Appendix C

Typical Experimental Data

Aerodynamic Studies of an Aerofoil Body

Aerodynamic Studies of an Aerofoil Body

Free Stream DP (Pa)
Free Stream Static (Pa)
Free Stream Total (Pa)
Initial Balance Reading for d (g)
Initial Balance Reading for l (g)
Initial Manometer (mm)

140.0
-142.0
-2.0
37.2
23.9
200

Data Sheet for Lift and Drag Forces:

Attack Angle
(deg)
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25

Balance Readings
l (g)
d (g)
11.1
50.4
28.4
40.8
42.8
48.7
49.9
50.2
53.6
64.5
50.2
81.4
51
85.6

Drag Force, D (N) =

Lift Force, L (N) =

Forces
Lift, L (N) Drag, D (N)
-0.25
0.06
0.09
0.02
0.37
0.06
0.51
0.06
0.58
0.13
0.52
0.22
0.53
0.24

Balance Re ading , d (g )
x 0.5 x 9.81
1000

Balance Re ading , l ( g )
x 2.0 x 9.81
1000

Analysis:
Air Velocity of Free Stream, U = 15.28 m/s
Where, U =

2P

P Free Stream Pr essure Drop of Pitot Tube

Cross Sectional Size of Aerofoil at different angle:

and = air density (1.2 kg/m3)

1.
Attack Angle
(deg)
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25

Where,
CD

CL

D
1
2
U dl
2
L
1
2
U dl
2

Forces
Lift, L
(N)
-0.25
0.09
0.37
0.51
0.58
0.52
0.53

Drag, D
(N)
0.06
0.02
0.06
0.06
0.13
0.22
0.24

Aerofoil Dimensions
Cross Sectional, d
Length /span, l
(m)
(m)
0.0083
0.065
0.0078
0.065
0.0083
0.065
0.0132
0.065
0.0182
0.065
0.0233
0.065
0.0282
0.065

Coefficients
CL

CD

-3.32
1.24
4.91
4.25
3.52
2.43
2.07

0.86
0.25
0.75
0.53
0.81
1.02
0.93

2.
Data Sheet for Pressure Coefficient around Aerofoil Body:

Point
LE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Position
x (mm) y (mm)
0.00
0.00
7.66
3.19
14.13
3.77
19.80
3.90
25.61
3.78
31.46
3.50
38.55
3.00
48.18
2.09
7.31
14.10
19.05
25.08

-3.15
-3.78
-3.90
-3.80

-5
210.0
210.5
213.0
213.5
213.5
213.5
213.5
214.0
228.0
224.0
221.5
220.0

Manometer Reading (mm) at attack angle (deg)

0
5
10
15
20
199.0
202.5
213.0
212.5
213.5
218.5
225.5
232.5
228.5
226.0
219.0
223.8
228.0
227.5
226.5
217.8
221.5
224.5
226.5
226.0
217.0
219.5
222.5
225.0
225.0
216.5
218.5
221.0
225.0
225.5
216.0
217.0
218.5
223.5
225.0
215.0
216.0
217.5
223.0
226.0
218.5
218.0
217.5
216.5

212.5
214.5
215.0
214.5

208.5
211.0
212.5
212.5

208.0
211.0
212.5
213.0

206.5
210.0
211.5
212.5

25
218.0
226.0
226.5
226.5
226.0
226.0
226.0
226.5

-5
-10.0
-10.5
-13.0
-13.5
-13.5
-13.5
-13.5
-14.0

Static Pressure (mm) at attack angle (deg)

0
5
10
15
20
1.0
-2.5
-13.0
-12.5
-13.5
-18.5
-25.5
-32.5
-28.5
-26.0
-19.0
-23.8
-28.0
-27.5
-26.5
-17.8
-21.5
-24.5
-26.5
-26.0
-17.0
-19.5
-22.5
-25.0
-25.0
-16.5
-18.5
-21.0
-25.0
-25.5
-16.0
-17.0
-18.5
-23.5
-25.0
-15.0
-16.0
-17.5
-23.0
-26.0

205.0
208.5
210.5
211.5

-28.0
-24.0
-21.5
-20.0

-18.5
-18.0
-17.5
-16.5

-12.5
-14.5
-15.0
-14.5

-8.5
-11.0
-12.5
-12.5

-8.0
-11.0
-12.5
-13.0

-6.5
-10.0
-11.5
-12.5

25
-18.0
-26.0
-26.5
-26.5
-26.0
-26.0
-26.0
-26.5
-5.0
-8.5
-10.5
-11.5

12
13
14

30.86
41.92
53.58

-3.53
-2.71
-1.52

218.0
216.5
214.0

215.5
215.0
213.5

214.0
213.5
212.5

213.0
213.5
213.0

213.5
214.0
215.0

213.5
215.0
216.5

212.5
215.0
216.5

-18.0
-16.5
-14.0

-15.5
-15.0
-13.5

-14.0
-13.5
-12.5

-13.0
-13.5
-13.0

-13.5
-14.0
-15.0

-13.5
-15.0
-16.5

-12.5
-15.0
-16.5

Point
LE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Cp X

Position
x (mm) y (mm)
0.00
0.00
7.66
3.19
14.13
3.77
19.80
3.90
25.61
3.78
31.46
3.50
38.55
3.00
48.18
2.09
7.31
14.10
19.05
25.08
30.86
41.92
53.58

-3.15
-3.78
-3.90
-3.80
-3.53
-2.71
-1.52

Px P
0.5 U

-5
-101.3
-106.4
-131.7
-136.8
-136.8
-136.8
-136.8
-141.9

Static Pressure (Pa) at attack angle (deg)

0
5
10
15
20
10.1
-25.3
-131.7 -126.7 -136.8
-187.5 -258.4 -329.3 -288.8 -263.4
-192.5 -241.2 -283.7 -278.6 -268.5
-180.4 -217.8 -248.2 -268.5 -263.4
-172.3 -197.6 -228.0 -253.3 -253.3
-167.2 -187.5 -212.8 -253.3 -258.4
-162.1 -172.3 -187.5 -238.1 -253.3
-152.0 -162.1 -177.3 -233.0 -263.4

25
-182.4
-263.4
-268.5
-268.5
-263.4
-263.4
-263.4
-268.5

-5
0.29
0.25
0.07
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.00

-283.7
-243.2
-217.8
-202.7
-182.4
-167.2
-141.9

-187.5
-182.4
-177.3
-167.2
-157.1
-152.0
-136.8

-50.7
-86.1
-106.4
-116.5
-126.7
-152.0
-167.2

-1.01
-0.72
-0.54
-0.43
-0.29
-0.18
0.00

-126.7
-146.9
-152.0
-146.9
-141.9
-136.8
-126.7

-86.1
-111.5
-126.7
-126.7
-131.7
-136.8
-131.7

-81.1
-111.5
-126.7
-131.7
-136.8
-141.9
-152.0

-65.9
-101.3
-116.5
-126.7
-136.8
-152.0
-167.2

0
1.09
-0.32
-0.36
-0.27
-0.22
-0.18
-0.14
-0.07

CpX at attack angle (deg)

5
10
15
0.83
0.07
0.11
-0.83
-1.34
-1.05
-0.71
-1.01
-0.98
-0.54
-0.76
-0.90
-0.40
-0.61
-0.80
-0.32
-0.51
-0.80
-0.22
-0.32
-0.69
-0.14
-0.25
-0.65

20
0.04
-0.87
-0.90
-0.87
-0.80
-0.83
-0.80
-0.87

25
-0.29
-0.87
-0.90
-0.90
-0.87
-0.87
-0.87
-0.90

-0.32
-0.29
-0.25
-0.18
-0.11
-0.07
0.04

0.11
-0.04
-0.07
-0.04
0.00
0.04
0.11

0.54
0.29
0.18
0.11
0.04
-0.07
-0.18

0.65
0.40
0.25
0.18
0.11
-0.07
-0.18

0.40
0.22
0.11
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.07

0.44
0.22
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.00
-0.07

Where,
Px =Static Pressure at Point x on aerofoil body (Pa)
P = Free Stream Static Pressure (Pa)

Aerodynamic Studies of a Cylindrical Body

Aerodynamic Studies of a Cylindrical Body

Free Stream DP (Pa)
Free Stream Static (Pa)
Initial Balance Reading for d (g)
Initial Manometer (mm)

25.8
-26.3
26.2
201

Direct Balance reading = 37.4 g

Balance reading, d

Drag Force, D (N) =

= 37.4 26.2 g
= 11.2 g
Balance Re ading , d (g )
x 0.5 x 9.81
1000

Hence, D = 0.055 N
Drag Coefficient,

CD

D
1
2
U dl
2

Air Velocity of Free Stream, U = 6.56 m/s

Where, U =

2P

P Free Stream Pr essure Drop of Pitot Tube

= air density (1.2 kg/m3)

Hence, CD = 2.52

Angle
(deg)

Angle
(rad)

Manometer Reading
(mm H2O)

Local Static
(mmH20)

Ps
(Pa)

Theoretical
Cp

Calculated
Cp

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180

0.000
0.087
0.175
0.262
0.349
0.436
0.524
0.611
0.698
0.785
0.873
0.960
1.047
1.134
1.222
1.309
1.396
1.484
1.571
1.658
1.745
1.833
1.920
2.007
2.094
2.182
2.269
2.356
2.443
2.531
2.618
2.705
2.793
2.880
2.967
3.054
3.142

201.5
201.5
202
202
203
205
208
210
213
215
219
221
224
225
226
226.5
226.5
226
226
225.5
225
225
225
225
225
225
225
225
225
225.5
225.5
225.5
225.5
226
225.5
225.5
225.5

-0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
-2
-4
-7
-9
-12
-14
-18
-20
-23
-24
-25
-25.5
-25.5
-25
-25
-24.5
-24
-24
-24
-24
-24
-24
-24
-24
-24
-24.5
-24.5
-24.5
-24.5
-25
-24.5
-24.5
-24.5

-5.1
-5.1
-10.1
-10.1
-20.3
-40.5
-70.9
-91.2
-121.6
-141.9
-182.4
-202.7
-233.0
-243.2
-253.3
-258.4
-258.4
-253.3
-253.3
-248.2
-243.2
-243.2
-243.2
-243.2
-243.2
-243.2
-243.2
-243.2
-243.2
-248.2
-248.2
-248.2
-248.2
-253.3
-248.2
-248.2
-248.2

1.00
0.97
0.88
0.73
0.53
0.29
0.00
-0.32
-0.65
-1.00
-1.35
-1.68
-2.00
-2.29
-2.53
-2.73
-2.88
-2.97
-3.00
-2.97
-2.88
-2.73
-2.53
-2.29
-2.00
-1.68
-1.35
-1.00
-0.65
-0.32
0.00
0.29
0.53
0.73
0.88
0.97
1.00

0.82
0.82
0.63
0.63
0.23
-0.55
-1.73
-2.52
-3.69
-4.48
-6.05
-6.84
-8.01
-8.41
-8.80
-9.00
-9.00
-8.80
-8.80
-8.60
-8.41
-8.41
-8.41
-8.41
-8.41
-8.41
-8.41
-8.41
-8.41
-8.60
-8.60
-8.60
-8.60
-8.80
-8.60
-8.60
-8.60

Ps = Static Pressure around the cylinder at different angle

Theoretical Cp = 1 4 sin 2
Calculated Cp =

Px P
0.5 U

Where,
Px =Static Pressure around cylindrical body at different angle (Pa)
P = Free Stream Static Pressure (Pa)