i

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qffifr,ffilsff

Famlly, .Uarrtagq and IIInshiP

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qRqE ,r+G qqrrh{re Fr.ffi{ iFK r frqrq qmrR-{ c{fiq-qfrtemr$ Fid.l rrf r w* utfr
| fr51 qq-fl {F{rd, firqR e EI&
qcq qfrqr61:{,fircm qrfiR{

ryn6r * T*-.ry
qrqlFrt ffi< t
TFne qt, erfl:tsc s <p1ffi1{*,n6 ttil<tftrn

$116

erR<rr
Famtly

qRffi q:r t{qlft{,

{fr{rd qq fff5e3 *rr1n TW{ .qc qrfl&T c$tt{ r dTH firA
qHfr{ Fllrl'
q1ifr'{ q<q. cfifr+ ql{rfrrc .eT{ r qfr{rrdr flqrt {rr< Frla rt, sird '$!t1-"181,
qffis q{
GF{
cr{+rt,rt
;r.{Fo, aftcy{ 'rga ; c<t l5ree
16{
qrtsFFF .q3tqRcuffi, r *{ TKc*FF*ry qfr<rcr< s't<.
rwr6.ryfri,
<lm
",rR+"

frtt{ t{\i wrffi

ry

ry

Trd qtr<F{

:mqfircfft cstru C'mftrtl (Davld Popenoe ; SocrbtqgU ; 1986) qR{f[il.dqs|fir(gftC{

co-operative
<faH, ,,Family is a group of kin who live together and functio" 1: a_
qk<tf qal ql;t eTE uil& BB{ Cutrff Sfd
unlt for economic or other purposes- CdtS
qry
qTcq {ry ?F[3t q<(qffi+ q<lcTIF{, Efiqf, qftfi 'q{+ Rr{r{

ry

IfisreEs

?FIEI?FGI

q(r ft1ft(n <cm,

c'Kr( s fi|I-{T (Ogburn and M.F.Nimkof0 qR-<rrr<
n rcfQqc< {rfr-fr qTrq
qRffi qE c$fqBsrr< xrft eT{ qTG
q:ilEiFEdrft

cs

?TFI ?FGI

T'-tm

{fr{R qqs eiB qr.l&T Tt n r qt qct}r+d

ca$
qff<m .{-rB \ryfr{ e<q dFr+
nra e<tffi+ 1uo vrn r
'fi1-zta *r
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.:Tfimqs q{. rlx-s r} {rfr-6 q<t rrIFiTt qffi
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ry

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axifr{ qqlqRlqF

(elq:r

{a)

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ryr urB-os r
qslgBl Tmfl Try{ TrnR{ ernlrqrlrt srft[h rRqtl
Q-<rdr
ns iFiK r 6{rr< errsrq{ c{brcs
TE

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tst

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q<(

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ffilc

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iril

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ffiqim{- erpr{. FH;r qc${ "rkslrsd csw,t {pr6 qc{ t} I
EFFBI

',

H66fr Egt vra*

(D frCq< -tt{-6ter.il e qlfr

qR{rmr

qT,T
,l

r ryrET

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t
I

effr:+fcrs eFF'f<rFlt
Types of Famlly

fe! Tl* lry Try ]tRT "tR1ft" q{ EIt cqrqffig @

ffi{Ru-{ TrssB sE tvrrt TGrt r .c{rcq RGn

lti
l

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efu6o ,tkqsr+ Tcfl-+fi

trlir[FtrqG

c*{

fr6lilrr

.,d

EfrF

w, ffi,Hr
I

} ITTgRITET

(Degree of power)

t,rs-fi ltEni Efurq "rfr<trrs Eqt fu sFt prr qs r qqL

r+t Fqqtlq qfrER (Patriarchal family)

$yq{F {Rqr (Matriarchal family)

-rr:t'rrx -s {Rqran
-llslalL{fl ff{k{ <rirltpfir
frryq{q
r.rYq'rl'r "tkqr*
F[fS{ ffif{
'll{lq9 {r{}.{l'1.{I g f{Bf,
(<t

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T{,Rn

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<EI

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mgfrl
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qn r q{Er6r rprr6i g1qcH
CGfYE

t,

fipcrH {R{rd Fpvtv {<cfir r:rut !{rF Tts Gy{ srff {t FtvR q1Y Tru ittr+ r qfud
fr+rq e{{ Tst6f Bre{RTIoB ft$ qRF c$tfrr {R<R a{FrrlF {cfi ,frfi3 q6+ anrg fitt TErcs

E{ | G:Fr-rflem ry-cqq Gr{t.ryt wr{, rF{ir c<Ftetrfl.gBll ftrg

c"m sqq srr{-.em cfiE {fr{Krr fr,{lu frrg {r r oiq{ m

r{, T{*{r{

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ftqcn

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reft

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ary

frsrsd

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finq ${rt qrqq qfRqsi frEIn qK qqqfiirffi sq{ T[r {rrr I iFrE En"flFt;ilc+qt c{ ,{
:rGt-rq r

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$sr{ ErfiIW $rryr qq1@ 1k{ry tqptq@3qtqr*-ffiWry 6qq56< qrmq
p6r* wt ercra qBr{ c<r. {fuKr rgt
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ft"Iiffi qiEr frtFF c+fi m
qt{tu swqd @ trynm.*t 8o "trt qrE r qwflt qr{frT'rffi$ wtrm FtFFs q.fr-ontrqr
Trys{lq cR{rK

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rFr{[{{ ] qr{ qtfir t$ q<c {Rq|
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q5g
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fi6ftE
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(Poat marltel ptacc of rcrldcncc)

Efr vr* rfimrq ccr+srcr frw

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:
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(ll)

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(Matrrlocal familyI

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qfrqn

family)

ffi

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ltsrrqni qfr{E <rrffr Fv{rq fiCl

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rr

qerfu qsr
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s ri-YTrq qRrrm
+< Ec'G

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i.ryf.q wKFt

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.
qff I rrr{R.ts mn
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ctrpfif lty{H AGs ffi
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Iq ffi ffiq {e.T fflq qil cqm
w ftfi fiFtltm r { rilFE rrruF rr{rcm q$il;vt urrE'qm qnnfu'qi q{
;irFnsi qfr{rl r qQ rifr<rril ffis q< carfu qwrr rng FrylIn qm qr 116r w1qgrr<
I

EEq'il qE;I

rr&-F wKH +ra r <6m

ilmrm q[qrre qt ftfu w{rydq irr*r

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Frrrrlrnn

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I

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eEI)

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ftfr &fuq{s oflffi{F Tfi[3[q rrFffl cq'${ i{ffi-$ Yfu rf{(g {rK qI I q $rfit
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.(s)

frm fm Eftg:terc qfn flV{

T IFT:

(r0

V5q {|n<tc

vr['ffi <iH il C FfTIn eFii<, irBii*{

'4<'. ('FlK
qfrr{{ -R qm
srfrs f<6qi qrrnn r[Er r$r{l'{ ftBt <n"r+orm w{P qs$K
\r l <('[ $ttfl q{({PfiEF EFrr{+i-fr t
(bcscent and tnt rttancc of propcrty)
<e T{rn .q<(rroffrR ffirr+n<n frfr'cs tk{Kr+ $R vrctr EItt GII Es i <eti:'
m Fryqsl rfiry- (Patrilineal
qfr{tfr (Matrilineal family)
1q) :ilY{ft{
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t.=IclBtr

ramig

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qqqast irN <t

cfu

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ffiq61

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ffifr+{

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Society (187
crnVr< fiT+
qkffi (consl

nrnfnfqf.fe:i
crr

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l{n va
,-.-!

frrs{

Eertll

ffrrml!
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ffieot

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(Slzc of famllY)

,{T

&qE OQfrqq ETTF ?EII {K i GTfi(T)ct'{fr{rd (Nuclear or sin$e family)

gIFFIGK IgIE'[g qfr{T[3r{

({)<f(s {R{K @xtended familY}

(el) dq qft{B (Jqint famtly)

FI!

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6ipli ff{r@ dr< :rpt <ft vm <fil-ql, .siF <t .qqfit{ vtQ e vrm Wn-qsft
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qtr{K{ qfuY ErrF l {rs I q ffirr{r dq'{E{rE lrftbs
glffi{ wrffi
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er finN oA
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(Numbcr of sPouree)
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iEtrE-trTFE{

fift-6i Etq{ fir6n rtffilo ','fi*

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ccm vtml

ret

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qffir (monogamian familY)

fffi
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'@t .r<qffi

fifi

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qtr{rffi{ T{I
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+

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{tEr{.m

Fuuetlonr of FantIY
qtrttil uVB lUvl cmrfr{ qa[t{ | wrHJ atriks qra?ir{ Tq "riffi,T fidftT Efu
c{brrc Fr& nrq i'6'qe164 $rl I TQ\, tfr.ffi w qnry1 o 1S{ Tryry rt$rlt 'fi
um,rrcrtil ,fi(qmnm Vm ffi{itm Emm'qr*t rlFr .lltqitlt$ I ililr r Tltuc1fi-o

ffi

ff{ErrVffinw{, ftth.trCq.nr xlm \tqft ffiQrgl,r cm@ Ftt{ilrTr.rl{l

qqlr filfu (rnrt rn qflEt vl crFt rrfu r frrr ifrfirfrr TilTfu c{tftT ! nqt(
yq{dq

fiFr+q rm wt r

T-

3rTil"rTGilil

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cqT<T TIlt
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miq.t q6 q {rF Yrrrlt ry $tl fi{flrr iftEst?qfrr ffirrt 1lt llil r

rqurFttEl

rr.,rfrTt@1ryBTY
(Paychologlcal funotlon of fanlly)

tE:tffi rNFt-'fifi qfr{tmr Eq*.&{ ilrtn qc{r "tc9l' ft'F'6151 66q, {ts{lnl,
,{RF'fi,
ilqS ETs nwrft{ I qr< +m Frln
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Tm

ctBEnt

R.

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ffi{

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(Btotogllcat tunctlon of firnnYl

q.Pr6 <ers TIr[ e qsrq qqql{
qTfr- {

fi6F

tral t
c{fl{qm ril{
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dn''irffitrs cBw-J B"rd TN cc-l r {T\5 flfr{rrffi <rq <IBn FrX g.raclrrl( <fug $ra
q{n qrRF{ | 11t+r< ?Hrrr err f$.nd ffifr{ \5rrrrfim rrm ritcs rfr{Kre 1qq'f qfr-$I ,nr{
?ErN q{ I ?[ryE qfr{rKR 6S{ {prrdR 6qpq frq 6q{

dfr r*{,

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4- cgffi6gg

Sff

FqFGITE<aq5:1-{.f+
(Mltqta.neqsc functlon of .fedlYl

tW

ror"nrr.rq

qkrrfi qra .q-+fr flEr I u.rqsr "r* Fq $t

ftryr-qtrtn cqr+ quFrrqfr fqqmrq TF r ftt ,ffi

w+qm.tlr+ r {E{lK

qEIffi qqrtl-qcu{l

frE{

crt GFFI <iftnr+

st

\t{ celrg ,m<, RqlsErrfirm <I (rrdil'rm Qs Ers,oll(fi I

ctN
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fftx {6F{rr ft1tnw qrs qrd t qq{ ft, lr&-{n frq c{rs qfiq vqg qrs 'tr&'t lk{rml
Tretlr<rrct .rIIEm
nt1c* rr,t +rr r c
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qtqT qrfi |
,tf .rsl ryqif .Tt SIcw qtl{-fl<rcr

6p

fit

E- rtTil<tTGil]il qq=a[TgiT TFE ?

(Economlc frrnctlon of famtty)
RrT[< fu
rmr{ frrq
Tfr TtFr

6q,ncrffi qrG

q{f.{R{ ctq qamn srd tftrF r qffiq qlqrcq'r{ TR

q{(,FI['iR q{ M(i ffi I Tfr

ryrffi
+rg qrv,te ,q {T{ e .n+-:r{& sq1p6rys fir{rn c{ $"fift sGI I Etss
q(
qfr<fnr rtft-fiil qca-< <ttcn stq s(iH q<( qk{GK q.rfir{ft.l3t q-il
sa1ffi.q6tr{ I 4Ts
qftr wtcq errff''+ fr{trcr qFrN qfr{rrffi E's< s6l Gr,F[], ffi<tc{a qr$qr*T
"{fr{ndr

'

,qs<F

S,

ilft-Us

1ffi{:Es

Esrg frgor

c(qrffi

frr+

wct-crrFtc.kr rrEi rtr{TGI

Erq'ERq rFcir

\8. -tf*TrcFr<r FrFffi..T Tlst

(Educatlonal function of family)

fisrqn qffi[frr

3rflf,f g
ffir{SrFm 'Ffln:fttFnrrn ftBr<rq
ftTmH +rst qmo qkffirrs r{r{H cs q{ | qqrgr ffi
ft+t (q{, frqlFns W vrd, <&rs FHfilu {Vl-?t Eelit rsm KIc{, <r<I-TI sf qkttr<a cflil:{'Fr
qq<t qlefsb FF$ sf{|n <r{rafi TGFI I
?Ufr
'tfr<irffi FffiqH mmf ss< +'m fi <Rc
"r&r{ cqi{,
rrrr{6rFrcvrn

!
;
li
h
,t

\r{isr orq r qrEH Lc<s. {{r{rq qT-tr{nrR qfr{srcl fr,ITrrBt

qfrrttq qq{ T-{rEs st{frs
1 vt$s 1r't funmrrr< +rq6 qlinJ

c<FR

ffi{

E- {Rqr(FrBt rffr

FFfiqlq:lptqr

&nctlon of Religious Educatlon of Famtly)

It,
I

E{

:rrn-rnftrmn {rc{, {fff, eqq rtfflfr-+ lwrnq ef-+.frEt qn rffl 1ffirrffi em 'erB
-Tr
I <qE {r(r :flTre-s {gql qmo r <ifuqs @T1-s-eps[-{ Frmq +rrs e<( ufu uticl
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Trql,
'Kinship is a network of people rerated by common
ancestry, adoption, or
lrarriage,' q6s, ffi
qre ,h c'sq a1frn rqI+rt qT:f{orcfr qlq R# *"
*o,u* 6
t*a< B-rrqft Rrrym, EE?F ${rfi {r$rq sqKr ms {6q qKK

p;'

r-g,ryorfil et& r "rrrg-rn srfl

er&

TI

and. Marrtage s[net Kinship q< qc@.I fr(g ft[T

{FI;T, 'Kinship is simply the relations between .Kin.
i. e., persons related by real,
putative or fictive consanguinity.- ----gdtq ffii
<Ercs 6FRm qmx_{qq. <r qB q.r+<

)ob

<frt qg (Robin Fox) el{ Krnshtp

{n Consanguineal Kin

'

'

qar6

F ry+re Errc-fcs <FrI 8 aflines it affinal Kin <I ffi+

{{rsrr rrq{ro

f+

eG

"fR-{ri, fr<rq e

q,qur6

ctffii

)TNGc rc'r6 fr{6g s{H yfufl n1-fi

qBr TCI-S ffirffif, T*t-{ nrscq

s{lrE ffit

eFFISt ;

<qfi{

:iqgq-< F1EX

* +q} <qK qc,rfiil'*'*, *

T.rd I

ur< <$

qq6 e ffi$

{etl_

) I ffif
C{.$arol q1 ag{arffiE :rqn (Ties of biotogical ancestry or
consanguinityl t es,qi RIfu qR liqTl'l, qBl{-qgB, qtG-itsftr
crrl Rs +qffs <q{r{

TPfut
ffi
qrE[

-:'

rr ffi+ rF$t (Ties of marriage or affinity) t GRrq'qfuTl (l ,6 unn< q<.mtqp-re tcrt urBrqr qrq ffi+ <qin:wrs1gt.t TT,s .* *fo*rq qR
fi
9t

TEIftT rFrl;t (Ftcttonat ties]

rc

ffi+

eNFt\5

aa <t ffiq1q nrnq qs qT{ <rfuRt

Erer6 rEQ WE-n f +R r eilt TIqfrs <iEFr

EG {ft
tor rrftg

rFctlr

)rqs

{*Ft (customary ties} r

raTBI cqnrqt aqHs aq-q I mq-a__a;p,

ryre +rE

,rqafin

R'rfu fui frfi$

fnrfi urfurpn+ qsE(

xq

frsr

S-"tccm
trExqFFr< rer6

s_

tt

qr*Fbr

ffi

,{lftn qqHG Tg

(8)

ffi

ftr

qffin +ra

fifu

$fuK
"q
()) srfrr-E3
Tar6, t$

yffi-fi. crr{,

$TEr{

*,

?ro

4$-&

..,ftn,*.

",R"*

rm q i et

rg6t wrcr* q.pf-6,

G;#;;;_

- fuS rs,Ifr Weqpnzfr qm urft-Ea cfrq <r ?hRs it{rr6g

ffi sqfi g.r )T $_
fi6Rs
qrns
r @ftryo;{ frrGe
@m
f<Ea r*q r eftry+ffi3 q{ts\o&$ qm pts

6o *$firs q$qfr@H

))o

(qeFI qq)

r <!r w<,n6<

q*r6 16 fficss {rrd r <s <I <'."t<t3lt egr* nrlt

'IN

prcrn

ed
fift<x wr:
+<neq

,** TffiIe
qffiNKry<
aw

TI ft-P "nr<'

Tffirrt

cml

Yre'llmt

(Anthropd

'<fu

q-{r{s ('rr{r
anthropolqi

*ra ru*ri{.

$rft{ f,

rrtFfrfrj
ritfrg,

T6{i

(Einship er

qkfi<
e{G q{ qqryRft6 cqt q'flr<<
fi:l-{-

Tqor6

(o)$<!I6e'tr1jT
(8) :[rr,{n {rFt 1o

etB ry'6 eEl' q-o'utu ! '

Y,

rc-rn<'xw6

T-{tt cttm<

qt
f

vttms qcui 6{rrffi qq'f6

cFl

'
I

,I{'16l

{fE3:TFl

6{rr{{ {{'f6

q{ wrc qlr
TfiE*r TI:[{I

:
i

' ''

qrffrr q
6{, cq il*

*tr I
E;le
f{
B*

m:rTswI6
Enfrtrrry6ir
qflAr qk<K e<(

,flffi+:qqi6tilffsfi-{54e1e"*16. tfi"f{tsrst{1{ c<qUn

srrsi T{I {B qr '}ffi
wA
*t
ul&-qo,rr6n;
rrrq
Tiffi's{t
*-=
cxrm-<
qrq qffq-i qr+<
<Ifu-<I 'tltlr qIfrY +6mlr
$l-ffi
etG
3mq54
r
ere
frfr-$
qrv
c{rqtrfi
qtfrs {rtF rftlqn'TE frfu-{
q*r,q fr,rm q,o*t.:TF{r{1 ,s<q xqct{Flvr{ qr" qrg"tfu sK r
qEfifks {m frr frf*
Er"rT} T-{l {H ql I sr< erewn-{a effi
Er&Talr6<

tfilT

cEd

qrr+r

(fnportaddb and fuirctions of Kinship)

cqlffis

rncrllr

'nt-r.Erir

ffi?t{qsa1ffi
.

society wlrC
loyalties, aq
{Robin Fo{G

(a)

(E) C<Irfil

-rqm<

o[<Fll-{rrffi l$-flK

,.

c<"t <r-<-+

rtuq
Tq

cq{sr,

ctg r{<6ri

mlrh-q*
GFtfrsr. *
.
sRTdff
thite send

otk<ri, frqn e @TB

r{116
srFrcu' qrqn srd
Ts
frflm( Tril qq-

))!

{rs tm r frrr urB,,of<

{N s srffi qq.6 er6 qqfrre lmm,Tr

s wt&t:prt5
afrEr{
(Anthropology
and kinship)

rfrq cog< (Robin Fox)

16\e_ E{q IrzER sre

{FsfrEni RT{ t{g c<( Frtrs_{rn rrq
cwq smrq-ftr-el cuTfr
1Rutzri.rccryt tm r _Kinship is to
anthropologr, what logic is to phuosophy.
or nude is to art, ;;;"
ool, ,^r"n,,
and. Marriage, p. lO)

qi\s

m-rqn ER-{

ffio_fr

ft Wxaq qrs T<r Hn* urewr+ ER srrq

TrhzflR
TrEq {q ffi
T-E F G& u,r e'm fr6r esq tmprk+ qpr6 <r
frqfu*
srffT

crRg,

+6s <r Em-ErRR T{'16 r sR qt

ete+pf<

"..6 ;.*

wTr

TrEDr

T,rTrsr

E{ crilq nr,armr

r ur*-ryo1d1

ffi{I:,nil,

\s v{tFrt\sEf

(Kinship and bureaucracy)

nkq +-qc <rq;r G,

qrt'fq, lxf<l n

cs

c{r* *,cT,6 q"xris tfrt{

c<ffi

q<. q<p$ qg c{, ErG_c{T**

qe

qflrt
..rn a
society where *"::ll is-supremery
"1-qr
",e;*
important, loyarties to kin supersede
vtT<Ril

B,rri,

6q

cflrq

alr other
and for this reison arone kinship
must be the enemy of bureaucracJr_
FoxJ r 6r{fl, qEqr"Ifr+ <r<,qr{
r$rq sf.-$6[r$ fr{c,r*"ru< **,R
o{ +-rro ES r .crff,o @re <-t
crnq* SI6rs
finm
cqbm {r* 4I r qa' c{
Trrrq-< qE{ *Te. Oe qefi
6q "rn frrr:rrer <Eir{ o,H q*{ffi-$
H
]''Ie{aTilF
ir
"-"-rrr flq,o{
' -': ' firqfr-$
'fr* TI t qr* qt, q\oilfr-s ercrElri qrffis <rrrnf* **
;'
qr{E-s q{fu fr"'i
Tjfurs qqrrt q+E qrq &B*
ryrfr" wqflElft.$ ,tFElEr
qs 6{, cc omB< q-qr qrflqilr
mraFr ir6{, rqq_{r
Eqrft Fl.mqR reF
strq aile qrn *-ru
q<( E-Er qftrq3 qe
cqFr
cl'rg qrrs r firq ureqnor6-fir rrr{v
<r*n r
un_-:
*'ftwq'rz*u Trrq rG fi-Er<
+rn
.r-*g, w< q+{ierrs frmrr
ETT8 TIRI Err mnlEl
frurrrt FGI cc-r<r{ cs Er*$fi q.
*,
erl fres srrffi fi{ft?r
Bank) mr o-<rQ ffifrcq <v ffi+ +e<l mqE{
sqrfifrt
E(q EnTffi
s{<x5r* +rrn ry ffi-$ od r
<'gu, T.nscfqq .ouq qftT rt*nE qElft-s
ryrcq {to':*EF'Eri-"-sen <Rcr
Erer.i
ftpn

lSitties'
(Robin

ffffi6

4*t

# ** *_

** ,*
* ; ; il **
* ; *,e-"*g
. *ot
*r=..* *,H* **
* rl il'.*i
*, fi"'_; ;# #L*

YfYIBR

qm*

crr

"u.

h-,4

!t-*.
lefr"
iii {tn

relfis

tqq'*t

e-*r

*, G* #*;# #'***

(rF q:rq qqfl

qrc'rfr-s wd e&g
(Kinshipless) qrs trm r fr.q gte-{I{fussT
(Kinihip sentlment) ft'frenfr qF
a{t{
ftr r'ft{fr- E.o_ ;^.'*.ii *,o
yifsrs {fr 6sB

rc*e-

Go :oqfu+ q$qfr-H (scF 'rq)

))t

ft mB FIe a6q \5rn e-+ ffi ffi.u o, z qB qFFIql.s ft

ql[Rffi r e q-{]t <4t {Gf,R "Blood is thicker than water"CSH ftqE EI?Iqfd mK C{t ?

q,rqs,r< qqsB !f,$q]{ q,o.IS

q{q ffi<

cEGr KG5R

{K sr<

v+ri- c<Ft

nfB*'*T*'fi*'

rrsm< {c{ {r$ G{rn

Ere< fiq qE c<Ft qTK sm"t ft r Frs
'$nifift-Q' ere $qfr-+s-K ?rmq.{fi ft ?
$Bfr-s ffiq sft|]m< sfl m'cq ffi{rn
qrtq qmrrRrulfrE' -1t
<r "F s{t
6qr6 snq s{ Ifu
I {ffi<
"1fu*{o
fficls
erstRs cc<rrl erftri.6. ao {rit ultem coeo
T
qqrq <Kiatl{ 1 s<fa <iBa qffi s 6mnst 'qr-{fr
IF.fiqi afu vt l w{t crctzq .fi u.& tfE
erGQ-<-oB<^.1* r+rrt qftqt 6{t' c{ 6fi
sBr c:Ky slsB F6r n-<rs- ffu-d iqrs e"r< r
Ew
vra fiqs'o'q
clrqfirc.ns W qr-{i Kft-{ aq vrt <ffirqn
a v$a
tq<('EI'|ET'*
Att"
,h mm <fr 'tRfr6'
crycq frre ,{rrd {t I Fl-fl
T
uf<i qfrI {-rc-r nI$ :Fl3t fiGfR q-{R firqITH sl3t
4.55 EGr 11il A ffigi<ffi< rre< xqfr+
q'{$t ,h <lffi sftq q?rrEr:I c<R 'lRGs'-qr< qt q{v c<Fr fr$rsrr t

ffi

w!

ryI "ts q
"q.

\gatRrryene \s

ffi

i*Ly
T

=rp[*

qTIq sTsTGrr

Eilerc

ft<rcqr a
(Kinship
q-{, f{<I
Trn q-r{ I

qer6 qe-&rotrq
cb{ q$sqq c-{

lrc?<iiwc6r

etfvqen

xinsfiip and t

qrfr-$frffi r

r'FH TGI r q]ft{I

.TTF;TFIg CSFI ET

ffi6q remud

1j

ffiffir

EIRE:a.ef<

KinshiP and social structure

I :Filq erbrm <qF
Eler{'r6 nqrn cffis EH 6Sn ITIrq-< <'fiG1 W$l<-({ CIqr$ TGI
qa'r6e qflq $6nN< {(6I q<1
qrlT q:E wmrq <lfr{ qss<lfu:ro16 r<r+rn r <iG< 'ftKPtRs
qsr
I c<$F[I, qr{l wR <-e:r+rffi {m' IY<I ?<<tft+1rr'iY<t
qq:rq9n6n frfr q Elffi
qIiF c'[3rt ffij q-N< <ft"r firrt< a6 5ff1:ffiIrq:l 'tfr{|R {q-s
fu.:&< <t omfr+ @& Rrqr<
qm qq $l I
c$bq'm ulewrd frefit Etvt

*.tl*

s er'=F#
errft{ ffiTcsrsr {5tfst TTzircrrsociety

f,lnship aad i

c{

6{Y?q{

crfi$ffi6
EfBqEr{

Ilnship and I
w{t{ qd

*qrcqTqn

Kinship and social structure of ancient

.sffi,<t {rar firera'b,ry frrrscq

EIM qrB'lK& Bry:Y 5K q{r[T{

qer& ffi urffi
"tq
B.*+nRwrBqc'r6 R-cllI.tfu qrrqR-$F refl{ T*
"ry
E{{l
qrr qR&ffi{'
c<..Tlqfud qlB-sr{< qr {<rF
T*s
trerqrq cffgT{r3 ffiffi
t* qIW sa fir 'nR rc+E 'i
,rF- i.* # * qn {<s rrurs uF,lqn* *i
1

ecrg fi-+ CE{fr q

*a1f q&irrd

Trb11!{r

sE'ffir<Fn

mq :<cm sEmrFd{{,rfrKffi

x$trsrrE

tafurycff

.E.ris'iqT

W,

ffik q{ci {l1t <r{rm{R TF{IR{ c{stB

6rffi
{q'{rfl qqrfifist 's<".
,e.; i ",1{.-r*4, *IFI"T, W ffi qcsffi{ wcl st&ztft<
qrqrql {qr+FlEK f< &q

aq{trsl< xqltaFr{vt frm uftnqcr t um a<$Tn51trecltr86

,fisiil srd 1 qffi q(5.Ct vrrrrym frH $q$ +il, mot<Irrkcs Tt*q
rNr<qq sq]q-{r qrIq qlal-r q,ryr eT6 q.ffiq {NI&-+ fr& I

ufr-5q'5ag u'g

(KinshiP at the timc of crisis)

q1$e-{ 1ry u'tffir r qft-<ra e

w*

-tBq:rct
lltCrnrtlVe Ul

{RFI $!l

e<rElr

'&qr{d

frEE e

qi

#lI tEtfE xtilrl I

IGEI rql irt:Et

m'f,qr qkE

1@ryrce{

flfr_{rd,

frsR e e.te

{ar6

))g

st-i-{6it SnigFfl.TH :t:IRs Um$lfq{

(Kinship at the tirne of life cycles)

F
F

q-{,

orffiq

f<-{R N; Eq scr+E E-rg+mrqi

qrr I crsrq ffiflr< FrF s-{ esm
qF[q a5g qrrq r erBqr+o ery{eK ffi<lRlT C<..
Fqr+ fi?tBr q_{r ws{srn effr{ qrffi r
qr'r6 qe-hTnn'nqd fi{rE{ ctm
IAvK frttr<r q{o wtfiH
6rsr6 EoFq& q<(
qfrT cc,fs{"t E-{ffi I
q<(
@r&zrtlffR
q-{eET
Effi{&.
6.trrfsl
s$rsq6t csm.q1ffi
NFFrrqE

F,

ffi+

ulffi

qu6

fR

Tvfr<IR

F.

.e-ireq+f+ \s \EfeTZqTgrc Crf-n

GFI

clfr-fiFR ryrG .{r{fr w{ks-sm erGqor6 sr{-$effis r]qsr{

'lFFt TGt t ![Ifrq fttrcq rq{ Illn <Rtfiq ft-qrq qeIR aDEn sr( \r-{FI E.BII

F
F.q
rrtq

?{{Q

tNt{ X-frEr

w
"fB-ffi
$FrtrtFI r<ft <mrq I 6s6t;tl, & c?Bm we
16 e-<zs
rEm xfl{l3t (migration) qqt q$ I qK ramfG3r {s< qrE qgq qXFfiT iEq -1g"+ C,f.pS
<I

.rrF aFle

t'

TBII
i
Li-,

rsn

TM ffi

qqdrq

F',

rlt(g

ri'ts[ip

c,f.fm

crq u.ftqqr6i qrm RH{,g

RrflR

\s c{EiE

and leadcrship

ryqr

6Fc!r erBq,er6

I q<s.
lrc+

qT$m

rffi{

ETr-gTaf<F

ftfla Efr, wr.Il,

qsnmlmH qlFt EE

erfux+rf

frftur+<

rrtq{

$t uqt{ yfr-srnfi T-Gr st c{ wfrr+rcem'wt*t 6{rc <r

Elffi <q6q ffi rrs mss <n ftc<Gs

qrs I fr6Erdn:ms

\er qTg'f*rE'TGft*t
rinsfuip and nationalism

hk'tc

ql{fi-s qftsorrnq <res sqrEfQs qrfrl qrfrq-{ ule T{'r6mrc<r<t vrcrcrRs

fl
ErBrqcr T Rfifr'{ F{crfrff mr arff cug;Tllr Eq,< ,r<".fiqs ElB[otrfu:rfiql e qrd rrm
fu
ocrR #s rerrfi Ylqr pr erffrcrr<rc{ Eqt q-{urir& <t tt& (Nation) fiH1rr-r ff e qf}q-g
uftr p q&E r et qtfulrfiq< H{Bt * *tn**r-l qtft{E.rsrre s1qr ilEry

[A-t<t

ffifrsjilsr&ffi

t'

r
I

i{*".
FfG a
r

r
:

rc<+tt
I

fu

e<(

Feq

Atcrnatlve arrangement of klnshlp : Maklng kins.

erfrq+r6 6ffit il rsFt Eifr< FrBn q{Tffi ErRnr frELT e116E 1 e1fufu ffis crrrffi {E{
cqr-qqrrd e"m frv'rg orl ffr <{ erru'sr, TsI-qfrG, ftil, q:nrflsrq, Tf,ffi frrrqgr csr{t
qQ{, frFE B q{rFr wle o<fq"r$ gfrSmR "F c<fi F$ilfrq
Em i+ryrq I 4rgr ft{54 ffir6
al"I ITFFEI {rN qr{ esfrs qs r qq<ffirqr:rp1 ,qr {i-ffi:<X\{rt-s ur$ryoffi rtry ed
'ffir "rl-sl iII T{flI3t rc{i Tfr{ we 1E' s'Gr 6{Eiln 6<TIq cq?tl Tt{ I w{fr$. ffis q{rcq
q'Fqr '{a-ffi e qfr6 c$smr xc$ ulfrtrerrdn ro<=t $:r m r E?r.B .q1ft4, q{JFI
T
1@ rrrrre erG e or& cosqr E{r ik{rm{ ggq{{t$
r

))8

Eo :n<ift-+ qWksafq (q$t

efq)

FE-Trq+F erH r

tRqR <-{N

fi

c<Frfr{ ? qrqilqE
"rR{f[-<R ersKcsq qprz-6 Ermrm Gr

t rtR{Km Efi fi-$r<

csETfu +;n<

ffit
8t

fr<IrE-< q(Er qTs r Eq'rqnqr{

ct

ft<rq e {R<Trffi qcqI

si

riitM

fi

srffi crrqru-qt s3r

ffir << r q emre,t "fR<Irfi ffi-<6aftq srffi

"rk{tR s fr<rr< qc$ fl{r$

<nre

tfrilri<

qrffiu;rl

i<-{tr{i ersKcsq qrfqffit q1.l

t{-si BrE{ T-n I Lq eprpt fr<tcqn cTTr&T rtr{s- <ilql.r T;r

wrcqarcfi erfirrw srg{ $-{

1l w.tcw'io165l c(EI qN r crtq-{rt @iftqetz{R gft-o e $tffi ,(rrEIE-{t
EI utfrqxlf fr z erftao166lFqr u E{fr<rTrqr <f+rq<
c{Rrr.r

EqR{qqq

"{

.;

x$p,-ogea
)

r
el

er;$

ti

qRffi<K crB cre.I Em+ +m EK

<tTqfi ETs
{n-pnErq s {S1&a {fr<lrir wsj ,ntr$i
r
I

{fr<trffi qffi-ssfffi

bmq

fi

tRflrir <rsffi-s rtffi S-mq sn

ct sat1iMa <K6ttrffiiN r"g
8t

ut

t?ffis<

rE-TE-s

1l

'tR-<Irffi

fuRrrtfiqts

EI

ffi{kffi <frn orffia qqt{

?Fi6i <ens

fi

c<r<rm

rrffi.< srqff <l't{.r +;r

clqe-frs-{cqR erm {R-{r6fn pfrsl em< +a

)ol ftfln< cmr&-$ t{e- fr ?

)ll

<rnq1rqr

elGqprc-ft rr\EI qrc

t
a

$Hl.t Tsu

bt

5)r Bqrqnq-fi T{R<Rqr

&.g{ sK

I
r

I
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)el
)8t

etfr+q6 e'r< wlrfko t{gtril{ +;nq rffcq-n mrq s& qs fi

)cr ulGq:w6 qrrqrwro fi-"-tm setRg +-r< e

)sr qflq+ISl6il E$-TH
+str l1qg$ pfro
)1t

urffi

)El

qurn

fr{rr etfrTqr6<

u-qe

<fuw

*.

cq-q

t
,nr-+

+r< r

t'

rt
r

{fr{Btr, ft-{R

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Ere +{T6

L
I

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tI
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t'

tI
t

I
t

l,
I

r
r
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I

x
tl

l.
t

r
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r
i,

t
i

8l

T{rs YR A

rtR<t<

C<tRt 2 .q etqrg't

qlsrqqri'r6qIftrqlE-{lF-d I
qftfl{ffffi +.tq fr- Cffi qfuelq qffi

q1?Frrffi

<tsilrqrBl "tR-ffitl(qcs fr'(.ls dqcck

i'

T{

.|ffi

qE-{

fil

(g,NK EE.-KR o16q 1f,9

frfuN

"tfr<T-{rs

o16 wut

Rw

Ouffi

6l rfi{

corqq
$em<

ns

Eft lcr <<r

8

q-*t <mr

@ffi

EEE

E.ns qo6a3

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