Communication is a

HUGE
part of our lives.
But what does it mean?

What is
Communication?

An interactive process
of sharing symbols
in order to construct meaning.

The Communication
Process Model
Sender
Message
Channel
Interference
Receiver
Feedback
Context

Similarities Between
Public Speaking & Conversation
1.Organizing your thoughts logically
2.Tailoring your message to your
audience
3.Telling a story for maximum impact
4.Adapting to listener feedback

Differences Between
Public Speaking & Conversation
1.Public speaking is highly structured
2.Public speaking requires more formal
language
3.Public speaking requires a different
method of delivery

The Canons of
Rhetoric

Invention - adapting speech information to the

audience in order to make your case
Arrangement - organizing the speech in ways
that are best suited to the topic and the
audience
Style - the way the speaker uses language to
express the speech ideas

Aristotle
384-322
B.C.E.

Memory - the practice of the speech until it

can be artfully delivered
Delivery - the vocal and nonverbal behavior
you use when speaking

Goals of Public
Speaking
INFORM
PERSUADE

My vacation to Peru.
Abortion
Filing your taxes

ENTERTAIN

HIV medication
Hate crimes
Disneyland

How is this class going

to help me?
Academic Benefits
Career Benefits
Personal Benefits

Students are deficient

in the following:

Expressing ideas clearly

Organizing messages

Expressing ideas concisely

Using evidence

Using a speaking voice

Controlling anxiety

Listening effectively

Speak even if your

knees knock!

Top 10 Steps for

Beginning
Public Speakers

1. Care

Your audience will NEVER care

more than you do.

*Look and sound like you care!

2. Organize Your
Thoughts

Establish a clear pattern

Introduction

Body

Conclusion

3. Start Strong/End
Strong

Primacy and Recency effects

Nonverbally

Take the stage with confidence.

Close with certainty.

Verbally

Consider the quality of your attention device

and lasting thought.

Memorize the beginning and end of your

speech.

4. Look Great/Feel
Great

Strive for professional attire

Avoid appearance distractions

Be well rested

Eat

Drink water!

5. Show Your
Personality

Make friends with the audience.

Smile

Have a sense of humor

Communicate how you feel.

6. Never Drop the Ball

Avoid verbally or nonverbally

calling attention to your
mistake.

7. Control Your Body

Use a speaker's stance

Use purposeful movements

Incorporate transitional walking

8. Control Your Voice

Project your voice

Use good speech rate

Incorporate vocal
variety

9. Make Eye Contact

Sustained eye contact with all

audience members

Scan the room

10. Rehearse Your

Speech!