FUNDAMENTOS QUMICOS DE

LA INGENIERA

PRCTICAS A REALIZAR

1. Sntesis de colorantes azoicos.

2. Velocidad de reaccin.
3. Separacin de compuestos orgnicos por cromatografa.
4. Medida de la actividad de los metales.
5. Determinacin de la dureza de aguas.

!
"
#
!

$ $%&
'&$

((

&$*$&
+

)
!

,
-

#
+

!
&$/0 1 /2$2 3 4

&$15 $6 7&

&

0:8
,

:8

;,

;8

89# &

0
<
<
<
+

! =>

?@ -

,
,

$ $%C
E&$

;88
B
D

)
:

B0
-!

#
FGH
/
/

"

!
-!

)
0

;8H = I A

'&

:8

$ 2/ 0$

;:

0
;:

!" "!

"#$ $
0:8

K
K
-

:8 )
J: )

"

J:
K

"

0:8
K

!
-!

"&" '"

;8

!$

)
!

)
K
-

"

;8

"

08

;88

+
=$ # A

?@ -

"

)
+

"&" '"
0:

'&
89# +

D8

,
$ #

K
!

N
;8
O

?@ -

-!

P$

P
P

K
"

*+ ,

= Q

$/0

,
-

"0

!" "!

$/0
- -

"#$ $
#

-!

/
"

+ 89#

089# ,
89#

10

"&" '"

<

!$

K
+

$$%
&

/#
-!
&
!
!
/

+
-

- -

"

,
O

?@ 20

"&" '"

<

!
+

K
!

'&

,
$ 2/
K

,
O

?@ -

,
,
K
,
-

F89#
+

<

&
&

"

.
R,

0 R,

D R,
L R,
:

R,

RU
S

$ $&

-!

S
$

&

J R,

K
S

V R

F W
;8 R,

S(

! K

SW

3
3

!$2 "

& "22 4
!

/
(
"

)
O

,
+

= A

"

"

)
!

,
,
+
4

X4

6
4

=
=X4

]
A
+

=
<

"

AI

!
= A

4;6
"
= A

= A

4(&6

A
=

B
4(&6

6
4

"
=

,
4

[ ][

]
4 6

)
4

4 6

=0A6 ,
= A,

X4

=?A ,

X4
X4

"

6
6I 4

=0A6

? (
K
)

)
#
=

,
-

! 4 6
X4
X4

6
X4

6
X4

4
!

6
K =

6A )

"
!$'56 ( 2$

,
!
=

=;A

=LA

,
=LA

=;A
!

,
&

&

. $#(2$B $
4

A
4

=;A6
A

=LA6

4
-

=;A
=LAB
,

X4

X4

]= [

6
-

)
B

] = [

+
4 6
)

4 6 4
4
6
=0A
K

!
%
%

7
" &"!

&<
&[
&<
&.
&<
%

B#
0:8 )
08 )

0:8

;88

&$ 62 $

& =$/LA0+02V
& =$/LA0+2L
& $ 0+02D

"

;88

:8

6 4+02\%
6

& >(
& >#
& / (0
&
&

8
8

$!62 $

56 9"

:& :"&"&

+
A,

=$/LA0+02V 8 ;88 T ;88

A]

>( 8 088 T ;88

A .
A#

$ 0+02D 8 88: T ;88

># 8 088 T :8 )

A+

=$/LA0+2L 8 ;88 T :8

;8
$_`< 2

;88

;88
:8

)T( a$B ,
-

,
80
;88 )
0:8

)A

O
-

0:8

0:8
)

O
=

0:8

BT
8 88;
-

: &"2 $

&T
&T

?#

&+

; )
?

B
; T

08

>(

0 T

? ;8

$ 0+02D

L + O
: T

# 08

=$/LA0+02V
=

G
. T, ` .<` B )
.
,
(

!
- "
-

J 2
=

"

;8 [ !
&
,
>#

08

) #

=$/LA0+02L
>(
08 )
=$/LA0+02L
K
? K

#2$# $.` #(a$ (a$(# B ,

>#)
=$/LA0+02L
!
#&
(
+02V&

!
K
#

># =$/LA0+02V B ;8
)
+
+02L&
)
!

)
`
.

;
;

;8
- .
:

;% :b

;% #

>(

#
:b #

>#

=$/LA0+02V

=$/LA0+02L

#
=c2 d

!
O

#
. ?)

T e#) + `

##(2$ $. + ] .( T,2+

,
#

##(2$

>(

>#

=$/LA0+02V

=$/LA0+02L

8 088 T

8 088 T

8 ;88 T

8 ;88 T

08

&

;8

08

08

;0

;:

08

&

08

&

&

;8

;8

&

;:

08

;:

;8

?B ;8B ;8

&
:

) $ 0+02D 8 88: T

;
;

$2

&"2 $

2 "! <= !$2 "

& "22 4

(
081081;8*:8

(&

) )

[ ]=

[
]

]=

+02V&

]=

]=

B
'(#" + () *'
"#$% &'

;: ;
#

;: 0
. ?) ;: 0
#2$# $.` #(2$ + ($(#( ) + ] [ )2#(
!

, "'

`
"

##(2$
"

;
0

&

& "22 4

4#.% .)/
; 0 D #

[ ] =[ ]

[
,

] =[

[ ]

('$

+ ('$

B
=

B
('$

('$ + ('$

B
('$
('$
('$ ('$
=
('$
=

('$

.
#

;: 0

R+

S
;

"

= !$2 "

4#.% .)/

[ ] [

: /

6B

;: D
. ?) ;: D
[ )2#(

#2$+. $.
01 1
, "'

##(2$

01 1

'(

"

"

;
0
D
L
:
,

G
=

GB

"
#

[ ][

#&)'

; : #
"

=.

!
;: 0A

)
.

3
>

3
&$(" $?&"@"

3
" $&2 4

)
B ; 9A
0 9A
"

"
!

!
"

?
=

)
=

)
[

f
!

B
=

A
=

K
:$

A
" $&1

,
<
B
+
+
+

!
K

K
K

,
<

V ;8

<

O
"

$
$

"
A

"

A
$!=
-

$
_
,

<
B
g
g

g
":"2 "

g
g

" $&2 4

-"
g

g
g

g
g

!$ 2$(:6 $ $&?A 2$

"
O

B
h
-

"!

&$(" $?&"@"
)

g
g-

-!
g-

2":"@ "

!
O

K
)

;F:8

"

!
"
!
B

K
"

<
-

!
)

)
=

O
.
"

"
"

- - -

)
!

!
"

!
;

D )
)
!

!
)

!
?

"
+

"

B
45 =

3"2 .)' *#.'**)&' 2'* #( .' 2%#" '

3"2 .)' *#.'**)&' 2'* #( &)"'( # #

`
"

;A
0A
DA
LA #
:A T
GA [

&
`

`
)
-

- =
:

A )

7
" &"!
[

0:8

,
#
.

&$ 62 $
$
#
T
.

:"&"2 4
6 "( #2!"
2":"@ "

"#6!

! $< "&" '"

!$:$&2&$(" $?&"@"

B
A ;8

0:

A :8

0:

A ;8

:8

)
)
0:

)
L " ;8

,
K!
"

A=
;8

A
"

+
=

K
A

K
"

A
-

+
-

0:8
:

)
+
-

+
"

O
`

`
"

"
Biiiiiiiii
#
$
$

Bi
`

!
)

&

&B

"

$C

"

,
4 9 &$ $ D-)

"

B
=/D21 * ;8&JA
=$ > # A .

!# (#" %6 . ) '" `
!
,

$
"

`
7

=/D21 j ;8&JA
,
$

!# (#" . ) '" `

`
BT

. # ^ T

9 "
!# (#" ' . ) '"
,
$
=
)
,A

$ +

7 9

`
"

O
A (

B#

"
!
"

"

"

%B
&

"

2B(
=

)B
&_
& T

=;G
"

";:8

B ,
"

&T
&_
&,
&`

Be T

8B
&h
&$
&+
&$
&$
&$

-!

B /# G$
B T =$2DA0 8 ; T
B e +2L 8 ; T
B , =$2DA0 8 ; T
B # =$2DA0 8 ; T
B $2D 8 ; T

;B
C: &(
+

$
0

0
"

L
B

.
.
.
.

B e = A 1 D ) $2D 8 ; T
0B # = A 1 D ) e +2L 8 ; T
DB e = A 1 D ) # =$2DA0 8 ; T
LB # = A 1 D ) $8D 8 ; T

;8
O

B
`

G=
C: &(
,

, =$2DA0

T =$2DA0

$%

K
V
B

# =$2DA0

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

;B T
0B T
DB ,
LB ,
:B #
GB #
JB e
VB e

1D
1D
1D
1D
1D
1D
1D
1D

) , =$2DA0
) # =$2DA0
) # =$2DA0
) T =$2DA0
) , =$2DA0
) T =$2DA0
) T =$2DA0
) , =$2DA0

;8
O

B
`

G=
C: &(

$)
-

#
D

/# G T

<

G
:*#. %.)' #" &# "#$%*)& &;
" "'(%.)' #" .' .# * & " &# <.)&'" 6= "#" "' 2#()$*'" " 2%#&# 2*'&%.)*
%# &%* " # .' . ' .' ( 2)#(>: * "%
)2%( .)/ &#=# % )()? * $% #">
3 . "' &# % " (2). &%* ..)&# ( ( * ( 2)#( 5#. & .' $% =% & #>
@ ' ('" *#")&%'" &# ( " "'(%.)' #" # <(). " .' ' ('" 2*'2)'" # (#" "'
2#()$*'"'" 2 * #( #&)'
=)# # 2'* (' %# &#=# *#.'$#*"# # .' # #&'*#"
#"2#.) (#" 2 * "% 2'" #*)'* $#" )/ >

FB
C: &(
&#

$
.

"

@ =(
@%='

="#* .)' #"

3(# # ' 'A)& &'

3(# # ' *#&%.)&'

;0&

@%=' ;BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
@%=' ;BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
@%=' ;BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
@%=' ;BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

;D&#
@%='

@%='

@%='

;L&2

@%='

BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB

C: &(

$%

0;&

. ?) 0
@ =(

@%='

="#* .)' #"

00&2

4# ..)/ %# )# # (%$ * 3(# # ' 'A)& &'

3(# # ' *#&%.)&'

BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBBBB

C: &(
D

&#

$)
.

@%=' ;BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
@%=' ;BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
@%=' ;BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
@%=' ;BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

D0 #

L
@%='

DD& 2
"

@%='

@%='

@%='

/ ;8k
-

BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB BBBBBBBBB

;
3

3 G
.

`
3
) 6& #"
"

!"?6"
# #2D

I)

8
-

I)
"

B
B
,
B

"
$

B
*

+ O

O
# #2D

8&J:
J:&;:8
;:8&D88 = !

j D88

2$(:!'"2 4
T -

56 !" $
=

)
=

. A

.
" ( ((
(((
+
. =$ 0& . A

.
#

"

/L]

!
;B;
B
T

10

1 ]&L T ]&0

1D

1 ]&L

10

1 ]&L # ]&0

]&;

1 ]&L

]&D

)
#

10

10

/
&( "2 4

!" 6& #" $ "!

=

. = $.A

"
/(

&0

/ ;8 18 ;
/

/ ;8
# #2D

10

T =2/A0

10

B
#

10

1T

10

,'('* ?%(

1 $. 1

= / ;8A 4# &T &&& $.6

,' 2(#C' 2D*2%*

&D

4# &T &&& $.6 1

4# &T &&&

. 6 1 $.

#
.

.
#

10

. &T

&( "2 4

10

. &#

10

1 #

1 T

10

B
4# &&&

10
10

* ;8;8 J

. 6

4T &&&

. 6

* ;8V J

!" 6& #" 1 ""!2"!2 $

.
O

/ ;8
=;0&;DA

T =2/A0

%*#A)&

&( "2 4

10

!" 6& #" 1 ""!("?

)
# #2DA

10

$
= "

I)

(
#

^ =0A ^ =DA ,

$ e
0H

7
" &"!

&<

;88

&<
&

;8
-

0:8

=
A
F0H

&<

0:

&<
&<

;88

&<

0:8

&<
&<
&<
&,

&<

&<
&$ 62 $
&(
&T

.
"

&.

D8H =[I[A

&+

/ ;8

&.

"((( =$ 0&
A

. A=

&+

&#

$/L#

0-

;8:9#

$/D G$

&#
&+

-!

&(

/#) G$
"

&+

"

>2/

08H =,I[A

&
&
)

>

;&

.
+

N
T

0&

>

,/

ff
!

D & `2 ( ` W

;FFL

+.T ;;0G&F0
f ,#^ T
+
+

;FF0
2

;FV;

8
& :"&"2 4

2" $& &$2&$($ ?&$

;88
8;

& :"&"2 4

!" $!62 4 16@@&

:- H

;88 ) G :G
;88 )

& :"&"2 4
,

) ;:

!" $!62 4

8 FD

$ 0&

"%B

$/L#

:J

HH

0:8

:8

.
-

.
=+

A
&( "2 4
T

!" 6& #" $ "!

;88 )
0:8 )
; )

!"(6 &"

"?6"
;88

;8
/ ;8

)
$/D G$

/#) G$
.

0
.

#
80
&( "2 4
T

;88

!" 6& #"2A!2 2"

!"(6 &"

"?6"

;88
0:8

"

/
"

0&D
;0
=

)
;D

D8H =[I[A
>2/
>2/
A .

08H =,I[A
"
.

8;
-

#
80
;

#
=

I)

# #2D A

I)

= I)
# #2DA

# #2DA

. ?)

.2+

= )A

;88

0
;88

8 8; $

8 8; $

= )A =[.A
#

10

=[# A

 (  ( 
meq/L (Ca2+ y Mg2+ ) =


 (Ca2+ y Mg2+ )

[. *

    

!#"$&%'

-./ 01   2

3!"4$5%'

*
, (Ca2+)
[# *

*)+!#"$&%
76 $&28%9:"5%;
76 $&28%3)<= )%%;?>@%2ACB

.
.

$ *$

.
T

10

&

10

6!" $
=

I)
#
T

# #2DA =
10

10

I)

# #2DA =

I)

# #2DA =

F
B R#
# #2DS R
S
% B RU

"

I)