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usedin sociol@y

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relatively indt

culture," :
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Society
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comprehensivl
meet baslc htfi

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CqE,r ftrE ff6g agq{,
^
fi$ qr<r ftaq-Tr"F cfr srrq.< cqrrss q,rt wrw, ("qociety ,".

TY
T*
s0cial relationships

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or

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in and through which we live..) I
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R'T. Schaefer tc*K %c:iologg(1983:545) il5rs qrla{ qrrrq-< qsEI frrE rtr{
{c{4, "socielv is a fairly large number of people who live in the same
territory, are

relatively independent of people outside their area, and participate

in a common
culture."

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q{lqffi D. Popenoe 6R Sociology (1986 : 883) TfTs dlnet T6cFr *Society

is

comprehensive social grouping that includes all the social institutions

required to
meet basic human needs'.
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area of common riving, there must be the

c0mmon living with its awareness of sharing a way of life
as well as the common
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ft5:t6t&'ftauqL

(?r)

src

Tq tfu

tr,Tn unrrru+-+<c

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(D',

Bqrne ftGx

t{m

r1u-rs finrwr

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qr'-<ct <qa +-+re

q<", cq

ute-on&

6{sT6 oer. 13.6ara s q.l5r<-if,f'.Ra 7x+,.t'

,rr<"n wuf*

661

ftrr

e erBmfti Efrsr

Frr.rqRrhi
(Role of C
Frtsrr

(Role of d
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T]mr .s ,l{d

q$q

>ffD-e-il

q.m4{rA

-$*

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qt'u{

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qR<E<< <tQr< qqr Eifi-w5+s qNEf er< ,tft{T o-<,cs
Ftc{ r
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sfu-{fti

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q$-qftRf,
r

{r
wt{'ft
\ER
Aro <r"rr< qs]-re qcs Es
qmefto-*cq qfr{rlnEftsr
(Role of famity in socialization)
nmffir+<rq< eflqfus 6T-G erq rfo{K r "r[n-{ra FT.I qrfrE-'nfrE E{ q<(
"tffi fttr
qk{rrf,{
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T(<i rmf{ T-trce- Frcs ft 'tR<F^cqqrq< q& or*rl, oa**, uqt s
EiiEFItqI E't',{rR 65lC-{ I o
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afraft.

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fitl

e "rfTfi
Fm sm Eq
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qlEicIrsfirq

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iil

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fi

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r

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<ra

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wfrqtft e Grrrr{rdr yFm

(Role of peergreup & play ground)

1C

qrfle+$-drq c "rffi c5l Eq"I(l{ | rs"tlt c{s6 Tnb

ftT" frq frar retp
"{.*
+6<rmq e nqd&q-gr qq(il s-{cu {r,l r O v'<a
scfi TB1e11 qgr<{ sir6 qr I eir*prfirn
1q6q,f;|gt,
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'srr rl-{< fi-rw ft-fi.t .{<(<lfr ttk{ frrcqs qfr-sI TIRI

ffi'

Ttr{-rqen q<(wffI+, {nfs dfrt$rr+* Yn'ct

(Role of mosque and other religious institutipn)

{fr

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?q ftrt qp om r ftt< DRE 'tbq e <iRm ft-+rrx 6trcr q rfi{i ffit q< er:nrft emr<

FrFr qfu6r6{d yfrTT

fi..Frrr-s-<ffirqn qc-fr{ qlrq

<rn frsnqrg rlT{ s'K s?t;t c{{-rq q-drFr ffi
e "fffi {<t vrst{. { | 6d{T q "r6m ftfi\d ltor< 'fltr"fi.Ft fit-srs Urusca $q++.GI I rEq;i
prrt sr< E ra 11-< sqrft etvm crl r frqntrs{ Fm -m Arv q&no r sR olrn Evt ?F-{rt
.fl:fu cercs q{ r qR, ftq1rym fr tc"nffir fim +r*m sfr dxrqq qcs Fft{ <s. 6{ EBr
silEncrrs frryrm ccm qITI Frrm qrrfl-rs
FGI c{TI

ffi

'{ffis

qsj{ftBdYFrot
(Role of association)
qmre-ftorrq ftBA ctEor:TA dfr&n, crm-Btr<,
cqq .oT Rcll qry'!FH
"fr,&,
go.H
qrfta
sffi {rqFl s6 r srarc<l
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q<(
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qlk-+.sK
rrosl es
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q{rq {rEsNI 1R
fiie-oqnrq s{m <I
w4ffi {r{ {Kcfnr E13 {l
Ts qrr< qfu$n l$ frm Ffl frrf6cq3 {E&-fi-fiq< qTatft-s tftnrpm sG-dtrs EI

ftf

qr:r*t qrcfi <nQ m :rrrr&ft+<q"eTB qlfrfi sfr$ r <l-rfft frBe

wm orftrr'r- RfrX
lqr<rinc frrr.['t ttrn Trn q<".6c?tlrq
{s6{r qIDRt-qIErcct qsrs tN ra r .qrr{ fr r+rq <1fu
efl<Fcs qr s'r< 6{r{Frsrn Fm oqr ;qr5 qwrc q{ <c *,-qwlit qlukt-qtu<[ct
u,nr
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fi

ftfr

gffi

e(I EIrqs qB

Qfhs emm \$E-n{'filfs rtFi ,a<(

qfiKrrffi B[c-fl {qn3r( {prr6 snffi q6-{ +m r.qffi fr {Nre-$ {{rGII{, qr{qgl c<I<,
{d-*fisst, tq{, sn{, qq1, ffi -I.r<fr *,f q-<tls qr e<( <Tfu ufrrq sr< sf\9-TT{.!Brrs

Etfr

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i
I

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qtcq clrat

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ffi-{rrffi Efs c'rfrm R|Eq T16, frqrrq{ TI :re'r<-:rc&rq (<I {ifu

:Er* t G:FI, Grqrn {r} gtr{ fiT{-tarqt

"rfi 1F6
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th
o<".

EE

6r!g qrqr6

qH"tr

fin;

TInjFrc

(ga6 "fq)

frEfls-{ frm-"lw.mr<

flr.llflft qNr&T ftB-ft&,

Flrfl{ ffi

{(i:l-g<-rq&n on+ qffr {qlr<t{ e ffi+qr rer6 Frrrqra sr<

<V EF'qtrTfu-fis<q sfsrilK qdtr{r qffi 6{ra qqq, qfrfu, tsE Frqq gG-Stq o<< srqr
a<r:r< frfun a"r,.r< q".prr{ q-rc r T< gc*Tn< cv,rd erc <l'fu:Tr$&-$ irosrer sr6{ TiK
e<(frffirs erF.q qrfr-qftq {lTGr qqqi frffi& ,t0g csrffi r
T{'116 fiFmTa rGtr;

erart
(Custom)

rrsrtqr.<< :rcg, s$
E{II?fI3

ECq

qrrq fi-fo qmqRR e<(ot{q"ffft r gqm frEx

sm{ <KErr <qrr

fiEI frffin om-+'r{< orqt {{rft,

w-

r datr >wng:rftl<6rn

sffis

behaving in r

lt1t tturftlcq

:mqffiar c
Q-Ecqn tprfr

qIftfrT mIsr{Tq

CITFFE4(
I

I {ss $n&-+,
e I q{R {ryrr<rctr< rx r6Tri
8 I g$ qmre-s q{'firi{ <r )Ttlt&-s frrrc+< TIrIrg<
t

rircrt*

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sa6 EIKE t+trt, Krrre I

't.

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+. fipi frrq< slglks orq-od,

{.

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*,
Erq<i a, qstl,I (Habit) qt( qot
4's I EI-fi{, $'tl;I, Q'ol|fr qv-Irq <6, E6r E,| g{r
qII | 6FIitI, ql:t uM'l.c C{elcxs <1fu.{s I ""
qtmf {fq6q c$Fr qFil&-s 11ql-<|{iFgit c*Q r qrr*
"rm,
qafi $Bre
Rrl ,r* r ea e$m TNI&T uRo <me I q$ qFrrq @r )TNrg* <Iqr{|(rsst tT|(e
r<-fr | <Isrr<l(rsqt 4t qFFrE EErE qflq qHI:F6n,snq"q <ikT qffi q5rre 6{Fr
saffrs <cll EC{R

q:nl wsrrrffi

{rq

frq MrR I meF{T, qqqrrr \TcDwrsrr< qEirrc ,JR.tg G TF

qKrR qsi'HTrql sc:t sairn
q
1"r frre lrrd r er<, rt[Tn Tcq] fl{rsj pr& r c q-{iQ sqrm <.il qs
qstlrt
x*tq sf$ Wrflfts
(Sanctioned irabit)
qq q<(srtbH--Bet {<I qTtlfr$ frsr r eKt Td{r qrr<F qmq frqfrB-rtTrq s
<KqBr
qqlft r gBE q{rffit .ffqi sq.t, ?trFfl"rioar{, ft-<trqr $rer[,
ft1n errrl-,nnt, lqfm< cq.{f-{E
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fi-fs qnqr s
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rqu
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<mK ccrq
s{lr vffnr ET Efi-$sa pre r fr-<Tqm Eisln <Er rn-{ frq EI g{t qr I Er<[, k{R w{6s qso,a
tr(, q{6s qeTkr }r5R e<(fr{R q$r{i ffi<q Tl$&T ft& cisrclmr {I q?r.r, ,,rft. frrl(-{t
qp aqt I q{$rl-str*#rrti rrfue pr&',-r q6q <r{N e{ 4I r 6pq-qr, efi q{frrg{
wors r v{u,
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rtf{
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q.,q

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fu"r*

sr

tfiit

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naores-e
lrIcn iFIt

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rRtrrrrws{n

qtw{ *
tttorul ana

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unc'{ e
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qrrt Tr{

ryqfi@

establistrd stq
ilEFE q<l aftrfih

qb

6qf=FtE-f3r

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(Folkways'and Mores)

6qffiRr

IfT-SItq'i (Maclver) rt[cF{, "Folkways are the

recogni r"a o, accepted ways of
behaving in society.--ffiq <n'{Et .{<(qr'-sects
ftgo .e<t $o rn*rr-rf,(& Erq *il?F''ri
qo, mH EFr q<( c-{&q-qfuhftn.
w-13
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L{Ti
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$ x,rq 16 +rm wrxo ,*,
'{TB
a-ff,
frrqqrs &nfiim GFFrEtrr
(rolkways) xz<lt qE-6 s;
ilFrR (sumner) GK'Forkr,,ays (lgo6) scqet Forkways {i(
Mores_6s <nor+ w{
<K{rd
1 Tprr6 Efr sFH m, GIFFTEEI
T{rrq-R .,srks afru.|- <t ,.G{KR q-{ ms
<i-rn
CfliFtEltl qtrr$ )rT{ qIDE{srGr
qs
lfr I C?rrrFIERr 6q1 {&t{ X-fr-+f qTfi ?FGI q<(CNf&T
rpq El<l.reirr ffi
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6qfr{ ffi
cerrflErn * *_*F,
qr r crFilErGR frR fr-q qrr ,r(,
cf{, ft& <r
Tq6
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qru<q
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wr6s frCX
ffien pm I El:trn rrct( u
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rrorffi
wtffi<t

*q

Iry

ffi

s6r;-"fr.ffi;';*il

fte

*, *
"*-** ftffi *

llrsrtsrrffi T[8, qirf flefiT ffisfrfu (Mores) {EE p.U,rrrtors

of behaviour_ydtR
Mores ER '<ri*!3r frffi+'r sr* @r$ft& <I 6{TSIEBT,.'
r$?iE' <n,QK frf} il {fi s.GI <Kqrr
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",

i
tI
I

r
t
L
i:

Ts9s, Folkways R( Mores-qF {c{I esB ltql{E

'fl{r$I <6TIl r R,-FII, Mores {cE,
qq$ flq+{ Folkwavs;'Mores
c"irft<
cesnzq.(
o'M E5s r corqil ff*
a+s
;#'fro rs,
csffii wr Efu <r con'r <rr Etrs rn t-qnfr frrm
"
Mores {Fr< uaq fio*,q ;; _*.,e_ rfu
Rrc.u i.r.i iFGr r c{rs rvrores sr'rs co* frq
<r qr Ftr." ;rH
; ;; .{qarg
",r-F
Mores-R <mr afrlt qrE w+[,
c{roflfs
I
FrriptErn
e cqroft6-< *, *ua, ,**
'mftT
ftm <-qr lrr c{, cnrrn:r qrftq rmrcs {Rn&-< q,- " 'x
{furcrr ErF 8 *,rs R r qE} ffi*ftG (Mores) +r*q frs-{6q-{
EIE ?trfr -*

qg; ;ffii; ,..* ;, 'ii*,re

qiTr{ {ilJlz<tr{
(Norms aad Values)

lfte qrrc{r r'rq Tn,.u,,E< esft qfr$ q*r6 frhrr'

ctrc-{ e

{Tr<rq-surl IE

:t.ptr6 qrgrunil frfar<,(

?FB1Eir

E{rfn qm{ e

Erffi{

ErfE{ Tt norms Frrc fr cqf<rfa ?

wqffi R.T. schaefer 6R sociology
,CLULUUA (1983ra2)
qr{t
tryU5::42) qry

fr[a

(rq;i, *Norrris

are

established standards of behaviour expected

by a culture-. c{tq_wrq
<Frfu .q-ql sG6s qrun{ frit{ qq qrc{
r

r{

em

"* "qt

qy=

EnF

:irqlfr-s q$qRu.Ia

(aer5l

dl)

rTrrrlr"r
sfrF

,N'qfu,ft D. Popenoe 6m Sociotogv ttsao'Ss2) $m *.I("f- c(@I fu f{H <mq'

qTq{ qE -an expectatio., of how people are Supposed to act, think, or feei in specific
a !r{sn ?F{I?t 6'I
situltions '-q4li firrm 6irt;t wfefl{ qr{{ frsfr< Slq {l[Ft, frret
Tqtrs rrIIIfK 6q ql?Fl'Fl-slit ffiQ ![fE{

frq.q-oeq

ft( frr+s q
{{rr<t{rq

E fRBs q(EBI qrrqrs (dll {lTI

R-

to qrq{<ttmqrc3+rftresrmq-ffi

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ft{rj[

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'

($ 6m sr{Kqml&-s os fiffi;q
(t qpr{ Ftffis q<( qf'r6s Ea w{ffil ft( qGesr< qlmrm

d{ttli
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TqE Teflir qm{ qq Tr{rffi FgT-srfi c<q Trq-Tr{< 'effi 'tq

qrd sr6T

{I q:nq NF 6q

y*

ftfrr

qrur<-qru<q s p'{ aq-5a fiqK d-r< I

trsr o\5qr ffitq T;rr< e<( ft-sr(<t <I s13t
q ss'Ftl r(:l GI <lB quFa
<iBE x<i INrq giK qrq'fr{ q.rdE Trrg um e<e.<1ffi mti nry
qlTlGi-s qIRq e pfro "tff{3l{r<
qTq,{ q-sl--fr qrF-{q TnI<

**

qm,{ qlTfu<Fsrr< qTFrrq

Wil

qQ f,j .s<(Ei qi{q Fm

TqfC<tI{

{t

Values

'fCV

YETCg

41 :6tffi 1[{L Tircs fir{

Ye*

fr6Rs qs

fr cqf<tfs f

<t6t(s

sfr

dqc

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frq

s:
,tsxt

qrq',{

o'
"idea
R.T. Popenoe 6i-d T,{e flcel-{rfi 6 ltfz<t< {c{l
:ni:"d
and wrong, desirable and
members of a society about what is good and bad, right
ptftrs-qtfOtftrc ffFqT q.4f66 q:ltrqir WHfCftr
undesirable.'-qdlc vtEt-:6q, ft-{-ffiq,
.
Gr rftrrn qa {F[t {qrmrq

'fffiEs-

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e <lBqrmq

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ffi

Elq(el

qllqFl@rft R.T. Schaefer $]K Tflg Sr{af <rfi, "Values are collective conceptions
and improper in
what is considered good, desirable and prop9r or bad, undesifable'
q.fl.e$n vts <t l-ryi, slftsg <r q+r+rftms q<(fts <t c<6s *|16 ryffi ftwrq
{BICflR

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:nqtcn t q-i, q{4, w1fu, f{rfi flsfifrT sr {ftT <IBq,
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