Self study

Topic : GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite

System)

What is GNSS?

It is a satellite system that is used to pinpoint the

geographic location of a users receiver anywhere in
world

There are two GNSS systems currently in use

1.USA
2.RUSSIA

The above picture shows the navigational satellites of

different country. We can see that these satellites are at
a particular height. This layer is called MEO(medium earth
orbit). That is it lies between 2000km to 36000km.
Most common altitude is approximately 20200km which
yields orbital period of 12 hours. So looking on these
conditions the satellite is launched at a specific velocity.
At space its centripetal force is balanced by gravitational
force of earth.

After reaching the space by given conditions it is used to

know the position of particals on earth by sending and
recieveing signals. The particle distance can be found by
triangulation method.

Triangulation is a method of measuring a point by

knowing the angles from known points at either end of
fixed baseline.
Here the unknown point is a particle and known fixed
points, that is satellites than the distance of a particle is
measured by using formula

In the formula
l:distance between satellites
d:perpendicular distance of a point from line l
:angle subtended by a ray from satellite to the line l
:angle subtended by a ray from satellite to line l.

GNSS applications :
In vehicle steering: GNSS vehicle guidance automatically
steers the vehicle along all or part of its travel path and
can also control an agricultural operations. This system
includes a GNSS reciver and antenna for determining the
vehicles instantaneous position ,a guidance CPU and
automatic steering subsystem integrated with the
vehicles electrical power system.
The automatic steering subsystem can be interfaced with
steering column,thereby steering the vehicle according to
instructions received from CPU based upon the vehicle
position and predetermined path.

GNSS Surveying using SP80:

The spectra precision SP80 is a GNSS receiver. It uses
unique Z-blade system to track and process cell available
GNSS signals, to provide the most reliable measurements
and highest possible accuracies. Using this we can find
the area of a land accurately.

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RAVIKIRAN
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