Assembled By : Kawan K.

Ghafor
Building construction Department
Sulaimany University

BEND-DoubleR

WHEN IS COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT NEEDED ?

DESIGN OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
TABLES
FLOW CHART OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
USING TABLE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION

PROBLEMS
EXERCISES
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WHEN IS COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT NEEDED ?

1. If a beam section with single reinforcement has a
reinforcement ratio, , more than its maximum value, max,
for a certain bending loading, Mu.
actual GREATER THAN max

2. Practically reasons. [ Architectural Reasons].

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DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
If single reinforcement has > max
0.85 fc

cu = 0.003

As

d
Mu

d-a

As
b

CONDITION 1 :

T1
s

fs = fy

Cs

Cc

Mn1

d-d

T2
2

T1 = As1 . fs1
= As max . fy
Mn1 = T1 . (d - a)
= As max . fy (d - a)

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Mu > Mn1

Mn2

CONDITION 2 :

Cs

For compatibility condition :

d-d

Mu

= (Mn1 + Mn2) (1)

Mn2 =

T2

Mu
- Mn1 = Cs (d - d) (2)

Check whether compression steel has yielded ?

cu = 0.003

s
c - d
=
0.003
c
s = ..

s y

Check, is :
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Mn2

IF YES :

Cs = As . fy Compression steel is yield (s >Y)

C
As = s
fy
C s = A s f s

IF NO : Compression steel is not yield (s Y)

fs = s . Es
C s = A s . f s
As = C
s
fs
The value of As needed for the section is :

d-d

T2 = As2 fy

Mn2

As = As1 + As2
Where : As1 = As max
As2 = T2 / fy
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See Condition 2
Cs = As fs
d-d

Mn2
2

T2 = As2 fy

Cs = T2
* If compression steel is yield :
As . fy = As2 . fy
As2 = As . fy
fy

then :

As2 = As
* If compression steel is not yield :
As . fs = As2 . fy
As2 = As .

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then :
fs
fy
7

DESIGN OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT

cu = 0.003

As
d

Mu

c
As

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Cs

Cc

d-a

Mn1

T1
s

0.85 fc

d-d

T2

fs = fy
1

Mn2

FLOW CHART OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT DESIGN

USING TABLE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION
START

Define : b, d, d (trial & errors)

Calculate loads and Mu

Finish

Calculate : Mn = Mu /
Rn =

As = . b . d
As = (/) . As

Mn
bd2

Select appropriate /
See Table to find
found
1
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Not found

SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS

Time frame : 15 Minutes

The solutions are on the last

pages of this presentation

1.

cu = 0.003

d
As
As
b

c
h d

c = 120 mm
d = 720 mm
d = 80 mm
fc = 25 MPa
fy = 400 MPa
b = 400 mm
h = 800 mm

a. Check the compression steel whether it is yield or not.

b. Check the section, is it in UNDER-REINFORCED condition ?
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10

2.

If b, fc, fy, and Mu are known, calculate the

reinforcement area, As, needed for this
rectangular beam with single reinforcement
as drawn so that the depth of beam, h, is
minimum.

h
Mu

As
b

Use design table to count the ultimate

moment that can be carried by this section.

3.
As
h
As

Mu

b
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fc
d/d
h
As
As

= 20 MPa
= 0.2
= 500 mm
= 4 D22
= 2 D22

fy = 400 MPa
b = 200 mm

11

EXERCISES
1.
Mu
300
150

150

200

2.

Mu

400
400

3.
Mu = 125 kNm

500

300

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fc = 20 MPa ; fy = 240 MPa

Tension steel = 4 16
How much Mu that could be carried by
this triangular section ?
fc = 25 MPa ; fy = 400 MPa
Compression steel = 2 16
Tension steel = 4 16
How much Mu that could be carried by
this section ?
fc = 20 MPa ; fy = 400 MPa
/ = 0.5
How much are As and As needed ?
End of presentation

12

SOLUTION
1. a. Is compression steel yield yet ?
cu = 0.003
d

As

40
h

120
600

As
s
b

s
0.003
s

40
=
120
= 0.001
y = fy = 400
= 0.002
Es
200.000

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s < y Compression steel is not yield13

b. Is section in UNDER-REINFORCED Condition ?

s
0.003
=
600
120
s = 0.015 > y ( = 0.002)
Tension steel is yield.
The section is in UNDER-REINFORCED Condition.
2. h = minimum, if As = maximum.
max = 0.75 bal
= .
As max = max . b . d
Mu
fy
bd2 = . 0.8 . fy (1 - 0.588 f )
c
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14

3. /
f c
fy
d/d
As

=
=
=
=
=
=

0.5
20 MPa
400 MPa
0.20
mm2
As = ..
bd
From Table 2.4 (Copy Sheet) or Table 5.3b (CUR 4) is found :
Mn
= .
2
bd
Mn = .
Mu = Mn = . kNm

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15