =. 37. SAS; “ c you are given two pairs of = sides. The pair of included angles are congruent because they are vertical angles. 38, 2T= Zl, 2I= 20, 2C= 2K 39, Ti=10, C= OK, Tom IK Lesson 4-4 pp. 244-248 Got It? 1. BA = DA and TA = ED (Given) = LEAD (Vert. A are =.) So AABC = AADE by SAS and ZC = ZE because corresp. pars of = & are = 2a. Itis given that M is the midpt. of BC, so BM = CM by the def. of midpt. 4B = AC (Given) and AM = AW4 (Refl Prop. of =), 50 AAMB = AAMC by SSS. Thus ZAMB = CAMC because corresp. parts of = A are = No; while TR 1 RS, if point &is not at sea level, then TR would not be 4. 10 RL Lesson Check 1. SAS; so ZA = MIA because corresp. parts of = A are =. 2, S55; so ZU m ZE because corresp. parts of = & are =. 3. "“Coresp. parts of ‘A are &" isa short version of the def. of = & 4, AKHL = ANHM by AAS Thm Exercises 5. AKL = AOMN by SAS; Ki= OW, ZO, £) = LN. 7. OM = EB and ME = RO (Give) ‘DE = OE by the Refl, Prop. of =. AMOE = AREO by 555, 30 2M = ZR because corresp. parts of = & are 9. A pair of = sides and a pair of = A are glen. Since Pi = PF (Rell. Prop. of =), then ASTP = AOTP by SAS. 25 = £O because corresp, parts of = A are =. 14. KL bisects ZPKQ, so ZPKL = ZOKL. KL = KL by Refl. Prop. of =. APKL = AQKL by SAS, so ZP= 20 because comesp. pars of = A are =. 13. ZPLK = ZQLK because 1 lines form rt. 4, and allrt. & are =. From the def. of 2 bisector, ZPKL = ZQKL. So with KI = KL by the Refl Prop. of =, APKL = AQKL by ASA and P= 2 because corresp. parts of = Aare = 45, BA = BC (Given) and BD bisects ZABC (Given) CBD (Def. of Z bisector). BD = BD (Refl. Prop 50 ABD = ACAD by SAS. ZADB = /CDB ‘Corresp, parts of = 4 are =.) and ZADB and COB are suppl. 50 they must be rt. A. By def. of 4. lines, BD. AC. = CD (Corresp, parts of = & are =), so BD bisects AC (Def. of seg. bisector). 17. The construction makes AC = BE, AD = BF, and CD = EF. So AACD = ABEF by19. tis given that JR OP, so 2K = £Q and 2)= cP because they are alt. int. 4. With JK = PQ (Given), AKI = APM by ASA and then Jif = Pld because corresp, parts of = & are =, Thus M is the mid. of JP by det. of midpt, So KO, which contains point M, bisects PP by the def. of segment bisector. 27. ASA 28. AAS 29. AC 30. £C 31. 24 32, 105 Lesson 4-5 pp. 250-256 Got It? ta. Yes; since WW = WS, LWVS = 25 by the Isosc. A Thm; yes; since ZWVS ® 25, and ZR = 2 WS (Given), ZR = 25 (Trans. Prop. of =). Therefore, TR. by the Converse of isosc. A Thm. b. No; there is not enough information about the sides or & of ARUV. 2.63 3. mZA = 61, mZBCD = 119 Lesson Check 1a. 70 b.53 2a. 75 b. 134 da, The 4 opposite the = sides are 4 have measure 60, and all three sides a 44 should be opposite the = sides. Exercises 7. UW; Converse of lose. A Thin. $9. Answers may vary. Sample: ZVUY: Isose. & Thm, 41. x = 38, y = 4 93, 108 15, 45 and 45; the sum of the measures of the acute 4 must be 90, s0 the measure of each acute Zmust be half of 90. 47. 2.5. 19.35, 21. 20, 80, 80 o 50, 50, 80 23a, RS b. A; Proof: RS = RS (Refi. Prop. of =) and ZPRS ORS (def. of 2 bisector). Also, 2P = 20 (Given), So APRS = AQRS by AAS. PR = OR because corresp, parts of = A are = 25. AE = DE (Giver), so ZA = ZD by the lose. A Thm, Since AB = DC (Given), then AABE = ADCE by SAS. 27a. is0sc. AB. 900 ft 1100 ft €. The tower is the +. bisector of each base 29, c Draw AB. Using AB as a radius, draw ares with centers A and 8. The intersection of these arcs is Since AABC is A equilateral, ABC is "7 equiangular by the Corollary to Theorem 4-3. 31, m = 36, = 27 ‘41. RC = GV; there are three pairs of = 4 and one pair of & sides, so ATRC = AHGV by AAS or ASA, and RC = GV because corresp. parts of = & are =. 42, The letters are the first letters of the days of the week; 5,5. 43. Yes; the A, share a common side, so they are = by SAS, 4A. Yes; the vertical & are &, so the A are = by SAS. p. 257 Algebra Review 1. (-3, -7) 3. no solution 5. infinitely many solutions 7, infinitely many solutions Lesson 4-6 Pp. 258-264 Got It? ta, APRS and AAPQ are rt. A with hypotenuses (5P = OR) and = legs (PR = FR). So APRS = ARPQ by HL. Bb Yes; the two a satisfy the three conditions of the HL Thm., so they are =. 2. itis given that AD is the .. bisector of CE, so ACBD and EBA are rt. & and CB = EB by the def. of 1 bisector. Also, CD = EA (Given), so ACBD = AEBA by HL. Lesson Check 1. yes; ABCA = AEFD 2. yes; AMPL = AMNO 3.0 4. yes; AXVR = ATVR 5. 13 cm; the hypotenuse is the longest side of a rt. A. 6. Answers may vary. Sample: Alike: They both require information on two pairs of sides and one pair of 4. Different: For HL, the rt. & are NOT included between the two pairs of = sides, while for SAS the & ARE included between the two pairs of = sides. 7. No; ALMJ and AJKL are rt. a with = hypotenuses (MJ = KI) and legs (L7 T7), so ALMI = AJKL by HL, Exercises 9a. ABE and ADEB are rt. A. b. BE = EB . AB = DE d. HL 11. From the given information about segments, APTM and ARM) are rt. 4. ivi = BU (Given), and since M is the midpt. of 7 Thi = JM. Thus APTM = ARMY by HL. 13. x= —1 y= 3 45. Yes; the two A are rt. & with = hypotenuses and one pair of = legs, so the two A. are = by HL. Then RQ = GB because corresp. parts of = A are 117. Using the information about 1. segments, ARST and ATUV are rt. &. RS = TU (Given), and Tis the midpt. of RV (Given), so RT = TV (Def. of midpt.). Thus ARST = ATUV by HL 19. 21. 23. From the given information about an isosc, A, rt. 4, and midot., you can conclude that KG = KE (Def. of isose. A), ALKG and ADKE are rt. (Def. of rt. 4), and TK = DK (Det. of midpt). So ALKG = ADKE by HL, and TG = DE because corresp. parts of = A are =, 25.No, the triangles are not =. Explanations may vary. Sample: DF is the hypotenuse of ADEF, so itis the longest side ofthe triangle, Therefore, its greater than 5 and greater than 13 because its longer than either of the legs. So BF cannot be congruent to AC, which isthe hypotenuse of ‘ABC and has length 13. 32. ASTU is isosceles ST = UT because corresp. paris of = ate =: 33. ASTU is equlatera. ST'= US, TU = ST, and TS = TU because corresp. parts of = A are =. 34. Yes, ‘ABC = UMN by HL. 35. No; ALMN and AHIK have cone pair of = sides and one pair of = 4, but that is not enough to conclude that they are =, 36. No; the hypotenuse of rt. ABC is = to a leg of rt. ARST, so the 4 cannot be = Lesson 4-7 pp. 265-271 Got Ht? 4a. AD b. AB 2. Its given that ACD & ABDC, so ZADC = ZBCD because corresp. paris of = A are =, Therefore, CE = DE by the Converse of the Isose. 4 Thm. 3. APSQ = ARSQ by SAS because PS = RS (Given), 2PSQ = ZASQ (Given), and 50 = 50 (Refl. Prop. of =). So PG = RO and ZPQT = LRT (Corresp. parts of s A are =). Also, OT = OF (Ref. AQRT by SAS. 4, Using ) and the two given pairs 4, AACD = AAED by AAS. Then CD = ED 4 are =) and ZBDC = ZFDE (Vert Therefore, ABDC = AFDE by ASA, and BD = FD because corresp. parts of = are Lesson Check 1. JK 2. 2D SS —] ° 4 2 2 ZZ oN 4 ¢ 5. No; there are several & with vertex J and several 4 with vertex K, and a different 2 at each vertex isin each A. 6. Answiers may vary. Sample: Based on the given statement that APSY = SPL, PL = SY, and cl = ZY because corresp. parts of = Aare =. ZPRL = ZSRY because vert. 4 are =, So APRL = ASRY by AAS. 7. Answers may vary. Sample: Prove AEB = ACED (by SAS) to get AB = CD and ZBAE = ZDCE. Use thos segments and = angles, along with rt. & ADC and ABC, to show AACD = ACAB by ASA, ee Exercises 9. DF 1. [7 NY : * FQ is a common side. 7 LZ NL : and 23 = 24 (Giver, and QB = OB by the Rel. Prop. of =, So AQTB = AQUB by ASA. Thus QT = QU (Corresp. parts of = A, are =.). QE = QE (Refl. Prop. of =), so US, Vi= US. Therefore, AQVT = APSU by SAS, 21. Itis given that AC = EC and CD = CB, and 25. TE = Ri and FE (Given) and El (Refl. Prop. of =), so a ATE = ARIE by SSS. Thus ZTIE = £REI because corresp. parts of = A are =, Also, 27D! = 2ROE because Z TDI and ROE are rt. & (Given) and all rt. 4 are =. So ATDI= AROE by AAS and TD = RO because corresp, parts of = & are Ba. right b right €. Reflexive d. HL 34. ut a £ 35. (1, 2) 36. (1.5, 5.5) 37. (1, 1) Chapter Review pp. 273-276 4. legs 2. hypotenuse 3. corollary 4. congruent polygons 5. I 6. 2U 7. ST 8. ONMLK 9. 80 10.3 14,5 12.35 13. 100 14, 145 15. 2D 16. IMR 17, not enough information 18. not enough information 49, SAS 20. AAS or ASA 21. ATVY = AYWX by AAS, 50 TV = YW because corresp. parts of = A ate =22. ABEC = ADEC by ASA, so BE = DE because cortesp. parts of = A. are =. 23. ABEC = ADEC by S55, s0 28 = 2D because corte. parts of = A are = 24, iF | ines, alt int. & are =, so ZLKM = Z.NMK. Then ALKM = ANMK by SAS, and RW = Wl. because corresp. parts of = A are, 25.x= 4, y = 65 26.x= 55, Y= 625 27. x= 65, y= 90 28.x=7, y= 60 29, TH Kid (Given), so AKIN and AMIN are rt, & Ei s ML (Given) and TW = LW (Refl. Prop. of =), 50 ‘AKN = AMLN by HL. 30. The given information on Segments means APSQand ARQS are rt. A. You know FQ = RS (Given) and Q5 = G5 (Refl. Prop. of =). So PSQ = ARQS by HL. 31. AAEC = AABD by SAS or ASA oF AAS. 32. AFIH = AGHI by SAS. 33. ATAR = ATSP by ASA Chapter 5 Get Ready! p. 281 1 3. midpt. of FB: (1, 2) mmidpt. of BC: 1,2); mmidpt. of AC: @,-3); AB = 2VT7; BC = 2-V23; AC = 4V5 4. midpt. of AB: (4, 2); midpt. of BE: (, 5); midpt of AC: (1,5) AB = 10; BC = 234; AC = 6 5. midpt. of AB: (0, ~3), midpt. of BC: (1, 0); midpt. of AC: (1, 0} AB = 4; 8C = 2V10; AC = 2V70 6. The team did not win, 7.It is too late. 8. mZR= 60 9. -6 10. -§ 41, undefined 42. the length of a segment from a vertex to the opposite side 413. the length of @ 1. segment from the point othe ine 14. a segment that connects the migpts.of2 sides ofthe 15. The ines intersect at one point, oF the ines have exactly one point in cornmon, pp. 285-291 Got It? 1a. AC || ¥Z, CB || XV, AB| XZ b. 65; UV isa midsegment of ANOM, so by the A Midseg, Thm, OVI. Then mZYUO = mZN = 65 because corresp A of || lines are =. 2. DC = 6; AC = 12; EF AB = 15 3. 1320ft Lesson Check 1. NO 2.23 3.4 4, A midsegment isa segiment whose endpoints are the midpts, of tWo sides of a triangle. 5, The segments are ||. 6. The student is assuming that L is the midpt. of OT, which is not given, Exercises 7. UY || XV, UW || TX, YW TV 9. FE Lesson 5-1 11, 2B 13. AC 15. 40 17. 160 19.13 24.6 23.17 25. 156 m 27. 114 f9 in; because the red segments Givide the legs into four = parts, the white segment divides each leg into two = parts. The white segment is a mmidsegment ofthe triangular face ofthe building, so its length is one half the length of the base, 29. 40; ST isa midsegment of APQR, so by the A Midseg. Thm., ST | PR. Then mzQPA = mZQST because corres). 4 of i lines are =. 34, 60 33. 100 35. 18.5 37.C 39, 50 41, x= 6.y = 65 43.24 5. Draw CA. Find Pon such that CA = AP. Draw PD. Construct the 1 bisector of PB. Labe! the intersection point 8, Draw AB. This is a midsegment of ACPD. According to the 4. Midsegment Thm, AB || and AB = }CD. 53. AFBD = AFCE, ABAE = ACAD, ADAF = AEAF, AABF = AACF 54, Answers may vary. Sample: ZBFD = 2 CFE because they are vertical 4. 21 = £2 is given. By the 2 Addition Post, it follows that ZBFA = £CFA. BF= CF is given, and FA = FA by the Refl Prop. Therefore, ABFA = ACFA by SAS. AB = AC because corresp. parts of =. are 55. 6 56. 68 57. 61 Ps Lesson Check 1. 3,25) 2.6 3. obtuse A 4 Since the three bisectors of a A are concurrent, the third bisector goes through the pt. of intersection of the other two bisectors. 5. Answers may vary. Sample: The diagram does not show that QC bisects 25QR, so you cannot, conclude that point C is equidistant from the sides of ZSQR. 6. Each one isa point of concurrency of bisectors of parts of a 4, each is equidistant from three parts of the ‘A, and each is the center of a @ that contains three points of the A. The circumcenter is equidistant from three points, while the incenter is equidistant from three segments The A éinside the © centered a the Greurcenter and outside the © centered atthe incenter Exercises 72-2, 3) 8.(15,1) 11-3, 15) 13. (3.5, 3) 15. C 17.2 19. Isosceles; SR = ST, so ZSRT & ZSTR (\sosc, 4 Thm.). Since P is the incenter of ARST, PR and PT are 2 bisectors. So maPRr = dmz SRT = tmzsTR = mZPTR. This PR = PT by the Converse of the osc. A Thm 2A. Same method as for Exercise 20, 23. An interpretation of the passage is that the treasure is equidistant from three Norway pines. To find the treasure, Karl can find the circumcenter of the A whose vertices are the three pines. 25. P, the markings in the diagram show that P isthe incenter of the triangular station ‘and Cis the circumcenter. f you stand at P, you will be equidistant from the three sides along which the buses are parked. If you move away from P, you will move closer to some of the buses. 27. true 29. : As the diagram shows, circle Cis circumscribed about both APQR and APQS, so al points R and 5 do not have J 10 coincide, 37.4 3 . 17 39. (3, 8) 40. (5, 3.5) Lesson 5-4 pp. 309-315 Got It? 4a, 13.5 b.2:1; ZA = 4C@Z and AC = }CZ, so ZA:AC = 4:4 = 2:1, 2a. Amedian; it connects 8 Vertex of ABC and the midpt. of the opposite side. bb. Neither; Fis a midpt. of ABC, but Gis not a vertex of ‘AABC. «. An altitude; it extends from a vertex of AABC and is 1 t0 the opposite side. 3. (1, 2) Lesson Check 1. median 2.6 3.7.5 4. AB, AC '5. HI does not contain a vertex of AABC, so itis not an akttude of ABC. 6. No; any pair of altitudes meet at the orthocenter of the A. 7. They are 1; since A is the orthocenter of ABC, A lies on the altitude from B to AC. B also lies on this altitude, so the altitude from 6 to AC must be BA. Therefore, BC 1 AC. Selected AnswersExercises 9. ZY = 4.5, 2U = 13.5 11. Median; it connects a vertex of AVABC and the midpt. of the opposite side. 13. Altitude; it extends from a vertex of ABC and is 1 to the opposite side. 15. (6, 4) 17. H 19, 24.125 23. y? 25. 8D 27. OD 29. The folds should show the bisectors of the sides to identity the midpt. of each side, and also show the fold through each vertex and the mmidpt. of the opposite side. 31. C 33. Answers may vary, Sample: The 2 bisector of the vertex 2 forms two A that are = by SAS. Therefore the 2 segments formed oon the base are = (50 the 2 bisector contains a median), and the two 4 formed by the bisector and the base are rt. & (50 the 2 bisector contains an altitude). Thus the median and the altitude are the same, 43. Both; the markings show directly that XV is a. bisector. The two A formed are congruent by SAS, so the twa 4 at top are =. Therefore, XV is also an Z bisector. 44, Neither: XY connects vertex X and the midpt., ¥, of side PQ, so XY is a median. 45. Two angles are not congruent. 6. You ate 16 years old. 47. m2A = 90 Lesson 5-5 pp. 317-322 Got It? ta. Assume temporarily that ABOX is acute 'b, Assume temporarily that no pair of shoes you bought cost more than $25. 2a. land Il b. No; if AABC is an isosc., nonequilateral A, then Statement Il is true but Statement itis not true. Therefore, Statements Il and il are ot equivalent, 3. Assume temporarily that y = 6. Then ‘x + 6) = 70; divide each side by 7 to get x + 6 = 10 and so x = 4. But this contradicts the given statement that x # 4, The temporary assumption that y = 6 led to a contradiction, so we can conclude that y # 6. Lesson Check 1. Assume temporarily that at least one Z in quadrilateral ABCD is not art. 2 2. Lines a and b meet at P. 3. The negation of "ZA is obtuse" is "ZA isan acuteor ang Exercises 5. Assume temporarily that £J isa rt. 2. 7. Assume temporarily that no Z is obtuse. 9. Assume ? temporanly that m22 5 90. 14. | and Il 13.1 and I 15a.rt. 2 Bb. rt 4 €.90 d. 180 @.90 £.90 g.0 bh. more than one rt. 2 i. at most one rt. 2 47. Assume temporarily ¢ || p. Then 21 = 22 because if lines are |] then corresp. 4 are =. But this contradicts the given : statement that £1 # £2. Therefore the temporary assumption is false, and we can conclude that € fp. 19. Assume temporarily that XB # XA. 21. | and Ii 23. Assume temporarily that atleast one base Z is art. Z, Then both base 4 must be rt. &, by the lsosc. A Thm, But this contradicts the fact that a A is formed, because in a plane two lines 1 to the same line are |, Therefore the temporary assumption is fase that at least one base 2 is a i. Z, and we can conclude that neither base Z is art. 2. - 25. Assume temporarily that an obtuse A can contain a '. 2. Then the measure of the obtuse 2 plus the measure of the rt. Z must be greater than 90 + 90 = 180. This contradicts the A Angle-Sum Thm., so the temporary assumption that an obtuse A can contain art. 2 is, incorrect. We can conclude that an obtuse A cannot contain art. 4. 27. The culprit entered the room through a hole in the roof; al the other possiblities were ruled out. 35. 24 cm 36, 30 and 120 37. Law of Syllogism : BC, AB 39. GA, BC, BA eae LP] FT eb Algebra Review Axs-1 3.x > 105 5.2=90 72>05 9ns—F WL x> 5 Bs -1 1.x> 8 17. x = -362 323Lesson 5-6 pp. 324-331 Got It? 1. 25 isan ext. Z of ACD, so by the Corollary to the A Ext. 2 Thm, mz5 > mZC. 2. Holingsworth Rd. and MLK Blvd. 3. OX; mZX = 180 ~ (130 + 24) = 26, so m£O > mZX > ZS, By Theorem 5-11, SX > 05> OX. da. No; 2 + 6% 9. be Yes; the sum of the lenaths of any two sides is greater than the length of the third side. 5. 3 in. 10,9+ 10>2,and2+10>9 27.4 ft mZA (Comparison Prop. of Inequality). Therefore PA > PT by Thm. 5-11, 50. Assume temporarily that the side i less than 2 ft long. 51. Assume temporarily that no two 4 of APQR are =. 52. SSS 53. 40 54, 25 55. no Lesson 5-7 pp. 332-339 Got It? 1a. LN > 0Q b. Assume temporasily that MZP# McA. ii mZP = MZA, then ABC = AFQR (SAS), but this contradicts the fact that BC # QR. If mzP < mZA, then by the Hinge Thm., QR < BC. This contradicts the fact that QR > BC. Therefore, mzP > mZA. 2. The 40° opening; the lengths of the blades do not change as the scissors open. The included angle between the blades of the 40° opening is greater than the included angle of the 35° opening, so by the Hinge Thn., the distance between the blades is greater for the 40° opening, 3. -6 mZMON, the Hinge Thm. yields UM > MN Lesson Check 1. FD > BC 2. mZUST > mzVST 3. Answers may vary, Sample: As a door opens, and the angle between the door and doorway increases, the distance between the door jamb and the nonhinge vertical edge of the door increases, 4. The two A that are formed by ® sides are ZABD and ZCDB. Since the side ‘opposite ABD is longer than the side opposite 2 CDB, the correct conclusion is mZABD > mZCDB. §. Answers may vary. Sample: Both deal with a pair of & that have two pairs of = corresponding sides along with a relationship between the A formed by those sides. Exercises 7. PR < RT 9. no conclusion 11.6 mZRTS; mzPTQ + mZQTR + MZRTS = 180, so mZPTQ + mLRTS = 88. Thus MZRTS < 88 by the Comparison Prop. of inequality, so m2QTR > mZRTS by the Transitive Prop. of Inequality. 19a. The two labeled 4 are formed by = corresp. sides of the two 4, so the side ‘opposite the 94° 2. should be longer than the side ‘opposite the 91° 2, by the Hinge Thm. Thus the side labeled "13" must be longer than the side labeled "14." bb, Answers may vary. Sample: Switch the angle labels 91° and 94°. 24. A 23. AABE = ACBD (Given) so AABE and ACBD ate isose. with AB = EB = DB = CB. Since mZEBD > mZABE (Given), ED > AE by the Hinge Thm. 34. 27, ZF, 2R 32. 2M, ZL, 2K 33.4cm 15. 33. Yes; 10 + 12 > 20, 10 + 20 > 12, and 12+ 20> 10, 34, 1ft 37.< Chapter 6 Get Ready! 4. 30 2.42 3.22 4. yes 5.no 6. yes 7. || 8.1 9. neither 10. ASA 11. SAS 12. AAS 13. Answers may vary. Sample: polygon in which all the 4 are = 114. Answers may vary. Sample: four-sided figure formed by joining two isosc. & 15. Answers may vary. Sample: ‘Angles that follow one right after the other, Lesson 6-1 pp. 353-358 Got It? ta. 2700 b. Answers may vary. Sample: Divide 1980 by 180, and then add 2, 2. 140 3. 102 4.40 Lesson Check 1. 1620 2. 360 3, 144, 36 4. Yes; explanations may vary. Sample: rectangle that is not square 5. 2.2 and 24; their measures are equal; answers may vary. Sample: Two 4 suppl. to the same 2 must be 6. Answers may vary. Sample: ext. 2 would measure 50, which is not a factor of 360. Exercises 7.900 9.2160 11. 180,000 13. 150 45. 60, 120, 120, 60 17. 145 19. 10 21.3.6 23.8 25. 18 27. octagon; mZ1 = 135, mZ2 = 45 29. y = 103, 2 = 70 31, 36 33. 144; 10 35. 150; 12 37. 45, 45, 90 39a. 180n b. (n — 2)* 180 € 180n ~ [(n — 2)- 180] = 360d, Polygon Ext. Sum Theorem 41. octagon 49. CD; the longer side is opposite the larger 2. 50. Distr. Prop. 54. Ref. Prop. of = 52. Sym. Prop. of = 53, ASA 54a. ZHGE b. ZGHE ¢. ZHEG d. GH e. HE f. EG PP. 359-366 Lesson 6-2 Got It? 1.94 2.1, ABCD isa & and AK = MK. (Given) 2. LA= LBCD (Opp. 4 of aD are =) 3, 2A= LCMD (lsosc. A Theorem) 4, ZBCD = ZCMD (Transitive Prop. of =) Ba. x= 4, y= 5, PR = 16, SQ = 10 b. No; answers may vary. Sample: Solutions toa system of equations do not depend on the method used to solve it, 4. 5 Lesson Check 1. 53 2. 127 3.5 4.7 5. £D = 12, FD = 24 6, Answers may vary. Sample: The 2 opposite the given 2 is congruent to it. The other two and the Given 2 are consecutive 4, 50 they are supplements of the given 2. 7. A quad. and a ci both have four sides, bt if both pairs of opp. sides are |, then the figure is a J. 8. itis not given that PG, RS, and TV are |) Exercises 9.127 11. 100 13a. Def. of 5 b. If lines are ||, then alt. int. A are =. €, Opo. sides of a2 are di. AABE = ACDE e. Cortesp. parts of = A are = £. AC and BD bisect each other at E. 15. x= 5, y 47.3 19.9 21.2.25 23, 45 25.20 27. x= 12,y 29.22, AB = 236, BC = 185, CD = 23.6, AD = 185 3a.2'5{t b. 129 €. Answers may vary. Sample: As mZE increases, mZD decreases. LE and ZD are suppl. 33. Answers may vary. Sample 1. ao LENS and NGTH (Given) 2.2L ENS and 2GNH = ZT. (Opp. 4 ofaG are 3. ZENS = ZGNH (ert. & are = 4. ZL = ZT (ransitive Prop. of 35. Answers may vary. Sample: 1. LENS and NGTH (Given) 2. ZEis suppl. to ZENS. (Consecutive ina o are suppl) 3. ZGNH = ZENS (Vert. & are =) ‘4. 2GNH = ZT (Opp. 4 of ao are 5. ZENS = ZT (Transitive Prop. of =| 6. ZEis suppl to ZT. (Substitution Prop.) 37.1. «9 RSTW and XYTZ (Given) 2. KY | TZ and TZ | RS. (Def. of 3) 3. XY || RS (if two lines are || to the same line, then they are | to each othex) 39.mé1= 71, mZ2 = 28, mc3 = 8141. AB = CD = 13, BC = AD = 33 49. 1440 50, 2520 51. 4140 52. 6840 53. AC 1 DB (or ZACD and ZACB are rt. 4) 54.42 Lesson 6-3 pp. 367-374 Got It? 1. x= 10, y = 43 2a. No; DEFG could be an osc. trapezoid. (One pair of sides must be both = and j.) ba yes, 1. ZAIN = ZDNL; ZANL = £DUV (Given) 2. Wil) and AL || ND. (alt. int. & are =, then fines are [.) 3, LAND isa C7. (Def. of 2) 3. 6 ft, explanations may vary. Sample: The maximum height occurs when QP is vertical Lesson Check 1. 112 2. Yes; opp. 4 are =. 3. No; the diagonals may not bisect each other. 4. because ‘Thm. 6-3 and its converse are both true 5. Thm. 6-1 and Thm. 66 are converses of each other. Use Thm. 6-11 if you need to show the figure is a C7. Use Thm. 6-6 iis given that the figure isa. 6. Itis a © only if the same pair of opp. sides are = and | Exercises 7.5 9. x= 21, y= 39 11.5 13. Yes; both pais of opp. sides are =. 18. Yes, both pais of opp. 4 are 17. A quad, © if and only ifits opp. sides are =; 2 quad. is a Cif and only if its consecutive A are suppl; a Quad. i$ 3 if and only fits opp. A are =; a quad. isa if and only if ts diagonals bisect each other. 419. Answers may vary. Sample: Draw 6D. (Construction) ZCBD = ZADB (Alt int. & are =) BC = DA (Gwen) BD = BD (Refl Prop. of ABCD = ADAB (SAS) (ZEDC = ZDBA (Corresp. parts of = & are =) ABC (ial. int. 4 are =, then lines are.) ABCD isa £2. (Def. of ) inswers may vary. Sample ZA is suppl. to 28. (Given) BC || AD (Converse of Corresp. 4 Postulate) ZA\is suppl. to 2D. (Given) AB || DC (Converse of Corresp. Postulate) ABCD is @ 6. (Def. of 2) y= tt inswers may vary. Sample ‘TRS = ARTW (Given) SR = WF and ST = WR. (Corresp. parts of = & are =) ASTWis a c.f both pairs of opp. sides of a then the quad. is 22.) 30, k = 120 33.m=95, x= 15 Bac 13, f=11 35.1 BC, 2DAB = CBA (Given) 2, AB = AB (Rell. Prop. of = 21. 23. 25. Re etait es cet cle 32.2 3. AACB = ABDA (SAS) 4. AC = BD (Corresp. parts of = & are 36, 7.47 37. 7.47 38. 7.47 39, 3.5 40. 13.2 41.124 2.56 43, 56 44. 28 Lesson 6-4 pp. 375-382 Got It? 1. Rhombus; opp. sides of a C7 are =, so all sides of EFGH are =, and there are no rt. 4. 2.21 = mZ2 = m23 = M24 = 38 Ba. 43 5 bb. Isosc.; diagonals of a rectangle are = and bisect each z £ other. : Lesson Check 1. Square; itis a rectangle because of the rt. 2, and a rhombus because it has 4 = sides. 2. Rhombus; it has 4 = sides, andno rt. 4. 3.mz1 = 40, mZ2 = 90, mZ3 = 50 4.4, 4 5. rectangle and square; rhombus and square 6, The first step should be +8 + 9x6 = 90. Exercises 7. Rectangle; the 7 has 4 rt. 4 and does not have 4 = sides. 9. m21 = mZ2 = mz3 = mz4 = 37 V1. m21 = 118, m22 = M23 = 31 1B. mZ1 = 32, m£2 = 90, m23 = 58, m4 = 32 15.mZ1 = 55, m2 = 35, mZ3 = 55, mZ4 = 90 17. mZ1 = 90, mZ2 = 55, m23 = 90 19, x= 3, IN= MP =7 21. x = 9; IN = MP = 67 23. x= 25; IN = IMP = 12.5 28. 0 27. rectangle 29.9, thombus, rectangle, square 31. c7, rhombus, rectangle, square 33. G, rhombus, rectangle, square 35. rectangle, square’ 37. hombus, square 39. x= 5, y = 4; all sides ate 3. 41a, Given bs. Def. of rectangle . Refl. Prop. of = di Det. of rectangle e. AB = DC f. ABC = ADCB 9. Allit. 4 are =. f. Comesp, parts of = Aare = 43, x= 5, y= 32,2575 445. Answers may vary. Sample: 1. ABCD isa thornbus. (Given) 2B = AD and CB = CD. (Def. of rhombus) AC = AC (Rell. Pop. of =) ABC = AADC (555) 23 = £4 and 22 = 21. (Comesp. parts of = & are =) 6. AC bisects ZBAD and ZBCD. (Det. of Z bisector 47, mZH = mi) = $8, m2K = m2G = 122, HK = KI) =JG = GH = 6 49, AC = BD = 16 51. AC = BD = 159. Yes; both pairs of opp. sides of the quad. are =. 60. No; two opp. sides are = and two ‘opp. sides are |, but not the same pair of opp. sides 61. Yes; diagonals of the quad. bisect each other. 62. 6 63. 16 64.5 65. AQ 66. PR 67. 5T 68. Answers may vary. 68. Answers may vary. Sample Sample: Selected AnswersLesson 6-5 pp. 383-388 Got It? 1a. The © is not a rectangle or a square because 4 are not rt. 4. It might be a rhombus. b, No; ‘the fact that the diagonals bisect each other is true of all a7. 2.4 3. Yes; make diagonals . The result will be @ rectangle and a rhombus, so its square. Lesson Check 1. Rectangle; diagonals are 2. Rhombus; diagonals are 1 3.2 4. 3 5a, rhombus, square b. rectangle, square «. rhombus, square d. rectangle, rhombus, square e. rhombus, square 6. The only a? with 1 diagonals are rhombuses and squares. 7. Rectangle; diagonals are =. Exercises 9. Rhombus; diagonals are 1. 11. 12 13. 10 15, Answers may vary. Sampie: Measure the lengths of the frame's diagonals. If they are =, then the frame has the shape of a rectangle, and therefore a parallelogram; measure the two pairs of alt. int. & formed by the turnbuckle (the transversal). f both pairs of & ar then both pairs of opposite sides of the frame are | 47.11 19. 16 21. Rhombus; Answers Selec swers may vary, Sample 23, Answers may vary. Sample: 1. AB bisects ZBAD and 2BCD. (Given) 21 = 22 and £3 = 24. (Det. of bisect) AC = AC (Rell. Prop. of =) AABC = AADC (ASA) AB = AD and BC = CD. (Corresp. parts of = & are 6. AB = @D and BC = AD. (Opp. sides of a are =) 7. AB = AD = BC = CD (rans. Prop. of 8, ABCD is a rhombus. (Def. of rhombus) 25. Construct the midpt. of each diagonal. Copy the diagonals so the two midpts. coincide. Connect the endpoints of the diagonals. 27. Construct the midpts. of each diagonal. Construct two LL lines, and mark off diagonal lengths on the 1 lines. Connect the endpoints of the diagonals. 36. mz1 = 128, mZ2 = 26, m23 = 26 37. mZ1 = 57, mZ2 = 57, mZ3 = 66 3B. mzi = 90, m£2 = 58, mZ3 = 90 39, AC isa rhombus if and only if its diagonals are 1. 40. A isa rectangle if and only ifits diagonals are =. 41. a = 56, b = 6.8; 45, 45, 42,42 42.3; 18, 48, 18, 16.4 43. m= 5, n= 15; 15, 15, 21,21 a 3 a 5. Lesson 6-6 Got It? 4 pp. 389-397 MLP = MZQ = 74, MLS = 106 b. Yes; Dé || GF so same-side int. 4 are suppl. 2. obtuse 2 measure: 102; acute 2 measure: 78 3a. 6; 23 b. 3; 1; A ‘4 has 3 midsegrents joining any pair of side mid. ‘A trapezoid has 1 midsegment joining the midpts. of the two legs. 4. m1 = 90, mZ2 = 54, m23 = 36 Lesson Check 1. m1 = 78, m22 = 90, m23 = 12 2, mZi = 94, mZ2 = 132 3.20 4. No; akite’ opp. sides are not = or ||. 5. Answers may vary. Sample: Similar: diagonals are -., consecutive sides =. Different: ‘one diagonal of a kite bisects opp. & but the other diagonal does not; all sides of a rhombus are =. 6. Def, of trapezoid is a quad. with exactly one pair of || sides. A has two pais of | sides, so a isnot a trapezoid Exercises 7.mZ1 = 77, mZ2 = 103, mZ3 = 103 9. mZ1 = 49, mZ2 = 131, mZ3 = 131 14. mat = M22 = 115, M23 = 65 13,9 15.9 17. mZ1 = 90, mZ2 = 45, mZ3 = 45 19.mZ1 = 90, mZ2 = 26, mZ3 = 90 21. mZ1 = 90, mz2 = 55, m£3 = 90, mZ4 = $5, mZ5 = 35 23.mz1 = 90, mZ2 = 90, mZ3 = 90, mZ4 = 90, mZ5 = 46, mL6 = 34, MLT = 56, ZB = 44, mz9 = 56, mZi0 = 44 25. Answers may vary. Sample: 27. No; explanations may vary. Sample: Assume KWH bisects both &. Then MRLs ZMKN = ZKML 2 ZKMN. Both pairs of sides of KLMN would be |, and KUMN would be 2 ©. tis impossible for an isosc rap. to also be a 3, so Kid cannot bis. ZUM and ZLKN. 29.15 31, AD = 4, FF = 9, BC = 14 33. HG CD = 5, EF = 8 BB. x = 35, y = 30 37. ise ‘rapezoid; AB || DC at. int. 4 are =, then lnes ae |) and AD = BC. (Comesp. pars of = 4, are =.) 39. Yes; the © 4 canbe obtuse, 41. Yes: if two = 4 ate rt. 4, they ae suppl. The other two 4 are aso suppl. 43. Yes; the = & each have measure 45 45. Answers may vary. Sample Draw AE || DC. (Construction) AECD isa 3. (Det. of 3) HE = BC (Opp. sides of a. are = Z1-= ZC (fl lines, comesp. & are =) 2B = 21 (lsose. A Thm.) (£8 = ZC (Transitive Prop. of =) 4D and ZC are suppl. (If || lines, same-side int. ‘are suppl, BAD and 2B are suppl. (If || lines, same-side int. 4 are suppl) 9. 2BAD = £04 suppl. to = & are =)47. Isosc. trapezoid; answers may vary. Sample: aS 49. Rectangle, square; answers may vary. Sample: 51. Kite, rhombus, square; answers may vary. Sample: I 53, Answers may vay. Sample 1. AB = DC (Giver) 2, ZBAD = ZCDA (Base A of an isos. trapezoid are =) AD = AD (Refl. Prop. of ABAD = ACDA (SAS) BD = CA (Corresp. parts of = & are =.) nswers may vary. Sample Draw TA and PR, (Construction) TR = PA (Given ZTRA & ZPAR (Base A of an isose, trapezoid are =) 4, RA = RA (Refl, Prop. of 5. ATRA = APAR (SAS) 6. ZRTA = ZAPR (Corres. pans of = A ae = 57. Tue; a squareisa cy with 4. 3. 58, Fake; a thombus has 4 sides, and a kite does not. 61. False counterexample: kites and trapezoids are nots. 74. 61 72. 27 73. 12 74, 89 75. (1, 3); V200 or 10V2 76. 55. wNobuaw Algebra Review p. 399 1.52 3.8 5. 4V3 7. 6V2 9.6 11. 7V2 13.2V6 15.249 Lesson 6-7 pp. 400-405 Got It? 1. scalene 2a. Yes; slope of WIN = slope of 7G = ~3 and siope of NP ~ slope of MQ = 3, s0 opp. sides are ||. The praduct of slopes is 1, so sides are b. Yes; MN = PQ = NP = MQ = VTO. ¢. Yes; slope of FB = 3 and slope of BC = —4, so the product oftheir slopes is —1, Therefore, AB 1 BC and 2Bisart. 2 So ABC is art, A by def, of t. A. 3. thombus (The length of each side is Vi3.) Lesson Check 1. isosceles 2. No; explanations may vary, Sample: The diagonal lengths (\/29 and 5) are not equal. 3. Find the coordinates and use the Distance Formula to compare lengths. 4. Answers may vary. Sample: DEFG is not @ 7 Exercises 5. Scalene; side lengths are 4,5, and V17. omen 7. Isosceles; side lengths are 22, 34, and V34. ‘9. Rhombus; explanations may vary. Sample: All four sides are = (with length V5), and diagonals are not (with lengths 2 and 4). 11. None; explanations may vary. Sample: Consecutive sides are not = or 1. 13. Rhombus; ‘explanations may vary. Sample: All sides are = and consecutive sides are not 1415. chombus v7. scalene; not rt. 19. Oy mH a oy 23. [efebelet tele kate 25. soapquadrilateral 29. 5 e 2 s 2 a g = 2 g 3 kite 31. Yes; PR = SW = 4, PQ = ST= V70, QR = TW= 3V2, 0 APQR = ASTW by SSS, 33, 2 24 units? 35. slope of DE = 2; sope of AB = 2; DE = V5; AB = V5. So DE AB and DE = $48. 37, Answers may vary. Sample: Chair are not at vertices of @ 7. Move right-most chair down by 1 grid unit. 49. mz1 = 62, ma2 = m23 = 118, x= 25 50. (3,2) 51.(-3, -4) 52. -1 53.0 54, Lesson 6-8 Pp. 406-412 Got It? ta. A(—b, 0), Eb, 3), Cb, a), Mb, 0) bb. K(=b, 0), KO, a), ME, 0), 0, a) 2a. Answers may vary. Sample: x-coordinate of B is 2a more than xcoordinate of Cb. yes; TR = AP Va 2b +P +e 3. y Lo, 26) P= 2,0) "AE OF Given: APQR, midpoints M and N Prove: MN PR and Mn = LPR + First, use the Midpoint Fofmula to find the coordinates of Mand W. + Then, use the Slope Formula to determine whether the slopes of IN and PR are equal. f they ae, then MAN | PR. * Finally, use the Distance Formula to find and compare the lengths of MAN and PR. Lesson Check 1, (2b, c), M(2a, 0) 2. The slope of Ri is ap Sy5, and the slope of OL is 75-£5 3. (2 + 8,5) 4. Answers may vary. Sample Using variables allows the figure to represent al possiblities, 5. rectangle 6. Answers may var. Sample: Classmate gnored the coefcient2n the coordinates, The endpoints are (b, c) and (a + d, c). Exercises 7. 0(0, 0), 5(0, h), Tb, h), Wib, 0) 9. 5-8, 8), (-2.2), (3.8). 20-8) ‘11. Wer, 0), 10, 1), S(-r, 0), 40, -1) 13. Yes, ABCD is a rhombus, The slope of AC = —1, and the slope of BD = 1, 0 the diagonals ae 1 45, Answers may vay. Sample 6,4 OO) 47. Plc = a,b) 19. P(-b, 0) 2a. Answers may vary. bb, Answers may vary, Sample sample: 5.20) a0.0// \acb.0), . VbR + a2, VBP + ac? db. Vb? + C2, VER + e. The results are the same, 23. Answers may vary, Sample: Place vertices at A(0, 0), (a, 0), Cla + 6, 0), and Dib, 0). Use the Distance Formula to find the lengths of opp. sides. 25. Answers may vary. Sample: Pace vertices at A(O, 0), 8(0, a), Cla, a), and Dia, 0). Use the fact that a horizontal in is to'a vertical line, 27. isos trapezoid 29. square 31. Answers may vary. Sample: 2. No} product of slopes is not ~1, so there are no rt A. MBa.f x #51, then 2x # 102. b.If 2x # 102, then X #51, Ada. ita #5, then a #25, beifa® ¥ 25, then a % 5. 45a. If b not less than —4, then bis not negative, b. If bis not negative, then b is not less than —4. 6a. ff cis not greater than 0, then cis not positive. b. If cis not positive, then cis nat greater than 0. 47a. If the sum of the measures of the interior A of a polygon is 360, then the polygon is a quadrilateral. b. Wa polygon is a quadrilateral, then the sum of the measuresBy the Midpoint Formula, the coordinates of the midpoints are 10, b), Wa, 26), Vi2a, 6), and Ut, 0). By the Slope Formula, of the interior 4 of the polygon is 360. 48. y = Sx 49. y -q=Hx-p) Lesson 6-9 pp. 414-418 slope of TW = =p = & Got It? 1. The factor 2 avoids fractions. w= tab. b , e -+ 2. Answers may vary. Sample: plone cae, aes slope of VU = £=0 = 8 web ® slope of UT = B=0 = 6 So TW || VU and WV || UT. Therefore, WVU is a aT By the Slope Formula, slope of TV = 0, and slope of WU is undefined, TV 1. WU because horiz. and vert. lines Given: APQR, midpoints M and N ‘are Since the diagonals of GTWWU ae Lit must be 2 rhombus. Prove: MAN | PR, MN = $pR ; By the Midpoint For mula, coordinates of the midpoints a eee are M(-2, b) and Me, ). By the Slope Formula, slope of WM = slope of PR = 0, so MV || PR. By the Distance Formula, MN = Vic + a) and PR = 2V{c + aF, so mn = ber. Lesson Check Given: DEFG is parallelogram. Cy 'b. (0, b), (a,b), and (a, 0) Prove: GE 1 DF tie € Given: Rectangle PORS By the Slope Formula, slope of GE 0, and Prove: PR = 50d. Answers aoa A A slope of OF = viichis undefined So GE must may vary, Sample: By the a cates omnes be horizontal and DF must be vertical. Therefore, eee GE 4. DF because hori, and vert. ines are 1. #8 = VO= 9+ O—BF = VE and so staat ce ae pemuOla ieee V0 = a + (6 — OF = Va? + BP S0 PR = 50. y, Becimar ea cue fats haters mae feb, 29 acd, 29) and y-axes so that the axes are the diagonals of the rhombus. 3. Your classmate assumes PQRO is an isos ‘trapezoid, a ec) Given: Trapezoid TRAP, M, L, N, and K are midpoints ofits Exercises Sa. !(~a, b), Ma, b) b. PN = Vea? +B, ft = V9at + BF e, The Distance Formula shows thet sides PN and Fi are the same length. 7. Yes; use Slope Prove: MUNK is a. Formula. 9, Yes, we Midpoint Formula, 14. No, you 8y the Midpoint Formula, the coordinates ofthe need 2 meesures, 13. Yes use Distance Formula, midpoins are MU, ¢), ib + 0,20, Mla dc, and 415. Yes; answers may vary. Sample: Shows four sides have _K(a, 0) By the Slope Formula, the slope of ME ~ &, the the same length or show chagonals 1.47. Ne:you need slope of TW = 5S, the ope of AK = §, andthe slope 19. Answers may vary. Sample: of Ki = 5-55. Since slopes are =, ML || NK and y Waa) Twi | RW. Therefore, MLNK is a. by def. of o. 025 2 139,37), Mp + 34,39, NP, 0) 7 i bb, equation of JM: y = ate equation of By 3p) Given: MNPO is a rectangle. equation of CL: y = 6p) TW, VU ore midpoint of its ides, «Pup + 24,27 Prove: TWWU's atoms, G4. The coordinates of Psat the equation for RAEN [Selected Answers924 60) AM = Vip + 3q— OF + G@r— OP = Vp + 3g? + BF, 2 2am 2V8p + 3q? + GF Vile + 397 + ov? = V[3e° : 3a? | + on] = Vi2p + 2a? + (an; Ap = Viap + 2q— OF + @r— OF = Veap + 2g)? + (27? So AP = 2AM. You cn fin the other two distances sina +33. (a, ey 34, Answers may vary. Sample; 2A = £C, ADB = Z.CDB, and AD = CD (Given), so AABD = ACBD by ASA. Then AB = CB because corresp. parts of = A are =. 35, Answers may vary. Sample: FE = FG, EF = GH, (Given) and HF = HF (Reflexive Prop. of =), 30 HEF = AFGH by SS. Then 21m 22 because corresp. parts of = & are =. 36, KN = ML (Given), ZKNL = ZMLN (All rt. & are =), and NL = NL Gflexve Prop. of). Then ARN AMIN by SAS, and ZK = 2M because coresp parts of = & ate & 37.12, 12 38.8, -8 3905, -5 40.165, 166 Chapter Review pp. 420-424 4. thombus 2. equiangular polygon 3, consecutive angles 4. trapezoid 5. 120, 60 6. 157.5, 22.5 7. 108, 72 8. 360, 360, 360 9, 159 10. 69 11. MZ1 = 38, M22 = 43, M23 = 99 12.mZ1 = 101, m£2 = 79, mZ3 = 101 13. mz1 = 37, mZ2 = 26, M23 = 26 14. m21 = 45, mZ2 = 45, mZ3 = 45 15. x= 3, y= 7 16. x= 2, y= 5 17.n0 1B. yes 19. x = 29, y= 28 20. x= 4, y=5 21, mzi = 58, mZ2 = 32, M23 = 90 22. mL1 = 124, mZ2 = 28, m23 = 62 23. sometimes 24. always 25. sometimes 26. sometimes 27. sometimes 28, always 29. No; two sides are || in all. 30. Yes; the is a rhombus and a rectangle so it must be a square. 31. x = 18; a diagonal bisects a pair of 4 in a rhombus. 32. x = 4; a rectangle has = diagonals that bisect each other. 33. m21 = 135, mZ2 = 135, mZ3 = 45 34, mZ1 = 80, m22 = 100, mZ3 = 100 35. mZ1 = 90, mz2 = 25 36. mZ1 = 52, mZ2 = 82 37.2 38, scalene 39. isosceles 40. parallelogram 41. kite 42. rhombus 3. isosc. trapezoid 44, F(0, 26), L(2, 0), P(O, ~2b), S{-a, 0) 45. (a = b,o) 6. Answers may vary. Sample: le, 23) k i (28,26) F2b,20) » ‘0 Ogee Given: Kite DEFG,K,L, M, N are midpoints of sides Prove: KLMN is a rectangle 8y the Midpoint Formula, coordinates of midpoints are K(=b, 2 + 0, Lib, a + 6h, Mb, and MB, ). By the Siope Formula, slope of RI = slope of I = 0, and siope of RW and siope of Li are undefined. KL Nd and A | [id 30 KUM is a. KL 4 OM, OM 4 NM, RW NW, and KV 1. RT so KUMI a rectangle Chapter 7 Get Ready! p. 429 41. 70; if lines are |, same-side int. 4 are suppl, 2. 110; if lines are |], corresponding 4 are =. 3. 70; adjacent angles forming a straight 2 are suppl. 4,70; itisavert. 2 with £1; vert. 4 are =, 5. DL 6. 2A 7. ZDLH 8 AAPC 9, AKNP = ALNM by SAS, 10, ABAC = ABED by AAS. 11. AUGH = AUGB by SSS. 12. 6,6 13. 4.7,9.4 14, Answers may vary. Sample: The relative sizes of the body pars in the drawing are the same as those of a real person. 15, Answers may vary. Sample: They might be similar if they have the same shape. 16. Answers may vary. Sample: Measure the ‘umber of inches on the map between the two cities, and ‘multiply that number of inches by the number of miles represented by 1 in. pp. 432-438 4.354 2,36, 144 3, 12m, 21 em, 27 cm 4a, 63 b. 0.25 Sa. J; Prop, of Proportions (1) b. ££ Prop. of Proportions (3) €. The proportion is equivalent to 435 = 15" by Prop. of Proportions (1). Then by Prop. of Proportions (3), 4—E+8 = *=747, which simplifies xy, tof =,Lesson Check 1. 23:42 2.5% 9¢ 3:12 da. b.252= Bab 2-8 5, Aratioisa single comparison, while a proportion isa statement that two ratios are equal. 6. Answers may vary. Sample: 3 in, 6 in, 7in,; oF 6 in., 12in., 14. 7. The second line should equate the product of the means and the product of the extremes: 7x = 12. Then te tid ne would be 2-82-68 2_ 8 8 5 = 128 = he Biorg=3 Exercises 9, or 14:5 14. for 10:17 13. on 110, lost 44 15. 24 cm, 28 cm, 36cm 17.4 19, = 21. 32 23. 7 25.6 27. $ Prop. of Proportions (1) 29. 3; Prop. of Proportions (2) 31. 4: Prop. of Proportions () 33,1 35, 4 37. length: 15 inj width: 10 in 39a. 12in. B. 15in. 44.1.5 43.0.2 45. 447. The product of the means is 26 + 16 = 416, and the product of the extremes is 10 - 42 = 420, Since 416 # 420, itis not a valid proportion. 49. 2, divide each side by 4n, 51.2: Prop. of Proportions (3) 83. 5; Prop. of Proportions (2), then (3), then (2) 66. Use the coordinates AQ, 0), Bla, 0), la, a, and 010, a) for square ABCD. The slope of diagonal AC is $ = 1 and the slope of diagonal BD is 2, = —1. The slopes are negative reciprocal, so AC 1 BD. 67. andl 68. andi 69. 24 = 2H, 28 = L, 2C= 4), AB=H, BC =U, AC= Algebra Review p. 439 4.-7,2.3,-3, 5, 24° 55 ¥3 3.37, 163 7. -4,5 90,4 11. M55; 0.40, -2.07 Lesson 7-2 pp. 440-447 Got It? 1a, 202 2H, Es Ls, LF = CK, LG = LL bi Of =f =P aa, not similar , ABCOE SAVUT ot ABCDE ~ UVRST; 2:1 3. 12 4, 28.8n, high by 48 in, wide Sa. Using 0.8 cm as the height of the towers, then zis = 98 and h = 160 m. b. No; using @ scale of 1 in. = 50‘8" the paper must be more than 12 in. ong Lesson Check 4. ZH 2.7 3. yes; DEGH ~ PLOR:3:2 4,.6 5. Answers may vary. Sample: The scale indicates how many units of length ofthe actual object are represented by each unit of lenath inthe drawing 6. Ais ncorect. Sample explanation: In the diagram, ZT corresp. to ZP (or to ZU), but inthe similarity statement TRUV ~ NPQV, ZT corresp. to ZN. 7. Every figure is ~ to tse, so similarity i reflexive. I figure 1 ~ figure 2 and figure 2 ~ figure 3, then figure 1 ~ figure 3, so similarity is transive. I figure 1 ~ figure 2, then figure 2 ~ figure Gree 1, s0 the similarity is symmetric. 8. any three of the following: ABS ~ APRS, AASB ~ APSR, DSAB~ ASPR, ASBA ~ ASRP, ABAS ~ ARPS, ABSA ~ ARSP Exercises 9 AR.& 4D) 43m 26, sornething is “elevated” you look up to seeit, so an 2 of Fy ey elevation is formed by a horizontal line and the line of Bee One ove oe Sight. 13. Answers may vary. Sample: The magnitude of a 7 99. line segment is the length of the segment. 14, Answers peseon ae, Pp. 499-505 may vary. Sample: The prefix tr- means 3; triangles are otter 3. 5v5 20 5V2 b. “2 = 1, so mutipying Yi associated with trigonometric ratios. Lesson 8-1 PRANAB 4 1 5 15 5mm Got Ht? 41a, 26 b. Yes; 10, 24, nd 26 are whole Lesson Check 1. 7V2 2.3 3. 4V2 4, 6V3 5. Rika numbers that satisty a2 + b2 = <2, 2.6V3 3, 15.5in. 5 should be opposite the 30° z and 53 should be 4a. No; 162 + 48? # 502, bb. No; a + 6° for any values of a and b. 5. acute by YZ is the same as multiplying by 1. 3. 141 ft Bra opposite the 60° 2, 6. Answers may vary. Sample: The A is isosc. The length of each leg is the same. Use the Lesson Check 1. 37 2. V130 3.4 4, 4V3 5. The Pythagorean Thm. to find the hypotenuse; 6, 6V2. three numbers a, 6, and ¢ must be whole numbers that Exercises 7. x = 8, y= 8V2 9. 60V2 11. 5V2 satisfy a? + b? = c?, 6 The longest side is 34, so the 13, 14.1.cn 15. x= 20, y = 20V3 17.x= 5, student should have tested 162 4 30? 2 342 y=5V3 19. x=4,y=2 21, 50ft 232-7, Exercises 7. 10 9.34 11.97 13. no; 42 + 5? + 6? b=14,c=7,d = 7V3 25.4 = 10V3, b = 5V3, 15. yes, 152 + 20? = 25% 17, V33 19. V105 c= 15,d=5 27.a=3,b=7 29.1445 21. 5V3 23. 17 m 25. no; 82 + 24? # 25? 27, acute 29, acute 34. right 33.4.2in. 35a. [x ~ x] ly — yn] be PQ? = xy - HP + 2 - HP ©. PQ = Ving — nF + Go ~ yi? BT BVS 39.29 Selected Answers _ 31. Answers may vary. Sample: A ramp up to a door is 12 ft long. The ramp forms a 30° 2 with the ground. How high off the ground is the door? 6 ft 38. VTT in: 39. 4V2T cm 40.1? 4 1. 34 42.1 43.Lesson 8-3 pp. 507-513 Got 1? 1.18 8; 8 20.138 B19 38 daa 3a. 68 b. No: you can use any ofthe three trigonometric ratios 25 long 35 you identify the appropriate leg that is opp. oF ad) to each acute 2. Lesson check 1. (5015 2. yard 3. Borg 4. S08 8. Bork 6. Sor} 7.121 8.575 9. The word i made up of the first letters of each ratio: Se QC = fondT = 2 10.Noisnx= %% sn A= Band AXV2 ~ AABC by AA ~ 50° ~ BF because corresp. sides of ~ A are proportional. Therefore, sin X = sin A Exercises 11. Je; 38; 13. 2:4: v3 15.83 17,17.0 19, 21.4 21. 1085 ft 23. 58 25.59 27. 66 29. about 17 ft in 7 Sdaceni_ _ opposite 34. cos X= tan X = Hysotenuse ° adjacent opposite _ i, inypoteruse ~ Sin X 33, w= 3,x~ 41 35. w= 683, x~ 1516 37a. They are equal, yes sine and cosine of compl. & ate =. b. 2B; ZA €, Sample: The cosine isthe complement’ sine. 39a, Using the ratio of sides 1 :-V3:2 for a 30°-60°-90" A, tan 60° = 8 = v3. bb, Answers may vary. Sample: sin 60° = V3 - cos 60° Bord a3. or? 45,12 ord 41. Bor} a3. Bor} 45. ord 47a. No; answers may vary. Sample tan 4s" + tan 30° = 1 + Sm 16, but tan 75* = 37 b. No; assume tan A — tan B = tan (A ~ B); tan A = tan B + tan (A — 8) by the Add. Prop. of =jlet A= B+ C, then tan® +O tan B + tan C by the Subst. Prop.; part (a) proved this false; this contradicts the assumption, so tanA —tanB # tan(A — 8). 57.4, 4V3 58. 52 units 59. 27 60. 211 61. 26 62.90 Lesson 8-4 pp. 516-521 Got It? 4a. / of elevation from the person in the hot- air balloon to bird b. Z of depression from the person in ‘the hot-air balloon to base of mountain 2. about 631 ft 3. about 6.2 km Lesson Check 1. 2 of elevation from C10A 2. 2 of depression from A to C 3. 2 of elevation fram Ato D 4. Z of elevation from A to BS. 2 of depression from B TOA 6. £1 = 22 (alt. int. A); 24 = 25 (alt. int. 4) 7. Answers may vary. Sample: An 2. of elevation is formed by two rays with a common endpoint when one ray is horizontal and the other ray is above the horizontal ray. 8. Answers may vary. Sample: The 2. labeled in the sketch is the complement of the 2 of depression, Exercises 9. 2 of elevation from sub to boat 11. J of elevation from boat to tree 13. 2 of elevation from Max to top of waterfall 15. of depression from top of waterfall 10 Max 17. 34.2 ft 19, 986m 24. 0.6 km 23, 64° 25. 72, 72 27. 27, 27 29a, length of any guy ‘wire = distance on the ground from the tower to the ‘uy wie div, by the cosine of the 2 formed by the guy wire and the ground Bb. height of attachment = distance (on the ground from the tower to the guy wire times the tangent of the £ formed by the guy wire and the ground 31. about 2.8 33. 3300 m 39. 85.2 m 40. 38.2 ft 41.45 42. 2V17 = 8.2 43. V229 = 15.1 44, 2V37 ~ 122 Lesson 8-5 pp. 524-532 Got It? 1. (-307.3, ~54.2) 2a. 60° south of west bb. Yes; it can also be described as 30° west of south. Ba. about 257.5 mi at 17.2° north of east b. No; distance is always nonnegative. 4. (2, 1) 5. about 13.2° north of west| Lesson Check ee 3. about 6.1 4. about 5.7 5. (10, 5) 6. (8, 6) 7, Answers may vary. Sample: Both have an endpoint, ‘Array extends indefinitely in a direction, while a vector has a terminal point and a magnitude. 8. Yes; explanations may vary. Sample: if vector has the direction 35° south of east, and you relate that vector to due south, you can see that the vector is 55° east of south, 9. The magnitude of each vector is VTA9, Exercises 11. (-29.3, 41.8) 13. 15° south of west (or 75° west of south) 15. 40° east of south (or 50° south of east) 7. " 19. 6 wy,21. " 23. about 707 mi at 65° south of west 25. about 4805 km at 12° north of west 27. (—1, 3) © 29. (-2,3) 33. (1, -1) 35. (-2, -9) ae x A oO DET} 45a. (5,5), (5,5) B. (10, 4), (10, 4) ¢, Commutative Prop. and Associative Prop, d. Answers may vary. Sample: (a,b) + (c,d) = (a +c, b +d) and (ed) + (a,b) = a +c.b +d); (@d) + (x + 1, y) followed by (x, y) > (x, y — 3). Exercises 7. Yos; the transformation is aside, 9. No; the figures are not =. 11a, Answers may vary. Sample 2R—> CR! b, RP and FP; PT and PPT"; RT and 7" 1B. 15. pp. 553-558 3. Yes; the intersection of FO and t will be the same point P. 3) 2. (4, 2) 4. The line of reflection is the bis, of any seg. whose endpts. are corresp. pts. of ‘the preimage and image, 5. AA’ should be 1 tor. ar MR a on V7. P(x 41, y~ 1) 19. 1 Block west and 7 blocks north 24. (ey) —> (x ~ 3, y + 1) 23. The vertices of P'L'A'T’ are P‘(0, -3), L'(1, -2), A“(2, -2), and "1, ~3). Slope of PP” = siope of I’ = slope of BE = slope of TT" = 3, so FP" || || AX ITT 25.0 29. atleast 5 ft east and 10 fenorth 31. y) +0 + 4, Y= Di Gd —>Oe# 2 Y= Vide Noes, y-4) BB. (x, y) > (x + 13, y ~ 2.5) 40. about 431.7 km at about 76.6° south of east 41. BC = EF and BC || EF (Giver), 50 28CA = ZF (Corresp. & of I ines are AD = DC = G (Given), so AC = AD + DC = DC + CF = DF (Segment Addition Post, Trans. Prop. of Equality). So ABCA = AEFD by SAS, and AB = DE (Corresp. parts of = & are =). 2. y= -2 43, x= 4a y=—x+1 930 6. (x yi Y) Exercises 7. (~1, ~2) 9. (~3,2) 11. (~5, -3) 13. J", -4), AG, 5), 15. J'(1, 0),A', 1), R'Q2, 3) R'2, -1) 7 Fr | Ya Ea [itor 19. Reflect W/ over the canal to W'. Draw DW’. The where DW’ intersects the canal Be2b 23a. -1 b. 80, 2); C(-3, 3) i. The coordinates of P" willbe (a); the x- and yecoordinates will switch 25. Reflect P across SR to P”. Because the poo! table is a rectangle, PS 1 SR, and thus P' is collinear with S and P, The ball should bounce off the point T that is the intersection of BP” and SR. Let A be the point on 3P that the ball rolls to after it bounces off SR. To see why A is the same point as P, look at AAST and AP'ST. Q P Since the ball bounces off 5R so that £1 = £2 and 21 6 23 (vertical 4), 22 = 23 by the Tans. Prop Of =. Right 4 AST and PIST are = and 75 = TS, so ATS = AP'TS by ASA. Then AS = P'S because corresp parts of = & are =, But P'S = PS by the definition of reflection across a ine, so/A and P must be the same point 27. 29. 31. Answers may vary. Sample: scissors, baseball glove, golf clubs 33. (4, 0) 35. (—4, 6) 37. (0, ~4) 39. (0, 2a) 41. No; each point moves a distance equal to twice the ppoint’s distance from the line of reflection, 43a. (3, 1) b. (-1, ~3) & (-3, -1) di (1,3) e. They are the same point. 55. (x, y)> + 4, y — 2) 56. (x, r(x + 5.y + 1) 57.2775 km Lesson 9-3 pp. 559-565 Got 1? 1.0 2.4 3a, 240° b. 310° 4.2, -3) 2.8 3. 5E 4.Q 5. Draw AO and WO land then measure ZAQA’. 6. fis 2 115° clockwise rotation of R. All points of APQR must be rotated counterclockwise 7. Allke: Both transformations are isometries. Different: Rotations preserve orientation, but reflections reverse orientation. 8. (=x, -y) 3B.932 29. Y=¥ 34. 180° rotation 33. 110° 35. 168.75" 37. Any two rotations of 2° and b° if a > 0,6 > 0, and ZZ a+ b= 360 39, 280" 41. The image of ED is BA, not AB, 43. M 45. C 47.4 49. K 51. J Exercises 7. line; rotational: 180°; point 9. rotational: 90°; point 11. rotational: 180°; point 13. no symmetry 15. rotational: 60°; point 17. rotational: 180°; point 19.2 25a. Alphabet Symmetry ‘ype of Symmetey Worizontal | Vertical Language | “Line English [BC DE, WK OX 38. ( PEE 59. ACEC at lat Fa, i zi il Cog I t 61. 32.2 m 62.866 ft 63.G 64. 65. AH 66. Lesson 9-4 pp. 568-573 Got It? ta. two b. Not necessarily; the median would have to be perpendicular to a side of the A, so the A would have to be isosc. or equilateral. 2a. yes, 180° Bb Yes; a figure with 180° rotational symmetry also has point symmetry, 3. both Lesson Check 1. yes 2. yes, 60° 3. reflectional symmetry 4 4 inaplane, rotational symmetry about aline 4. Yes; point symmetry means itis its own image for 2 180° rotation, and that satisfies the def. of rotational symmetry. 5. Your fiend counted the arrowheads instead of the lines; there ae 5 lines of . Answers may vary. Sample: CODE, HOOD symmetry. [eck [BERS i Lz 2e, be, Gree; explanations may vary. Sample: the Greek alphabet has more letters with atleast one kind of symmetry and more letters wth multiple snes. 27. The other ‘wo vertices ae (~1, 5) and @, 3), The slopes of two apposite sides are —2 and the slopes ofthe other two opposite sides are § so the qualateral has two pars of opposite sides paral. 29. Line; the sketch should show 1 ‘erica ine of symmetry; otatonal 90°; pont, 31. Not necesstly the two other 4 ofthe A would need to be = 33. none 35. line 37. both 39, rflectional symmetry in a plane 41. (3,4) 43. (4,3) 56.H, 180°), 180, 180"; O, any rotation; , 180"; X, 186% 2, 180° 57. (2, ~2)or(7, 1) 58. 3 in. by 4in, 58. 2in. by 2} in 60. 1} in. by 2} in Lesson 9-5 pp. 575-581 Got Ie? 4. reduction; } 2a. (1,0), (15,3), G0, —1) ba, Answers may vary. Sample: Use the Distance Formula to find the lengths of the sides of AP'2’6" and APZG. Then show that the cortesp. sides are proportional, so the A are ~ by SSS ~ Thm. 3.5.1 cm Lesson Check 1. enlargement; 15 2. 0'(2,~10) 3. T'(0, 2) 4. M'(0, 0) S. a number between 0 and 1Ga. The student used 6, instead of 2 + 6 = 8, as the preimage lenath nthe denominator, the correct scale 1 factor isn bb. The student did not write the scale factor with the image length nthe numerator: the correct scale factor is n Exercises 7. enlargement; } 9. enlargement; 3 11. reduction; | 13. reduction; | 15. enlargement; 3 17. P'(—-SO, 10}, Q(—30, 30), R'(10, —30) FI 1.1.20m a4.02 0c, y + 2) 1 and line of reflection x 33. C 37. 45 39, 60 a translation 4 units up 44. glide cflecton; ts, )) 06 + Mh yhy = 0 43, reflection; y = 0 48. reflection; x = ~} 47. glide telecon; & yhote,y + 4), x= 4 8, rotation; center (0, 2), 2 of rotation 180° 51. (3, 8) 53. (-3, 1) 64. A'(0, 12), B40, 0), C'(—9, -3) 65. A'6, 3), B'(3, 12), C'(12, 0) 66. A'(4, 6), B(-8, —4), C"(10, ~6) 67. A'(3.5, 4), B'(2.5, 2), C%4.5, 3) 68. | andi 69. | and 70. pentagon 71. ociagon 72. dodecagon 73,60 74, 90 75. 120 76. 135 77. 144 78, 1542 Lesson 9-7 pp. 595-601 Got It? 1a. one lizard; rotation b. two touching white and blue birds; translation 2. Yes; the measure of each angle of a regular hexagon is 120. Since 3 + 120 = 360, three copies of a regular hexagon fit together at one vertex without gaps or overlaps. a. reflectional, rotational, translational, glide refiectional 1b, Answers may vary. Sample: Lesson Check 1. Answers may vary. Sample: a hexagon formed by a square and two 4; translation 2. No; the measure of each 2 of a regular 15-gon is 156, and 156 is not 2 factor of 360. 3. reflectional, rotational, translational, glide reflectional 4 No; answers may vary. Sample: The tessellation shown in Problem 3 on p. 597 isa counterexample. It has translational symmetry, but not glide reflectional symmetry. 5. Overlap; the measure of each 2 of a regular octagon is 135, and 3 + 135 = 405, which is more than 360. 6. While regular polygons with 3, 4, and 6 sides will tessellate (the 2 measures 60, 90, and 120 are factors of 360), a regular polygon with 5 sides has 4 that measure 108, and 108 is not a factor of 360. 7. Answers may vary. Sample: LET >> Exercises 9-11, Answers may vary. Samples are given 9.no 11. yes: a square composed of two white rectangles, one small black square, and one large black square; translation 13. Yes; the measute of each 2 is 90, and 90 isa fector of 360, 15. No; the measure of each 2 is 128%, and 1264 is nota factor of 360. 17. No: the measure of each 2 is 140, and 140 is not a factor of 360. 19, reflection, rotational, translational, and glide teflectional 21. translational, rotational 23. 1 25.¢ J ra 27, Answers may vary, Sample: 29. A regular polygon with more than 6 sides must have £ measures greater than 120, and at least 3 polygons must meet at each vertex. The sum of 3 or more 4 with measures {greater than 120 is > 360. So the 3 regular polygons that tessellate are 3, 4-, and 6-sided, since their 2 measures are factors of 360. 31. no 33. Always; every A tessellates. 35. Sometimes; while many hexagons tessellate (such as regular hexagons and hexagons with line symmetry), there are some hexagons (such as one with 2 measures 104, 116, 119, 122, 128, and 131) that do not tessellate. 37. yes 39. rellectional, rotational, Co translational, glde reflectonal | 58. 4(-3,3, (4,2), 1-4, 59. 10in Que zone). Lesson Check 1.3 2. § 3.4 4.3 5, about 0.09, or 9% 6. 2: explanations may vary. sample: since 82 = }, you can let SQ = x and QT = 2x, where xis not 0. Then ST = 3x and the ratio 2 = B= @. 7. The numerator should be (area of square — area of semicircles); the favorable region i the shaded region and its area isthe area left when the areas of the semicircles are subtracted from the ara ofthe suse Exercises 9. %, 11.2 13.2 45.2, 07 40% 17.2, or about 22% 19.5, or about 5% 21. &, or about 256 23. #4 or about 49% 25. 3, or 30% 27. 3, or 15% 29. $5 or about 47% 31. 4; mB = 90, so the length of AB = BB. er = 4 2ar, The ratio ofthe lenath of AB to the circumference is}. 38.2 38. 45 37. dp 39. Zor about 16% 41. 365 43a, about 8.7% be about 19.6% 51, 100n ft? 52. 125 cm? 53. rotational, reflecional 54. reflectional 55. reflectional 56. 60. A E 62, Sample: pete Al poetic ral weeChapter Review pp. 676-680 6.64 14=19+1 daacrle . an isose, trapezoid 1. base 2. sector 3. radius 4. adjacent arcs 5. 10m? 6.90 in2 7. 304? 8, 160? 9. 30? | 10. 96V3 mm? 11. 96 ft? 912. 117 cm? 13. 256 f2 14. 54m? 15, 9V3 in? 16, 28m? 17. 24003 om? 18, 112.5 m? BA 19. 20. Lesson check 20.8 in? 1.5 faces: AABC, AACD, AADE, AAEB, quadrilateral 21. BCDE; 8 edges: AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, CD, DE, EB: 5 vertices: A, B,C D, E 2. Sample / eee \ fe E+1= 1241; 7 548-1241 127.3 em? a 22, 4:9 23.9:4 28,1:4 25,4:1 26.2V2:5 27. 73.5 ft? 28, 232.5 cm? 29. 124.7 in.? 30. 8 m2 Vv 31331412 32,2468 33. 1008.n? 34, 70.4m? Bo rectngle 4, 24 ges: Thee ae 8 edges on each of 3 . Ein 1 two actagonal bases, and there ae 8 edges that 40. x mm 41. “im 42. dx m 43, 1442 in. a polyhedron because its faces are not polygons. SE §2 AS, 41.0 cm? 46. 18.3 m2 47, 36.2 cm? Exercises oF 50% 49. 3, or 37.5% 50. }, or about 16.7% 7. 8 vertices: A, B, CD, E, F, G, H; 12 edges: AB, BC, or 50% Bad DA, EF, FG, GH, HE, AE, BF, CG, DH: 6 faces alee quadrilaterals ABCD, EFGH, ABFE, BCGF, DCGH, ADHE 9.8 14.12 13.5 Chapter 11 Westen9F2 17747-1242; swers may vary. answers may va Get Ready’ p. 685 Some Sample 1.17 2.8V2 3.6 4.45 \ \ 5.6-V2 6. 4V3 7. 44 units? 8. 14V3 units? 9. 234 units? 10, 54-V3 units? 11. 24 12. 2V2:5, ] 413. the segment from one base fo a parallel base ora yf vertex to the base 14, the sum of the areas of each side | V (face) ofa figure 45. An Egyptian pyramid has 4 sides ‘that are triangles and a bottom (base) that is @ square. ] Lesson 11-1 Pp. 688-695 sei iast Got It? ta. 6 vertices: R 5,7. U,V W:9 edges: SR, ST, 18. triangle UR, WV, UF, RV, SW, VW, TW; 5 faces: AURV, ASTW, == 23+ KN 45.7.1 in2 46, 13cm Lesson 11-6 pp. 733-740 Got It? 1. 1967 in.?; 616 in? 2, 100 in? 3a. 113,097 in? Bb The volumes (3)? = of the original volume. Using V = $: -nr3, replacing rwith § ives V= $a(6)? = d(Gar), a, 125892 Lesson Check 1. 144 ft? 2, 904.8 ft? 3. 193 cn? 4. 1:4 5, The surface area will quadruple, but the volume willbe 8 times the original volume. V = $x(27)? = 8($ar3) Exercises 7. 4001 in? 9, 40,000x yo? 11, 441 cm? 43.62 em? 45, 20 cm? 17. 22x; S2af0 19, 23 in}; 1767 in? 24. 2308x yd? 7238 yo? 23, 451 in? 25. 130.cm? 27. Answers may vary. Sample Sphere with ¢ = 3 in, onder with r = 3in, and h = 4 in 29, 0.9 in, 31.1.7 lb 33. An infinite number of planes pass through the center ofa sphere, so there are an infinite number of great cles. 35. 36xin. 37. 2x mm? 39. 2882 cm? 41. 122_ mi? 43a. about 8.9 in? Bb. The answer is ess than the actual surface area since the dimples on the go ball add to the surface area 45a. on b. inside €. outside 47. 38,792.4 ft? 49. 22m cm?; $8 cm? 81. 22m cm?; x cm? 53. Answers may vary. Sample: You could lft the small ball because it weighs about 75 lb. The big bal would be ‘much harder to lift since it weighs about 253 Ib. 65. 16 m> 66. 19 in? 67, 19,396 mm? 68. 35; 55 69. 109,71, 109, 7170. yes; 3:1 74. yes: 3: V2 or 3V2:2 pp. 742-749 Got It? 1. yes; 6:5 0r§ 2a, 2:3 b. No; the bases are similar but the heights may not be in the same ratio a the ‘edges of the bases. 3. 160 m? 4, 4.05 Ib Lesson Check Cone 1 and Cone 3 are similar; 2:3 12. about 155 in.? 3. Answers may vary. Sample: There dre many eationshis that must be tue for the sls tobe similar: al coresponding angles must be =; the Corresponding faces must be similiar and al corresponding edges end Heights proportional, Your dassmate found Lesson 11-7 ee eo)the scale factor ofthe smaler cube to The sale factor should be 8:7, Exercises 5. n0 7. yes, 2:3 9.yes; 2:3 11.56 13. 3:4 15, 240 in? 17. 24 ft? 19. 112 m? 21. 6000 toothpicks 23a. Is 64 times the volume of the smaller prism. B. tis 64 times the weight of the smaller prism. 25. No; explanations may vary. Sample: Ifthe scale factris 2, then the weight of the smaller clock should be 725s the weight of the exiting clock 27, about 1000 cm? 29. No; the same increase to all the dimensions does not result in proportional ratios unless the orginal pism isa cube, 34a.3:1B. 9:1 33. 864 in.? 35.9: 25; 27: 125 37.5:8; 25:64 47. about 1790 cm? and 1937 cm? 48, 113.1 in? 49. 8.2 m? 50. 904.8 in.? 51a. 8V/3 mm, or about 13.9 mm b, 4V21 mm, or about 18.3 mm ¢. 8V7 mm, or about 21.2 mm 52.20 53,15 54, 15 re larger cube. Chapter Review pp. 751-754 4. sphere 2. pyramid 3. cross section 4-8. Answers may vay. Samples ae given ‘ DA 6.8 7.88.5 9.acice 11.36 cm? 12. 662 m? 13. 208 in.2 14, 36m cm? 15. 325mm? 16. 185.6 ft? 17. 576 m? 18. 50.3 in? 19. 391.6 in? 20.8 = SAS 24. 84m? 22,245 10 23. 410.5 yd? 24. 13.9m? 25. S.A. = 314.2 in2; V = 523.6 in.3 26. S.A = 153.9 cm; 179.6 cm? 27.5.4 = 50.3 ft? 33.5 ft? 28. S.A. = 8.0 ft; V= 21 ft? 29, 904.78 cm? 30, 314 m? 31. 86 in? 32. Answers may vary. Sample: 33, 27:64 34, 64:27 35, 324 pencils Chapter 12 Get Ready! p. 759 4.02 2.63 3.15 4.25 5. 6V7 6.5 7.6 8.18 9.24 10. 45 11.60 12. 4V2 13.13 14. VO 15. 6 16. Answers may vary. Sample: A tangent touches a cil at one point. 17. Answers may vary. Sample: An inscribed 2 has its vertex on a ctcle and its sides are. inside the circle. 18. Answers may vary. Sample: An intercepted arc is the part ofa circle that lies in the interior ofan 2 Lesson 12-1 pp. 762-769 Got Ht? ta, 52 b, x= 180 ~ ¢ 2. about 127 mi 3. 54 4.10; a2 + 72 = 65 #82 5, 12cm Lesson Check 1. 32 2. 6 units 3. V63 = 7.9 units 4. Answers may vary. Sample: Tangent ratio refers to a ratio of the lengths of two sides of art. while tangent to a circle refers to a line or part ofa line that isin the plane of a circle and touches the cice in exactly one point. 5. If DF is tangent to OE, then DF 1 ZF. That ‘would mean that ADEF contains two rt. 4, which is impossible. So DF is not a tangent to OF. Exercises 7. 47 9. 253.0km 11. 178.9 km 13. 3.6 cm 15. no; 5? + 15? # 16? 17. yes; @ + 8 = 102 19, 142in, 24. all ate = the two tangents to each coin from A are =, so by the Transitive Prop. of s, all the tangents are =. 23. 1. BA and BC are tangent to 0 at A and C. (Given) 2. 2B 1 OA and BC 1 OC (aline istan. toa ©, itis 4 to the radius.) 3. BAO and ABCO arerrt. &. (Def. of t. A) 4. AO = OC (Radi of a circle are =.) 5, BO = BO (Refl, Prop. of =) 6. BAO = ABCO (HL) 7, BA = BC (Corresp. parts of = & ate =.) 25. 1. OA and OB with common tangents DF and TE (Given) 2, GD = GC and GE = GF (Two tan. oo _, segments from apt. toa @ are =)3, 2 = 1, = 4 GE (Ow Pop. of =)4. $2 = SF crans Pop of LDGC & ZEGF Wer. se #6. AGDC~ AGFE SAS ~ Thm) 27.575 TEE] 36.3:40r8 37.9: 16 0rd t 38,27:640r2 39.2911 t TS] a0, 28.1 41, 68.2 42. 12 y 43.5 44.28 units Lesson 12-2 pp. 771-779 Got It? 1. Since the circles are =, their radi are = and BOC and DPF are isosceles. So OB = OC = PD = DF. Since ZB = 2D and the & are isosceles, 28 = C= 2D & LF.So ABOC = ADPF by AAS. So 20 = ZP,Therefore, BC = BF (either by corresp. parts of = A are f by within = circles, = central 4 have = chords) and BC = DF (within = circles, = central 4 have = arcs) 2. 16; = chords are equidistant from the center 4. BA is the hypotenuse of rt. ABAC, so the Pythagorean ‘Theorem can be used Lesson Check 1.50; COD = 2A0B (Vert. 4 are = 50 CD = AB because = central A have = ars. Therefore, mC = mAB. 2. because in a cicle = chords have = arcs. 3. The distances are equal because in a circle hords are equidistant from the center. 4, A radius is not a chord because one of is endpoints isnot on the Cirle, A ciameter isa chord because both of its endpoints are on the circle. 5. Chords SR and GP are equidistant from the center, so their lengths must be equal. Exercises 7. Answers may vary. Sample a ‘WM, ET = GH = IN = ML; CTE HFG; IKN = ZMKL 9, 8 11. The center is at the intersection of GH and KM, because if a chord is the 1 bis, of another chord, then the first chord is a diameter, two diameters intersect atthe center of acircle, 13. 6 £C00, it follows mZCOD. Now mZAOB = mAB and (Definition of arc measure). So mCD (Substitution). Therefore, AB (Definition of = arcs) 24. 00 with 48 AO = 60 DO (All radi of @ © are QAOB = ACOD (SSS); ZAOB = ZCOD (Corresp. parts of = & are =); AB ‘D (= central 4 have = arcs.). 23, 5 in. 25. 10 27. 9.2 units 29. The length of a chord or an arc is determined not only by the measure of the central 4, but also by the radius of the ©. 31. 90 33, XW = XY (all radi of a circle are =); X's on the bis, of WY (Converse of 1 Bis. Thm); ¢ is the 1. bis. of WY (Given); X is on € (Subst. Prop.), so € contains the center of OX, 44, 40 45, 5.5 46._7.6in, and 18.4 in 47-49. Answers may vaty. Samples are given, 47, STO 48, ST 49, STR 50. 86 51. 180 52. 121 Lesson 12-3 Ppp. 780-787 Got It? 1a. 90 b. mZA = 95, ZB = 77, mzC = 85, and mZD = 103 €. The sum of the measures of opposite 4 is 180, 2. m21 = 90, mz2 = 110, mz3 = 90, mZ4 = 70 3a.x= 35, y = 55 be An inscribed 2, and an 2 formed by a tangent and chord, are both equal to half the measure of the intercepted arc. Since the & intercept the same arc, their measures are = and they are =. Lesson Check 1. 8D 2. 2D 3. 24 and £C are suppl, and 28 and 2D are suppl. 4. Sample answer: For o (Given); Ee inscribed ZABC, B is the vertex and A, 8, and Care points (on the circle. The intercepted arc of ZABC consists of points 4, C, and all the points on the circle in the interior of ZABC. 5. ZA is not inscribed in a semicircle. Exercises 7. 120 9. 2 = 54,6 = 30,c= 96 Tea = 101, b = 67, c = 84, d = 80 13.2 = 85, b= 475, c= 90 15. p = 90, q= 122 17. x= 65, y = 130 19. Rectangle; opposite 4 are = (because figure is 3) and suppl. (because opp. A intercept arcs whose measures sum to 360). = suppl. & are rt, 4, 50 the inscribed C7 must be a rectangle. 21a. 40 b. 50 40 d, 40 @,65 23,2 26,0 ~ 64,¢= 42 25. 2 = 30, b= 60, c= 62,d~ 124, c= 60 27. 0S with inscribed ZAQR (Given), mz POT = }miBT Anscibed 2 Thm, Case); mROT = $m” (scribed 4 Thm,, Case l); mPR = mPT — mRT (Arc Add. Post.); MZPQR = mLPOT — MLRQT (z. Add. Post.); MLPOR jmPT - LmRT (Subst. Prop.); mZPOR = $mPR (Subst. Prop.) 29. No; since opposite 4 of a quadrilateral inscribed ina circle must be supplementary, the only rhombus ti meets the criteria is a square. 31. OO, 2A intercepis BC, and 2D intercepts BC (Given); m2A = }mBC and m2D = }mBC (Inscribed 4 Thm), mZA = mZD (Subst. Prop.) 2A = 2D (Def. of = A). 33. Quadtiteral ABCD inscribed in ©0 (Given); mZA = bmBCD™ and mZc }mBAD (Inscribed 2 Th}; mZA + mzC = 5mBCD + JmiBAD (Add. Prop); mBCD + mBAD. = 360 (Arc measure of cicleis 360); BD” + $riBAD = 180 (Mult. Prop.) m2A + mZC = 180 (Subst. Prop); 2A and ‘ZC are suppl. (Def. of suppl); mz8 = 4mADC and mZLD = }mABT (Inscribed Z Thm); mZB + mZD JmADT + $mABC (Add. Prop.), MADT + mABT = 360 (Arc measure of circle is 360); $mi4DC + mABC = 180 (Mult. Prop.) mZ2B + mzD = 180 ubst. Prop.); 28 and 2D are suppl. Def. of suppl 4A), 44, 17.3 45.346 46,175 47. 5:2 013 48,57 49.285 50.2 51.4 Lesson 12-4 pp. 790-797 Got It? 1a, 250 b. 40 «. 40 2a, 160 b, The probe's closer; as an observer moves away from Earth, the viewing angle decreases and the measure ofthe arc of Earth that is viewed gets larger and approaches 180. 3a, 138 b. 3.2 Lesson Check 1.5.4 2. 65 3. 11.2 4, 100, 260 5. A secant saline that intersects a circle at two points; 2 tangent saline that intersects a circle at one point. 6. No; we can find the sum of the measures of the two arcs (in this situation, that sum 's 230), but there is not enough information to find the measure of each arc7. The student forgot to multiply by the length of the entire secant seg.; the equation should be (13.5)6) = 22 Exercises 9. 50 11. 60 13. x =72,y = 36 15. 15 17.132 19. x = 258, y= 12.4 21. 360 — x 23. 180 — y 25. 16.7 27. 95, 104, 86, 75 29. c= b= 4 34. A1isacentral Z, 50 mZ1 =x; 22 isan inscribed 2, so mz2 = 1x; 23 is formed by the secants, so mZ3=}(x-y). 33.x=89,y = 2 35. 1. © O with secants CA and CE (Given) 2. Draw BE (2 pts. determine a line.) 3. m2.BEC = }niBD and MZABE = }niAE (The measure of an inscribed 2. i half the measure ofits intercepted arc.) 4, mz BEC + mz BCE = MLABE (Ext. £ Thm.) 5. $riBD + mZBCE = $niAE (Subst. Prop. of =) 6. mZBCE = }mAE — IniBD’ (Subst. Prop. of =)7. mBCE = KmAE* ~ niBD) (Dist. Prop.) 8 LBCE = LACE (Rell. Prop. of =) 9. mZACE = AE — miBB) Subst. Prop. of =) a7. Ce v Given: A © with secant segments XV and 27 Prove: XV + WV = 2+ YV. Proof: Draw XY and ZW (2 pts. determine a line) ZXVY = ZZVW (Refl, Prop. of =); ZVXY = ZW2V (2 inscribed 4 that intercept the same arc are AXVY ~ AZVW (AA~); 34 = spy (ln similar figures, corresp. sides are proportional; XV WY = ZV YV (Prop. of Proportion) 39a. AACD b. tana = B= = 0c, Selected], Answers length of tangent seg, ¢. secant A = 4 =A0, cnt length of secant seg. 48. a = 50, b = 55, c= 105 49, a = 55,b = 35,c = 30 50. 30 51. 42 52.57 53.5.8 54.128 55.58 Lesson 12-5 Got it? ta, fe — 37 +) 5P = 36 bie + OP + Yt IP =2 26-42% + - 3% = 29 Ba, The center ofthe ccle represents the cll tower's positon, The raus represents the cell tower's transmission range b. center (2, 3); radius 10 pp. 798-803 944 Lesson Check 1. x? + y? = 16 2.x - 17 + y+ D2 =5 3. center (8, 0) radius 3 4. center (~2, 4; radius V7 5. its center and its radius; its center and its radius 6. Using the two known points, Use the Distance Formula to find the distance between them; that isthe radius. Then use the center and the radius to writ the standard equation for the circle. 7. Sample explanation: The student should have rewritten the equation as (x ~ 2) + Y ~ (~3)}2 = 16 to realize that the center is 2, -3). Exercises 9.2 + (y ~ 3)? = 49 4 SR++ 1 = 148 13. PF + ly 4 ae =5 Kr aery=9 97. (+a? + y= 2P 6 19. x + 2P + OF = 16 24 (x ~ 72 + ly + 2 = 52 23. (x - 6 + y- 5P = 61 25. center (~7, 5); 27. center (~4, 0; radius 4 radius 5 Gan Att ars 29. position (5, 7); range 9 34. x2 + 2 = 4 33.2 + 37 = 4 35. (x 2F + — 22 = 16 37. (x — 4? + (y - 3% = 25 39. (x — 3 + (y— 3? = 8 41. Yes; itis a circle with center (1, —2) and radius 3. 43. No; the x term is not squared. 45. (x — 42 + (y — 77 = 36 47. (x - bP + yk =P y-k=P y~ k= avi y=iVP (bP +k 9. oy as555. Explanations may vary. Sample: Solve the circle and line equations for y, enter the equations into a graphing calculator, and determine if there is exactly one point of intersection. 63. x = 25, y = 75 64, 38 65. (6, 12) 66. (-5, 2) 67. (4,4) 68. (11, -7) 69. 70. nl f be Lesson 12-6 pp. 804-809 Got It? 1. a pair of || lines, each 1 cm from AB conditions. a. The locus isthe line || to and equicistant from the Given || lines (midway between them), by The locus is a plane || to and equiaistant from the given | planes (midway between thern). Lesson Check ze The locus is a circle with center x and radius 4 cm, rr The locus is @ par of segments, Hv ) each segment 2in. from UV, and two semicircles with radius 2 in and centers U and V. 3. The locusis a pair of | lines, each 3 mm epee from Tid. The locus is two circles concentric 1m, with the original ctcle; the smailer circle has radius 2 in. and the larger circle has radius 4 in Tn 5. Answers may vary. Sample: A locus i a set of points, and a location can be thought of as a description of a single point. 6, The locus in a plane isa line (the 4. bis. Cf JR) and the locus in space is a plane (it contains the midpt. of IK andis 1. toi), ieee Selected Answers Exercises 7. The locus is the 1 bis. of PQ. vfs 9. The locus isthe two lines that bis. the rt. 4 Point is the locus. 117. The locus is an endless cylinder with radius 4 cm and centerline Point {is the locus. The locus is points B and D. 19. The lacus is an endless cyinder with radius 5 mm and centerline PG, and a hemisphere of radius 5 mm centered atP, "capping off” the cylinder. 24. The locus is the set Of all points 2 units from the origin. 25. The locus will be points in the plane that are 1 unit from the x-axis and 2 Units from the origin, 27. y = 2x ~ 4 29a, acircle be 2+? = 4 34-35, Answers may vary. Samples 31. top view 33. side view 35. side view 37. a1.b, The locus is the bis. of the base except for the midpt of the base, «, Sample ° explanation: The vertex of the isosc. A must be equidistant from the endpoints of the base, and all the points (in a plane) that are equidistant from two points lie on the 1. bis. of the segment whose endpoints are the two given points 47, The locus i a circle of radius 11 cm, concentric with the original. 58. (x ~ 6/2 + (y+ 102 = 25 59. (x — 1? + y— 7? = 36 60. (x + 8)2 + (y + 1? = 13 61. 510 in? 62. 175.9 1 63. 4 units? 64. 84 units? 65. 10x units? 45a, Sample Chapter Review pp. 811-814 41. secant of 2. chord 3. tangents to 4 inscribed 2 5. locus 6. 20 units 7. V3 8. 120 9.90 10. 2:1 or? FB isa dameter ot the cicle. 12.45 13, YE ~ 67 80, b = 40, c= 40, d= 100 18. a= 40, b= 140, c™= 90 16.a= 118, b= 49,c= 144, d= 98 17.2 = 90, b = 90, c= 70,d=65 18. 37 19.3 = 95, b = 85 20.65 24.4 22+ y+ 22 =9 23. (x BF ey 2P 2A. (x + 3) + ly + 4? = 25 25. (x = 17 + (y ~ 4? = 9 26. center (7, ~5); radius 6 27. The locus isthe ray that bisects the 2. 28. The locus sa ccl, concentric with the giver circle, with radius 7 cm 29. The locus is two lines, one on each side of the given line and | to it, each ata distance of 8 in. from the given line. 30. The locus consists of a cylinder with radius 6 in. that has AB as its centerne, along with two hemispheres with centers A and B, each with radius 6 in. Skills Handbook 824 1, Answer may vary slightly due to measuring method. Sample: 20 mm; 25 mm 3. fer __10"| 825 1. right, scalene 3. obtuse, isosceles 5. Not possible; art. A will aways have one longest side ‘opposite the rt. 2. % p. 826 1.04 3. 600 5. 1008 7. 15,000 9, 34,000 11.4.3 13, 56 15. 3.9 17. 1,080,000 4 95, 3125 19, 12.6 21. 1443 23, 3122 p.827 4.235 frto 244 ft 3. 339 mi to 340} mL 5. 73.15 mm to 73.25 mm 7. 10.8¢m to 11,2.¢m 9. 208.em p.828 1.18% 3.1% 5.9% 7. = 2% 829.1. 121 3.2601 8, -36 7.10 9.86 Weg t47 1341 17.26 19,35 p.830 1. ~50 3, 15 5.2 7.369. -2 11,243 43, ~20 15. 4 17. 2¢ + 3 19. av —7 24, ~ 4x2 + Bx 23, ~32 + 1 25,1 — 2+ 2 27, Th = 1-29. 2x2 + Tx — 4 31.27? — 3y $3254 7.2 ra past 4.23.25.27.29, 6 1h 43h 15. 247.2, 19.5 21.9 23.2 p.832 1.8 3.22 5. -5 7, -10 9.13 11.10 13, — 16 or 16 15. 20 0r 20 p. 8331. (0, -3) 3.(4,3) 9. yaris 11. xaris 58.58 p.834 1.53.35. 13.35 — 2x =9;13 P.835 1.0.5 3.0.06 5.1.09 7.8.4 9.7.2 11-14. Answers may vary. Samples are given. 11. 7 13.45 p.836 1.5 a7 15,447.43 Bs.4niabad ag