:

:
B :
:

-1 8126041
8126804
-2
8126120
-3

-1

-2

-3

-3-1

-3-2

-4

-5

11

-5-1

15

-6

16

-7

16

-1

.
1 .

.

Transient Conduction - 1

-2

.
.
T1 Tinf

T1>Tinf

t=0 t>0 Tinf.

.
2 x y z
. .
Lumped Capacitance Method - 2

Q/A = KdT/dx .
) Q ) K
dT/dx . K
.
.
.

) (
.
. 1 :
dEin/dt + dEgenerated/dt dEout/dt = dEstored energy/dt

)(1

) ( :
dEout/dt = dEstored energy/dt

)(2

hA(T-Tinf) = VCdT/dt-

T-Tinf = :
(VC/hA)d/dt = -
(VC/hA)f(d/) = - fdt
(VC/hA)ln(i/) = t
(3) /

)i = (T-Tinf)/(Ti-Tinf) = exp((-hA/ VC)t

V/A = Ls :) / C = (k
)(T-Tinf)/(Ti-Tinf) = exp(- hLs/k)(t/Ls2

)(4

hLs/k

t/Ls2

> = hLs/k Bi 0.1

4 .

5 .
:
-1 ) .( Ls
-2 .
) (h/k
h k }. {2

-1
Biot Number-Bi - 3
Fourier Number-Fo - 4

)h (W/m2C

)k (W/mC

875
2.81
0.006

40

180
180

0.8
380

0.132

10,000

380

hLs/k
0.000

Physical Situation
cm steel cube cooling in room air-3
cm glass cylinder cooled by a 50 m/s air stream -5
cm copper cylinder cooled by a 50 m/s air stream -5
cm hot copper cube submerged in water such that boiling -3
occurs

-3


.
0.1 .

-3-1


.

.
.
)(Ti-Tinf)/(T-Tinf

) ( ) (4
.

-3-2
5 .
.
.

-4
:
(
Ti = 0.8C

-2 .
)(C
55.8
55.9
56.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
56.2
56.2
56.3
56.4
56.5
56.6
56.5
56.6
56.6
56.7
56.7
56.8
56.8
56.8
56.8
56.9
56.8
56.9

)t (sec
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
385
390
395
400
405
410
415
420
425

)(C
51.3
51.7
52.0
52.2
52.4
52.8
52.9
53.2
53.4
53.6
53.9
54.0
54.3
54.5
54.5
54.6
54.8
54.9
55.1
55.2
55.3
55.4
55.5
55.6

)t (sec
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270

Heater - 5

)(C
0.8
1.1
2.2
4.6
9.2
12.3
16.2
20.1
23.7
27.3
30.1
32.6
35.0
37.2
39.0
40.6
42.1
43.3
44.3
45.2
46.1
46.7
47.5
48.0

)t (sec
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115

430
435
440
445

56.9
56.8
56.9
57.0

275
280
285
290
295
300
305

55.6
55.7
55.8
55.8
55.7
55.8
55.9

120
125
130
135
140
145
150

48.6
49.0
49.5
49.9
50.3
50.7
51.1

( . . 6.
Ti = -9.1 C
-3 PVC .
)(C
39.5
39.6
40.0
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.5
40.6
40.7
40.8
41.0
41.1
41.1
41.2
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.5
41.8
41.7

)t (sec
1320
1335
1350
1365
1380
1395
1410
1425
1440
1455
1470
1485
1500
1515
1530
1545
1560
1575
1590
1605

)(C
26.1
26.9
27.2
27.7
28.1
28.7
29.1
29.6
30.0
30.4
30.7
31.1
31.6
31.9
32.3
32.6
32.0
32.8
33.6
34.0
34.2
34.5
34.7
35.0
35.3
35.6
35.8
36.1
36.3

)t (sec
660
675
690
705
720
735
750
765
780
795
810
825
840
855
870
885
900
915
930
945
960
975
990
1005
1020
1035
1050
1065
1080

Poly-Vinil-Chloride - 6

)(C
-9.1
-8.9
-8.7
-8.4
-8.0
-7.8
-7.2
-6.7
-6.1
-5.5
-4.8
-3.9
-3.0
-2.0
-0.9
0.3
1.4
2.4
3.5
4.5
5.7
6.9
7.9
9.0
10.2
11.3
12.2
13.1
14.1

)t (sec
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
360
375
390
405
420

1095
1110
1125
1140
1155
1170
1185
1200
1215
1230
1245
1260
1275
1290
1305

36.6
36.8
36.9
37.0
37.4
37.5
37.7
37.8
38.2
38.3
38.6
38.9
39.0
39.2
39.3

435
450
465
480
495
510
525
540
555
570
585
600
615
630
645

15.0
15.9
16.8
17.5
18.3
19.1
19.5
20.6
21.1
21.9
22.6
23.9
24.4
25.0
25.6

( :
Ti = -9.7 C

-4 .
)(C
37.4
37.9
38.4
38.9
39.3
39.7
40.0
40.4
40.8
41.2
41.5
41.9
42.2
42.6
42.9

)t (sec
960
975
990
1005
1020
1035
1050
1065
1080
1095
1110
1125
1140
1155
1170

)(C
7.7
7.2
16.5
18.5
18.4
18.3
18.4
18.5
19.0
19.8
20.6
21.6
22.4
23.4
24.4
25.3
26.1
27.0
27.9
28.9
29.6
30.3
31.1
32.0
32.7
33.3
34.0
34.6
35.2
35.7
36.3
36.9

)t (sec
480
495
510
525
540
555
570
585
600
615
630
645
660
675
690
705
720
735
750
765
780
795
810
825
840
855
870
885
900
915
930
945

)(C
-9.7
-9.5
-9.2
-8.9
-8.6
-8.1
-7.6
-7.0
-6.3
-5.6
-4.9
-4.2
-3.0
-1.2
-0.4
0.3
0.9
1.5
2.0
2.4
2.9
3.5
3.9
4.5
4.9
5.5
5.9
6.3
6.7
7.0
7.2
7.4

)t (sec
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
225
240
255
270
285
300
315
330
345
360
375
390
405
420
435
450
465

(
Ti = -9.3 C
-5 .
)(C
57.9
58.0
58.0
58.0

)(C
-9.3
-2.8
14.0
28.4
35.8
41.1
45.7
48.5
50.6
52.3
53.0
53.8
54.5
54.9
55.3
55.7
56.3
56.3
56.6
56.7
56.9
57.0
57.1
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.7
57.7
57.8
57.8
57.8

)t (sec
155
160
165
170

)t (sec
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150

-5
:
2
s

) ln(T-Tinf)/(Ti-Tinf) = - Bi(t/L

)ln(T-Tinf)/(Ti-Tinf

) ( ) (t/Ls2

) (
.
:
= m/V = 292.4*10-3/(1.035*10-4) = 2825.12 kg/m3
= k/ C = 200/(0.9*1000*2825.12) = 0.000078659 m2/s
Ls = V/A = (1.035*10-4)/0.013 = 79.615*10-4 m
/ Ls2 = 1.24 s-1

-1 .

0.0051 .

.

10

:
= m/V = 128*10-3/(1.035*10-4) = 1236.71 kg/m3
= k/ C = 0.17/(0.628*1000*1236.71) = 0.000000218 m2/s
Ls = V/A = (1.035*10-4)/0.013 = 79.615*10-4 m
/ Ls2 = 0.0034 s-1

-2

PVC

0.266 . . ..
.

:
3

= m/V = 997.58 kg/m

= k/ C = 0.4/(997.58*2800) = 0.000000143 m2/s

Ls = V/A = (1.035*10-4)/0.013 = 79.615*10-4 m

11

/ Ls2 = 0.0023 s-1

-3 .

0.4148

.

:
= m/V = 292.4*10-3/(1.035*10-4) = 2825.12 kg/m3
= k/ C = 200/(0.9*1000*2825.12) = 0.000078659 m2/s
Ls = V/A = (1.035*10-4)/0.013 = 79.615*10-4 m
/ Ls2 = 1.24 s-1

12

-4 .

0.0151
0.1 .

-5-1
h
. k h
.

-6
Al
.P.V.C

k
200
0.17

13

Bi
0.0051
0.266

h
128.12
5.68

Al

0.4

0.4148

20.84

200

0.0151

379.32

h 1000-50 20000-50
}. .{2
h .
h
.P.V.C
. h
.

-6

...
.
.

) ( h .
.

14

-7
-1 - /
- 1385-1384
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer/F.P. Incropera D.P. Dewitt/School of Mechanical Enginnering/ Purdue University/ 1996 -2

15