Note: For a 100 rpm of the shaft. It can produce a voltage of 3.8 V.

(Data from the Hydraulics Laboratory)

Gear Train and Dynamo Ratio

Gear on Dynamo = 10 Teeth
Gear 1 = 36 teeth
Gear 2 = 15 teeth
Gear 3 = 37 teeth
Rps of shaft = .55 rps
Note that Gear 3 is directly connected to the shaft
Gear 3 to Gear 2
.55 rps (37 teeth) = n2 (15 teeth)
n2 = 1.35 rps
Gear 2 to Gear 1
1.35 rps (15 teeth) = n3 (36 teeth)
n3 = .5625 rps
Gear 1 to Gear on Dynamo
.5625 rps (36 teeth) = nD (10 teeth)
nD = 2.025 rps
Force
F = P(A)
F = 1270pa x 8.1x10-3m2
F = 11 N

Torque
F = T/r
T = Fr
T = 11N x 0.02032 m
T = .22N.m
Shaft Power
P=T
P = .22N.m x .55rps
P = .121 Watts
Velocity
v=xr
v = (.55rps) x 0.02032m
v = .011 m/s
Volumetric flow
Q1 =

VD 2
4

Q1 =

( .028s m ) ( ) (.1016 )

Q1 = 8.92x10-5 m3/s
Head
H=

P
+z+

V
2 g - hf

Where;
H = total head
P = pressure of water at 0.127 m which is equal to 1.270kPa
= unit weight of water which is equal to 10kN/m3

Z = potential head which is equal to .127 m

V = velocity of water which is equal to .011 m/s

g = gravity

Head loss
8 fL Q 2
hf = g 2 D 2
where f = 64/RE
L = length of pipe
Q = Volumetric flow rate
g = Gravitational constant
D = Diameter of pipe

Reynolds Number
vD

RE =
Where:

v is the Velocity of water which is equal to .05 m/s

D is the diameter of the pipe which is equal to .1016 m
is the kinematic viscosity which is equal to .849 m 2/s
By substituting the values
RE = 5.98x10-3
Since we get the value of RE and by doing the operation we get an h f of 2.8x10-3m.
by substituting the values we get a H of .25m
Water power
P=

gQH

P = 1020 kg/m3 (9.81m/s)(8.92x10-5 m3/s)(.25m)

P = .22 Watts

TRIAL

Wave

Voltage

Shaft

Water

Water

Shaft

Shaft

NO.

Height,

Reading,

Rotationa

Velocity,

Volume Flow

Torque,

Power,

l Speed,

Rate,

F
Ac

Tu

rpm

m/s

m3/s

N-m

.254

2.2

57.8

.02

1.62x10-4

.416

.4

.4572

2.9

76

.025

2.09x10-4

.74

.93

.2032

2.18

57.3

.019

1.54x10-4

.33

.315

.7112

3.4

89

.03

2.43x10-4

1.16

1.71

.127

1.28

33

.011

8.92x10-5

.22

.121

Table 1

Voltage vs. RPM

4
3.4

3.5
2.9

3
2.5

Voltage

2.18

2.2

57.3

57.8

2
1.5
1.28
1
0.5
0
33

RPM

Voltage vs. RPM graph

Table 2
RPM vs. Shaft Torque

76

89

RPM vs. Shaft Torque

1.4
1.16

1.2
1
0.74

0.8

RPM

0.6
0.4
0.22
0.2
0
33

0.42

0.33

57.3

57.8

76

89

Shaft Torque (N.m)

Shaft Torque

Table 3
Shaft Torque vs. Force

Shaft Torque vs. Force

60
50
40
30
2011
10
0

57
36.45
16.47

20.5

Shaft Torque (N.m)

Force (N)
Force

Table 4
RPM vs. Power

RPM vs. Power

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1

RPM

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
33

57.3

57.8

Power (Watts)
Power (Watts)

76

89