Wipro GE Medical Systems

___________________________________________

SERVICE MANUAL
FOR DX 300
X – RAY UNIT

MANUFACTURED BY GE MEDICAL SYSTEM

X – RAY SOUTH ASIA

 The information contained herein is presented only as a guide for the applications of our products. No responsibility is
assumed by GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS, X-RAY (S.A) for any infringements of patents or other rights of the third
parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent
rights of GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS, X-RAY (S.A) or others.
 The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. It is therefore advisable to contact GE
MEDICAL SYSTEMS, X-RAY (S.A) before proceeding with the design of equipment incorporating this product.

1 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

THEORY
The working of this unit can be explained by using following blocks.

• Three Lamp voltmeter

• Kvp selection & Kvp metering
• Rotor Circuit & its interlocks.
• Filament Circuit.
• Bucky circuit & its interlock
• Fluoro timer circuit.
• Radiographic Timer circuit.
• Ma Metering circuit.
• Instantaneous Tube Over - Load Protector.

2 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

This X-Ray generator can support two X-ray tubes, one at a time. The over couch tube is
used for Radiographic examinations where as under couch tube is used for fluoroscopic
examinations. The X ray tubes used in this generator are rotating anode with two focii,
the small focus & the large focus.
The filament current (Voltage supplied to filament of the tube) determines the out put
current of the X-Ray tube.
The voltage supplied to the primary of the HT transformer (Generally referred to as P1
P2 voltage) determines the Kilovoltage applied across the Anode & Cathode of the X-
Ray tube.
Closing the P1P2 circuit for the desired time controls the duration of X-Ray output from
the tube. The P1P2 circuit is closed with the help of magnetic Contactor.

AUTO TRANSFORMER

Refer sheet no 1 of the circuit diagram.

In coming line voltage is connected to 30 L1 & 30 L2 (1,E & 1,H) terminals. The auto
transformer 60 T1 (7A to 7 H ) is energised by supplying incoming line voltage thru
contacts of line contactor 30 K1 ,( 4 D & 4 H ) & voltage compensator switch 90 S2
( 4 D ). The voltage compensator switch selects the appropriate tap of autotransformer
so that the volts per turn for the autotransformer is maintained. The three-lamp voltmeter
helps the operator in selecting the proper tap.

THREE LAMP VOLTMETER.

Refer Sheet no 9 of the circuit Diagram

This circuit helps in deciding the correct compensation for the incoming line voltage.
There are three L.E.D. s (Light Emitting Diodes) provided on the control panel.

When the incoming line voltage is under compensated i.e. the voltage between tap no 1
& 28 is less than 230 V (+ / - 3 V) the Orange LED turns ON, indicating that the incoming
voltage is LOW, turn the switch 90-S2 in clockwise direction.

When the incoming line voltage is over compensated i.e. the voltage between tap no 1 &
28 is more than 230 V (+ / - 3 V) the Red LED turns ON, indicating that the incoming
voltage is HIGH, turn the switch 90-S2 in counter clockwise direction.

When the incoming line voltage is correctly compensated i.e. the voltage between tap no
1 & 28 is equal to 230 V (+ / - 3 V) the GREEN LED turns ON, indicating that the
incoming voltage is correctly compensated, no need to turn the switch 90-S2 in any
direction.

3 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

Primary of the transformer 60 T3 is connected across the tap no 1 & 28 of the main
autotransformer. Secondary winding no2 generates the signal voltage proportional to
voltage across the tap no 1 & 28.

Secondary winding # 1 is used for getting + / - 12 V stable voltage. This supply is used
for powering the comparator IC – 71 IC1 – (10 D & 10 E) & supplying reference voltages
to the comparator IC.

Resistors 71 R8, R9 & R10 (16 B – 16 G) are connected in series to have a potential
divider chain. Taking voltages across the resistor 71 R9 generates two reference
voltages. The lower end of the resistor 71 R9 – is at approximately 9.44 volts and
The upper end of the resistor 71 R9 is at 9.68 Volts. (Approx.). Reference 9.44 volts
corrosponds to 227 volts & Reference 9.68 corrospond to 233 volts across tap no 1 & 28
of the autotransformer.

The 71 IC1 ( 10 C ) has two opamps . The signal proportional to voltage across the tap
no 1& 28 is connected to inverting input of op amp A & to non-inverting input of op amp B.
The higher reference proportional to 233 v is connected to inverting input of op amp B &
The lower reference proportional to 227 v is connected to non- – inverting input of
Op amp A.

Depending upon the incoming line voltage & the position of the voltage compensator
switch the voltage between tap no 1 & 28 will vary.

If the voltage is more than 233 volts , the signal voltage will be more than both the
reference voltages .The output pin of opamp A will be at –12 v & that of opamp B will be
at + 12 V . Transistors 71 Q3 & Q4 (13, D & 15 C) will be ON, as base emitter junction of
both of the transistors will be forward biased. Transistor 71 Q3 will turn on the RED LED
80 LED 3 (13,C). Transistor 71 Q4 will keep the GREEN LED (80 LED 2) off.

Similarly if the voltage is less than 227 volts, the signal voltage will be less than both the
reference voltages .The output pin of opamp A will be at +12 v & that of opamp B will be
at - 12 V. Transistors 71 Q1 & Q2 (12, C & 13 D) will be on as base emitter junction of
both of the transistors will be forward biased. Transistor 71 Q1 will turn on the ORANGE
LED 80 LED 1 (12,C ). Transistor 71 Q2 will keep the GREEN LED(80 LED 2) off.

If the voltage is between 227 V to 233 volts, the signal voltage will be less than the
higher reference voltages (corrosponding to 233 v), but higher than the lower reference
voltage (corrosponding to 227 v). The output pins of opamp A and B will be at - 12 V.
Transistors 71 Q1 & Q2 (12, C & 13 D) and 71 Q3 & Q4 (13, D & 15 C)
Will be OFF as base emitter junctions of all the transistors will be reverse biased. Since
transistors 71 Q2 & 71 Q 4 will go OFF, the GREEN LED (80 LED 2) will turn ON.

Thus the GREEN LED turns on only when the voltage across the tap no 1 & 28 is
between 227 to 233 volts.

Once the voltage compensator switch is adjusted to turn ON the GREEN LED, all the
taps of the autotransformer will give the desired output voltages.

4 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

KVP SELECTION.

Refer Sheet no 1 of the circuit Diagram.

To produce X Rays having enough penetrating power high voltage is required to be

impressed across the Anode & the Cathode of the X Ray Tube . This high voltage is
generally measured in KVP ( Kilo Volts Peak ) The high voltage varies from 40 KVP to
100 KVP .
A low voltage is selected with the help of tap switches, and is fed to the primary of step
up transformer. The stepped up voltage is rectified with the help of HV Rectifier diodes.

This unit is capable of selecting the KVP from 40 to 100 , in steps of 1 kvp each.

The main auto transformer 60 T1 has 4 windings.

Winding no 1 & no 2 is used for supplying the voltage proportional to selected KVP to the
primary of the HT transformer. Winding no1 & no2 are isolated windings .From Tap no 3
to tap no 31, 12 different taps are connected to 90 S - 3 , Major KVP Selector Switch.
( 14 C to 14 E ) Tap no 3 has 67.5 volts where as tap no 31 has 244 .5 volts. With the
help of 90 S – 3 switch one can select 67.5 volts to 244.5 volts in step of 16.5 volts.
The winding no 2 of 60 T1 has 12 taps , having voltages from 0 volts to 16.5 volts in
steps of 1.5 volts. ( tap no 33 to tap no 44 ) the common of the Major Kvp Selector
Switch is connected to the tap no 33 of the #2 winding of 60 T1.All the 12 taps of this
winding are connected to 12 positions of the Minor Kvp Selector Switch 90 s – 4
( 11 A to 11 C ) .The common of the Minor KVP Selector Switch is connected to the one
end of the magnetic contacor.
With this arrangement of selecting the voltage it is possible to select any voltage from
67.5 to 261 V, in steps of 1.5 Volts.

KVP METERING CIRCUIT.

Refer Sheet no 8 7 10 of the circuit diagram.

This circuit performs following functions.
1) Displays the KVP , that will be applied to the X Ray Tube .
2) Keeps the display reading same during exposure , even though the signal proportional to KVP
varies.

As mentioned earlier, the primary of the HT transformer is supplied with voltage selected with the
help of Major KVP selector Switch & Minor KVP Selector Switch. This voltage decides the KVP
that will be applied across the X Ray Tube.
The KVP will depend on
1) The turns ratio of HT transformer.
2) The voltage drop in the Line – which depends on the current in the stystem.
3) The voltage drop in the control- – which depends on the technic used .
4) The voltage drop in the HT transformer itself.- which depends on the technic used .

5 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

This makes the system complex. As we know that there are four mA technics available with this
unit, the voltage drops will be different at different mA technics. The voltage drop will be more
for higher mA technics than at lower mA technics and hence for the same P1 P2 voltage, KVP
obtained at different mA technics will be different.

The primary of the transformer 60 T2 ( 4, D to 4 , H- sheet no 8 ) is connected across P2 &

common of Minor KVP Selector Switch. The secondary winding has different taps. A voltage
proportional to P1P2 is available at the secondary of this transformer. Depending upon the Ma
station selected , the voltage for KVP display circuit is tapped of. After rectifying this voltage
three resistors – 21 R8 , R10 & R11(11 A to 11 D ) are connected in series . Voltage across the
resistor 21 R11 charges the capacitor 81 C 6 ( refer Sheet no 10 at 4, H ) thru a Normally Closed
contact of Relay 40 k8 –c. IC 81 IC - 7 is an unity gain amplifyer. This IC amplifies the signal &
connects to input pin no 31 of 81 IC 13. This IC converts the analog signal to Digital & drives
the three 7 segment displays to read the KVP.IC 7107 ( 81 IC 13 ) requires +/ - 5 Volt supply ,
which is generated using winding no 4 of transformer 60 T3.
Following are the readings observed for 70 KVP setting at different Ma Station.
These readings can be used as a guide line.If the line resistance is more than 0.38 Ohm , higher
voltages will be required at P1 P2 terminal to get 70 KVP.

Technic Expected P1 P2 No Load Voltage Expected Voltages at sec of 60 T2

F 154 Volts AC
50 - S 142 V AC At tap no 15 – 13..5 Volts Approx
100 – S 150 V AC At Tap No 13 – 13.8 volts Approx
200 – L 162 V AC At Tap No 10 – 13.9 volts Approx
300 - L 190 V AC At Tap No 6 – 14.0 volts Approx

ROTOR CIRCUIT & ITS INTERLOCKS

Refer Sheet no 4 of the circuit diagram.

Functioning of a rotor of a x ray tube is similar to that of a single phase induction motor.
The stator has two windings , main & auxiliary winding. To start the rotation of the Rotor
the stator is supplied with 230 volts for 0.8 sec duration & then it is reduced to 56 Volts.

Two interlocks are introduced in the exposure circuit to protect the X Ray tube. The
interlocks ensure that exposure does not start if rotor is stationary.

The common terminal of the Stator – labeled as “ O “ is connected to 230 V AC bar thru
NC – Normally Closed, contact of Relay 40 K12 ( 8 B )The other end of the main winding
gets 0 V Ac , thru the Normally Open contact of Rotor Start Relay, 40 K8. The Phase
shift capacitor is connected in series with the auxiliary winding or the Phase shift

6 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

winding. The primary of the current Transformer is connected in series with the Phase
Shift winding.

In the Radiographic Mode, after pressing the ST BY Switch , Rotor start relay 40 K8
(refer sheet 3 at 6,C ) picks up, provided the selected technic (ma , Kvp & Time) does
not exceed the Tube rating. The Normally Open contact of the K8 relay closes and
connects 0 V AC to the stator winding of the Tube. The current flowing thru the phase
shift winding is sensed by the primary of the current transformer. The secondary of the
current transformer circulates the current, thru rectifier bridge & thru the coil of the relay
40 K64( 12,J ). The relay K4 energises . Its Normally Open contact closes & connects
18 Volts DC supply to the timer circuit ( Refer sheet no 6 at 4,B ) The Normally Closed
Contact opens & the capacitor 25 C3 ( 4.B ) starts charging. The resistor 25 R9
decides the charging current. The resistor 25 R9 is adjusted in such a way that after 0.8
seconds the transistor 25 Q9 turns ON , there by energising the Relay 40 K 12 ( (6 , D ).
The NC ( Normally Closed ) contact of the relay opens & cuts off the 230 V supply to
Stator. The NO ( Normally Open ) contact of the relay 40 K 12 ( Refer sheet 4 at 9, B )
closes and 67.5 volts are supplied to the stator.The stator current flows thru a resistor
43 R3 ( 9,D ) . The voltage drop across this resistor is rectified & given to the coil of
relay 40 K5. The energisation of the relay 40 K5 ensures that change over of voltage
supply from 230 v to 56 v has taken place. The NO contact of the relay 40 K5 (3,E)
ensures that Exposure Start relay 40 K3 – does not pick up unless the change over relay
operates. The relays 40 K4 & K5 are Rotor protector Relays. The contacts of these
relays protects the tube from getting accidentally exposure started with stationary Anode.

FILAMENT CIRCUIT.

A Constant Voltage Transformer is provided to handle the filament current of the X Ray
Tube. After switching ON the control the operator adjusts the voltage compensator
switch to calibrate the Auto Transformer. During the exposure due to high current flowing
thru the system , the 230 V bar will drop down , depending upon the current flowing thru
the system & the resistance of the system. If the 230 V bar drops down , the current
flowing thru the filament of the X Ray tube will drop down . the lower filament current will
result in lower X ray Tube current. Lower X ray tube current will lower the system current
& drop in the 230 v bar will be lower. This will increase the filament current there by
increase in the X Ray tube current. This will result in variation in X Ray tube current & will
affect the quality of the Radiograph. To have the constant X Ray Tube current , the
filament current has to be constant. The CVT provides constant voltage to the filament
circuit. A series resistor is connected in the filament circuit.32 R6 . This resistor is called
as Stand By resistor.
The out put of the CVT is connected to the Filament circuit thru Stand By resistor. As
soon as the control is switched ON , the filament circuit gets voltage ( 230 v – drop in the
St - By resistor ). This reduced voltage is for Pre Heating the filament of the X Ray Tube.
Normally Open contact of a relay is connected across the St – By relay closes after
pressing the St By switch and full voltage is gets applied to the filament of the X Ray
tube .

7 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

SPACE CHARGE TRANSFORMER.

The space charge transformer is provided in the filament circuit for compensating the
space charge effect. The 230 V out put of the CVT is connected to the one end of the
secondary winding of the space charge transformer Its secondary winding generates a
voltage . The polarity of the voltage is such that it gets added when selected KVP is less
than base KVP & gets subtracted when the selected KVP is more than the base KVP. At
base KVP neither voltage is added nor it is subtracted.
Different taps are used for different mA stations. The compensated Voltage ( 230 + or –
the space charge compensation ) is further dropped down in 40 R1 or 40 R2 ( small
focus or Large Focus) depending upon which focus is selected. The out put voltage from
the resistors 40 R1 or 40 R2 is connected to the primary of Filament transformer. The
two filaments of the tube are connected to the secondary of the filament transformers.
There are two Filament transformers having one secondary each.
In fluoro mode the space charge compensation is not provided.

BUCKY CIRCUIT AND ITS INTERLOCK.

Whenever a radiograph of a bulky ( heavy mass ) part of a body is to be taken grid is

used to clean up the fog created on the film due to secondary radiation. If the grid is kept
stationary the grid lines will appear on the film.The bucky mechanism keeps the Grid
oscillating during exposure & its interlock ensures that exposure is not initiated if grid is
in its “home’ position.

Refer Sheet no 3.
The Bucky select relay 40 K11 ( 5, C ) gets activated after selecting Bucky by pressing
the switch 90 S 12 , in radiographic Mode , when X Ray switch ( 5, F ) is pressed.
The change over relay 40 K 5 energises after the stator voltage is changed from 230 V to
56 volts. D contacts of relay 40 K5 & 40 K11 close ( 14 , B ) and connect 230 V to Bucky
relay RE1( 14 , E ). RE1 – B contact ( 15 , C ) closes and the Bucky motor gets 230 V
supply & starts moving. When the Bucky motor runs , the Grid leaves its “Home “
position & the S1 A & S1 B contacts( 14 , D )of micro switch in the Bucky close. This
activates the Bucky relay RE 2. . When both the Bucky relays are activated the Bucky
inter lock gets closed & the EXP START – 40 K3 ( 3, C ) relay can be energised.
After releasing the EXPOSURE SWITCH , the NC contact of the micro switch
( S1A ) ensures that Bucky Motor gets 230 V supply till it reaches its “ Home Position “ .

FLUORO TIMER CIRCUIT.

8 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

Fluoro timer is provided in the system to WARN the operator about Fluoroscopic Dose .
After 4.5 minutes of cumulative Fluoroscopic Dose, buzzer is switched “ON.”The Buzzer
goes on giving the alarm if Fluoroscopy is kept on after 4.5 minutes till the
cumulative time of Fluoro on totals to 5.0 Minutes. After 5 minutes of total
Fluoro on time, the Fluoro is turned off. If Further Fluro work is to be continued,
one has to RE SET the timer by pressing Re set switch provided on the control
console.
Refer sheet no 3
A comparator IC – 74 IC1 has two comparators. With the help of 74 R13 resistor & 71
DZ 1 zener diode, stable 18 Volts are derived from 24 Volts DC supply.In
fluoroscopic mode whenever Foot Switch is pressed, Relay 60 K2 activates.The
Normally pen contact of the relay supplies 24Volts to the fluoro Timer.
A resistor chain is formed using 74 R2, R3, R 12 & 74 R15 ( 9 C to 9 F ) Two reference voltages
are taken from this chain, one corresponding to 4.5 minutes & the other one corresponding to
5.0 minutes
Whenever Foot switch is pressed , the Relay 60 K2 activates & the fluoro timer circuit gets 18
Volts DC supply. The capacitor charges thru 74 R1 , R6 & diode 74 D1. ( 8,C ) . The voltage
across the capacitor is proportional to the Total time of fluoro ON. Upto 4.5 minutes, the out put
pins of both the comparators are at 0 volt. After 4.5 minutes , the out put pin no 14 of B
comparator goes high & turns ON the transistor 74 Q1 ( 11, E ) This turns ON the Buzzer. After
5.0 minutes out put pin no1 of comparator A goes high & the transistor 74 Q2 (12,C )turns ON.
Transistor 74 Q2 switches on the Relay 60 K3. Normally closed contact of 60 K3 opens & Fluoro
Relay 40 K13 de – energises.The NO contact of 60 K3 –D contact ( 12,D ) holds the relay 60 K3
ON. The push button switch 90 S6 – A ( 6 E ) if pressed discharges the capacitor 74 C1 . This
makes it possible to continue the Fluoroscopy.

RADIOGRAPHIC TIMER .
The Radiographic Timer is different than the Fluoroscopic timer. The Radiographic Timer
has a timing range from 0.02 seconds to 10 .00 Seconds. The radiographic timer is used
in the X Ray unit to switch on the X ray exposure at a desired instant for a predetermined
time in Seconds. The exposure gets cut off automatically after the predetermined time is
over. In fluoro timer the exposure , is controlled ( On & OFF ) by the operator thru Foot
Switch.

Refer Sheet no 6 of the circuit diagram.

The stabilised DC voltage – 18 V is available across the Zener Diode , after switching
ON the control. Radiographic timer comes in to the picture in Radiography . After
pressing the Stand By switch , the Rotor starts rotating & the Relay 40 K4 is activated.
The N.O. contact of the relay supplies 18 V DC supply to the timer circuit.

The timer controls the relay 40 K10 ( 10 , D ). This relay is turns ON , after pressing the
X Ray Switch , Provided all the interlocks are closed. The relay remains On for the
selected time. The transistor 25 Q1 controls the Relay , 40 K10.

The transistors , 25 Q2,Q3 & Q4 ( 7,B – 7 D ) form a three transistor network .

The base of the transistor Q 3 is so biased that it goes in to saturation , the moment it
gets supply to its collector & emitter at a given time either Transistor Q2 or Q4 conducts.

9 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

As explained earlier , the timer gets the 18 V DC supply after pressing the St – By
Switch. The base of transistor 25 Q2 gets connected to Vcc ( 18 V DC ) thru 25 R16 , R
21 & resistor chain for timing RT1 . The base of transistor 25 Q4 is biased in such a way
that , transistor Q2 conducts & Q4 does not conduct. When transistor Q4 is not
conducting, its collector is at Vcc i.e. at 18 V DC. The transistor 25 Q1 can not conduct
as its Emmiter & bas are at the same voltage.
After pressing the Exposure switch, The relay 40 K 13 actuates. Its N.C. contact 40
K13 A ( 6,E ) opens & , NO contact closes and starts charging the capacitor . The
charging path for the capacitor consists of potentiometer 25 R 16 , resistor 25 R21 & the
resistor timing chain RT 1 ( 6 B – 6 D ). The voltage at the base of the transistor is the
capacitor voltage. The moment relay contact 40 K3 – B closes, the base of the transistor
Q2 pulled to 0 Volts as the capacitor voltage is “ 0 “ V dc. The transistor Q2 stops
conducting & the transistor Q4 starts conducting. When transistor Q4 conducts the
collector voltage of the transistor Q4 goes down from 18 V, there by the Transistor Q1
goes in to conduction & turns ON the relay 40 K10.
The capacitor 25 C1 will start charging. The resistor selected thru the RT1 chain will
decide the charging rate. ( Resistor depends upon the required timing – higher the timing
required, higher the resistance value gets selected ) After the selected timing is over,
( the capacitor charges to the threshold voltage ) the base of the transistor 25 Q 2 is
more positive than that of 25 Q4 transistor Q2 starts conducting & transistor Q4 goes out
of conduction. When Q4 is not conducting, its collector is at Vcc. The base of the
transistor 25 Q1 ( 10 , B ) also gets connected to Vcc , and the transistor 25 Q1 stops
conducting.
The relay 40 K10 de- energizes and its normally open contact opens & X-Ray contactor
30 K2 ( sheet no 3 at 12,B ) de – energizes.

MA METERING CIRCUIT.

The secondary of the HT Transformer is connected to the full wave rectifier bridge. The
output of the full wave Rectifier Bridge is fed to the X-Ray tube. Since secondary of the
HT transformer is driving only the X-Ray tube current, the secondary current & the X ray
tube current are the same. The secondary of the HT transformer is split in to two parts.
The one end of the secondary winding is connected to the Ground; the other end is
connected to the ground thru Rectifier Bridge & the MA meter. The other two ends of the
secondary winding of HT transformer are connected to HT Rectifier Bridge.
This arrangement of splitting the secondary in two halves gives two advantages.
1) The total insulation required is half.
2) The Tube current measurement can be done at ground potential.

Refer sheet no 2.

The current flowing thru the secondary of the HT transformer is AC , where as current
flowing thru the X – Ray tube is DC. Out of four ends of the secondary windings two
ends are connected to low tension rectifier bridge to measure DC current flowing thru
the X – Ray tube. The other two ends of the windings are connected to HT rectifier
bridge . The output of the HT rectifier bridge is connected across the Anode & Cathode
of the X – Ray tube.

10 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

X – Ray ON – LED indication.

The positive terminal of the MA metering rectifier bridge ( Low Tension rectifier bridge –
7,F) is connected to either 350 MA or 7 MA terminal of the MA meter . The common
terminal of the MA meter is connected to negative terminal of the Rectifier Bridge. The
tube current flows thru the Ma metering rectifier bridge + ve terminal – thru 25 CR 7, CR6
& CR5 (7,C) – thru ma meter to – ve terminal of the Rectifier Bridge. The voltage drop
across the 3 diodes is fed to LED 4 (8,B) thru a resistor 42 R3. Thus LED 4 glows only
when the X Ray rube draws a current.

Capacitive Current Adjustment.

A capacitance is formed whenever two electrodes are having the potential & dielectric
material is placed in between the two electrodes. In HT transformer the +ve terminal –
Anode terminal - & the – ve terminal – Cathode terminal are at high potential with respect
to ground and the transformer oil is present between these electrodes. Similarly the HV
cables connecting HT Transformer & the X – Ray tube has conductor at high voltage &
the sheath of the cable is connected to ground. The rubber insulation is provided
between the conductor & the sheath. These forms a High Voltage capacitors. Whenever
the X Rays are ON , the secondary of the HT Transformer will supply charging current to
these capacitors apart from the X - Ray tube current. The current drawn by these
capacitors will be of the order of few milli amperes. In Radiographic mode the tube
current is in the range of 50 – 300 ma. The assumption of current flowing thru the
secondary winding of the HT transformer is same as that flowing thru the X – ray tube
holds fairly good in this range . However in Fluoro mode the x Ray tube current is of the
order of 1 to 3 ma. ( With II system installed – the fluoro current is 1 ma maximum )
In this mode the capacitive current which is also in the range of 2 to 5 ma , needs to be
separated from the X – Ray tube current. The capacitive current is proportional to KVP
applied across the anode & cathode of the X – Ray tube.
A small amount of current is injected in the ma metering circuit . The direction of this
injected current is opposite to the X – Ray tube current flowing thru the ma meter.

The primary of the transformer 40 T2 – ( 10 , E ) is connected across the P1P2 terminals

of HT transformer(i.e. Primary of HT transformer ). The secondary will generate a voltage
proportional to KVP. The secondary of the transformer, a diode 42 CR 6 , Resistors 42
R1 & R2 all are connected in series with the ma meter . The diode 42 CR 6 ( 9,D ) is
connected in such a way that the current flowing thru ma meter will be in opposite
direction to X Ray current flowing thru the ma meter. The amplitude of the current
injected thru the secondary of the transformer 40 T2 can be varied by varying the
potentiometer 40 R2.

INSTANTANEOUS TUBE OVER LOAD PROTECTOR.

This circuit is provided in the control to protect the X – Ray tube from getting damaged
due to overloading. Every X - Ray tube is rated to deliver certain amount of tube current,
at certain KVP for a certain time. This depends upon the rating of the tube. Manufacturer

11 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

of the X – Ray tube provides this data. The ITOLP circuit provided with DX 300 control is
compatible to BEL – DRA 1 X – Ray tube.
Signal proportional selected KVP, ma , and time is generated & compared with a fixed
reference voltage. If the reference voltage is higher than the signal voltage, the selected
factors (Ma, KVP & time) are not going to overload the X – Ray tube.
After switching ON the control, this circuit checks if the selected parameters are well
within the safe rating limits of the X – Ray tube. If the set parameters are not within
maximum rating limits, the Red LED turns ON indicating Over Load. If the O/ L LED is
ON , control will not respond to any command & exposure no exposure is possible.

Refer Sheet no 8 of Circuit Diagram.

A signal proportional to KVP is obtained from the transformer 60 T2. The primary of the
transformer is connected to P1P2 voltage prior to Main contactor. This Dc voltage is fed
to a voltage divider resistor chain – 21 R1 , R2 , R6 & R7 ( 9 ,B to 9 , F ) . With the help
of 90 S 8 B 2, technic selector switch ,Voltage proportional to ma is selected. This is the
signal proportional to mA & KVP. To derive the signal proportional to time- the signal
obtained at the common of 90 S - 8- B – 2 ( proportional to mA & KVP ) is fed to the two
resistors chains – RT2 & RT3 (sheet no 7). RT 2 chain is for Large focus & RT3 chain is
for small focus. The DC voltage proportional to mA , KVP & Time in seconds is available
at the common of 90 – S8-B2 switch ( Sheet no 7 , at 15 , B ). This signal is fed to the
base of transistor 25 Q8 ( sheet no 6, at 10,C ) for comparing with the reference voltage
fed to transistor 25 Q6 ( sheet no 7 , at 11,C ). If the signal voltage is less than the
reference voltage (KVP , mA , Time selected for exposure does not over load the tube)
transistor 25 Q6 conducts,and the emmiiter base junction of transistor 25 Q7 (13,B ) gets
forward biased & .transistor Q7 conducts & energises the O / L relay.-40 K9(14 E).
The NC contact of the Relay opens & the O / L LED ( 15,C )goes off.The NO contact of
the relay 40 K9-B (sheet no 3 at 6,B ) closes and allows the Rotor start relay 40 K8 to
pick up when ST – By switch is pressed in Radiographic mode of operation of the
control.

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

• SWITCH ON THE UNIT.

• ADJUST THE VOLTAGE COMPENSATOR SWITCH TO GET GO LED ON.
• SELECT FLUORO / RADIOGRAPHY MODE OF OPERATION.
• SELECT ONE OF THE MA TECHNICS ( 50,100,200 OR 300 MA )
• SELECT KVP WITH THE HELP OF MAJOR & MINOR KVP SELECTOR SWITCHES.
• SELECT TIME.
• SELECT BUCKY IN OR OUT.
• POSITION THE PATIENT & THE FILM.
• PRESS ST - BY SWITCH PROVIDED ON HAND SWITCH AND KEEP IT PRESSED.
• PRESS X – RAY SWITCH PROVIDED ON HANDSWITCH AND KEEP IT PRESSED.
• AFTER EXPOSURE IS OVER RELEASE BOTH THE SWITCHES OF HAND SWITCH.
• SWITCH OFF THE UNIT IF NO MORE EXPOSURES ARE TO BE TAKEN

RELAY SEQUENCING.

NO ACTION BY OPERATOR RELAY ACTION IN THE

12 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

COIL GETS CONTROL CIRCUIT

SUPPLY /
LOCATION

1 PRESS “ON” SWITCH OF THE CONTACOR ENERGISES

CONTROL 30 K1(3,E-1) AUTOTRANSFORMER.
2 SELECTS “RAD’ MODE 40K2 (2,C-4) CONNECTS SUPPLY TO
RAD CIRCUIT(4,G-3)
3 SELECTS KVP,MA & TIME 40 K9 (14,E-6) REMOVES INTERLOCK
IN ROTOR CIRCUIT IF NO
O/L
3A SELECTS BUCKY ( IN / OUT ) 40 K11 ( 6,C-
3)
4 PRESSES ST – BY SW & KEEPS IT 40K8(6,C-3) ROTOR STARTS
PRESSED. ROTATING

ACTION BY OPERATOR RELAY COIL ACTION IN THE

NO GETS CONTROL CIRCUIT
SUPPLY /
LOCATION
5 ST – BY SWITCH KEPT PRESSED 40 K 4 (12,J-3) DELEY CIRCUIT (0.8SEC)
STARTS
6 ST – BY SWITCH KEPT PRESSED 40 K 12 (6,D- ROTOR CIRCUIT GETS
AFTER 0.8 SEC DELAY IS OVER 6) SUPPLY OF 56 V
7 ST – BY SWITCH KEPT PRESSED 40 K 5 (13,B- REMOVES INTERLOCK
4) IN EXPOSURE START
CIRCUIT
8 ST – BY SWITCH KEPT PRESSED & 40 K3 (4,C-3) IF BUCKY “IN
X – RAY SWITCH PRESSED 40K11(6,D-3) “SELECTED , K11 GETS
ON IT STARTS
OSCILLATING.
TIMING CAPACITOR
STARTS CHARGING.
9 ST – BY SWITCH KEPT PRESSED & 40 K 10 (10,D- XRAY CONTACTOR GETS
X – RAY SWITCH PRESSED 6) ACTUATED
10 ST – BY SWITCH KEPT PRESSED & 30 K2 (12 B – P1P2 SUPPLY IS
X – RAY SWITCH PRESSED 3) ESTABLISHED,
X RAYS ARE ON
11 IF EITHER OF THESE SWITCHES IS 40 K10 30 K2 CONTACTOR
RELEASED , OR IF TIMING IS DE DROPS OUT &
OVER ENERGISES EXPOSURE IS
TERMINATED

FLUORO / SFD MODE OF OPERATION.

1 SELECTS FLUORO MODE 40 K1 (2,C-4) CONNECTS SUPPLY TO

FLUORO CIRCUIT
2 SELECTS KVP,MA & TIME. 40 K9 (14,E-6) REMOVES INTERLOCK

13 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

FOR SPOT RADIOGRAPHY IN ROTOR CIRCUIT IF NO

O/L
3 PRESSES FOOT SWITCH 60K 2 (2,C-3) STARTS COUNTING
FLUORO TIME
4 PRESSES FOOT SWITCH 40 K13(2,C-3) ACTUATES
FLUOROSCOPY.
5 RELEASES FOOT SWITCH & PULLS SF SWITCH CHANGES FLURO TO
THE CASSETTE CARIER OF SFD . (3,G –3) SPOT FILM MODE.
6 RELEASES FOOT SWITCH & PULLS 40 K6 & K7 ACTION IS SIMILAR TO
THE CASSETTE CARIER OF SFD (4,C-3) THAT OF STEP 4 -7 IN
RADIOGRAPHY MODE
7 PRESSES FOOT SWITCH WITH 40 K3( 3,C-3) ACTION IS SIMILAR TO
CASSETTE CARRIER IN FORWARD THAT OF STEP 8
POSITION ONWARDS IN
RADIOGRAPHY MODE
8 TAKES BACK THE CASSETTE SF SWITCH UNIT GOES IN FLUORO
CARRIER IN FLUORO POSITION OPENS MODE

TROUBLE SHOOTING

N FAULT PROBABLE CAUSE ACTION

O
1 MACHINE NOT ONE OF THE THREE PHASES IS CHECK THE
GETTINGG ON MISSING INCOMONG POWER
CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPPED OFF RE SET THE 30 AMP
CIRCUIT BREAKER
VOLTAGE COMPENSATOR SWITCH CALL AUTHORISE
DEFECTIVE SERVICE PROVIDER.
BLOWN OFF FUSES CHECK THE MAINS
FUSES IN CONTROL
2 NO DISPLAY NO POWER TO DISPLAY CIRCUIT CHECK FUSES 40 F1
& 40 F2
TRANSFORMER 60 T3 DEFECTIVE CALL AUTHORISE
SERVICE PROVIDER
3 ROTOR NOT ROTATING NO POWER TO ROTOR CIRCUIT CHECK FUSES 41 F1 ,
F2 & F4
DISCONNECTED WIRES FROM CHECK FOR LOOSE
RPTOR CIRCUIT OR DISCONNECTED
WIRES IN ROTOR
CIRCUIT
STARTING CAPACITOR DEFECTIVE CALL AUTHORISE
SERVICE PROVIDER
PROBLEM WITH THE STATOR CALL AUTHORISE
WINDING SERVICE PROVIDER
4 LBD BULB NOT GETTING NO POWER TO LBD CIRCUIT CHECK THE MALE
ON FEMALE PLUG FOR
DICONNECT ,CHECK
FUSE 40 F7,
RESISTOR 40 R3 ,

14 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

CHECK THE BULB IF

FUSED.
5 GREEN LED “GO “ NOT INCOMING POWER SUPPLY IS TOO CHECK THE INPUT
GETTING ON LOW OR TOO HIGH VOLTAGE TO
CONTROL
VOLTAGE COMPENSATOR SWITCH REPLACE THE
NOT MAKING PROPER CONTACT COMPENSATOR
SWITCH
+ & - VE 12 VOLT SUPPLY IS REPLACE THE 71 CR1
FAULTY OR 71 CR2 ZENER
DIODE.
PROBLEM EITH 71 PCB REPLACE THE PCB
6 NO KVP DISPLAY SIGNAL NOT AVAILABLE, 60 T2 REPLACE THE
TRANSFORMER FAULTY TRANSFORMER

6 NO KVP DISPLAY 90 S8 – B /2OR PCB 21 FAULTY REPLACE THE

FAULTY
COMPONENT
7 81 IC 7 OR 81 IC 13 DEFECTIVE REPLACE THE
81 PCB.
8 KVP DISPLAY GOES ON CAPACITOR 81 C 6 GETS CHARGED CLEAN / REPLACE
INCREASING THRU LEAKAGE PATH RELAY 40 K8
IF VOLTAGE ON CAPACITOR C6 ISOLATE THE
GOES ON INCREASING, THERE IS CONNECTIONS &
ONE MORE LEAKAGE PATH REMOVE THE
LEAKAGE PATH
81 IC7 OR 81 IC 13 FAULTY REPLACE PCB #81
9 O/L IS ON EVEN THOUGH 21 K1 RELAY CIRCUIT IS FAULTY REPLACE FAULTY
THE SET PARAMETERS & RELAY 21 K1 GETS ON PART- 21 IC2 ,
ARE WITHIN SAFE TRANSISTOR 21
LIMITS Q1,OR PCB 21
ONE OF THE TRANSISTORS FROM REPLACE THE
25 Q5 ,Q6,Q7 & Q8 IS FAULTY FAULTY
TRANSISTOR
10 EXPOSURE STARTS & THE LINE IS VERY POOR & USE LOWEST MA
CUTS OFF VOLTAGE DROPS DOWN TO LESS STATION.
IMMEDIATELY THAN 180 V DURING EXPOSURE ASK ELECTRICIAN
TO LOOK FOR LOOSE
CONNECTIONS IN
THE POWER
SUPPLYOUT SIDE
THE CONTROL
11 EXPOSURE STARTS & PROBLEM IN THE ROTOR REPLACE RELAY 40
CUTS OFF INTERLOCKS K 4 OR RELAY 40 K 5
IMMEDIATELY OR RELAY 40 K 12
OR RESISTOR 43 R3
12 EXPOSURE DOES NOT TIMING RESISTOR CHAIN OPEN CHECK FOR THE
CUT OFF TIMING CAPACITOR 25 C1 FAULTY BREAK IN RT 1
CHAIN OR REPLACE
THE FAULTY
CAPACITOR
13 EXPOSURE DOES NOT SAME AS IN # 12 OR PROBLEM REPLACE THE
CUT OFF ,IF SELECTED WITH THE TRANSISTORS 25 FAULTY

15 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

TIMING IS MORE THAN Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 OR Q5 TRANSISTORS.

1.5 SECONDS

14 ERRATIC TIMER OUTPUT THE TIMER CIRCUIT DOES NOT REPLACE FAULTY
GET STABLE VOLTAGE .ZENER ZENER DIODE
DIODE 25 CR4 FAULTY

15 NO FLUORO OUTPUT FLUORO TIMER CUT OFF THE RE SET THE FLUORO
EXPOSURE TIMER.
THE CASSETTE CARRIER IN THE PUSH BACK THE
SFD IS NOT IN THE FLUORO CASSETTE CARRIER
POSITION IN FLUORO
POSITION.
NO POWER TO PRIMARY , REPLACED THE
FUSE 40 F3 BLOWN OFF BLOWN OFF FUSE.
NO POWER TO FILAMENT CIRCUIT CLOSE THE OPEN
PATH FROM
STABILISER OUTPUT
TO A1 & XS
TERMINALS ON
HT.TRANSFORMER.
16 ERRTIC DISPLAY FOR EPROMS – 81 IC 1 & 81 IC 9 FAULTY REPLACE THE ICs
SELECTED MAS
PCB # 81 FAULTY REPLACE THE
FAULTY PCB

16 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

17 DX - 300
 Wipro GE Medical Systems
___________________________________________

18 DX - 300