Millennium Development Goals

The Philippines and Kiribati

By MaKayla Rowsell and

Melissa Holmes

The Millennium Development goals are a global partnership to

reduce extreme poverty with a deadline of 2015. The
gathering of leaders who developed these goals felt that
they encompass basic human rights for people of all
nations.

http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/

The 8 goals:

Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty

Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development

http://www.unmillenniumproject.
org/goals/

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme hunger and

poverty
This goal focuses on increasing the amount of money people have to live off of
each day and decreasing the amount of people who suffer from hunger. In
many countries, people live off of $1.25 or less a day. Their income goes
entirely to feeding themselves and their families, which often is not
enough.
According to UNDP, 162 million young children suffer from undernutrition
Since 1990 when the goals were adopted, 173 million people fewer
worldwide suffer from chronic hunger
By 2015, the goal is that the number of people earning less than $1.25 a day
will be cut in half, as well as the number of people suffering from hunger
will be cut in half

www.undp.o

The Philippines
Hunger:
In 2012, 16 million Filipinos were
considered undernourished
(Total population 98.39 million)
Poverty:
% of population living below $1.15
a day: 18.42
% of population in
multidimensional poverty: 7.26
Gross national income per capita:
$6,381.44
Only about 18% of the population
lives off of less than the goal of
$1.25 a day and 16 million
(about 16%) of the population
is malnourished so the
Philippines have met this
development goal

hdr.undp.org

Kiribati
While there is not any exact
data available on official
websites for kiribati, the UNICEF
official website does show the
the mortality rate is decreasing.
Also the United Nations
predicted in 2002 that Kiribati
would probably not make the
goal, but the state of national
support is in good standing.

Comparison
Although there is limited data on Kiribati, it appears
that the Philippines is in better standing with this
goal, as they have met it and Kiribati reportedly
will not by 2015. The Philippines is ranked 117
and Kiribati 133 on the HDI index.

Goal 2: Achieve universal primary

education
This goal is centered on achieving better primary education and
increasing the number of children enrolled in primary schools.
They hope to improve the literacy rates of citizens in developing
countries.
The dropout rate remains a major problem according to the UNDP
By 2015, the goal is that both boys and girls will complete full
primary education courses

The Philippines
Education:
Mean years of schooling: 8.88
Expected years of schooling: 11.3
% adult literacy rate (age 15 and older):
95.4
Gross enrolment ratio primary (% of
primary school age): 106
Primary school dropout rates: 24.22%
Pupil-teacher ratio: 31
The Philippines has a high literacy rate
and only 24% dropout rate of
primary education. Over 100% are
enrolled in primary education or
given the opportunity, so the
Philippines is getting very close to
meeting the goal. I dont believe
they will meet it by 2015, however,
because dropout rates are still a big
problem for them

hdr.undp.org

Kiribati
For ages 6-13 primary school is free
and cumpuslorary. (up to 7th grade)
Less than 20% receive secondary
schooling
Estimated literacy rate was expected
to be 90% in 2001

Comparison

When comparing the adult literacy rates of both countries, it

appears that the Philippines has a higher rate but only by
about 5%. The Philippines also has a longer mean years of
schooling. Neither country has fully completed the goal of
all boys and girls completing primary education, as dropout
rates are somewhat high.

Goal 3: Promote gender

equality and empower
women
This goal focuses on increasing the number of women
receiving an education in all countries. They hope to
see an increase in women participation in
government and more rights for women. They also
hope to increase the wages of working women.
Today, in more than 46 countries women make up
more than 30% of seats in parliament in at least one
chamber
In 2012 in Southern Asia, enrollment in primary
education was the same ratio for boys and girls
In Africa, Oceania and Western Asia, girls are still
facing barriers to enter primary and secondary
schools
By 2015, the goal is that gender disparity in enrollment
in all levels of education will be eliminated

www.unmillenniumpr
oject.org

The Philippines
Gender Equality:
Gender inequality index: 0.406
% of seats in parliament held by women:
26.9
% of females age 15 and older in the
labour force: 51
% of females age 25 and older with at
least some secondary education: 65.88
female adult literacy rate (2008): 95.8
gross enrollment ratio in primary
education in 2009: Male 106.9, Female
104.6
The Philippines is very close to meeting
this goal. Almost all women are literate
and they almost hold 30% of
parliament seats in one chamber. The
ratio of men and women enrolled in
primary education has a difference of
only 2.3. I dont know that they will
accomplish this by 2015, but for sure
within the next couple years.

hdr.undp.org, en.unesco.org

Kiribati
Primary school participation:
Male: 82.8
Female: 85.1
Secondary school participation:
Male: 54.7
Female: 63.4
Under 5 Mortality Rate:
Male: 65
Female: 55

Comparison
Kiribati has a lower percentage
of enrolled boys and girls
participating in primary
education. However, the
percentage of girls and boys
attending are about equal,
with girls being slightly
higher. The Philippines also
has a close to even
percentage. Both countries
appear to be within a few
years of meeting this goal.

Goal 4: Reduce child

mortality
The desire is that more children will be able to live
past their young childhood years and mature
to adulthood. Improved nutrition and health
care play a major role in this goal. According to
the UNDP, preventable diseases are the main
cause of death in children under five years old.
The child mortality rate has been cut in
almost half since 1990
Most deaths in children under five are
occurring in Southern Asia and Africa
Immunization against measles has prevented
nearly 14 million deaths in children between
the years 2000 and 2012
Between 1990 and 2015, the under-five year old
mortality rate should be reduced by two-thirds

www.unmillenniumproject.o
rg, www.undp.org

The Philippines
Child mortality
Under five mortality rate (per 1000
under five): 30
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live
births): 24
% of one year old infants lacking
immunization against measles: 15
According to world bank date, the
under five mortality rate in the
Philippines has reduced at about a
rate of 1 child per year. As of 2013
the rate was 30, so by 2015 the
rate is most likely around 28. In
1990, it was 59. They have not met
the goal of reducing the mortality
rate by two-thirds, nor does it seem
they will by 2015.

data.worldbank.org,
hdr.undp.org

Kiribati
1990 Under 5 mortality rate: 94
2012 Under 5 mortality rate: 60
Annual no. of births (thousands)
2012 : 2.4
Annual no. of under-5 deaths
(thousands) 2012: 0