Heat and Mass Transfer

Scilab Textbook Companion for
Heat And Mass Transfer

by E. R. G. Eckert And R. M. Drake1
Created by
Abhishek Sharma
B tech
Chemical Engineering
IIT BHU
College Teacher
Mrs Bhawna Verma
Cross-Checked by
August 10, 2013
1 Funded
by a grant from the National Mission on Education through ICT,

http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro. This Textbook Companion and Scilab
codes written in it can be downloaded from the Textbook Companion Project
section at the website http://scilab.in
Book Description
Title: Heat And Mass Transfer
Author: E. R. G. Eckert And R. M. Drake
Publisher: McGraw Hill Book Company
Edition: 2
Year: 1957
ISBN: 978-0070189249
Scilab numbering policy used in this document and the relation to the
above book.
Exa Example (Solved example)
Eqn Equation (Particular equation of the above book)
AP Appendix to Example(Scilab Code that is an Appednix to a particular
Example of the above book)
For example, Exa 3.51 means solved example 3.51 of this book. Sec 2.3 means
a scilab code whose theory is explained in Section 2.3 of the book.
Contents
List of Scilab Codes
1 Introduction
3 Steady heat conduction
10
4 Unsteady heat conduction
17
6 Flow along surfaces and its channels
23
7 Forced convection in laminar flow
25
8 Forced convection in turbulent flow
27
10 Special heat transfer processes
31
11 Free convection
33
12 Condensation and evaporation
35
14 Heat exchange by radiation
37
16 Mass transfer
42
List of Scilab Codes

Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
1.1
1.2
1.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
6.1
6.2
7.1
8.1
8.2
8.3
10.1
11.1
12.1
12.2
14.1
14.2
Thermal resistance . . . . . . . .
Overall heat transfer coefficient .
Heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . .
Heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . .
Finned heated surfaces . . . . . .
Rectangular fins . . . . . . . . .
Minimum width fins . . . . . . .
Wall with heat sources . . . . . .
2D steady state conduction . . .
Unsteady state conduction . . .
Lag of thermometer . . . . . . .
Infinite flat plate . . . . . . . . .
Semi infinite solid . . . . . . . .
Periodic heat conduction . . . .
Semi infinite solid . . . . . . . .
depth of penetration . . . . . . .
Laminar flow . . . . . . . . . . .
turbulent boundary layer . . . .
Plate in longitudinal flow . . . .
Analogy between momentum and
Flow in a tube . . . . . . . . . .
plane plate in longitudinal flow .
Dimensional analysis . . . . . . .
Laminar heat transfer . . . . . .
Film coefficient . . . . . . . . . .
Vertical wall . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiation between two walls . .
Radiation of flames . . . . . . .
4
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heat
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6
7
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
18
20
21
21
22
23
23
25
27
28
29
31
33
35
36
37
38
Exa
Exa
Exa
Exa
14.3
16.1
16.2
16.3
Heat transfer coefficient for radiation

Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Evaporation rate . . . . . . . . . . .
Evaporation of water into air . . . .
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39
42
43
44
Chapter 1
Introduction
Scilab code Exa 1.1 Thermal resistance

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To c a l c u l a t e
t h e o v e r a l l t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e and
o v e r a l l heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t
5
6 b = 0.5/12;
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
// T h i c k n e s s o f
iron wall in f t
k = 30;
// Thermal
c o n d u c t i v i t y i n Btu / hr f t
h1 = 2;
// Heat t r a n s f e r
c o e f f i c i e n t i n Btu / hr f t
h2 = 2;
c o e f f i c i e n t i n Btu / hr f t
R = (1/ h1 ) +(1/ h2 ) +( b / k ) ;
// O v e r a l l
t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e Area i n hrF/ Btu i e . (R/A)
U = 1/ R ;
// O v e r a l l h e a t
t r a n s f e r c o e f i c i e n t i n Btu / hr f t 2F
printf ( The o v e r a l l t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e i s %. 4 f /A hr
F/ Btu /A, where A i s t h e a r e a o f w a l l \n ,R ) ;
6
14
printf ( The o v e r a l l h e a t t r a n s f e r
Btu / hr f t 2F , round ( U ) ) ;
coefficient
i s %d
Scilab code Exa 1.2 Overall heat transfer coefficient

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
5
6 b1 = 0.5/12;
the thermal r e s i s t a n c e
iron wall in f t
7 b2 = 0.0005/12;
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
a i r gap i n f t
b3 = 1/12;
aluminium w a l l i n f t
k1 = 30;
c o n d u c t i v i t y i n Btu / hr f t 2F
k2 = 0.015;
k3 = 118;
R = ( b1 / k1 ) +( b2 / k2 ) +( b3 / k3 ) ;
r e s i s t a n c e Area
// Thermal
// Thermal
// Thermal
// Thermal
printf ( The o v e r a l l t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e o f c o m p o s i t e
w a l l i s %f /A hrF/ Btu , A b e i n g t h e a r e a o f w a l l
i n f t 2 ,R ) ;
Scilab code Exa 1.3 Heat exchanger

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
5
6 m1 = 100;
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
the s i z e of heating s u r f a c e
//
water i n l b / hr
ta1 = 50;
//
temperature of water in F
ta2 = 170;
//
temperature of water
Cp1 = 1;
//
c a p a c i t y o f w a t e r i n Btu / l b F
te1 = 330;
//
temperatutre in f l u e gases in F
m2 = 400;
//
r a t e o f f l u e g a s e s i n l b / hr
Cp2 = .25;
//
c a p a c i t y o f f l u e g a s e s i n Btu / l b F
q = m1 * Cp1 *( ta2 - ta1 ) ;
//
a b s o r b e d by w a t e r i n Btu
te2 = te1 - q /( m2 * Cp2 ) ;
//
temperature of f l u e gases in F
U = 20;
//
t r a n s f e r i n Btu / hr f t 2F
16
17
18
// For p a r a l l e l f l o w
delte = te1 - ta1 ;
tempearture d i f f e r e n c e in F
19 delta = te2 - ta2 ;
temperature d i f f e r e n c e in F
20
21
22
23
24
25
Flow r a t e o f
Initial
Final
Heat
Initial
Mass f l o w
Heat
Heat
Final
Overall heat
// F l u e
// Water
// S e e i n g t h e v a l u e o f d e l t e / d e l t a =7 , we can a t t a i n
the value of a
a1 = 0.77;
deltm = ( delte + delta ) /2;
// A r i t h m e t i c
mean i n F
LMTD1 = a1 * deltm ;
// Log mean
temperature d i f f f e r e n c e
A1 = q /( U * LMTD1 ) ;
// Area i n f t 2
8
26
printf ( The a r e a o f h e a t e x c h a n g e r f o r p a r a l l e l f l o w
i s %. 2 f f t 2 \n , A1 ) ;
27
28
29
// f o r c o u n t e r f l o w
delte = te1 - te2 ;
30 delta = ta1 - ta2 ;
31
32 // S e e i n g t h e v a l u e o f
33 a2 = 1;
34 LMTD2 = a2 * deltm ;
// F l u e
// Water
d e l t e / d e l a =1 , a =1.
// Log mean
35 A2 = q /( U * LMTD2 ) ;
// Area i n f t
2
36 printf ( The a r e a o f h e a t e x c h a n g e r f o r c o u n t e r f l o w
f l o w i s %. 2 f f t 2 \n , A2 ) ;
37
38
39
// For c r o s s f l o w
delte = te1 - ta1 ;
40 delta = te2 - ta2 ;
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
// F l u e
// Water
// S e e i n g t h e v a l u e o f d e l t a / d e l t e = 0 . 1 4 3 , we can
a t t a i n the v a l u e o f a =0.939
a3 = 0.939;
deltm = ( delte + delta ) /2;
// A r i t h m e t i c
mean i n F
LMTD3 = a3 * deltm ;
// Log mean
A3 = q /( U * LMTD3 ) ;
// Area i n f t 2
printf ( The a r e a o f h e a t e x c h a n g e r f o r c r o s s f l o w i s
%. 2 f f t 2 \n , A3 ) ;
Chapter 3
Steady heat conduction
Scilab code Exa 3.1 Heat exchanger

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
5
6 d = 0.06/12;
the length of the well
the thermometer
// d i a m e t e r o f
in f t
// h e a t t e a n s f e r
7 h = 18.5;
c o e f f i c i e n t i n Btu / hr f t 2F
8 k = 32;
9 s = 0.036/12;
wall in f t
10 m = sqrt ( h /( k * s ) ) ;
11
12
// Thermal
// t h i c k n e s s o f
// p a r a m e t e r
// E r r o r i s l e s s t h a n 0 . 0 5% o f t h e d f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n
t h e g a s t e m p e r a t u r e and t h e t u b e w e l l
t e m p e r a t u r e . Hence a=m l
13
14 a = 6;
15 l = a / m ;
// a=m l
// Length o f
10
well in f t
16 printf ( The l e n g t h o f w e l l i s %. 2 f f t ,l )
Scilab code Exa 3.2 Finned heated surfaces

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To d e t e r m i n e t h e
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
e f f e c t i v e n e s s of iron f in s of
0.14 inch thickness
// For h e a t t r a n s f e r t o a i r
b = 0.12/12;
// T h i c k n e s s o f i r o n f i n s
in f t
k = 33;
// Mean t h e r m a l
c o n d u c t i v i t y o f i r o n i n Btu / hr f t 2
Hamin = 2;
// Minimum h e a t r a n s f e r
c o e f f i c i e n t w i t h a i r i n Btu / hr f t 2F
Hamax = 20;
// I n s e r t i n g t h e h i g h e r v a l u e o f h e a t t r a n s f e r
coefficient
m1 = 2* k /( Hamax * b ) ;
// C h a r a c t e r i s t i c v a l u e
// h a r a c t e r i s t i c v a l u e i s q u i t e h i g h
printf ( S i n c e m = %d , h e n c e t h e h e a t t r a n s f e r from
i r o n f i n s t o a i r i s a d v a n t a g e o u s \n , m1 ) ;
// For h e a t t r a n s f e r t o w a t e r
Hwmin = 100;
18 Hwmax = 1000;
19 // I n s e r t i n g t h e h i g h e r v a l u e o f h e a t t r a n s f e r
coefficient
20 m2 = 2* k /( Hwmax * b ) ;
// C h a r a c t e r i s t i c v a l u e
11
21
22
// C h a r a c t e r i s t i c v a l u e i s q u i t e low
printf ( S i n c e m = %. 1 f , h e n c e t h e h e a t t r a n s f e r from
i r o n f i n s t o w a t e r i s n o t a d v a n t a g e o u s \n , m2 ) ;
Scilab code Exa 3.3 Rectangular fins

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To s t u d y t h e
e f f e c t of adding f i n s to the
c y l i n d r i c a l b a r r e l o f an a i r c o o l e d e n g i n e
5
6 l1 = 3/12;
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
// Length o f
f i n s in f t
l2 = 4/12;
h = 50;
c o e f f i c i e n t i n Btu / hrf t F
k = 28;
// Thermal
c o n d u c t i v i t y i n Btu / hrf t F
T1 = 250;
// C y l i n d e r w a l l
temperature in F
T2 = 70;
// A i r
temperature in F
th = T1 - T2 ;
// T e m p e r a t u r e
difference
b = 0.09/12;
f i n s in f t
m = 2* h /( b * k ) ;
//
C h a r a c t e r i s t i c parameter
// S e e i n g t h e v a l u e o f l e n g t h and m, yhe b e s s e l
f u n c t i o n s can be f o u n d o u t
16
17 I2 = 188/7.26;
// M a g n i t u d e s
of bessel functions
18 I0 = 41.0/5.45;
12
19
20
21
22
23
24
I1
K2
K0
K1
=
=
=
=
37.2/5.45;
0.0;
0.0022/5.45;
0.0024/5.45;
q1 = 2* %pi *0.27* k * sqrt ( m ) * th *( I2 * l2 * m * K1 * l1 - K2 * l2 * m *

I1 * l1 ) /(144*( I2 * l2 * sqrt ( m ) * K0 * l1 * sqrt ( m ) + K2 * l2 *
sqrt ( m ) * I0 * l1 * sqrt ( m ) ) ) ;
25 // Heat l o s s by f i n n e d s u r f a c e
26 q2 = 0.27/144*2* %pi *3* h * th ;
// h e a t l o s s
from b a r r e d s u r f a c e
27
28
printf ( t h e
presence
29 printf ( t h e
barrel is
h e a t l o s s from t h e c y l i n d r i c a l b a r r e l i n
o f f i n s i s %d Btu / h r \n , q1 ) ;
h e a t l o s s from t h e b a r e c y l i n d r i c a l
%d Btu / h r \n , q2 )
Scilab code Exa 3.4 Minimum width fins

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To s t u d y t h e
e f f e c t of adding f i n s to the
c y l i n d r i c a l b a r r e l o f an a i r c o o l e d e n g i n e
5
6 l1 = 3/12;
7
8
9
10
11
// Length o f
f i n s in f t
l2 = 4/12;
h = 50;
c o e f f i c i e n t i n Btu / hrf t F
k = 28;
T1 = 250;
temperature in F
T2 = 70;
13
// Thermal
// C y l i n d e r w a l l
// A i r
12
13
14
15
temperature in F
th = T1 - T2 ;
difference
b = 0.09/12;
f i n s in f t
m = 2* h /( b * k ) ;
//
C h a r a c t e r i s t i c parameter
// S e e i n g t h e v a l u e o f l e n g t h and m, yhe b e s s e l
f u n c t i o n s can be f o u n d o u t
16
17 I2 = 188/7.26;
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
I0
I1
K2
K0
K1
of
=
=
=
=
=
// M a g n i t u d e s
bessel functions
41.0/5.45;
37.2/5.45;
0.0;
0.0022/5.45;
0.0024/5.45;
q1 = 2* %pi *0.27* k * sqrt ( m ) * th *( I2 * l2 * m * K1 * l1 - K2 * l2 * m *

I1 * l1 ) /(144*( I2 * l2 * sqrt ( m ) * K0 * l1 * sqrt ( m ) + K2 * l2 *
sqrt ( m ) * I0 * l1 * sqrt ( m ) ) ) ;
25 // Heat l o s s by f i n n e d s u r f a c e
26 q2 = 0.27/144*2* %pi *3* h * th ;
// h e a t l o s s
from b a r r e d s u r f a c e
27
28
printf ( t h e
presence
29 printf ( t h e
barrel is
h e a t l o s s from t h e c y l i n d r i c a l b a r r e l i n
o f f i n s i s %d Btu / h r \n , q1 ) ;
h e a t l o s s from t h e b a r e c y l i n d r i c a l
%d Btu / h r \n , q2 )
Scilab code Exa 3.5 Wall with heat sources

1 clc ;
2 clear ;
3
14
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
// To f i n d t h e t e m p e a r u r e d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e p l a n e
wall with heat s o u r c e s
d1 = 0.55;
// I n s i d e d i a m e t e r
of copper wire
d2 = 0.8;
// O u t s i d e
diameter of copper wire
phi = 0.6;
// F r a c t i o n o f
copper in wire
j = 1300;
// C u r r e n t d e n s i t y
i n c o n d u c t o r s i n amp/ i n 2
p = 9.5*10^( -6) ;
// S p e c i f i c
r e s i s t a n c e i n ohmi n 2/ f t
h = 4;
c o e f f i c i e n t on b o t h s i d e s o f c o i l
k = 0.2;
// Thermal
c o n d u c t i v i t y o f c o i l i n Btu / hrf t F
T0 = 70;
// T e m p e r a t u r e o f
a i r i n degF
// C o n s i d e r i n g i t a s a p l a n e w a l l w i t h a t h i c k n e s s
of 0.25 ft
b = 0.125;
// h a l f t h e
thickness of wall in f t
l = 0.0625;
// D i s t a n c e
b e t w e e n t h e two w a l l s
q = j * j * p * phi *144*3.412;
// G e n e r a t i o n o f
h e a t i n Btu / hrf t F
th0 = (4730* l * l /(2* k ) ) +(4730* l / h ) ;
//
Teperature d i f f e r e n c e in F
t0 = T0 + th0 ;
// T e m p e r a t u r e a t
the center in F
printf ( The t e m p e r a t u r e a t t h e c e n t r e o f t h e p o o l i s
%. 1 f degF \n , t0 ) ;
Scilab code Exa 3.6 2D steady state conduction

15
1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To d e t e r m i n e t h e s h a p e f a c t o r
f o r the heat flow

t h r o u g h a s q u a r e d u c t whose s u r f a c e t e m p e r a t u r e s
are constant
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
// S i n c e t h e d u c t i s s y m m e t r i c a l . Only one o f t h e
c o r n e r s i s t o be c o n s i d e r e d
Nc = 20;
// Number o f h e a t f l o w
lanes
Nr = 7;
// Number o f t e m p e r a t u r e
increments
S = Nc / Nr ;
// Shape f a c t o r
printf ( The Shape f a c t o r f o r h e a t f l o w t h r o u g h
s q u a r e d u c t i s %. 2 f \n ,S ) ;
printf ( And t h e h e a t t r a n s f e r t h r o u g h c o n d u c t i o n i s
%. 2 f kL ( t1 t 2 ) ,S ) ;
16
Chapter 4
Unsteady heat conduction
Scilab code Exa 4.1 Unsteady state conduction

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To m e a s u r e an u n s t e a d y s t a t e
temperature with a
t h e r m o m e t e r and h a l f v a l u e t i m e
5
6
// H a l f v a l u e t i m e i s t h e t i m e w i t h i n which t h e
i n i t i a l d i f f e r e n c e e t w e e n t h e t r u e and i n d i c a t e d
temperature i s reduced to h a l f i t s i n i t i a l value
7
8 l = 0.01/2;
9
10
11
12
13
14
// Length o f
c y l i n d r i c a l tube in f t
a = 0.178;
// Thermal
d i f f u s i v i t y i n f t 2/ h r
k = 5;
// Thermal
h = 10;
// Heat
t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t i n Btu / hr f t 2F
Bi = h * l / k ;
// B i o t number
// For h a l f t i m e
17
15 th = 0.693* l * l *3600/( Bi * a ) ;
// H a l f t i m e i n
hr
16
17
printf ( The h a l f t i m e f o r u n s t e a d y c h a n g e
t e m p e r a t u r e c h a n g e i s %d s e c , th ) ;
Scilab code Exa 4.2 Lag of thermometer

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
the l a g o f thermometer used in

i n i t i a l e x a m p l e w h i l e t h e oven i s h e a t i n g
5
6 r = 0.01;
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
// R a d i u s o f
c y l i n d r i c a l tube in f t
a = 0.178;
// Thermal
k = 5;
// Thermal
h = 2;
// Heat
t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t i n Btu / hr f t 2F
s = 400;
// Rate o f
temperature change
tlag = r * k * s /(2* a * h ) ;
printf ( The l a g o f t h e r m o m e t e r w h i l e t h e oven i s
h e a t i n g a t t h e r a t e o f 400F/ h r i s %. 1 f F , tlag ) ;
Scilab code Exa 4.3 Infinite flat plate

1 clc () ;
2 clear
18
3
4
// To f i n d t h e t i m e r e q u i r e d f o r t h e b i l l e t t o
r e m a i n i n t h e oven
5
6 A = 2;
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
// Length o f
s t e e l b i l l e t in f t
B = 2;
b i l l e t in f t
C = 4;
b i l l e t in f t
To = 70;
temperature of b i l l e t n F
Tf = 750;
temp . o f b i l l e t i n F
T = 700;
f o r which t i m e h a s t o be f o u n d o u t
k = 25;
a = 0.57;
h = 100;
t r a n s f e r c o e f f . i n Btu / hr f t
15
16
17
18
19
25
26
// H e i g h t o f
// I n i t i a l
// Maximum
// Thermal
// Thermal
// Heat
// B i o t number
BiA = h * A / k ;
BiB = h * B / k ;
BiC = h * C / k ;
t = 1.53;
temperature in F
20 s1 = a * t / A ^2;
21 s2 = a * t / B ^2;
22 s3 = a * t / C ^2;
23
24
// B r e a d t h o f
// Assumed
// P a r a m e t e r s
// S e e i n g t h e v a l u e s o f Bi and s and c o m p a r i n g from

the t a b l e
// T/ Toa = 0 . 3 0 2 and T/Tob = 0 . 8 0 5 and (T/ Toa ) 2T/ Toc
=0.0735
27
19
28
printf ( The t i m e r e q u i r e d f o r t h e c e n t r e t e m p e r a t u r e
t o r e a c h 700 F u n d e r t h e c o n d i t i o n s s p e c i f i e d i n
t h e p r o b l e m i s t=%. 2 f h r ,t ) ;
Scilab code Exa 4.4 Semi infinite solid

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
the time needed to e s t a b i l i s h a

steady s t a t e temperature d i s t r i b u t i o n in the
w a l l s and i n t h e room
tf = 70;
// F i n a l
temperature of the wall in F
hi = 1.2;
// I n n e r h e a t
t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i n t o f w a l l i Btu / hr f t 2degF
ho = 3.0;
// Outer h e a t
t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t i n Btu / hr f t 2degF
a = 0.012;
// Thermal
x = 1.3;
wall in f t
// Assuming t h e r a t e o f h e a t t r a s f e r t o t h e i n s i d e
of a wall i s constant
// And s i n c e t h e w a l l i s d i v i d e d i n t o s i x s e c t i o n s
delx = x /6;
sections in f t
t = ( delx ) ^2/(2* a ) ;
// t i m e
r e q u i r e d i n hr
printf ( t h e t i m e n e e d e d t o e s t a b i l i s h a s t e a d y s t a t e
t e m p e r a t u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n i n t h e w a l l s and i n t h e
room i s %. 2 f h r ,t ) ;
20
Scilab code Exa 4.5 Periodic heat conduction

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
t h e d e p t h and y e a r l y t e m p e r a t u r e
f l u c t u a t i o n s p e n e t r a t e the ground
5
6 a = 0.039;
//
thermal d i f f u s i v i t y of c l a y l i k e
soil
//
7 to = 24;
time f o r d a i l y f l u c t u a t i o n s i n hr
//
depth o f p e n e t r a t i o n f o r d a i l y f l u c t u a t i o n i n f t
9 xy = sqrt (365) * x ;
//
depth o f p e n e t r a t i o n f o r y e a r l y f l u c t u a t i o n i n f t
8 x = 1.6* sqrt ( %pi * a * to ) ;
10
11
printf ( The d e p t h o f p e n e t r a t i o n f o r d a i l y
f l u c t u a t i o n i s %. 2 f f t and d e p t h o f p e n e t r a t i o n
f o r y e a r l y f l u c t u a t i o n i s %. 2 f f t ,x , xy ) ;
Scilab code Exa 4.6 Semi infinite solid

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
the depth o f p e n e t r a t i o n o f the

temperature o s c i l l a t i o n into the c y l i n d e r wall
5
6 rpm = 2000;
//
R e v o l u t i o n s p e r m i n u t e o f motor
21
// Thermal
7 a = 0.64;
// P e r i o d o f
8 to = 1/(60* rpm ) ;
o s c i l l a t i o n i n hr
// d e p t h o f
9 x = 1.6* sqrt ( %pi * a * to ) ;
p e n e t r a t i o n i n hr
10 printf ( t h e d e p t h o f p e n e t r a t i o n o f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e
o s c i l l a t i o n i n t o t h e c y l i n d e r w a l l i s %. 5 f f t ,x )
;
Scilab code Exa 4.7 depth of penetration

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
the depth o f p e n e t r a t i o n o f the

temperature o s c i l l a t i o n into the c y l i n d e r wall
5
6 rpm = 2000;
7
8
9
10
//
R e v o l u t i o n s p e r m i n u t e o f motor
a = 0.64;
// Thermal
to = 1/(60* rpm ) ;
// P e r i o d o f
o s c i l l a t i o n i n hr
x = 1.6* sqrt ( %pi * a * to ) ;
// d e p t h o f
p e n e t r a t i o n i n hr
printf ( t h e d e p t h o f p e n e t r a t i o n o f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e
o s c i l l a t i o n i n t o t h e c y l i n d e r w a l l i s %. 5 f f t ,x )
;
22
Chapter 6
Flow along surfaces and its
channels
Scilab code Exa 6.1 Laminar flow

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
clc () ;
clear ;
// Data / /
x = 4/12; // [ t h i c k n e s s o f p l a t e , i n c h ]
v = 33; // [ f p s ]
n = 15.4*10^( -5) ; // [ k i n e m a t i c v i s c o s i t y , f e e t 2/ s ]
// / /
Re = v * x / n ; // [ Reynold s number ]
delta = 4.64* x *12/ sqrt ( Re ) ; // [ Boundary l a y e r
thickness , ft ]
12 printf ( Boundary l a y e r t h i c k n e s s a t 4 i n . d i s t a n c e
i s %. 4 f i n . , delta ) ;
Scilab code Exa 6.2 turbulent boundary layer

23
1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
t h e t h i c k n e s s o f t u r b u l e n t boundary
l a y e r a t a d i s t a n c e o f 12 i n c h
5 x = 12/12;
// D i s t a n c e
from l e a d i n g e d g e i n f t
6 v = 33;
// Stream
flowing velocity in f t
7 n = 15.4*10^( -5) ;
// k i n e m a t i c
v i s c o s i t y , f e e t 2/ s
8
9 Re = v * x / n ;
// r e y n o l d s
number
delta = 0.376* x /( Re ^0.2) ;
// Boundary
layer thickness , ft
11 delb = 0.036* delta *12;
// T u r b u l e n t
layer thickness , in
12 printf ( The t u r b u l e n t b o u n d a r t y l a y e r t h i c k n e s s i s %
. 3 f f t , delb ) ;
10
24
Chapter 7
Forced convection in laminar
flow
Scilab code Exa 7.1 Plate in longitudinal flow

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4
5 // t o c a l c u l a t e
the heat t r a n a f e r v c o e f f i c i e n t f o r a
p l a t e i n an a i r s t r e a m
6
7 x = 4/12;
// d i s t a n c e from
l e a d i n g edge in f t
// a i r v e l o c i t y i n f p s
//
// s u r f a c e t e m p e r a t u r e
8 u = 33;
9 Ts = 125;
10 Tw = 255;
in F
11 k = 0.0178;
i n Btu / hrf t F
12 Re = 46600;
13 Pr = 0.695;
// Thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y
// R e y n o l d s number
// P r a n d t l s number
14
15 Nu = 0.332* Re ^.5* Pr ^(1/3) ;
25
// N u s s e l t number
// L o c a l h e a t t r a n s f e r
16 h = Nu * k / x ;
coefficient
17 ha = h *12;
c o e f f i c i e n t average
// Width o f p l a t e i n f t
// Length o f p l a t e
18 b = 1;
19 x = 4/12;
20
21 q = ha * b * x *( Ts - Tw ) ;
22
23 printf ( The h e a t t r a n s f e r
// Heat l o s s i n Btu / h r
c o e f f i c i e n t for a plate in
an a i r s t r e a m i s %. 2 f Btu / hr f t 2F ,h ) ;
26
Chapter 8
Forced convection in turbulent
flow
Scilab code Exa 8.1 Analogy between momentum and heat

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To f i n d t h e amount o f h e a t
5
6 Tw = 200;
7
8
9
10
t r a n s f e r r e d to the a i r
temperature in F
delp = 14.2;
p r e s s u r e i n l b / i n 2
d = 0.8/12;
R = delp * %pi * d ^2/4;
tube
Tb = 137;
temperature of wall in F
11
12 q = R *32.2*0.24*3600*( Tw - Tb ) /100;
// Wall
// P r e s s u r e
// D i a m e t e r i n f t
// r e s i s t a n c e o f
// b u l k
// Heat l o s s
i n Btu / h r
13 printf ( The h e a t l o s s from t h e t u b e w e l l t o t h e a i r
when t h e p l a t e i s h e a t e d t o a t e m p e r a t u r e o f 200
27
F i s %d Btu / h r ,q ) ;
Scilab code Exa 8.2 Flow in a tube

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To f i n d t h e e x t e n t o f h e a t i n g o f w a t e r and h e a t
transfer
5
6 d = 0.24/12;
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
// D i a m e t e r o f t u b e s
in f t
l = 24/12;
// Length o f t u b e s
in f t
v = 3;
// v e l o c i t y o f
c o o l i n g water in f t / sec
T = 140;
c o o l i n g water in F
n = 0.514*10^ -5;
// K i n e m a t i c
v i s c o s i t y i n f t 2/ s e c
Pr = 3.02;
k = 0.376;
// Thermal
Re = d * v / n ;
A = 1.5;
// E x p e r i m e n t a l
constant
// T u r b u l e n t f l o w
// G r e a t e r p a r t o f t h e f l o w i s d e v e l o p e d , A=1.5
from t h e t a b l e
17
18 St = 0.0384*( v * d / n ) ^ -(1/4) /(1+ A *( v * d / n ) ^ -(1/8) *( Pr
-1) ) ;
// S t r a n t o n s number
19 Nu = Re * Pr * St ;
//
N u s s e l t number
28
// Heat
20 h = Nu * k / d ;
transfer
21
22
coefficient
printf ( The h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t o f h e a t i n g o f
w a t e r r i s %d Btu / hr f t 2F ,h ) ;
Scilab code Exa 8.3 plane plate in longitudinal flow

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To f i n d t h e h e a t
transfer
c o e f f i c i e n t a t x = 12
in .
5
6 Tp = 176;
// T e m p e r a t u r e o f p l a t e
in F
// T e m p e a r t u r e o f a i r
7 Ta = 68;
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
stream in F
Tm = ( Tp + Ta ) /2;
// Maen t e m p e r a t u r e i n
F
u = 30;
// V e l o c i t y i n f p s
n = 19.45*10^ -5;
// Dynamic v i s o s i t y i n
f t 2/ s e c
v = 30;
// V e l o c i t y i n f p s
Pr = 0.703;
x = 12/12;
// d i s t a n c e i n f t
k = 0.0162;
i n Btu / hr f t 2F
Re = v * x / n ;
// The boundary l a y e r must be l a m i n a r o r t u r b u l e n t
15
16
17
18 St =
0.0296*( Re ) ^ -(1/5) /(1+1.75*0.87*( Re ) ^ -(1/10) *(

Pr -1) ) ;
19 Nu = Re * Pr * St ;
// N u s s e l t
number
29
// Heat
20 h = Nu * k / x ;
transfer
21
22
coefficient
printf ( The h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t o f h e a t i n g o f
w a t e r f o r l a m i n a r i s %. 2 f Btu / hr f t 2F ,h )
23
24 // I f t h e f l o w i s l a m i n a r
25 Nu1 = 0.332* Re ^(1/2) * Pr ^(1/3) ;
//
// Heat
26 h1 = Nu1 * k / x ;
transfer coefficient
27 printf ( \n The h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t f o r
t u r b i l e n t l a y e r i s %. 2 f Btu / h r , h1 ) ;
30
Chapter 10
Special heat transfer processes
Scilab code Exa 10.1 Dimensional analysis

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
the heat t r a n s f e r
the p l a t e to the a i r
5
6 Tw = 196;
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
c o e f f i c i e n t from
// T e m p e r a t u r e o f p l a t e
in F
Ts = 79;
air in F
u = 587;
fps
x = 4/12;
ft
n = 20.4*10^ -5;
Cp = 1200;
capacity
Re = u * x / n ;
r = 0.845;
factor
tr = Ts + r * u * u / Cp ;
// T e m p e r a t u r e o f t h e
// v e l o c i t y i n a i r i n
// Length o f p l a t e i n
// K i n e m a t i c v e l o c i t y
// S p e c i f i c h e a t
// T e m p e r a t u r e r e c o v e r y
// Dynamic t e m p e r a t u r e
31
15
16
17
18
in F
Pr = 0.697;
// P r a d t l s number
p = 0.0657;
// D e n s i t y i n l b / f t 3
t = 144.1;
// C o r r e s p o n d i n g
temperature in F
St = 0.0296*( Re ) ^ -(1/5) /(1+1.75*0.87*( Re ) ^ -(1/10) *(
Pr -1) ) ;
19
20
21 h = p * u * St *3600;
coefficient
22 hav = 1.215* h ;
23
24
// A v e r a g e h e a t
printf ( The h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t from t h e p a l t e

t o t h e a i r i s %. 1 f Btu / hr f t 2F , hav ) ;
32
Chapter 11
Free convection
Scilab code Exa 11.1 Laminar heat transfer

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
5
6 Ts = 200;
the l o c a l heat t r a n s f e r
coefficient
o f steam i n F
// A i r
7 Ta = 68;
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
temerature in F
n = 24.21*10^ -5;
v i s c o s i t y i n f t 2/ s e c
k = 0.0181;
g = 32.2;
b = 1/528;
coefficient
x = 8/12;
from l o w e r end
th = Ts - Ta ;
d i f f e r e n c e in F
Gr = g * b * th * x ^3/( n ^2) ;
33
// K i n e m a t i c
// Thermal
// G r a v i t y
// E x p a n s i o n
// D i s t a n c e
// G r a s h o p s
15
16
17
18
19
20
number
Pr = 0.694;
// P r a n d t l s
number
del = x *3.93* Pr ^( -0.5) *((0.952+ Pr ) ^1/4) * Gr ^( -0.25) ;
// Boundary l a y e r t h i c k n e s s
h = 2* k / del ;
// f i l m h e a t
hav = 4* h /3;
// Avg h e a t
transfer cioefficient
printf ( The a v e r a g e h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t o v e r
t h e l e n g t h o f 8 i n . i s %. 2 f Btu / hr f t 2F ,h ) ;
34
Chapter 12
Condensation and evaporation
Scilab code Exa 12.1 Film coefficient

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4
// To c a l c u l a t e
5
6 L = 1029;
the heat t r a n s f e r
coefficient
// Heat o f e v a p o r a t i o n
i n Btu / l b
// K i n e m a t i c v i s c o s i t y
7 n = 0.654*10^ -5;
8
9
10
11
12
13
i n Btu / hrf t F
p = 62;
k = 0.367;
i n Btu / hr f t 2F
g = 32.2;
x = 3/12;
edge in f t
ts = 114;
temperature in F
tw = 105;
F
// d e n s i t y i n l b / f t 3
// G r a v i t y
// D i s t a n c e from u p p e r
// S a t u r a t i o n
// Wall t e m p e r a t u r e i n
14
15 h = ( g * k ^3* p * L *3600/(4* n * x *( ts - tw ) ) ) ^0.25;
35
//
Heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t
16 hav = h *4/3;
Avg h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t
17
18
printf ( The a v e r a g e h e a t t r a n s f e r
Btu / hr f t 2F , hav ) ;
//
coefficient
i s %d
Scilab code Exa 12.2 Vertical wall

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4
t h e h e a t e x c h a n g e by r a d i a t i o j n
b e t w e e n two w a l l s
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
t1 = 2500;
s a t u r a t e d steam i n F
t2 = 600;
// E x t e r n a l
temperature o f tube w a l l s in F
e = 0.8;
// E m m i s i v i t y o f t u b e
wall arrangement
p = 0.87;
// E m p e r i c a l f a c t o r
A = 148.5;
// Area o f t h e w a l l i n
f t 2
s = 0.173*10^ -8;
// S t e p h e n s b o l t z m a n n s
constant
q = s * e * A * p *((( t1 +460) ^4) -(( t2 +460) ^4) ) ;
// h e a t
l o s s i n Btu / h r
printf ( The h e a t e x c h a n g e p e r u n i t a r e a i s %. 2 f Btu
/ h r ,q ) ;
36
Chapter 14
Heat exchange by radiation
Scilab code Exa 14.1 Radiation between two walls

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4
t h e h e a t e x c h a n g e by r a d i a t i o n
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
t1 = 212;
contents in the b o t t l e in F
t2 = 68;
// Ambient
temperature in F
// E m m i s i v i t y o f
e = 0.02 ;
silver
e12 = 1/(2/ e -1) ;
s = 0.173*10^ -8;
boltzmanns constant
// Exchange f a c t o r
// S t e p h e n s
q = s * e12 *(( t1 +460) ^4 -( t2 +460) ^4) ;

// Heat l o s s
i n Btu / h r
printf ( The h e a t f l o w p e r u n i t a r e a o f t h e i n n e r
w a l l i s %. 2 f Btu / hr f t 2 ,q ) ;
37
Scilab code Exa 14.2 Radiation of flames

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4
t h e h e a t e x c h a n g e by r a d i a t i o n
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
t1 = 2500;
s a t u r a t e d steam i n F
t2 = 600;
tube wall in F
p = 0.87;
A = 148.5;
walls
A1 = 168.8;
l i n e d with c o o l i n g tubes
e = 0.8 ;
silver
s = 0.173*10^ -8;
boltzmanns constant
// Area o f t u b e
// Area o f w a l l s
// S t e p h e n s
q = p * s * e * A *(( t1 +460) ^4 -( t2 +460) ^4) ;

// Heat
l o s s i n Btu / h r
L = 649.4;
// L a t e n t
h e a t o f v a p o u r i z a t i o n i n Btu / l b
m = q/L;
//
G e n e r a t i o n o f steam i n l b / h r
A2 = A1 * %pi /2;
// Area o f
t u b e i n f t 2
h = q / A2 ;
// Heat
absorption rate
printf ( The h e a t a b s o r p t i o n p e r s q u a r e f o o t o f t u b e
a r e a i s %d Btu / hr f t 2 ,h ) ;
38
Scilab code Exa 14.3 Heat transfer coefficient for radiation

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To f i n d t h e
5
t1 = 2500;
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
d i v i s i o n of the heating s u r f a c e
// t e m p e r a t u r e o f
contenets of the b o t t l e in F
t2 = 600;
// Ambient
temperature in F
e1 = 0.048;
// I n t e r c h a n g e f a c t o r
i n 1800 F
e2 = 0.044;
// I n t e r c h a n g e f a c t o r
i n 600 F
e = 0.94;
walls
p = 1;
F = 2*0.88;
// Shape f a c t o r
s = 0.173*10^ -8;
// S t e p h e n s
boltzmanns constant
h = s * e * p * F *(( t1 +460) ^4 -( t2 +460) ^4) /( %pi *( t1 - t2 ) ) ;
// Heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t
// Heat t r a n s f e r f o r t h e t u b e s w i t h i n t h e
convective surface
// R a d i a t i o n o f CO2 and w a t e r i n t h e c o m b u s t i o n
gases
L = 0.5;
// E q i v a l e n t l e n g t h
of gas l a y e r
Tg = 1800;
// Gas t e m p e r a t u r e
in F
Tw = 600;
// S u r f a c e
39
temperature of tubes in F
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
// From t h e t a b l e t h e e m m i s i v i t y o f c a r b o n d i o x i d e
can be known
ec1 = 0.06;
// Emmmisivity o f
CO2 a t 1 8 0 0F
ec2 = 0.055;
// E m m i s i v i t y o f Co2
a t 600F
ew = 0.8;
tube wall
qc = s * ew * p *( ec1 *( Tg +460) ^4 - ec2 *( t2 +460) ^4) ;
// Heat l o s s by c a r b o n d i o x i d e i n Btu / h r
// From t h e t a b l e t h e e m m i s i v i t y o f w a t e r can be
known
eh1 = 0.0176;
// Emmmisivity o f
w a t e r a t 1 8 0 0F
eh2 = 0.0481;
w a t e r a t 600F
qh = s * ew * p *( eh1 *( Tg +460) ^4 - eh2 *( t2 +460) ^4) ;
// Heat l o s s by w a t e r i n Btu / h r
qg = qc + qh ;
// Heat h e a t f l o w
by g a s r a d i a t i o n
hg = qg /( Tg - t2 ) ;
c o e f f c o e n t by g a s r a d i a t i o n
printf ( The h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t by g a s
r a d i a t i o n i s %. 2 f Btu / hr f t 2 \n , hg ) ;
// Heat t r a n s f e r by c o n v e c t i o n can be f o u n d o u t
using values iun the t a b l e
hc = 8.14;
by c o n v e c t i o n i n Btu / hr f t 2F
printf ( The h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t by g a s
r a d i a t i o n i s %. 2 f Btu / hr f t 2\ n , hc ) ;
ht = hc + hg ;
// T o t a l h e a t
transfer c o e f f i c i e n t for convective surface
40
46
47
printf ( The c o v e c t i v e s u r f a c e have g r e a t e r h e a t

t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s than the r a d i a t i n g s u r f a c e
. T h e r e f o r e i t i s advantageous to l i n e the whole
c o m b u s t i o n chamber w i t h n a r r o w l y s p a c e d c o o l i n g
tubes );
41
Chapter 16
Mass transfer
Scilab code Exa 16.1 Diffusion

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
5
6
T = 87.5;
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
the s i f f u s i o n
coefficient
// C o n s t a n t
temperature o f tube
p1 = 0.6543;
in psi
p = 14.22;
e = 5.165*10^ -5;
i n l b / hr
A = 0.755;
2
m = e *144/ A ;
f t 2
M = 18.0165;
water
R = 1545/ M ;
l = 2.527/12;
ft
// S a t u r a t i o n p r e s s u r e
// Ambient p r e s s u r e
// Rate o f e v a p o r a t i o n
// Area o f t u b e i n i n
// Mass f l u x i n l b / hr
// M o l e c u l a r w e i g h t o f
// Gas c o n s t a n t
// Length o f t u b e i n
42
15
16
D = m * R *( T +460) * l /( p *144* log ( p /( p - p1 ) ) ) ;

// D i f f u s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t
printf ( The d i f f u s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t o f w a t e r v a p o u r
o v e r a i r i s %. 3 f f t 2/ h r ,D )
Scilab code Exa 16.2 Evaporation rate

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To c a l c u l a t e v t h e amount o f w a t e r e v a p o r a t e d p e r
h o u r p e r s q u a r e f e e t from t h e w a t e r s u r f a c e
5
6 u = 10;
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
// Flow o f a i r s t r e a m i n
fps
r = 33.3;
//
T = 519;
//
p = 0.1130;
//
water vapour
x = 4/12;
//
wind d i r e c t i o n
n = 15.99*10^ -5;
//
k = 0.0149;
//
i n Btu / hrf t F
Re = u * x / n ;
//
D = 1.127;
//
i n f t 2/ s e c
R = 85.74;
//
Imperial in Imperial units
R e l a t i v e humidity
T e m p e r a t u r e i n Rankine
Partial pressure of
Water s u r f a c e i n t h e
Kinematic v i s c o s i t y
Thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y
r e y n o l d s number
Diffusion coefficient
Gas c o n s t a n t i n
16
17 hd =0.664* Re ^0.5*( n *3600/ D ) ^(1/3) * D / x ;
Heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t
18 Pr = 0.710;
P r a n d t l s number
19 Nu = 0.664* sqrt ( Re ) * Pr ^(1/3) ;
43
//
//
//
20 h = Nu * k / x ;
// Heat
21 ps = 0.2473;
//
S a t u r a t i o n p r e s s u r e o f water vapour
22 m = hd *( ps - p ) *144/( R * T ) ;
//
Water v a p o u r f o r m a t i o n r a t e i n l b / hr f t 2
23
24
printf ( The r a t e o f amount o f w a t e r e v a p o r a t e d p e r

s q . f o o t i s %. 3 f l b / hr f t 2 ,m ) ;
Scilab code Exa 16.3 Evaporation of water into air

1 clc () ;
2 clear ;
3
4 // To d e t e r m i n e t h e
5
6 p = 14.7;
s p e c i f i c heat of a i r
// P r e s s u r e i n p s i
.
7 Tb = 68;
temperature in F
8 Tw = 50;
temperature in F
// Dry b u l b
// Wet b u l b
9
10
// I n t h e e n t h a l p y s p e c i f i c h e a t diagram , t h e
i s o t h e r m 50F i n t h e s u p e r s a t u r a t e d r e g i o n must be
e x t e n d e d u n t i l i t i n t e r s e c t s t h e i s o t h e r m 68F .
11 // The p o i n t o f i n t e r s e c t i o n g i v e s t h e s t a t e o f
m o i s t a i r and i t s s p e c i f i c h e a t c a p a c i t y can be
read
12 s = 0.0037;
// S p e c i f i c h e a t
capacity
13
14
printf ( Tne s p e c i f i c h u m i d i t y o f a i r i s %. 4 f l b o f
44
w a t e r p e r pound o f d r y a i r ,s ) ;
45

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Scilab Textbook Companion for

August 10, 2013

by a grant from the National Mission on Education through ICT,

3 Steady heat conduction

4 Unsteady heat conduction

6 Flow along surfaces and its channels

7 Forced convection in laminar flow

8 Forced convection in turbulent flow

10 Special heat transfer processes

12 Condensation and evaporation

14 Heat exchange by radiation

List of Scilab Codes

Heat transfer coefficient for radiation

Scilab code Exa 1.1 Thermal resistance

Scilab code Exa 1.2 Overall heat transfer coefficient

Scilab code Exa 1.3 Heat exchanger

Scilab code Exa 3.1 Heat exchanger

the length of the well

Scilab code Exa 3.2 Finned heated surfaces

Scilab code Exa 3.3 Rectangular fins

q1 = 2* %pi *0.27* k * sqrt ( m ) * th *( I2 * l2 * m * K1 * l1 - K2 * l2 * m *

Scilab code Exa 3.4 Minimum width fins

q1 = 2* %pi *0.27* k * sqrt ( m ) * th *( I2 * l2 * m * K1 * l1 - K2 * l2 * m *

Scilab code Exa 3.5 Wall with heat sources

Scilab code Exa 3.6 2D steady state conduction

f o r the heat flow

Scilab code Exa 4.1 Unsteady state conduction

Scilab code Exa 4.2 Lag of thermometer

the l a g o f thermometer used in

Scilab code Exa 4.3 Infinite flat plate

// S e e i n g t h e v a l u e s o f Bi and s and c o m p a r i n g from

Scilab code Exa 4.4 Semi infinite solid

the time needed to e s t a b i l i s h a

Scilab code Exa 4.5 Periodic heat conduction

Scilab code Exa 4.6 Semi infinite solid

the depth o f p e n e t r a t i o n o f the

9 x = 1.6* sqrt ( %pi * a * to ) ;

Scilab code Exa 4.7 depth of penetration

the depth o f p e n e t r a t i o n o f the

Scilab code Exa 6.1 Laminar flow

Scilab code Exa 6.2 turbulent boundary layer

Scilab code Exa 7.1 Plate in longitudinal flow

Scilab code Exa 8.1 Analogy between momentum and heat

Scilab code Exa 8.2 Flow in a tube

Scilab code Exa 8.3 plane plate in longitudinal flow

0.0296*( Re ) ^ -(1/5) /(1+1.75*0.87*( Re ) ^ -(1/10) *(

Scilab code Exa 10.1 Dimensional analysis

printf ( The h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t from t h e p a l t e

Scilab code Exa 11.1 Laminar heat transfer

Scilab code Exa 12.1 Film coefficient

Scilab code Exa 12.2 Vertical wall

Scilab code Exa 14.1 Radiation between two walls

q = s * e12 *(( t1 +460) ^4 -( t2 +460) ^4) ;

Scilab code Exa 14.2 Radiation of flames

q = p * s * e * A *(( t1 +460) ^4 -( t2 +460) ^4) ;

Scilab code Exa 14.3 Heat transfer coefficient for radiation

printf ( The c o v e c t i v e s u r f a c e have g r e a t e r h e a t

Scilab code Exa 16.1 Diffusion

D = m * R *( T +460) * l /( p *144* log ( p /( p - p1 ) ) ) ;

Scilab code Exa 16.2 Evaporation rate

printf ( The r a t e o f amount o f w a t e r e v a p o r a t e d p e r

Scilab code Exa 16.3 Evaporation of water into air

q1 = 2* %pi 0.27 k * sqrt ( m ) * th ( I2 l2 * m * K1 * l1 - K2 * l2 * m *

q1 = 2* %pi 0.27 k * sqrt ( m ) * th ( I2 l2 * m * K1 * l1 - K2 * l2 * m *

0.0296( Re ) ^ -(1/5) /(1+1.750.87( Re ) ^ -(1/10) (

D = m * R ( T +460) l /( p 144 log ( p /( p - p1 ) ) ) ;