Rustin Player

3/06/2015
Machine, Mind and Consciousness
Expert Systems
Intro
Should something created be allowed to grow, become its own entity and evolve?
There are many examples of this in biology. Does that always happen? Sometimes
and other times they succeed. Some results are still up in the air. Will computers be
a part of this this belief? The author hopes that they will. One of the best chances
for this, may be an expert system.
An expert system is an application of Artificial Intelligence. More specifically it is a
system that uses an inference engine and a vast knowledge base to answer various
questions. The knowledge base typically centers on a specific topic. These topics
range from chemistry to medical diagnosis. As well as forecasting and many others.
The inference engine is one of the trickier things to create and program. There are
many companies that have developed expert systems. All with a similar function
and purpose. The inference engine is the part of the system that works to
understand the questions and text input from users. The main goal to create
something that fully understands the language and words used. As well as to
understand the context and semantics being used in the query.
Overall an expert system should be the most likely to be created into an AI that
qualifies with a relatively good definition of intelligence. The main reasons being:
the system is already being created to understand language, the systems are giant

and increasing in complexity, and there is a demand for it to understand more

complex structures and questions.
The current purpose of an expert system is to be able to provide information in a
similar manner an expert in a particular field would be. Information is taken from an
expert is a field and given to a knowledge engineer. The knowledge engineer then
takes that information and programs it into the systems database. The database or
knowledge base can then be accessed through a user interface. In the case where
an expert system is in the workplace, it is given a problem which is sent to an
explanation subsystem or the inference engine. This parses information and, in the
case of the subsystem, processes and learned from to help with the system as a
whole. This learning can be in the form of new information, a new way to organize
the information or help with the development of rules for queries that are input into
the system. Leading to new algorithms and laws to process text.

Inference Engine and Computer Advancements

The inference engine is the part most likely to become a device to develop
emotions. Due to the amount of programming already centered on the systems
capabilities to understand questions. The inference engine uses many rules and
laws. These laws are developed in multiple ways. One way is text mining. Text
mining, also known as text data mining, is a process of
statistical learning. High-quality information is typically
derived through the devising of patterns and trends
through means such as statistical pattern learning.
Another way is data mining which is similar to text data
mining, in which both use statistical patterning to discover information and patterns
in systems.
Depending on the system newer possibilities can also be implemented. One of them
being fuzzy logic. This is an idea that takes a change from the traditional binary
truth of Boolean logic. This newer idea works on degrees of truth rather than solid
true or false statements. This makes the system more user friendly and translates
results better. Because the input from the world and the results are rarely black and
white.
Then there is a neural networks which is another use of algorithms. These
algorithms try to recreate the process of biological agents. Specifically the
processes of the brain. With these processes, developing affective computing should
be a possibility. One reason to use a neural network is because their systems
involve adaptive learning. Meaning that it learns how to do something from actually

doing it and from the data. A neural network also self organizes and creates its own
organization system from the time spent learning.
This advancement in particular can
make a breakthrough in an affective
computing. In being designed to similar
to a biological neural network, it has the
capability to do the aforementioned
abilities. Further things a neural network
can accomplish is parallel processing.
Which is processing lots of data all at
the same time and not specifically in serial order. Mimicking the brains ability to
take in and sift through information taken in from multiple senses at once. Another
ability of a neural network is fault tolerance. This is done via redundant information
coding. Which is while a little different than the brain in the case that the brain can
be changed to multiple things at once in one section. Though this process
sometimes includes rewiring and relearning. The computer does this by have the
same section of information again in the case that part of the system is damaged.
Conclusion
Overall the creation of an AI entity should be something amazing. It can be seen as
a new form of life which can be interacted with, in the same way as with a person. It
would also seem as the current best way to the creation of a fully developed AI with
a consciousness. It is in this possibility for a new form of consciousness that strong
AI followers hope for.

It is a similar hope the author has. An expert system is a system that could have the
best chance at developing a consciousness due to the amount of power of the
computing, the time that has gone into the coding for semantic understanding and
because the knowledge base could, with some trails, start to replicate the structure
of someones brain. If intelligence is defined down to learning, being creative, be
able to reason and be able to explain itself persuasively. None of the current
systems can claim to do all of these, but can usually do two or three. While the
possibility of creating an AI is there; the actual development of an AI is still
unknown. This particularly because it is unknown how far a consciousness, emotions
and a conscious in machines is from development.

Bibliography

Stergiou, C. S. Siganos, D.S. (). NEURAL NETWORKS.

http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~nd/surprise_96/journal/vol4/cs11/report.html.

N/A, N/A. (first 2003, latest 2015). Text Mining.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_mining.

Zwass, V.Z. (September, 2014). Expert system. Encyclopdia Britannica.

http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?sid=8a7d4f45-9759-4115-85b98cac0c4e5bcf
%40sessionmgr111&vid=1&hid=104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU
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Abacus Programming Corporation. (2009). Artificial Intelligence Systems.

http://www.abacuscorp.com/artificial_intelligence_systems.htm.