Cu 26 Nu cc c im c bn ca nh cao tng:

-Do cng trnh c chiu cao ln, tc dng ca cc ti trng ngang (do gi, do
ng t), ca cc ti trng lch, ca bin thin nhit l rt ng k
-S phn b cng dc theo chiu cao nh nh hng n dao ng bn
thn,nh hng n tc dng ca cc ti trng, n ni lc, chuyn v ca h
kt cu
-S lng tng nhiu, c phn b trn mt din tch mt bng nh nn
trng lng bn thn v ti trng s dng thng rt ln, dn n cc vn
cn gii quyt v nn v mng
-Rt nhy cm vi ln lch ca mng
-iu kin thi cng phc tp, quy trnh thi cng cn phi nghim ngt v yu
cu chnh xc cao
-Cc yu cu s dng nh v sinh mi trng, thng gi, cp thot nc,
giao thng ch yu l theo phng thng ng; nh hng ca chiu cao n
sc kho, tm l ca ngi s dng trong cc nh cao tng u khc xa so
vi cc cng trnh khc
Cu 27 Cc s lm vic ca h kt cu chu lc nh cao tng: s
khung, s ging, s khung ging :
Cc cu kin v h kt cu chu lc c bn
Cc h kt cu chu lc c bn:
- H kt cu ch bao gm mt loi cu kin chu lc c bn: h thanh (I), h
vch cng (II), h li (III), h hp (IV)
- H kt cu c t hp t hai hoc nhiu loi cu kin chu lc c bn: h
khung-vch,khung-li, khung-hp, h vch-li, h li-hp
Cc s kt cu chu lc c bn:
- S khung
- S ging
- S khung - ging

S khung chu lc
S gm khung ngang v dc lin kt vi nhau to thnh mt khung
khng gian
Khung v cc cu kin cn cng truyn mi ti trng (c ti trng
ng v
ti trng ngang) xung mng
Cc nt khung cu to nt cng bo m cng tng th cho cng
trnh

a- dng ph thng
b- dng hp theo chu vi
c- dng hp nhiu ngn
1- ct, 2- dm, 3- sn cng,
4- chuyn v ngang,
5- vch thnh hp ngoi,
6- vch thnh hp trong
S khung chu lc
Chuyn v ngang ca mt khung c nt cng gm hai thnh phn:
- Chuyn v ngang do un tng th khung, ging nh chuyn v ca mt
thanh
cngxon thng ng (hnh b), t l ny chim khong 20%.
- Chuyn v ngang do bin dng un cc thanh thnh phn (hnh c), chim t
l
khong 80% (trong do bin dng dm khong 65%, do bin dng ct
khong
15%)

S ging chu lc
H hn hp bao gm cc kt cu cng theo phng thng ng (vch, li,
hp) v cc ct hai u khp, lin kt vi nhau bi cc tm sn tng.
Kt cu ct c cng chng un b nn khng c kh nng chu ti trng
ngang.
Ti trng ngang tc dng trc tip vo h thng cc sn cng ri truyn vo
h thng kt cu cng theo phng thng ng truyn xung mng.

a- h vch cng chu lc b- h li cng chu lc c- h hp cng chu lc

S ging chu lc
H vch chu lc. mt s bc (hoc nhp) ca cc ct, b sung thm
cc thanh chng xin trn sut chiu cao nh to thnh nhng gin phng
thng ng gi l gin ging . Cc gin ging ny chu phn ti trng ng
tng ng vi din tch sn m mi vch, gin phi (bnh ng nh cc
ct khp), ng thi phi chu ton b ti trng ngang tc dng ln cng
trnh.

S ging chu lc
H li chu lc. Tng t nh s to thnh ca li cng b tng ct thp;
mt (hoc mt s ) trong mt bng nh, cc gin ging ng lin kt
vi nhau to thnh cc gin khng gian. Khng gian bn trong ca cc
ging ny thng c dng b tr thang my, thang b hoc dng cho
vic lp t cc ng ng k thut thng gi, cp thot nc, dy dn in.

S ging chu lc
H hp chu lc. Trn chu vi nh, cc ct hng bin c b tr vi bc
nh hn, kt hp vi cc dm ngang bin, to thnh hp c li ch nht

bao quanh bin ngoi ca nh . Khi b sung thm cc thanh cho vo li

ch nht ny s to thnh hp c li tam gic, th hiu qu v chu lc s
ln hn rt nhiu. Trong h hp,cc bn sn cng ca cc tng ta trc tip
ln thnh
hp, cc ct bn trong c th khng cn hoc cn rt t.
H thng cng theo phng ngang l cc bn sn; cng theo phng ng
ch yu l hp gin ging quanh chu vi nh

S khung - ging chu lc

H kt hp gm cc khung c nt cng v cc ging ng (vch, li,

hp) lin kt vi nhau bi cc sn cng, to thnh h khng gian cng chu

lc
cng tng th ca h c bo m bi cc ging ng, cc sn ngang
v cc khung cng
cng ca khung b hn rt nhiu so vi vch, li, nn cc kt cu ging
ng chu phn ln tc dng ca ti trng ngang (vo khong 70 - 90%).

a- h khung, vch; b- h khung, vch, hp ngoi; c- h khung, vch li, hp

S khung - ging chu lc
Gii php tng cng cho khung ngang:
- Tng cng thm cc gin ngang tng nh nh hoc thm mt vi tng
trung gian na, ng thi lin kt cc ct khung vi cc gin ny
- B tr thm cc gin ngang, dc to thnh cc di cng, di ny thng
c chiu cao bng chiu cao ca mt tng nh

Cu 28 Cc nguyn l c bn thit k nh cao tng:

Nguyn l v vt liu xy dng:

Nguyn l v hnh dng mt bng cng trnh: n gin, gn, i xng v c

cng chng xon tt
- Cng trnh c mt bng hnh trn, hnh vung cho kh nng ng x khng
chn tt nht
- Cng trnh c mt bng phc tp hnh ch L, H, Y cn b tr thm khe
khng chn a v t hp cc mt bng n gin
- Cng trnh c mt bng di cn c chia ct thnh cc mt bng ngn,
gim bt s lch pha khi dao ng

Nguyn l v hnh khi cng trnh: cn i, n diu v lin tc, m bo

tnh ng iu v dao ng trong mt khi cng trnh
Nguyn l v cng ca cng trnh: khng thay i t ngt cng trn
dc chiu cao v theo phng ngang nh
Nguyn l v bc siu tnh ca cng trnh: nh nhiu tng nn thit k vi
bc siu tnh cao
Nguyn l v s xut hin ca cc khp do: trng hp cho php xt n
s xut hin ca cc khp do, th cn thit k sao cho cc khp do xut
hin dm trc khi xut hin ct
Nguyn tc b tr kt cu trn mt bng
B tr li ct

Nguyn tc b tr kt cu trn mt bng

B tr kt cu ging
Cn c t nht ba h ging cng (vch ng) khng cng song song hoc
khng ct nhau trn cng mt im

a,b,c,d,e - cc phng n b tr ging hp l

f,g,h - cc phng n b tr ging khng hp l
Nguyn tc b tr kt cu trn mt bng
B tr kt cu ging
Trng tm hnh hc ca mt bng nh trng hoc gn trng vi tm cng
Cc vch ng nn phn b u trn mt bng nh v cng xa trng tm mt
bng cng tt
Vi nh c mt bng di th khong cch gia cc vch ging khng vt
qu 30m; khong cch t vch ging u tin n trc bin khng ln hn
12m

Cng trnh c cng chng xon ln

nh

Cng trnh c cng chng xon

Nguyn tc b tr kt cu trn mt bng

La chn h kt cu sn
-Sn sn (sn ph thng) kt hp dm cao, dm bt
-Sn c
-Sn khng dm
- Sn nm
- Sn ng lc trc

- Sn bng
-Sn lin hp thp - b tng
Nguyn tc t hp kt cu theo phng ng
Nh c dng thon dn v chiu cao s cho hiu qu cao v phn phi khi
lng dao ng, gim ng k cc tc dng ca ti trng ngang
Trong nh cao tng bng thp, ging ng thng l cc gin phng hoc t
hp to thnh gin khng gian m thanh cnh ca gin chnh l cc ct
khung
Cc gin ngang thng t tng nh hoc cc tng k thut

a- s thng dng; b,c- s dng cho cng trnh c chiu cao ln

d- s dng cho cng trnh yu cu cng ln