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11Maths_1ATAR
Sine rule
Cosine rule
By Mr. F. Li
Thursday 19th Feb 15
ST1W3

Lesson Plan 2 sine rule and cosine rule.nb

Learning Objectives

Review
Sine rule
Cosine rule
Bearing

Lesson Plan 2 sine rule and cosine rule.nb

Review
Trigonometric Functions are the

Ratios to measure and assess the properties of an angle

DefN Sin =

Opposite
y
Hypotenuse = r = y

DefN Cos =

Adjacent
x
Hypotenuse = r = x

Def N Tan =
Tan =

Opposite y
=
x
Adjacent

Sin
Cos

Sin2 + Cos 2 = 1
For supplement angles ( + = 180):
Sin (180- ) = Sin
Cos (180- ) = - Cos
Tan (180- ) = - Tan

For complementary angles ( + = 90):


Sin (90- ) = Cos
Cos (90- ) = Sin

Sine rule
For any ABC, a is the opposite side length of the angle A vice versa, we have below equations
hold true:

a
Sin A

= Sinb B = Sinc C

Sine Rule applies:


when we know 2 angles and 1 side; or
when we know 1 angle and its opposite side and another side
To Solve the triangle to find the value of 3 angles and 3 sides

Sine rule / Proof


Prove in an acute triangle

Lesson Plan 2 sine rule and cosine rule.nb

Let CD be the height of AB CD AB


Let CD = h1
In right ACD,

Apply DefN of sine, Sin CAB = Sin A =

h1
b

h1 = b Sin A ---------- 1

h1
a

h1 = a Sin B ---------- 2

In right ACD,

Apply DefN of sine, Sin ABC = Sin B =

Equation 1 = Equation 2 b Sin A = a Sin B


b Sin A = a Sin B

b Sin A
(Sin A Sin B)

b
= a
Sin B Sin A

B
= (SinaASin
Sin B)
------------------------ 3

Let CE be the height of CB CE CB


Let CD = h2
In right AEB,

Apply DefN of sine, Sin ABE = Sin B =

h2
c

h2 = c Sin B ------ 4

h2
b

h2 = b Sin C ----- 5

In right AEC,

Apply DefN of sine, Sin ACE = Sin C =

Equation 4 = Equation 5 b Sin A = a Sin B


b Sin C = c Sin B

b Sin C
(Sin B Sin C)
b
c
=
Sin B Sin C

B
= (SincBSin
Sin C)
------------------------ 6

Lesson Plan 2 sine rule and cosine rule.nb

Equation 4 = Equation 5

a
b
c
=
=
, Proved.
Sin A Sin B Sin C

Is this prove sufficient? Why ?

Sine rule / Examples


Gold rule to apply sine rule
when we know 2 angles and 1 side; or
when we know 1 angle and its opposite side and another side

Eg 1. A =25, a = 25.6 cm, b = 13.5 cm, solve the triangle?

Eg 2. C = 135, B = 15, c = 3 m, Solve the triangle ?

Eg 3. C = 120, b = 3.4 mm, a = 1.2 mm, solve the triangle? Can you use the sine rule?

Lesson Plan 2 sine rule and cosine rule.nb

Cosine rule
Cosine Rule states that for any triangle:
c2 = a2+ b2 - 2 Abe Cos C
a2 = b2+ c2 - 2 BC Cos A
b2 = a2+ c2 - 2 AC Cos B
Prove Cosine Rule in an acute triangle

C
a

Prove:

h
A

3 equations are symmetrical


If we can prove any 1 equation, another two will be approved vice versa.
Randomly we select a2 = b2+ c2 - 2 BC Cos A to approve.
Let CD be the height of AB CD AB
Let CD = h
In right ACD,

Apply DefN of Sine, Sin A =


Apply DefN of Cosine,

h
b

h = b Sin A ------------------------ 1

Cos A =

AD
b

AD = b Cos A

DB = AB - AD = c - b Cos A ----------------------------------------------- 2
In right CDB,

Apply Pythagorean Theorem, a2 = h2 + DB --------------------------- 3


Plug 1 & 2 to 3,
a2 = b2(SinA)2+ (c - b Cos A)2
Expanding = b2(SinA)2+ c2 - 2 bc Cos A + b2(Cos A)2
Grouping = b2[ (SinA)2+ (Cos A)2] + c2 - 2 bc Cos A
Apply (SinA)2+ (Cos A)2 = 1,
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2 bc Cos A is approved.
Due to the symmetry, vice versa
c2 = a2+ b2 - 2 ab Cos C is approved.
b2 = a2+ c2 - 2 ac Cos B is approved.

Lesson Plan 2 sine rule and cosine rule.nb

Is this prove sufficient? Why ?

Lesson Plan 2 sine rule and cosine rule.nb

Cosine rule cont.


Gold rules to apply cosine rule:
When we know the angle and two adjacent sides

Eg 1. AB = 2 cm, BC = 5 cm, B = 30, solve AC?

Eg 2. AD = 15 mm, DC = 7 mm, D = 130, B = 20, ACB = 30, solve AB?

Summary
Sine rule states For any ABC,

a
Sin A

= Sinb B = Sinc C

Cosine Rule states that for any ABC:


c2 = a2+ b2 - 2 Abe Cos C
a2 = b2+ c2 - 2 BC Cos A
b2 = a2+ c2 - 2 AC Cos B
Gold rules to apply sine rule:
when we know 2 angles and 1 side; or
when we know 1 angle and its opposite side and another side
Gold rule to apply cosine rule:
When we know the angle and two adjacent sides

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