LIQUIFIED

PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES
&
CHARACTERISTICS

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONS
COMMERCIAL PROPANE
COMMERCIAL BUTANE
MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER
BIS 4576 : 1978
TEST METHODS
STORAGE
PRESSURE VESSEL
REFRIGERATED VESSEL

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

TYPICAL COMPOSITION
MAINLY C3 & C4
MINOR TRACES OF C2 & C5
DEPENDS ON SOURCE
REFINERY
FRACTIONATORS
SR GRADE
APPROX. NIL UNSATURATED
HYDROCARBONS
NIL IMPURITIES

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

COLOUR
LIQUID PHASE
VAPOUR PHASE
ODOUR
FAINT SMELL
STENCHING
DENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY
VAPOUR PHASE
1.5 - 2.0 TIMES HEAVY
SETTLES AT LOWER LEVELS

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

DENSITY / SP. GRAVITY

LIQUID PHASE
0.525 TO 0.58 AT 15 DEGREE CENTIGRADE
VAPOUR PRESSURE
TWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
16.87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT.
120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN.
VOLATILITY
RAPID EVAPORATION - 1: 250

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

COEFFICIENT OF VOL. EXPANSION

0.00237 PER DEGREE CENTIGRADE RISE
15-20 KGF / SQ.CM RISE IN PRESSURE
PER DEG RISE IN TEMP.
FILLING RATIO / ULLAGE
FLAMMIBILITY
LEL: 1.5 % ( ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT
LIKE GMS , EXPLOSIMETER ETC. )
HEL : 9%

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

COMBUSTION
INCREASES VOL. OF PRODUCT AS 50 TIMES
AIR IS REQUIRED AND 3-4 TIMES OF OWN
VOL. CO2 IS GENERATED APART FROM HEAT
RESULTS IN ASPHYXIATION , REQUIRE
VENTILATION
C. V. : 10900 KCAL / KG.
FLAME TEMP WITH AIR - 2000 DEG. CENT.
WITH OXYGEN - 2800 DEG. CENT.
IGNITION TEMP.
AUTO IGNITION TEMP. - 410 - 580 DEG. CENT.

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

BOILING POINT
TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR.
(-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT.
MELTING OR FREEZING POINT
TEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURS
VERY LOW I.E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT.
VISCOSITY
VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER
PETRO. PRODUCTS - 0.3 CS
REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE &
HANDLING SYSTEM

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

SOLUBILITY
LESS SOLUBILITY IN WATER
SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS & ALCOHAL
TOXICITY
HIGH RELEASES DISPLACES OXYGEN
RESULTS IN SUFFOCATION
ACTS AS ANAESTHETIC
CAUSTIC RESIDUE
USED FOR TREATING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
IF REMAINS RESULTS IN CORROSION
CAUSTIC PRESENCE SHOULD BE ELIMINATED

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

EFFECT OF WATER
CORROSION
PARTIAL CLOSING OF VALVES
EFFECT OF AIR
POSSIBILITY OF FORMING EXPLOSIVE
MIXTURE
AUTO IGNITION
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING
COMMISSIONING
RETARDS FILLING

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

HEALTH HAZARD
NON TOXIC
ASPHYXIATION DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN
NARCOTIC EFFECT IF INHALED IN LARGE
QTY
FIRE HAZARD
PRODUCT DISCHARGE
STATIC ELECTRICITY
PYROPHORIC IRON
BLEVE
UNCONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION

INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS

AGRICULTURE: GRAIN DRYING, WEED

KILLING, TEA/COFFEE/TOBACCO CURING
AUTOMOBILIES: HEAT TREATMENT & PAINT
BAKING
CERAMIC : CALCINATION, GLOST FIRING,
OF SSTONEWARE & PORCELAIN
CHEMICALS / DRUGS: HEATING, DRYING,
FEED STOCK IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
ELECTRICAL : BULBS / TUBELIGHTS,
FILAMENT ANNEALING

INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS

ENGINEERING: METAL MELTING, FORGING,

ANNEALING, STRESS RELIEVING, PAINT
BAKING, HEAT TREATMENT
FOOD : BAKING, BOILING, FRYING, DRYING
GLASS : MELTING, HOLDING, BLOWING,
POLISHING, STRESS RELIEVING
METALLURGICAL : ANNEALING, BILLET
HEATING, MELING, DESCALING, STRESS
RELIEVING, MOULD / CUPOLA/ LADLE PREHEATING

INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS

METAL WORKING : CUTTING, HOLD

PIERCING, WELDING
PACKAGING : SOLDERING
TEXTILE : DRYING, SINGING,
CALENDERING, STENTERING, PRINT
DRYING, DYEING, VELVET
PROCESSING
MISC. AEROCOL - AS PROPELLANT,
BITUMENT MELTING, OIL CLEANING

STEP
: DECIDE WHETHER
LPG IS
LPG IINSTALLATION
PLANNING
RIGHT FUEL
FACTOR :
ECONOMICS
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATION SUITABLITY
STEP II : DECIDE WHETHER PACKED OR
BULK
FACTOR :
CONSUMPTION
AVAILABILITY
ECONOMICS APPLICATION
SUITABILITY

LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

STEP III : SIZE OF INSTALLATION

FACTORS:
PEAK HOURLY RATE OF
CONSUMPTION
DAILY / MONTHLY
CONSUMPTION
DISTANCE FROM SUPPY
POINT
CYLINDER ROOM / BULK
STORAGE

LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

STEP IV : PIPE LINE SIZE / ROUTE

FACTORS : FLOW RATE
PRESSURE DROPS
BRANCHES / POINTS OF
CONSUMPTION
EASE OF REPAIRS /
TROUBLE SHOOTING

LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

STEP V : CHOOSING PRESSURE

REGULATORS
FACTORS:
PRESSURE NEEDED FOR
BURNERS
RATE OF CONSUMPTION
DISTANCE FROM
INSTALLATION TO
CONSUMING POINT