: . .

2000 .
4

: . . , 2014, 1, -

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........................................................................................................................................6
. ., . ., . .

-.......................................................................................................................................10
. ., . ., . .
-

......................................................................................................14
. ., . ., . ., . .
-
.........................................................................19
. ., . ., . .

- ........................................23
. ., . ., . .

Ag,Pd-............................................................................................................................34
. ., . ., , . ., . ., . .

..................................................................................................39

. ., . ., . ., .., . ., . .,
. ., . ., . .
, ............................................47
. ., . ., . ., . .

........................................................................................52
. ., . ., . .

.....................................................................................................................56

, : . . , 2014, 1


. .
-
..........................................................................................................................................................61
. ., . .

MOTACILLA FLAVA LINNAEUS, 1758 MOTACILLA CITREOLA PALLAS, 1776
(PASSERIFORMES, MOTACILLIDAE, MOTACILLINAE) .........................................67
. ., . ., . .

DOLICHOPODIDAE (DIPTERA)..................................................................................................................................78
. .

, 2 ,
..............................................................................83
. ., . ., .

................................................................88
. ., . ., . ., . .
HLA-DR

- a2b-..................................................................................................................97
. ., . ., ..

....................................................................................................102

. ., . .

( )............................................108
. ., . ., . .
.................................................111
. ., . ., . .


.............................................................116
. ., . ., . ., . ., . .


......................................................................................................................................122
. .
,
.......................................................................................................................................126
. ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . .
...............................................................................................134

, : . . , 2014, 1


. ., . ., . .

.................................................................................138
. ., . .

................................................................................................................145

75 ...........................................................................................................150
.......................................................................................................................................152

, : . . , 2014, 1

Proceedings

SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL

of Voronezh
State University

SERIES: CHEMISTRY. BIOLOGY. PHARMACY

First published in 2000
Published quarterly

Series: Chemistry. Biology. Pharmacy, 2014, 1, January - March

CHEMISTRY

Antipova L. V., Voronkova Yu. V., Sinyaeva L. A.

Spectroscopic research of food fibers of beet cellulose.........................................................6
Bondarev Y. M., Goncharov E. G., Shramchenko I. E.
the nonlinear properties of dilute solid solutions SYSTEMS ZINC-CADMIUM...............10
Vereshnikov V. N., Krascheninnikova S. V., Grinfeld A. E.
THE GETEROCOAGULATION AT THE AGGLOMERATION OF BUTADIENE-STYRENE
LATEX BY CHEMICAL METHOD...............................................................................................................................14
Balybin D. V., Vigdorovich V. I., Kalinushkina E. Y., Popova E. D.
INFLUENCE OF O-FLUOROPHENYLBIGUANIDINE ON HYDROGEN EVOLUTION
REACTION KINETICS ON IRON IN ACIDIC CHLORIDE MEDIA......................................................................19
Eliseev D. S., Grushevskaya S. N., Abakumova L. I.
DETERMINATION OF CORROSION STABILITY OF COPPER IN ALKALINE SOLUTION
BY THE DATA OF ELECTRO- AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION...................................23
Ikonnikova E. V., Grechkina M. V., Kozaderov O. A.
SURFACE DEVELOPMENT AT ANODIC SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION OF Ag,Pd-ALLOYS........................34
Alexeev S.G., Barbin N.M., Pishchalnikov A.V., Kalach A.V., Kalach E.V.
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDEXS OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.....................................................39

BIOLOGY
Bugrimov D. Y., Vasilenko D. V., Efimov A. S., Zon B. A., Kunin V. A., Liholet A. N., Naskidashvili V. I.,
Nevezhin E. V., Tsvetikova L.N.
ANALYSIS OF PLASMA PARAMETERS THAWED BY MICROWAVE RADIATION......................................47
Devyatova T. A, Rumyantseva I. V., Voronin A. A., Bogachyov . I.
CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF WATER OBJECTS
IN A ZONE OF AN ARRANGEMENT OF THE NEW VORONEZH NUCLEAR POWER PLANT.....................52
Kozlov A. T., Belsky N. V., Kozlov N. A.
Pecularities of Ecological Crisis in Industrial City and
Technigne of its Overcome.............................................................................................................................56
Korolev V. .
Water and physical properties of alluvial meadow loamy soils
of Upper Don flood-lands................................................................................................................................61
Muraviev I.V., Artemyeva E. A.
STATE OF POPULATIONS OF YELLOW WAGTAIL AND CITRINE WAGTAIL
MOTACILLA FLAVA LINNAEUS, 1758 AND MOTACILLA CITREOLA PALLAS, 1776
(PASSERIFORMES, MOTACILLIDAE, MOTACILLINAE) IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA..........................................67

, : . . , 2014, 1

Contents
Negrobov O. P., Chursina M. A., Selivanova O. V.
SIGNS OF GENUS LEVEL IN HABITUS MORPHOMETRY OF DOLICHOPODIDAE (DIPTERA).............78
Popov S. S.
DYNAMICS OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AT NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
DEVELOPING AT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, AT THE COMBINED THERAPY WITH EPIFAMIN.....83
Stepantsova L.V., Krasin V. N., Korolev V.A.
The morphological characteristic of carbonaceous growths
Chernozem-Like soils of the north of the Tambov plain...........................................................88
Shilov S. V, Koltakov I. A., Lelikova E. N., Artukhov V. G.
THE LEVEL EXPRESSION OF HLA-DR ANTIGENS BY HUMAN BLOOD
NEUTROPHILS UNDER COMBINED EFFECTS OF UV RADIATION AND a2b-INTERFERONS...................97
Nikitin E. D., Shcheglov D. I., abodina E. P.
EKOFUNKTSII SOIL AND NATURAL AREAS IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR
SPECIAL PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT AND SOIL AGROLOGY........................................................102

PHARMACY
Afanasyeva T. G. , Dmitriyev A. V.
THE ANALYSIS OF PLACEMENT OF THE STATE ORDER IN THE SPHERE
OF PURCHASES OF MEDICINES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VORONEZH REGION)............................108
Buzlama A.V., Chernov Y.N., Slivkin A.I.
ACUTE TOXICITY PARAMETERS OF HUMIC ACID SALTS.............................................................................111
Glembotskaya G.T., Krivosheev S.A., Azizov O.V.
The conceptual modeling of the quality management system of drugs
as a product category at the pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise...............116
Logvinova E. E., Brezhneva T. A., Slivkin A. I., Samilina I. A., Berest I. S.
SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL EXTRACTION CONDITIONS ANTHOCYANIN
COMPOUNDS OF DRIED FRUITS AND FRESHLY BLACK CHOKEBERRY..................................................122
Orlova T.V.
MODERN RECTAL, VAGINAL AND URETHRAL MEDICINAL FORMS..........................................................126
Slivkin A. I., Belenova A. S., Shatalov G. V., Kuznetsov V. A., Slivkin D. A.
Studying of chitosan solutions properties.....................................................................................134
Trineeva O. V., Slivkin A. I., Voropayeva S. S.
Development and validation of a technique of quantitative
definition flavonoids in nettle leaves a two-blast furnace...............................................138
Chupandina E. E., Erigova O. A.
The influence of drug supply on the quality of life.................................................................145

jubilee
75 years Professor K.K. Polyansky.............................................................................................................150

SUBMISSION GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS....................................................................................152

, : . . , 2014, 1


677.11.02 : 681.5

. . 1, . . 1, . . 2

2|

19.11.13 .

. .
- - .
, -
.
: , , ,
Abstract. Researches of food fibers on existence of functional groups are conducted. The method
of IR-spectroscopy established presence IT - groups. The interaction mechanism happens to water at the
expense of existence in food fibers of beet cellulose of active hydrogen communications that assumes high
functional and technological properties in technology of food systems.
Keywords: food fibers, beet cellulose, ability to hydration, IR-spectroscopy

80- , , ,
. 2000 -
:
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( )
[2]. ,
, .

, , . , -
.
. ., . ., . . , 2014

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.
, . ,
70- ,
. ,
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,
6 % 3

.
, ,
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, .. -

, : . . , 2014, 1

.
,
[3].
-
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.

.


(HCl), (NaOH),
(C2H5OH) (2).

(
-).
, , . , ,
.
.

. Bruker Vertex-70 .
Grams 4/32.

-
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3410, 2918, 2848, 1735, 1600, 1095, 1010, 607 -1.
3410 -1 -
().
.
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-
1600 -1. 1150-1085 -1

-- (as). -
607 -1[4-6].
-
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: 3410, 2927, 2918, 1625, 1568, 1510, 1450,
1236, 1095, 605 -1.
1625 -1 -
() .
1568 -1 , 1510 -1
.

. 1
, : . . , 2014, 1

 . ., . ., . .

. 2
,
Na.
(as CH3) 1450-1.
-O
1236 -1.

. ,
, .

. , , ,
.
(1735 -1), (1510 -1), . (NaOH) (HCl)

( 3410 -1). ,
-, - .

--

1. .. / .. ,
.. , .. . : , 2012. 200 .
2. .. () / .. , ..
, .. , .. . .:
, 2008. 246 .
3. .. / .. . .: , 1967.
630 .
4. . -:
. . / . . .: , 1982. 328 .
5. . - : .
. / . . .: , 1991. 536 .
6. .
: . .
/ . . : , 1987. 188 .

, : . . , 2014, 1

...,
. , , ; e-mail: meatech@yandex.ru

Antipova Ludmila V. the professor of chair

of technology of products of an animal origin,
The Voronezh State University of Engineering
Technology; e-mail: meatech@yandex.ru

, ,
; e-mail: uliya_rin@mail.ru

Voronkova Uliya V. graduate student of chair

of technology of products of an animal origin,
The Voronezh State University of Engineering
Technology; e-mail: uliya_rin@mail.ru

,
, ;
e-mail: liliya.sinyaevavsu@mail.ru

Sinyaeva Liliya A. graduate student of

chair of analytical chemistry, The Voronezh State
University; e-mail: liliya.sinyaevavsu@mail.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

 54-165:546.47/.49

-
. . , . . , . .

03.12.2013 .

. - - - , .
: , , , .
Abstract. Measurement of the concentration dependences of electro-physical properties of singlecrystal samples of the zinc-cadmium defined range of solid solutions with extreme physical and chemical
changes and electrical properties, and also proposed a possible mechanism of retrograde solid-solubility in
the system by zinc.
Keywords: solid solutions, defect formation, retrograde solubility, small-particle clusters.

5-10 .
%.
() 5
. % . ,
,
-
, .

, [1, 2].

ZnCd.
. , [3].
. ., . ., . ., 2014

10

:

, .
-
.

.
,
[4]. . 1-4.
. 1 ,
. .

,
.
.
10
6952, 5 /.

, : . . , 2014, 1

. 1. . () ()
000
(22860-93) (-94) .
.
(),
. (0=1.5 . %)
,
1-1.5 . %

.
:

k x
Cx = C0 1 (1 kSb ) exp Cd
l

() .

(1)

510-5
50 . , 1.710-3
.

.
, , 0.25, ,
Cd
Zn . 2. , 100 60 .
. 1
-

. 2.
L, L

, [5]. ,
.
1, 3, 4.
, , 1.4 . % Cd.

()
.

, : . . , 2014, 1

11

 . ., . ., . .

(). ,

(, ). ,
() ,
.
[6],
.
, .

,
().
,
-
(. 1-). , ,
.
-.

.

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1-). (),
.
(. 3).
. 4 N [6],

, , .

-

12

. 3.

. 4.

,

. ,

,
,


.

.

1. .. Cu-Zn / ..

, : . . , 2014, 1

, .. , .. , .. // . : . .
. 2005. 1. . 7-12.
2. .. -
- / .. , .. , ..
//
. 2005. .7, N 4. . 378-381.
3. . / .
, . . . : , 1962.

.1. . 473-475.
4. . / . . . : , 1968. 288 .
5 / . . , . , . . . : , 1985. 407 .
6. .. / .. , .. //
. 1983. .17, 11. . 2022-2024.

..., ,

Goncharov Eugeny G. Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Full

Professor, Voronezh State University

..., ,
;
e-mail: bondarev@chem.vsu.ru

Bondarev Yury M. Cand. Sci. (Chem.),

Associate Professor, Voronezh State University;
e-mail: bondarev@chem.vsu.ru

..., ,

Shramchenko Irina E. Cand. Sci. (Chem.),

Associate Professor, Voronezh State University

, : . . , 2014, 1

13

 541.18.048

-

. . 1, . . 1, . . 2

. . ..
1

16.04.2013 .

. -30 -- (-20).
, . , , .. .
: , , ,
Abstract. The process of agglomeration of butadiene-styrene latex SKS-30 ARK with butadienemethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid (BMK-20) was investigated with optical methods. Three critical
concentrations of coagulation was established, one of those corresponds to the interaction of heterogeneous
particles and two others to the group coagulation of identical ones. The obtained results permit to maintain
that the mechanism of latex agglomeration by highcarboxylated polymer should be considered taking into
account the Deryagins geterocoagulation theory.
Key words: latex, agglomeration, geterocoagulaton, carboxyl containing polymers.

( ,
.) ( 60-65 . %
), .
( 200-250 ),

.
, , , ,
[1] ( ).
[2] ,
.
, (
. ., . ., . ., 2014

14

, , )
,
( - ).
(1-3 . % )

2-3 .
, . .
,
( [3]).

, : . . , 2014, 1

- -30 ( -
( )).

, -20 (
),
,
[1].
- 56, .


(- ),
Nanotrac (Microtrac Inc,
),
1-6500 ,
.

. 1.
-30
-20 (.% ): 1 0.5; 2
1.0; 3 2; 4 3; 5 4; 6 5.

-20
() -30
.

-20 (. 1) ,
,
1-2 ().

(. 2)
, (3 .% ), .

. 2. -30 -20.

(. 3).
.
(
3 . % ) I II,
dI dII, dI

. . . .
, : . . , 2014, 1
1

15

 . ., . ., . .

. 3. -30
(. % ):
1 0; 2 0.25; 3 1.5; 4 3.0; 5 10.0.
-30 .
dII , dI, .
I II
.
. 3,

( ), .

. (-20)
, .
,
.


.

,

-.

.

16

, , (),
-, ..
[4, 5].
,
1 2 ,
1 2, -
,
.
(
),
. , , ,
( -20) ,
().

. 4. -30 m (/): 1 193.2; 2

128.8; 3 96.6; 4 64.4. -20: 3
. % .
, [6],
, . ,
, -

, : . . , 2014, 1

, ,
, [5] .
,

(m) ( ),
, . ~3-
.
,


.

,
-30
-20
, ( ), ,
[7].
, . 5 ,
(
D3-NaCl, D3
3 ):
(.. ), -
() (1
2).

-30 -20, [8]:
, -20 > -30 (950
740 / ). CaCl2 , LaCl3.

+
.

1. - -30
-- . ,

.5. D3 NaCl -30 +-20 (9,2 .%).

m(CC-30) = 26,5 /.
,

.
.
2. ,
.

1. . . / .. , .. . : , 1983. .107-112.
2. .. / .. [ .] // .
7- . -. .
. , 2000. . 3-5.
3. .. / .. . : , 1984.
.240-247.

, : . . , 2014, 1

17

 . ., . ., . .

4. .. / ..
, .. , .. . : ,
1985. . 259-287.
5. .. / .. : ,
1986. 206 .
6. Ono H. haracterization of surface charge on
polystyrene lattices/ H.Ono, E.Jidai, K.Shibayama //
Koll. Z. Z. Polym. 1977. - B. 255, 2. S. 105-110.

7. .. -
//
/ .. , ..
/ .. , .. . . : , 1972. . 170-173.
8. .. : / .. [
.]. : - .,1984. 196 .

...,
;
e-mail: vvn@chem.vsu.ru

Vereshnikov Victor N. - Ph. D. in Chemistry, Full

Professor, Voronezh State University, e-mail: vvn@
chem.vsu.ru

; e-mail:
chhml158@chem.vsu.ru

Krasheninnikova Sharlotta V. student,

Voronezh State University; e-mail: chhml158@
chem.vsu.ru

..,
; email: vf-niisk2007@yandex.ru

Grinfeld Eugenij A. Ph. D. in Chemistry,

Leading Researcher, Voronesh constituent company
NIISK; email: vf-niisk2007@yandex.ru

18

, : . . , 2014, 1

 541.138:541.18
-


. . 1, . . 2, . . 1, . . 1.
. ..
2

05.08.2013 .

.
,

- (0,5 40 )
:
.
: , , , -, .
Abstract. It is shown that in the presence of increcesing o-fluorophenylbiguanidine concentrations
(0.5 40 mM) in the hydrogen chloride aqueous media, change of nature of the slow stage of hydrogen
release reaction on iron is observed according to the row: slow discharge limiting chemical recombination
slow lateral diffusion limiting discharge.
Keywords: iron, hydrogen ions, discharge, o-fluorophenylbiguanidine, slow stage.

()
, ,

.
, ,
,
. , ,
. ,
, , , , , .
-
(-) -
(3) .
. ., . ., ..,
. ., 2014

-
(), ()
, , 13.6 [1].

(10 . % )
l+ (1 )
LiCl,
107 .
3 ( - Solartron
1285, 0,66 /),
, ,
.
:

, : . . , 2014, 1

19

 . ., . ., .., . .

,
.
0,5 2 , ,
,
. , - .

. 1.
= -50 , = 300 .
1 0.1 l + 0.9 LiCl ; 2 +1
-.
. 1 ,
-

, , -50
.

- .
( 1). -
1 /
( 1). 5, 10 ( 1) 20 /
-
, 30 40 / -
( 1).
-
: [2 - 7].

- (10 . % )
:
( 2).
.
[8].

.
iH. -. . .
-

1
- C1 + (1 - x) M LiC1 ( , ).
-,
d H
lg ik
lg iK
d H
dE
dE
/
,B
,B
,B
,B

20

lg CH + E

d lg CH +

lg CH +

d lg ik

d lg CH +

0.115

0.065

0.90

0.115

0.060

0.50

0.5

0.110

0.060

0.80

0.110

0.060

0.50

1.0

0.110

0.065

0.50

0.110

5.0

0.115

0.075

0.75

0.115

0.035

0.25

10.0

0.120

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0.75

0.120

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0.25

20.0

0.120

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0.60

0.120

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0.20

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0.120

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d lg ik

, : . . , 2014, 1

 -
2
- -
. 10 % .
-.
/
0
0.5
1.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0

dE
d lg ik

0.125
0.125
0.120
0.120
0.125
0.130
0.110
0.120

dE
d lg CH +
0.090
0.060
0.100
0.120
0.100
0.110
0.100
0.120

lg iK

lg CH +
0.45
0.75
0.90
0.90
0.75
1.10
1.20
1.30

i H
(. 2).

. 2.
2 HCl
- (1 0.99 1; 2 0.05 1).

-
.

: - (10 . % ).
iH

.

1. .
/ ., .. . .: , 1964. 179 .

d H

d lg ik
0.125
0.125
0.120
0.120
0.125
0.130
0.110
0.100

d H
d lg CH +
0
0.050
0.040
0.075
0.065
0.100
0.090
0.100

lg ik

lg CH +

0
0.25
0.45
0.45
0.40
0.60
0.50
0.65

2. .. /
.. . .: , 1988. 240 .
3. ..
1: . . . / .. .
. 2011. 20 .
4. -

1 / .. [ .] // . 2012. . 12, 11.
.52 58.
5. -

/ .. [ .] // . : . 2013. . 18, 1. . 375 380.
6. Inuence of o-uorophenylbiguanidine
on the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction
on iron, the nature of rate-determining step and
hydrogen diffusion through a steel membrane / V.I.
Vigdorovich [et al.] // Journal of Electroanalytical
Chemistry. 2013. V. 689, 1. . 117 123.
7. Vigdorovich V.I. Influence of guanidine on
kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction on iron and its
diffusion through steel membrane in acidic chloride
media / V.I. Vigdorovich, L.E. Tsygankova, D.V.
Balybin // Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry.
2011. V. 653, 1. P. 1 6.
8. ..
/ .. , .. // . 1995. . 31, 4. . 441 444.

, : . . , 2014, 1

21

 . ., . ., .., . .

, ,
. .. ;
e-mail: omen044@rambler.ru,

Balybin Dmitrij V. candidate of chemical

sciences, assistant professor of analytical and
inorganic
chemistry
department,
Tambov
State University named after G.R. Derzhavin.
e-mail: omen044@rambler.ru

,
,
;
e-mail: vits21@mail.ru

Vigdorovich Vladimir I. doctor of chemical

sciences, professor of Chemistry of nanomaterials
department, Tambov State Technical University;
e-mail: vits21@mail.ru

, . .. ;
e-mail: allenka_tmb92@mail.ru

Kalinushkina Elena J. graduate student of

Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry,
Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzavin.
e-mail: allenka_tmb92@mail.ru

4 ,

.
..
;
e-mail: katyavrach1992@mail.ru

Popova Ekaterina D. student of speciality

Chemistry of Tambov State University named after
G.R. Derzhavin. e-mail: katyavrach1992@mail.ru

22

, : . . , 2014, 1

 544.653.2

-

. . , . . , . .

09.09.2013 .

. in situ
.

. , - .
: , , , , .
Abstract. It was shown the possibility to reveal an oxide film on copper surface by in situ method of
photopotential measurements. An effective constant of the rate of copper corrosion in the deoxygenated
alkaline solution under different conditions of the preliminary polarization by the data of coulometry and
chronopotentiometry with a synchronous registration of photopotential was calculated. It was established
that the transition from polycrystalline surface to single crystals sufficiently decelerates copper corrosion
by the traces of dissolved oxygen.
Key words: polycrystalline copper, copper single crystals, oxide formation, corrosion, photopotential.

[1-3].
:
2 Cu + O2 = Cu2O (G0 = -72.52 / [4]), ( 1 )
Cu2O (1)
(< 0.4 /),
(> 4 /) [5]. [6],
40 66
Cu2O 15 , 50 .


,
.


Eph
iph [7-10]. . ., . ., . ., 2014

.

Cu(II) [9],
Ag-Au [10]. p- , n-.
L,
,
[11]. ,
Eph

[7, 8], .
.

- .

, : . . , 2014, 1

23

 . ., . ., . .

[12-16].
, ,

.
9 - (111), 8 - (100),
7 11 - (110). 1.71015 -2 - (111) [12]
1.51015 -2 - (001) [13],


.
- [14] , - : (100) > (110) >
(111). - .

- [15]: (011) > (111) > (001).
,
. ,
- .

, (99.99% .) (99.999% .),

(100), (110) (111). Materials Technology & Crystals for Research, Development and
Production (Juelich, ) 2.

10 ,
MgO .
, [17].
0.1 M KOH ..
.. .

24

[18]
[7, 8]. - LIGITEK
= 400 . , -2, 7.121015 -2 -1.

:
) ;
)
E = -1.0 10 ;
) E = -1.0 10
-0.7 0.2 .
, .
IPC-ompact, .
,
.

60 ,
, .
,

. = -0.9 10
. L Q
q:
,

(2)

A ; z = 2 ; F = 96485 /; S ; r = 6.1 6.4 /3 Cu2O

CuO.

- .

0.1M KOH
(.1). ,

, : . . , 2014, 1

,
- . A1, [12,
13, 16, 19, 20]
e
ECu O,Cu/OH- = -0.295 ,
2
Cu(I). (A2 A'2 )
Cu(II), ;
Cu2O.

. 1. Cu-
0.1 KOH; 20 /
A1 A2 ,
A'2
-
.
K1 K2 , A2
,
Cu(II). ,
,
:
e
I (E < ECu
- )
2 O,Cu/OH
;
e
e
II ( ECu
)
- < E < E
CuO,Cu 2O/OH 2 O,Cu/OH
Cu(I);
e
III (E > ECuO,Cu 2O/OH- )
Cu(I) Cu(II)1.

.
)
. , ( )
,
,
, .
[7], , - (.
2). , Cu-
- ,
.

Eph ~ t. Eph
~ L2 [7, 8]

, :
Eph = K (L - L(0))2,
(3)
K ; L(0)
.
, Eph

, O2:
L(t) = L(0) + kcor t1/2,
(4)
kcor .
, (.
2) II, Cu(I). , Cu2O
.

Cu(hkl) (. 2)
. . 20-30
;
Ecor (. 2), II,
Cu2O. ,

Cu2O
CuO Cu(OH)2 ,
-0.091 -0.022 [4].
, : . . , 2014, 1
1

25

 . ., . ., . .

. 2. (, ) (, ) Cu(poly) (, ) Cu(hkl) (, ) 0.1 M KOH

Eph, , , Cu(110),
Cu(100).

Cu(hkl) Cu(poly)
. ,
Cu-
p- .
) I. ,

(. 3). 15-20
; ,
.
p-
,
Ecor (.3),

26

.
Ecor
,
Cu2O. , ,
(< 10-6 ),
u(I)
, ,
-.

Cu-, , (. 1).
E q,
.
, Cu-
60 ( ,
(1)) Cu(I),
qcor.

,

, : . . , 2014, 1

. 3. (, , ) (, , ) Cu(poly)
(, ) Cu(hkl)- (-) E = -0.7
,
, . q
. ,

, :
qcor = q - q.
(5)
e
ECu
- ,
2 O,Cu/OH
Cu2O . , q, -0.7 -0.3 , . q , ,
Cu(I) . ,
Cu(poly) ,
~20 .

,
.
,
Cu(110) Cu(111),

, (. 3, ). - ,
, ,
.
cor , ,
-0.20 ,
15-20 (. 3). , Cu2O 0.1 KOH.
, , ,
.
, Eph, Cu(110) Cu(111) , 1013 , Cu(poly)
, ,
Cu(I) .
, , B,
(. 3),

, : . . , 2014, 1

27

 . ., . ., . .

. ,
,
(. 3). ,
. 2

,
Cu(hkl)- - .
. 1 ,
: Ecor = -0.20 -0.22 (
) Cu(hkl) Ecor=0.00 0.05 ( ). , Cu2O,
Cu(110) Cu(poly) Ecor, 1, , Lcor Cu(111) .

) II. ,
e
E > ECu
- ,
2 O,Cu/OH
e
ECuO,Cu O/OH- .
2

II . Eph, , (. 4),
, p- . ,
, (. 4).
, Cu(I)
.
(. 1). E -0.2
, q > 0 (. 1). q ,

Cu(I). , qcor,
u2O -

, q ee q
, Cu(I) Lcor, qcor

E, B

q,

q,

qcor,

Lcor,

28

II

III

-0.7

-0.3

-0.2

-0.17

-0.15

-0.12

0.1

0.2

Cu(poly)

0.8

1.9

3.4

3.2

4.9

10.2

127.9

31.9

Cu(100)

2.5

2.5

2.5

80.0

26.0

Cu(110)

2.0

1.5

4.5

76.0

25.5

Cu(111)

1.5

1.5

3.0

86.5

26.0

Cu(poly)

17.5

18.1

12.5

6.2

10.2

15.3

16.5

69.1

43.4

Cu(100)

- / 6.0

4.0

3.5

6.5

27.0

7.5

Cu(110)

16.0 / 6.0

3.5

4.5

8.0

65.0

20.0

Cu(111)

36.0 / 2.0

2.0

3.0

4.5

66.5

20.5

Cu(poly)

17.5

17.4

10.6

1.5

7.0

10.4

8.3

11.5

Cu(100)

- / 6.0

1.5

1.0

4.0

Cu(110)

16.0 / 6.0

1.5

3.0

3.5

Cu(111)

36.0 / 2.0

0.5

1.5

1.5

Cu(poly)

21.4

21.2

12.9

3.5

8.5

12.7

10.1

14.0

Cu(100)

- / 7.3

1.8

1.2

4.9

Cu(110)

19.5 / 7.3

1.8

3.7

4.3

Cu(111)

43.9 / 2.4

0.6

1.8

1.8

, : . . , 2014, 1

. 4. (, ) (, ) Cu(poly) (, ) Cu(hkl) (, ) = -0.15 -0.12

, , I,
.
, qcor,
13 .
Eph t
: ,
E .
, ,
.
[7] Ag/
Ag2O/OH-. , ,

. , -,
.

Cu(hkl)-.
II Cu(I),

(. 4).
Eph -

, ,
. Ecor

(. 4), ,
.
, ,
Cu2O .

Cu(I), E
= -0.15 , Cu(100),
Eph. Lcor , .
) III.
-

(. 5, ), . ,
p- , .
, II, , ,
, -

, : . . , 2014, 1

29

 . ., . ., . .

q > qcor (.1).

.
, 10-
-
= 0.1 .
, 0.0 (. 5, ).
Cu(hkl) Cu(poly), q, CuO,
(.1). , Eph, ,
, , Cu(poly)
(. 5, ).
, Eph
, . , ,
, Cu(hkl),
Cu(poly).

. Eph(t), L(t),
dEph/dt,
. (3) (4), :
kcor = (dEph/dt 1/K)1/2
(6)
. 2


.


dEph/dt.

,
(20-30 )
II. I
dEph/dt
; II,
,
- . (30 ) II (-0.2 )

. 5. (, ) (, ) Cu(poly) (, ) Cu(hkl) (, ) 10 = 0.1

30

, : . . , 2014, 1

dEph/dt , I.
L,
,
,
, 20
. 10- II,
.
(6)
kcor . 6. ,
Cu(poly) .
.
II ,
, ,
Cu2O.
.

. 6.
E ; Cu(poly)


II. II III, Cu(II).
kcor

Eph(0), dEph / dt, L

kcor Cu(poly)
,

-0,70

-0,50

-0,30

-0,20

10
Eph(0),

18

20

L,

K, /2

kcor, /1/2

710-3

0.7

0.1

-0,15

-0,12

10

0.2

0.17

0.3

510

20

0.17

0.38

7.410-3

1010-3

2010-3

30

0.2

0.38

0.26

1010-3

2510-3

10

21.4

21.2

12,9

8,5

12.7

20

20,4

21.3

27.2

17.7

19,0

30

19.7

18.1

20.1

17.2

20.4

10

0.39

0.67

0.30

0.17

0.16

20

0.43

1.20

0.06

0.22

0.08

30

0.62

1.34

1.75

0.14

0.07

10

0.71

0.67

0.20

0.20

0.3

20

0.63

0.70

0.35

0.21

0.5

30

0.57

0.53

0.39

0.27

0.6

30
dEph / dt, /

20.7

0.47

0.60

, : . . , 2014, 1

-3

710

20
-3

1510-3

31

 . ., . ., . .

,
Cu2O CuO,
.
.

,
, .
,
I,
(. 3, ), , , . , ,
(.
3, ),
- .

in situ .

.
p-
, Cu(I) Cu(II),

- Cu-.

. ,

- . ,
.
,
.
Cu2O
.

, -

32

.
, .

. .
( 675)

1. . .
.
/ . . .-.: , 1966. 847 .
2. ..
/ .. . .:
, 1973. 264 .
3. . . - /
.. .: , 1984. 400 .
4. .. / .. , .. . : , 2005. 608 .
5. .. . . . .
. : . -, 1979. 168 .
6. North R.F. The influence of corrosion product
structure on the corrosion rate of Cu-Ni alloys /
R.F.North, M.J. Pryor // Corrosion science. 1970.
V.10, 5. P. 297-311.
7. Vvedenskii A. The influence of the conditions
of the anodic formation and the thickness of Ag(I)
oxide nanofilm on its semiconductor properties / A.
Vvedenskii, S. Grushevskaya,D. Kudryashov, S.
Ganzha // J. Solid State Electrochem. 2010.
V.14, 8. P. 1401-1413.
8. Vvedenskii A. The Features of Copper Oxidation
by the Data of Photocurrent and Photopotential
Studies / A. Vvedenskii, S. Grushevskaya, S. Ganzha,
S. Maksimova // Surface and Interface Analysis.
2010. V.42 P. 941-945.
9. Survila A. Oxide layers developed on copper
electrodes in Cu(II) solutions containing ligands / A.
Survila [et al.] // J. Electroanal. Chem. 2005.
V.582. P. 221-229.
10. ..
Ag,Au /
.. , .., .. -

, : . . , 2014, 1

[ .] // . 1984.
.20, 2. .232234.
11. .. / .. , .. .
.: , 1983. 312 .
12. Kunze J. In situ STM study of the duplex
passive films formed on Cu(111) and Cu(001) in 0,1
M NaOH / J. Kunze, V. Maurice, L.H. Klein, H.-H.
Strehblow, P. Marcus // Corr. Sci. 2004. V.46,
2. P. 245-264.
13. Kunze J. In situ STM study of the anodic
oxidation of Cu(001) in 0,1 M NaOH / J. Kunze,
V. Maurice, L.H. Klein, H.-H. Strehblow, P. Marcus
// J. Electroanal. hem. 2003. V.554-555.
P.113-125.
14. .. - - IB / .. ,
.. //
. 2009. .45, 4.
.358-365.
15. .. - -

IB / .. , .. //
. 2009. .45, 2. . 150-159.
16. Kunze J. In situ STM study of the effect of
chlorides on the initial stages of anodic oxidation of
Cu(111) in alkaline solutions / J. Kunze V. Maurice,
L.H. Klein, H.-H. Strehblow, P. Marcus // Electrochim.
Acta. 2003. V. 48, 9. P. 1157 - 1167.
17.
: / . . . ,
. . . .: , 1986. 256.
18. .. 66052 / ..
, .. , .. ,
.. // .. 2007. 24. .3.
19. Burke L.D. An investigation of the anodic
behavior of copper and its anodically produced oxides
in aqueous solutions of high pH / L.D. Burke, M.J.G.
Ahern, T.G. Ryan // J. Electrochem. Soc. 1990.
V.137, 2 P. 553561.
20. Chialvo M.R.G. The mechanism of oxidation
of copper in alkaline solutions, M.R.G. Chialvo,
S.L. Marchiano, A.J. Arvia // J. Appl. Electrochem.
1984. V.14, 2. P. 165-175.

Eliseev Dmitry S. post-graduate student of

physical chemistry department of Voronezh State
University

; e-mail: sg@chem.vsu.ru

Grushevskaya Svetlana N. associate professor

of physical chemistry department of Voronezh State
University; e-mail: sg@chem.vsu.ru

Abakumova Lyubov I. student of physical

chemistry department of Voronezh State University

, : . . , 2014, 1

33

 541.135.5:138.2

Ag,Pd-
. . , . . , . .

19.09.2013 .

.
Ag,Pd-, . -
, .
: , , , ,
- ,
Abstract. The effect of morphological development of an electrode surface during the anodic selective
dissolution of Ag,Pd-alloys based on silver is experimentally investigated. With the application of the
atomic force microscopy and voltammetry methods the rms roughness and surface development degree
are found in dependence of the anodic potential, electric charge and time of the potentiostatic polarization.
Key words: electrode surface development, homogeneous alloy, silver, palladium, atomic force
microscopy, voltammetry

,-,
,
[1]. ,

[2].
[3] [4],
S fr
. ,
, ,


,
S(t) fr(t) [5].
.
- ()
. ., . ., . ., 2014

34

[6]. ,

- ,
[7].


Ag,Pd- .

Ag-Pd
(XPd = 4 8 .%) . 0.1 M
NaNO3 + 0.001 M HNO3 + 0.001 M AgNO3 .
,
.
,

, : . . , 2014, 1

 Ag,Pd-

,
[8].
, , [8],
. 1.
1.

q Ag,Pd-
0.1 M NaNO3 + 0.001 M HNO3 + 0.001 M AgNO3

, (...)

q, /2

Ag4Pd

703

Ag8Pd

733

11

- Solver
P47PRO ( NSG 20)
.

-
22
Gwyddion 2.30.
Ag,Pd
0.5 H2SO4 [7]

() .

Pd-

(. 1 2).
- Ag4Pd,
= const, , ,
,
,

. , ,

.
Ag8Pd -
Q. ,
Q ,

,
,

. 1. ()-() - Ag4Pd () 0.1 NaNO3 + 0.001 M HNO3 + 0.001 M AgNO3

=888 Q = 96q (); 192q (); 290q (); 386q ();
() Ag4Pd
0.1 NaNO3 + 0.001 M HNO3 + 0.001 M AgNO3
, : . . , 2014, 1

35

 . ., . ., . .

.
,
,
,
,
.

Rq (. 1 2).

( 25142-82) ,
(rj) N
rj = 0
[6]:
1/ 2

1 N
R q = rj2
N j=1

(1)

, Rq .

(. 1 2), ,

Qa const , Rq . , , -

Ag,Pd-

- . fr(t) C
- ,

I
V (. 3).
, I,V-, ,
(. 3).

/,

fr(t) = 1 + constt,

(2)

df ( t )
dS ( t )
const = r

f r ( 0 ) dt S ( 0 ) dt

0.012 0.001 -1

. 2. (-) - Ag8Pd () 0.1 NaNO3 + 0.001 M HNO3 + 0.001 M AgNO3

: = 773 , Q = 35q (); = 823 , Q = 125q (); = 873
, Q = 404q (); = 903 , Q = 520q (); ()
Ag8Pd 0.1
NaNO3 + 0.001 M HNO3 + 0.001 M AgNO3

36

, : . . , 2014, 1

 Ag,Pd-

0.0520.003 -1 Ag4Pd Ag8Pd . Ag8Pd , Ag4Pd. ,

,
Ag8Pd , Ag4Pd (,
) .

.
Ag,Pd-
Ag,Pd-.

. 3. () Ag4Pd, 0.5 H2SO4

200 (), 300 (), 400 () 500 ()
/; ()
= 200 :
() -
( Qa = 48 () 193 () /
2) Ag4Pd

Ag,Pd- -

1. Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry: Corrosion and oxide films / Edit. Bard A.J., Stratmann M.,
Frankel G.S. Wiley-VCH, 2007. 745 p.
2. .. / .. [ .].
: - . -, 1988. 208 .
3. .. / ..
// . 1991. . 27,
6. .883-891.
4. Erlebacher J. Evolution of nanoporosity in
dealloying / J. Erlebacher [et al.] // Nature. 2001.
V. 410, 3. P. 450-453.
5. Vvedenskii A.V. Separation of Transient
Partial Fluxes of Nucleation/Growth of a New Phase
and Electrode Reaction by the Chronoamperometry
Method / A.V. Vvedenskii, O.A. Kozaderov, I.A.
Gutorov // Surface and Interface Analysis. 2010.
V. 42, 6-7. P. 629-635.
6. ..
/ .. , .. , ..
// .
. 1999. . 65, 9. .27-37.
7. Trasatti S. Real surface area measurements in
electrochemistry / S. Trasatti, O.A. Petrii // Pure &
Appl. Chem. 1991. V. 63, 5. P. 711-734.
8. ..
. IV. AgPd
| Ag+ / .. , .. , .. //
. 2012. . 48, 4. . 346-353.

, : . . , 2014, 1

37

 . ., . ., . .

;
e-mail: ok@chem.vsu.ru

Ikonnikova Eugenia V. aspirant, physical

chemistry department, Voronezh State University;
e-mail: ok@chem.vsu.ru

; e-mail: grechkina_m@mail.ru

Grechkina Margarita V. leading engineer,

semiconductor physics and microelectronics
department, Voronezh State University;
e-mail: grechkina_m@mail.ru

,
; e-mail: ok@chem.vsu.ru

Kozaderov Oleg A. candidate of chemical sciences, docent, physical chemistry department, Voronezh State University; e-mail: ok@chem.vsu.ru

38

, : . . , 2014, 1

 614.84:662

. . ,1,2 . . ,2,3 . . ,1 . . ,4 . . 4
- ,
2
,
3
,
4
,

26.07.2013 .

. 5, , .
.
. .
47
52 60 . , , .

.
: , , , , , , .
Abstract. Need for a choice of the most explosive liquid is arisen at designing and an estimation fire
and explosion safety of compartments of F5 class with different flammable liquids. One of solution ways
for this problem is application of explosion hazard criteria of flammable liquids. The complex index of
explosion hazard and specific safety volume have most approach for this aim. Therefore the comparative
analysis of these indexes on an admissibility of their practical application is actual problem. 47 flammable
fluids with flash point from -52 to 60 oC are taken in the capacity of subjects of investigation. It is shown
that application of the specific safety volume is more preferable than the complex index of explosion
hazard. The received results used by the design organizations in their practical activities.
Keywords: index, explosion hazard, flammable liquid, overpressure of explosion, complex index of
explosion hazard, specific safety volume, low combustion heat.

.1.1 [1] 5 .
,

( ),
. ,

[2, 3]. [4] ,
[5,
6], , [7]
.
. ., . ., . .,

. ., . ., 2014
, : . . , 2014, 1
39

 . ., . ., . ., . ., . .

() [8] (DV) [2-4, 9, 10].

DV
12.13130.2009 [1].
(1) [8],
(.4), (.12) (.13)
[1] .
, , [8].
, (1)

m /; D
, /; o , ; Z
; V
, 3; r -
, /3;
,
; W , /(2); F , 2;

, ; ,

;
, /; n ,
n = 1;
, ; 106 ,
/ /.
(1) ,

,

, ,
.
, .
(2) (3) [2-4, 9, 10] (.1) (.2)
[1],
(D ),

40

D > 5 .
.2.1 .2.2 [1] -
(2), (3).
, (2)
,

(3)

max , ;
r , /3; , % (.); p
, /();
, .
DV1 DV2 ,

.
, ,
.
, DV
, ,

.

47
, [11] [11-13] -
.

,
[11-15].
-, , , , , , 4-
DIPPR 801 [16]. . .1.1

3600 [1], () 0
/. 20
70C 10C.
. .2.1 [1] ,

, : . . , 2014, 1

(
22 45 [17]). , -

.
,
1.
1.

(t, C;
D , /;
max, )

20C

30C

40C

50C

60C

70C

3,2/4,9
0,19

6,0/8,9
0,35

10,7/15,5
0,61

18,5/25,8
1,01

30,7/41,6
1,63

49,3/64,8
2,54

(18; 45,017; 9002)

162,8/203,0
26,68

168,4/203,0
38,23

173,9/203,0
53,35

179,5/203,0
72,70

185,1/203,0
96,97

190,6/203,0
126,88

(40; 27,071; 9001)

112,0/150,1
18,09

115,8/150,1
26,10

119,6/150,1
36,64

123,4/150,1
50,21

127,3/150,1
67,33

131,1/150,2
88,53

(18; 31,360; 570)

78,2/175,5
5,87

80,9/175,6
9,02

83,5/175,6
13,43

86,2/175,6
19,47

88,9/175,6
27,52

91,6/175,6
38,03

(11; 40,576; 880)

71,3/91,5
3,59

117,1/145,4
5,70

185,4/222,8
8,74

215,5/251,0
12,98

222,2/251,0
18,72

228,9/251,0
26,34

(29; 28,280; 755)

5,8/8,6
2,53

10,9/15,7
4,61

19,5/27,2
8,74

33,5/45,3
13,32

55,3/72,4
21,32

88,1/112,0
32,96

-
(19; 28,202; 9001)

14,3/17,4
0,68

25,5/30,0
1,18

43,7/49,8
1,95

72,1/79,6
3,12

115,1/123,4
4,84

167,7/174,5
7,28

(35; 36,805; 720)

3,2/5,5
0,21

6,3/10,6
0,41

22,4/35,1
1,38

40,0/60,8
2,39

69,1/101,9
4,00

(23; 45,105; 850)

160,8/209,1
10,46

166,3/209,1
15,62

12,1/19,6
0,77
171,8/209,1

182,8/209,1
44,22

188,3/209,1
59,76

(60; 39,587; 9001)

0,5/0,6
0,03

1,2/1,5
0,06

22,66
2,6/3,3
0,13

177,3/209,1
32,03
5,6/6,8
0,27

11,3/13,3
0,52

21,5/24,6
0,96

(4; 44,919; 843)

39,8/53,8
15,82

67,8/88,5
26,06

111,0/140,2
41,28

175,3/214,6
63,16

183,1/217,5
93,73

188,6/217,5
135,31

(38; 14,440; 9001)

2,5/2,9
0,12

4,8/5,4
0,21

8,6/9,4
0,37

14,9/15,7
0,62

24,9/25,6
1,00

40,3/40,2
1,58

(47; 44,602; 9001)

1,8/2,2
0,09

3,6/4,3
0,17

6,8/7,8
0,31

12,2/13,6
0,54

21,2/23,0
0,90

35,6/37,4
1,47

63,3/178,2
20,11

65,4/178,2
29,37

67,6/178,2
41,67

69,8/178,2
57,63

71,9/178,2
77,90

74,1/178,2
103,17

2
(53; 24,4717; 620)

1,0/1,9
0,57

2,0/3,7
1,08

3,7/6,6
1,94

6,6/11,3
3,34

11,3/18,8
5,52

18,6/29,9
8,80

1,4-
(11; 24,8147; 820)

17,1/24,2
0,95

28,9/39,8
1,56

47,4/63,0
2,47

75,2/96,9
3,80

115,9/144,8
5,68

149,6/181,5
8,29

(43; 29,879; 735)

(30; 32,610; 480)

, : . . , 2014, 1

41

 . ., . ., . ., . ., . .

(t, C;
D , /;
max, )

1 ().

20C

30C

40C

50C

60C

70C

18,9/22,8
0,90

31,1/36,3
1,43

49,6/56,2
2,20

76,9/84,4
3,31

90,6/96,5
4,85

93,3/96,5
6,93

(14; 34,876; 720)

157,1/175,3
7,54

162,4/175,3
11,55

167,8/175,3
17,15

173,2/175,3
24,77

178,6/175,3
34,87

183,9/175,3
47,98

(41; 34,147; 720)

107,7/172,5
129,22

111,3/172,5
189,47

115,0/172,5
270,09

118,7/172,5
375,43

122,4/172,5
510,18

126,1/172,5
679,31

5,9/9,7
0,38

11,6/18,6
0,73

21,9/33,9
1,33

39,5/59,4
2,33

68,9/100,4
3,94

116,0/164,2
6,44

(52; 45,239; 9001)

163,9/198,4
29,44

169,5/198,4
41,90

175,1/198,4
58,14

180,7/198,4
78,86

186,3/198,5
104,78

191,9/198,5
136,72

(37; 46,663; 9001)

4,1/5,7
0,23

7,9/10,7
0,42

14,5/19,0
0,75

25,4/32,2
1,26

42,6/52,5
2,06

69,1/82,6
3,24

(14; 34,139; 634)

14,9/29,7
1,17

28,2/54,3
2,13

51,0/94,9
3,72

88,3/159,4
6,25

108,4/189,6
10,14

111,6/189,6
15,92

-
(28; 52,829; 765)

5,9/11,4
0,45

11,0/20,4
0,80

19,5/35,0
1,37

33,1/57,6
2,26

54,1/91,4
3,58

85,7/140,4
5,51

-
(31; 41,217; 764)

4,8/7,2
0,28

8,9/12,9
0,51

15,9/22,3
0,87

27,1/36,8
1,44

44,5/58,7
2,30

70.9/90,8
3,56

-
(26; 41,207; 765)

6,4/9,5
0,28

11,7/16,9
0,66

20,5/28,7
1,13

34,6/46,9
1,84

56,2/74,0
2,90

88,6/113,2
4,44

(6; 23,839; 620)

(6; 33,879; 9001)

3
(6; 31,453; 9001)

20,9/43,9
1,72

36,5/74,0
2,90

61,2/120,1
4,71

69,8/132,8
11,31

72,0/132,8
7,41

74,1/132,8
16,80

26,5/32,6
1,28

44,5/53,0
2,08

72,3/83,4
3,27

114,1/127,6
5,01

175,5/190,3
7,47

184,3/194,0
10,88

148,2/179,2
21,73

153,2/179,2
34,02

158,3/179,2
51,53

163,4/179,3
75,79

168,4/179,3
108,59

173,5/179,3
151,91

(31; 44,684; 9001)

4,7/5,8
0,23

9,1/10,8
0,42

16,6/19,1
0,75

29,1/32,5
1,27

49,0/53,0
2,08

79,6/83,5
3,28

(14; 44,787; 9001)

13,9/17,0
0,67

25,3/30,0
1,18

44,1/50,5
1,98

73,6/81,8
3,21

118,5/127,8
5,01

184,8/193,4
7,59

(44; 45,350; 850)

154,1/1105,0
163,44

159,4/1068,6
237,02

164,6/1034,4
334,49

169,9/1002,4
460,71

175,2/972,3
620,84

180,5/943,9
820,33

4-
(39; 36,702; 9001)

3,9/5,1
0,20

7,4/9,3
0,37

13,4/16,4
0,64

23,2/27,5
1,30

38,7/44,6
1,75

38,7/44,6
1,75

(20; 35,676; 950)

12,5/15,7
0,62

23,0/27,8
1,09

40,1/47,0
1,84

67,0/76,1
2,99

107,7/118,6
4,65

107,7/118,6
4,65

10,0/13,4
0,53

19,8/25,5
1,00

37,0/46,4
1,82

66,5/80,6
3,16

114,6/134,8
5,29

170,9/195,1
8,54

1,2-
(9; 10,873; 9001)

(28; 36,743; 745)

(23; 34,405; 9001)

42

, : . . , 2014, 1

(t, C;
D , /;
max, )

1 ().

20C

30C

40C

50C

60C

70C

(43; 14,020; 780)

103,7/123,6
4,85

108,5/125,0
7,08

112,1/125,1
10,07

115,6/125,1
13,97

119,2/125,1
18,98

122,8/125,1
25,29

(30; 43,888; 650)

3,9/7,7
0,30

7,0/13,4
0,53

12,1/22,5
0,88

20,3/36,5
1,43

32,9/57,5
2,25

52,1/88,2
3,46

4
(20; 34,730; 9001)

97,2/129,9
5,10

156,0/201,5
7,91

174,8/218,6
11,86

180,4/218,6
17,28

186,0/218,6
24,53

191,6/218,6
34,00

(7; 40,936; 634)

2,2,4-
(4; 44,647; 790)

(40; 13,097; 9001)

15,1/28,3
1,11

26,4/47,6
1,87

44,0/77,1
3,02

70,9/120,3
4,72

110,5/181,8
7,13

157,4/251,3
10,47

44,2/62,6
2,46

73,9/101,2
3,97

118,9/157,6
6,18

169,2/217,4
9,32

174,4/217,4
13,65

179,7/217,4
19,46

3,7/4,1
0,16

6,7/7,1
0,28

11,7/11,9
(0,47)

19,6/19,3
0,76

31,8/30,4
1,19

50,2/46,5
1,82

(29; 27,315; 558)

4,9/11,6
0,45

8,9/20,2
0,79

15,4/33,9
1,33

25,8/55,0
2,16

41,9/86,7
3,40

66,1/132,8
5,21

(17; 43,833; 860)

82,5/105,9
4,16

134,0/166,3
6,53

199,6/239,9
9,90

206,0/239,9
14,57

212,4/239,9
20,87

218,8/239,9
29,16

(3; 23,587; 852,6)

43,0/55,5
2,18

72,3/90,3
3,54

117,0/141,4
5,55

128,3/150,3
8,40

132,3/150,3
12,35

136,3/150,4
17,68

(20; 41,323; 9001)

8,4/10,5
0,41

15,3/18,5
0,72

26,7/31,2
1,22

44,8/50,7
1,99

72,6/79,7
3,13

114,1121,5
4,77

(13; 30,562; 680)

16,6/30,5
1,20

30,4/54,3
2,13

53,7/92,8
3,64

91,5/153,0
6,00

104,7/169,9
9,59

107,8/169,9
14,88

2,6/3,2
4,9/6,0
9,0/10,7
16,1/18,5
27,7/30,9
46,2/50,0
(40; 26,382; 9001)
0,13
0,24
0,42
0,73
1,21
1,96
1
2
3
4
. . .2.1 [1]. . .

1, ,
V1, V2
, V1 V2
12.13130.2009, . V1
V2
(.1) (.4),
[2-4, 10].

1 , V1,
, V2
70 50 70 .

V1
(. , , , , , ,
, 1,2-, ,
, , , , ,
, , 2,2,4-, , ),
(.1).
V2

, : . . , 2014, 1

43

 . ., . ., . ., . ., . .

V1. V2 (. ).

V, (V1+V2)/2.

, .
[1] .
(DV1+DV2)/2 5
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, ,
.
20 .

1. 23-01-99*
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39.
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39 . 2 ,
.
2.
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,

30
40
39

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129,6
129,5

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204,1
196,8

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73,2
70,1

81,3
129,2
124,4

1 (DV1+DV2)/2 196,83.
, 20
V = 196,820 = 3924 3, ..
(500 3) V, . 5.1 C [1]
( ).

44

1. 47
.
2. ,

DV1 DV2,

.
DV1 DV2
12.13130.2009.

DV
,
.
3.

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, .
12.13130.2009
.
4. DV1
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5. ,

[18-22].

1. 12.13130.2009. ,
. .- .
2. ..

/ .. [ .] // . 2012. . 21, 1. . 57-60.
3. .. ,
/ ..
[ .] // . 2012. . 12, . 5.
.770-778.
4. ..
/ ..

, : . . , 2014, 1

[ .] // .
2013. . 22, 9. . 19-24.
5. ..
/ .. ,
.. , .. // . 2005. 6. URL: http://www.css-rzd.ru/
vestnik-vniizht/v2005-6/v6-2.htm (
07.09.2013).
6. .. /
.. [ .] // .
2005. 6. .8185.
7. 2-1.1-321-2009. ,
. URL: http://www.snti.ru/ (
16.09.2013).
8. ..
/ .., .. // . 2012. 1. .49-66.
9. .. / .. [ .] // . 2009. . 18, 2.
.20-23.
10. .. 12.13130.2009 - / ..
[ .] // .
2013. . 22, 10. . 34-39.
11. 105-95


- .
. 2012. 2 (48).
12. .. : : 2- . / .. ,

.. . .: . , 2004.
. 1. 713 .
13. .. : : 2- . / .. ,
.. . .: . , 2004.
. 2. 774 .
14. . .
/ .
[ .]. .: - . -, 1958. 520 .
15. Smallwood I.M. Handbook of Organic Solvent
Properties / I.M. Smallwood. N.Y.: Halsted Press,
1996. 303 pp.
16. Chemical Database DIPPR 801. URL: http://
www.aiche.org/dippr. ( 10.09.11.09.2013).
17. 23-01-99*. . .- .
18. .. /
.. [ .] // .
2005. 6. .81-85.
19. .. - -
/ .. [ .] //
. - .
. 2013. 1. . 121-127.
20. .. - -
/ .. [ .] // . 2013. 22, 4.
. 22-27.
21. .. -
/ .. [ .] //

. 2011. . 7, 8. . 206-208.

. .
, , .-. ,
-
, ; e-mail: 3608113@mail.
ru)

Alexeev Sergey G. Candidate of Chemistry

Sciences, Associate Professor, Corresponding
Member of WASCS, senior researcher of Science
and Engineering Centre Reliability and Safety
of Large Systems of Ural Branch of Russian
Academy of Sciences, senior researcher of Ural
State Fire Service Institute of Emercom of Russia;
e-mail address: 3608113@mail.ru)

, : . . , 2014, 1

45

 . ., . ., . ., . ., . .

-
, , -

; e-mail: rina04@rambler.ru

Pishchalnikov Alexey V. Postgraduate Student

of Science and Engineering Centre Reliability and
Safety of Large Systems of Ural Branch of Russian
Academy of Sciences; Head of Laboratory of
Forensic Expert Establishment of Federal Fire Service
Testing Fire Laboratory for the Perm Region;
e-mail address: rina04@rambler.ru

- . ,
. . ,
,
; e-mail: NMBarbin@
mail.ru

Barbin Nikolay M. Doctor of Technical

Sciences, Head of Chemistry Department, Ural State
Agrarian University, Senior Researcher, Ural State
Fire Service Institute of Emercom of Russia; e-mail:
NMBarbin@mail.ru

- . ,
, ;
e-mail: a_kalach@mail.ru

Kalach Andrey V. Doctor of Chemical Sciences,

Associate Professor, vice-rector on scientific work of
Voronezh State Fire Service Institute of Emercom of
Russia; e-mail address: a_kalach@mail.ru

. .
, - ; e-mail:
evkalach@gmail.com

Kalach Elena V. Candidate of Technical

Sciences, Senior Lecturer Department of Physics
on Scientific Work of Voronezh State Fire Service
Institute of Emercom of Russia; e-mail: evkalach@
gmail.com

46

, : . . , 2014, 1


612.129

. . 1, . . 1, . . 2, . . 3, . . 1, . . 3,
. . 3, . . 3, . . 1
1

. . .
2

3

21.06.2011 .

.
.
, .
: , .
Abstract. The results of investigation defrosting and heating by microwave radiation of fresh frozen
plasma. Defrosting and heating carried out automatically by an algorithm that takes into account not
Markov process.
Keywords: transfusiology, fresh frozen plasma.

( -01262-17, 312-201-10 .)
,
Sahara (Sarstedt, AG & Co). ,
, ().
40
[1].
, , .
,
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20 . . ., . ., . .,
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. ., . ., 2014

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. ,
, .
[3]
,
[4]. ,


.

,
, [3].

, .

WesLabs Plasma Defroster, Westmorland Labs, Inc.,
New Brunswick, Canada, [5].

, : . . , 2014, 1

47

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-46 (,
);
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, : . . , 2014, 1

49

 . ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . .

108970 ( 22.02.2011).
4. ..
/ .., .. : . 1963.
178 .
5. Thawing fresh frozen plasma in a microwave
oven: a comparison with thawing in 37oC water bath
/ Churchill W.H. [et al.] // Am. J. Clinical Pathology.
1992. Vol. 97. P. 227-232.

. .

. ...

Bugrimov Daniel Y. PhD. Senior Scientist.

Director of the Institute of Experimental Biology and
Medicine. Voronezh State Medical Academy . NN
Burdenko.

.
. ...

Vasilenko Dmitry V. PhD. Associate Professor.

Department of Biochemistry . Voronezh State Medical
Academy NN Burdenko.

. .

10 ().

Efimov Alexander S. PhD. doctor of the highest

category . head of gravitational blood surgery BUZ
Voronezh region Voronezh City Hospital ambulance
number 10 ( Electronics ).

- . . .

Zones Boris A. Doctor of Physical and

Mathematical Sciences. Professor. Head of the
Department of Mathematical Physics. Voronezh State
University.

. . .. .

Kunin Vadim A. Doctor of Medicine. ViceRector of Voronezh State Medical Academy N.N.
Burdenko.

- .
.

Likholet Alexander N. PhD. senior researcher

at the Department of Mathematical Physics . Voronezh
State University .

Naskidashvili Vasily I. Senior Researcher

Department of Mathematical Physics . Voronezh
State University.

1. Sherman L.A. A new rapid method for thawing

fresh frozen plasma / L.A.Sherman. I.M.Dorner //
Transfusion. 1974. Vol. 14. P. 595-597.
2. Temperature course and distribution during
plasma heating with a microwave device/ J. Hirsh [et
al.] // Anaesthesia. 2003. Vol. 58. P.444-447.
3.
/ .. . // -

50

, : . . , 2014, 1

Nevezhen Evgeny V. senior researcher of

semiconductor and microelectronics Voronezh State
University.

.
. ..; e-mail: tsvn@front.ru.

Tsvetikova Lubov N. PhD. Senior Researcher at

the Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Voronezh State Medical Academy NN Burdenko;
e-mail: tsvn@front.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

51

 504.4.054(470.324)

. . 1, . . 1, . . 1, . . 2

-
. .. ()
1

25.09.2012 .

. , , ,
, - . .
: , , , , .
Abstract. The system of monitoring of the water environment in a zone of an arrangement of the New
Voronezh nuclear station, developed on the basis of data on hydrochemistry and hydrobiology, allows to
receive and process operatively integrated information on a condition of water objects, to reveal limiting
factors, to establish sizes of permissible anthropogenous load on ecosystems taking into account zone and
provincial features. It forms a basis for forecasting of their condition and development of a complex of
actions for rational use and protection.
Keywords: Base, rather steady, dynamic and regime parameters of monitoring, ecosystem,
hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators.

.
.


-
, :
- ,

, . ., . ., . . ,
. ., 2014

52

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, - ,
,
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1. ..
: . ... - . : 03.00.27,
03.00.16 / .. . , 2006. 403 c.

- (
14.B37.21.0180)

, , , ; e-mail:
riw86@rambler.ru

Devjatova Tatyana A. Doctor of Biological

Science, Professor Managing hair of ecology and
land resources, Voronezh state university; e-mail:
riw86@rambler.ru

, ; e-mail:
riw86@rambler.ru

Rumyantseva Irina V. ssistant to chair

of ecology and ground resources, Voronezh state
university; e-mail: riw86@rambler.ru

, , , ; e-mail: aa_voronin@
pochtamt.ru

Voronin Andrey A. andidate of agricultural

sciences, assistant professor of Ecology and ground
resources department, Voronezh State University;
e-mail: aa_voronin@pochtamt.ru

,
, -
. .. (); e-mail:
rogex@yandex.ru

Bogachyov Mikhail I. Candidate of Technical

Sciences, senior research associate chairs of
biotechnical systems, The St. Petersburg state
electrotechnical university LETI of V.I.Ulyanov
(Lenin); e-mail: rogex@yandex.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

55

 612.821

. . , . . , . .
- . .. .. (. )

. .
. : ,
, .
: , , .
Abstract. Data of ecological crisis peculiarities in a contemporary large industrial citi are presented
in the article. The basic directions of environment quality regulation by means of economic and law
mechanism are shown.
Keywords: industrial city, ecology, damage of environment, ecological ckisis.

.
, , - .

,
.
:
- ;
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;
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.
, , , [1, 2].
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56

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, : . . , 2014, 1

59

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1.
2009 .: /

. : , 2010 .45.
2. .. - / .. [ .]. :
, 1996 . 166.
3. .. .
/ .. , .. .
.: , 2000 214 .
4. ..
: - , 30 2005 . / ..
, .. , .. . : . 2005 . 27-35.
5. Warren H.V. In Eviromental Medicine (Ch.2)
/ Eds. G. Home and J.A.Loraine, Wm Heinemann //
Medical Books.Lnd, 1973 P. 215.
6. .. : ,
, , -
/ .. . : , 1998
.174.

, ,
- .

Kozlov Alexander T. Doctor of Biological

Sciences, professor, the Head of the Chair of Ecology
and Life Safety of Voronezh Air Force Engineering
University

, - .

Belsky Natalia V. docent the Head of the Chair

of Ecology and Life Safety of Voronezh Air Force
Engineering University

Kozlov Nicolay A. aspirant Voronesh State

Forestry Academy

60

, : . . , 2014, 1

 631.445.1:631.43(470.324)

-

. .

07.05.2012 .

. -
.
, .
: , , , , .
Abstract. The features of water and physical properties of alluvial meadow loamy soils of Upper
Don are investigated. The dependence of their basic parameters on basic features of alluvial adjournment
forming a polycyclic type of a structure of flood-lands is shown.
Keywords: alluvial soils, basic properties, parameters of a moisture capacity, productive moisture,
stocks.

. 125 ,
53
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336 . , 30 %
[1].

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, : . . , 2014, 1

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5.7
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, : . . , 2014, 1

,
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, , .

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020 4053, 050 102129
0100 193233 [3]. -

1823,
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( = ) . ,
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.

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. . 2006. 1. .8595.
2. / .
.. , ... . : -
, 2007. 616.
3. .. / .., ... .: , 1986. 416.
4. .. / ...
.: - , 2005. 432.
5. ..
/ .. // . . . -. : . . . 2009. 1. .6774.
6. .. / ... .: , 1965.
.1. 664.

, : . . , 2014, 1

65

 . .

..., ; e-mail: v.a.korolev@mail.ru

66

Korolev Valery A. Doctor of Science

(Biology), Professor, Chair of Soil Science and
Ground Resources Management of Voronezh State
University; e-mail: v.a.korolev@mail.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

: 598.2 : 598.829 (471.4)

MOTACILLA FLAVA LINNAEUS, 1758
MOTACILLA CITREOLA PALLAS, 1776 (PASSERIFORMES,
MOTACILLIDAE, MOTACILLINAE)
. . , . .
. ..
28.08.2011 .

.
Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758 Motacilla citreola Pallas, 1776 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae, Motacillinae) XIXXX ., , , .
: , , , , , , , , , , , .
Abstract. Critical estimation of literary information about yellow wagtail and yellow-headed wagtail
Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758 and Motacilla citreola Pallas, 1776 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae,
Motacillinae) is carrying out on boundary XIXXX centuries, estimation of contemporary quantity, limited
factories and regularities of specieses distribution on research territory of European part of Russia and the
Middle Volga Region are gived.
Key words: distribution, population, cenose, landscape, areal, ornithofauna, species, nesting biotope,
forage reserve, birds, yellow wagtails, Motacillidae, Middle Volga Region.

Motacilla flava Linnaeus,

1758 Motacilla citreola
Pallas, 1776 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae, Motacillinae)
Motacilla flava L. in
sensu lato,
.
M. flava, M. citreola
. M. flava,
M. citreola ,
. M. c. citreola M. c. werae
, , .
M. flava, M.
citreola, -
(, , , . ., . ., 2014

). M. flava, M. c.
citreola M. c. werae , , , , , ,
, -,
, , .

M. flava, M. citreola XIXXX ., ,

. M .flava
.

.

() M. flava .
: , , -

, : . . , 2014, 1

67

 . ., . .

M. flava, M. citreola.

t-
(tSt).

(. .) M. flava 134 ., M. citreola 63 .,

(. ) M. flava
142 ., M citreola 58 .,
(. ) M. flava 33 ., M. citreola 7
.,
M. flava 53 ., M. citreola 8 .,
M. flava
9 ., M. citreola 4 .,
. . . M. flava 15 , M.
citreola 17 ., 19782013 . ( .. ,
.. .. (M. flava 643 ., M. citreola 565 .), (M. flava 397 ., M. citreola 235
.), (M. flava 432 ., M. citreola
350 .), (M. flava 67 ., M. citreola 43 .), (M. flava 25 ., M.
citreola 30 .) , (M. flava 33
., M. citreola 40 .)
20092010 . (M. flava
492 ., M. citreola 352 .), M. flava
198 ., M. citreola 98 . .
M. flava 2475 ., M. citreola 1772 . ,
, , ,
, , , 19782013 (. 1.)
:
, ,
, , ,

.


1:300000 1:600000;
GPS- (Garmin eTrex Venture), Google
Earth Pro.

68

. 1. ( 5
) 1981 2011 .
.

XIX-
.:
M. flava ,
,
, , , , , -
.
12 [1].
M. f. flava Linnaeus, 1758
. . M. f.
thunbergi Billberg, 1828
, , , . M. f.
plexa Thayeret et Bangs, 1914
. , , . M.
f. alascensis Ridgway, 1903 ,
-

, : . . , 2014, 1

 motacilla flava linnaeus

. M. f. simillima Hartert, 1905 .

M. f. macronyx Stresemann, 1920
. M. f. zaissanensis Poljakow,
1911 . . . M.
f. leucocephala Przewalski, 1887 - , . M. f. bema Sykes,
1832 . , ,
. M. f. cinereocapilla Savi, 1831 , , , . M. f. iberiae
Hartert, 1921 -, , , - . M. f. pygmaea Brehm, 1854
. .
,
( ), ,
[2]. . M. flava,
() - [3,4]. M. f. flava
M. f. thunbergi ,
, , , , , [4]. M. f. beema
(, ) -.

,
, , - ,
. M. flava [5].
M. flava
- ,
M. f. flava Linnaeus, 1758; M. f.
thunbergi Billberg, 1828; M.
f. bema Sykes, 1832; - M. f. leucocephala Przewalski, 1887 [5].


M. f. flava. .. [5]
610.., , , . . [5],
.. [6] ,
, M. f. flava
M. f. thunbergi [3].
M. f. flava ..
[6] 60-61- , . .
, . ,
.

M.f.flava
[3].
XX M.f.thunbergi , , . (),
,
.. [5] .
XIX .. M.f.thunbergi
. , , ,
, , .. 56 ..
.. [6]
60- [6] (. 2).

. 2.
Motacilla flava L., Motacilla lutea (S. G.
Gmelin) Motacilla citreola Pall.
: 1 M. f.
flava; 2 M. f. thunbergi; 3 M. f. beema; 4 M.
lutea; 5 M. c. werae.
M. citreola .
Motacilla c. citreola Pallas, 1776.
, , Motacilla c. werae Buturlin, 1907.
Motacilla c. calcarata Hodgson, 1836, -
, ,

, : . . , 2014, 1

69

 . ., . .

. Motacilla . weigold Rensch,

1933
[5,6]. ..
M. c. guassatrix Portenko [1]. M.
citreola
, . [2], ,
[5].
- () -
: - M. c. citreola Pallas, 1776
- . . werae Buturlin, 1908 [6].
2006 M. c. werae Buturlin,

M. werae werae
Buturlin, 1908 [5]. .. [6] M. c. werae Buturlin
M. citreola.
, , ,
,
,
[4]. ,

M. c.
werae But.
M. f.
thunbergi, M. f. flava M.lutea
lutea, M. lutea lutea M. f. beema [5,6].
M. citreola ,
, .
; (70-710. ..);
480 .. ,

. M. citreola
, , ,
, , ,
, , , -.

, .
[6]. .. [5] ,
.
:

70

.. M.f.flava
, , M.f.thunbergi [6]. -
M.f.flava, .
M.f.thunbergi (,
, - ) [6].
M.f.flava ( -)
. ,
, , .
M.f.flava [6].
M.f.thunbergi
, . 923.08.2007 . 21
27.08.2011 .
. 65 M.f.flava. M.f.thunbergi
. M.f.flava
M.f.thunbergi .
- M.f.flava
, M.f.thunbergi
,
M.f.bema .
, M.flava
[1].
M.flava [7],
, M.flava
[7]. M.flava . . (29.06.1990
.) , . . (21.06.1993 .) . .
, M.flava
.
,
,
. M.flava
.

, : . . , 2014, 1

 motacilla flava linnaeus

, ,
. . 3, 4
M.flava.

), ,
, ().
, , , ,
, , , ,
, /
(, , ),
, , -

. 3. Motacilla flava
Linnaeus, 1758 .

M. c. werae (. . , . . ),
M. flava beema M. lutea lutea [7]. 30 -
( ,
..).
M. citreola
: (. c. citreola) - -, (. c. werae) -.
XX
,
-

. 4. Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758 .

(600 ..). M. c. citreola
M. c. werae
. [4].

:

M. flava
,
( ) , , [2,5]. M. flava
, ,
(-

, : . . , 2014, 1

71

 . ., . .

, [2, 5, 8]. M.
flava ()

,
, , [5].
M. flava
, 23 410 . M.flava
,
(), .

. , , M.flava
24 , .
,
.
, M.flava

( ,
,
) [5]. M.f.flava , ,
. .f.thunbergi
, [6].
M. citreola . M. citreola
, ,
, ,
, , ,
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, : . . , 2014, 1

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. 6. Motacilla flava
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-
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, : . . , 2014, 1

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.

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1.05.2002 .

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. (28.06.2003 .) . . ( . ) ,
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, : . . , 2014, 1

 motacilla flava linnaeus

. 1972 .
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. M. citreola

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, : . . , 2014, 1

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.
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. 09-04-97012__.

1. .. . .4 / .. . .-.: , 1960. 416 .

2. Cramp S. The Birds the Western Palaearctic / S.
Cramp. Oxford Univ. Press, 1988. P.11063.
3. .. / . ., . , . . .: , 2006. . 146148.
4. ..
. .
2, 1 / .. . :
+, 2006. 448 .
5. .. .
.5/ .. . .: , 1954.
.594690.
6. ..
/ .. . .: , 1990.
366 .
7. : 5 .

, : . . , 2014, 1

 motacilla flava linnaeus

. IV. / .. [
.] / . - . .. .
: - . -, 2009. 268 .
8. ..
Motacillidae / .. // . . .: , 1978.
. 145157.

9. ..

Motacilla L., 1785 ( Budytes) / .. .
. . . . . .: ,
2001. 19 .

. ..
; e-mail: hart5590@gmail.com

Artemyeva Elena A. the professor of zoology

department, The Uluanovsk State Pedagogical
University of I.N. Ulyanovsk); e-mail: hart5590@
gmail.com

-
; e-mail: pliska58@mail.ru

Muraviev Igor V. docent of nature and

mathematical education, The Penza Institut of
Education Development; e-mail: pliska58@mail.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

77

 595.7

Dolichopodidae (Diptera)
.. , .. , ..

16.02.2014 .

. 19 Dolichopodidae (Diptera). 16 . ,
, Dolichopodidae .
: Diptera, Dolichopodidae, , .
Abstract. The morphometric data of 19 genera of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) have been investigated for
revelation of quantitative signs. Six sections of habitus were measured and 16 coefficients of ratios were
obtained. Coefficients showed maximally significant differences are suggested for using for diagnosing
Dolichopodidaes genera.
Keywords: Diptera, Dolichopodidae, habitus, generic signs.

,
Dolichopodidae (Diptera) [1-8]. ,
.

.

[9]. Syrphidae
(Diptera) ,
100%
[10]. Dolichopodidae [11].

,
, Dolichopodidae
.

Dolichopodi . ., . ., . . , 2014

78

dae
, . Adobe Illustrator.
243 , 19 :
Achalcus cinereus (Haliday, 1851), A. dytei Pollet
et Cumming, 1998, A. flavicollis (Meigen, 1824), A.
vaillanti Brunhes, 1987.
Argyra argentina (Meigen, 1824), A. argyria
(Meigen, 1824), A. auricollis (Meigen, 1824), A.
diaphana (Fabricius, 1775), A. elongata (Zetterstedt,
1843), A. ilonae Gosseries, 1989, A. leucocephala
(Meigen, 1824), A. magnicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838),
A. perplexa Becker, 1918, A. setulipes Becker, 1918,
A. spoliata Kowarz, 1879, A. takagii Negrobov &
Sat, 2009, A. vestita (Wiedemann, 1817).
Campsicnemus armatus (Zetterstedt, 1849),
C. articulatellus (Zetterstedt, 1843), C. barbitibia
Stackelberg, 1947, C. compeditus Loew, 1857, C.
curvipes (Fallen, 1823), C. konstantini Grichanov,
2011, C. loripes (Haliday, 1832), C. lumbatus Loew,
1857, C. marginatus Loew, 1857, C. picticornis
(Zetterstedt, 1843), C. pusillus (Meigen, 1824), C.
scambus (Fallen, 1823), C. umbripennis Loew, 1856,
C. zlobini Grichanov, 2012.
Chrysosoma complicatum Becker, 1922, C.
crinicorne (Wiedemann, 1824), C. leucopogon
(Wiedemann, 1824), C. pseudocallosum Bickel, 1994.

, : . . , 2014, 1

 Dolichopodidae (Diptera)

Chrysotus angulicornis Kowarz, 1874, C. arcticus

Frey, 1915, C. cilipes Meigen, 1824, C. femoratus
Bigot, 1890, C. gramineus (Fallen, 1823), C. laesus
(Wiedemann, 1817), C. longipalpus Aldrich, 1896,
C. neglectus (Wiedemann, 1817), C. obscuripes
Zetterstedt, 1838, C. pennatus Lichtwardt, 1902, C.
pulchellus Kowarz, 1874, C. smithi Negrobov, 1980,
C. viridifemoratus von Roser, 1840.
Dolichopus acuticornis Fallen, 1823, D. albifrons
Loew, 1859, D. angustipennis Kertesz, 1901, D.
annulipes Zetterstedt, 1838, D. apicalis Zetterstedt,
1849, D. argyrotarsis Wahlberg, 1850, D. armillatus
Wahlberg, 1850, D. atratus Meigen, 1824, D. atripes
Meigen, 1824, D. bonsdorffi Frey, 1915, D. brevipennis
Meigen, 1824, D. caligatus Wahlberg, 1850, D.
campestris Meigen, 1824, D. cinctipes Wahlberg,
1850, D. claviger Stannius, 1831, D. consimilis
Wahlberg, 1850, D. cruralis Wahlberg, 1850, D.
diadema Haliday, 1832, D. discifer Stannius, 1831, D.
discimanus Wahlberg, 1851, D. griseipennis Stannius,
1831, D. gubernator Mik, 1878, D. latipennis Fallen,
1823, D. lepidus Staeger, 1842, D. linearis Meigen,
1824, D. longicornis (Fabricius,1775), D. longitarsis
Stannius, 1831, D. maculatus (Parent, 1936), D.
maculipennis Zetterstedt, 1843, D. mannerheimi
Zetterstedt, 1838, D. mediicornis Verrall, 1875, D.
migrans Becker, 1917, D. nigricornis Becker, 1917, D.
nitidus Macquart, 1827, D. notatus (Fabricius, 1781),
D. nubilus Meigen, 1824, D. pennatus Meigen, 1824,
D. picipes Haliday, 1851, D. planitarsis Meigen,
1824, D. plumipes (Scopoli, 1763), D. popularis
Wiedemann, 1817, D. pseudomigrans Ringdahl,
1928, D. punctum Meigen, 1824, D. remipes
Wahlberg, 1839, D. rezvorum Stackelberg, 1930, D.
rupestris Haliday, 1833, D. sabinus Haliday, 1838,
D. simplex Meigen, 1824, D. subpennatus d'Assis
Fonseca, 1976, D. thalhammeri Knezy, 1929, D.
trivialis Haliday, 1832, D. ungulatus Loew, 1850, D.
vitripennis Meigen, 1824, D. wahlbergi Zetterstedt,
1843, D. zetterstedti Stenhammar, 1851.
Hercostomus aerosus Becker, 1924, H.
albibarbus Negrobov, 1976, H. albiceps (Loew,
1861), H. angustifrons (Staeger, 1842), H. apollo
(Loew, 1869), H. appendiculatus (Loew, 1859), H.
blepharopus Loew, 1871, H. brevicornis (Staeger,
1842), H. brevidigitalis Zhang, Yang, Grootaert,
2008, H. caucasicus Stackelberg, 1933, H. celer
(Meigen, 1824), H. chetifer (Walker, 1849), H.
excisilamellatus Parent, 1944, H. flaviventris
(Robinson, 1964), H. fuscipennis (Meigen, 1824),
H. germanus (Wiedemann, 1817), H. grandicercus
Negrobov et Nechay, 2009, H. kedrovicus Negrobov

et Logvinovskij, 1977, H. lanceolatus Zhang,

Yang, Grootaert, 2008, H. laufferi (Strobl,1909), H.
longiventris (Loew, 1857), H. meieri Zhang, Yang,
Grootaert, 2008, H. meniscus (Loew, 1864), H.
metallicus (Stannius, 1831), H. nanus (Macquart,
1827), H. nigrilamellatus (Macquart, 1827), H.
nigripennis (Fallen, 1823), H. nigriplantis (Stannius,
1831), H. phoebus Parent, 1927, H. pilifer (Loew,
1859), H. pterostichoides Stackelberg, 1934, H.
rivulorum Stackelberg, 1933, H. rohdendorfi
Stackelberg, 1933, H. rubroviridis Parent, 1927, H.
sahlbergi (Zetterstedt, 1838), H. stroblianus Becker,
1917.
Hydrophorus albiceps Frey, 1915, H. alpinus
Wahlberg, 1844, H. altivagus Aldrich, 1911, H.
bipunctatus (Lehmann, 1822), H. borealis Verrall,
1905, H. brunnicosus Loew, 1857, H. cinipunctus
Negrobov, 1975, H. geminus Frey, 1915, H.
litoreus Fallen, 1823, H. nebulosus Fallen, 1823, H.
norvegicus Ringdahl, 1928, H. oceanus (Macquart,
1838), H. pectinatus Gerstacker, 1864, H. pilipes
Frey, 1915, H. praecox (Lehmann, 1822), H. signifer
Coquillett, 1899.
Medetera adjaniae Gosseries, 1989, M. collarti
Negrobov, 1967, M. diadema (Linnaeus, 1767), M.
flavipes Meigen, 1824, M. glaua Loew, 1869, M.
jacula (Fallen, 1823), M. normalis Curran, 1924, M.
setiventris Thuneberg, 1955, M. truncorum Meigen,
1824.
Neurigona abdominalis (Fallen, 1823), N.
angulata De Meijere, 1916, N. biflexa Strobl, 1909,
N. cilipes (Oldenberg, 1904), N. pallida (Fallen,
1823), N. pectinata Becker, 1922, N. pseudolongipes
Negrobov, 1987, N. quadrifasciata (Fabricius,1781),
N. suturalis (Fallen, 1823), N. squamifera Parent, 1935,
Poecilobothrus chrysozygos (Wiedemann, 1817),
P. flavifemoratus Grichanov et Tongue, 2010, P.
nobilitatus (Linnaeus, 1767), P. regalis (Meigen,
1824), P. varicoloris (Becker, 1917).
Rhaphium albifrons Zetterstedt, 1843, R.
appendiculatum Zetterstedt, 1849, R. basale Loew,
1850, R. caliginosum Meigen, 1824, R. commune
(Meigen, 1824), R. confine Zetterstedt, 1843, R.
crassipes (Meigen, 1824), R. discolor Zetterstedt,
1838, R. elegantulum (Meigen, 1824), R. fasciatum
Meigen, 1824, R. fascipes (Meigen, 1824), R.
flavilabre Negrobov, 1979, R. glaciale (Ringdahl,
1920), R. lanceolatum Loew, 1850, R. laticorne
(Fallen, 1823), R. longicorne (Fallen, 1823), R.
nasutum (Fallen, 1823), R. patulum (Raddatz, 1873),
R. riparium (Meigen, 1824), R. tridactylum (Frey,
1915), R. umbripenne (Frey, 1915).

, : . . , 2014, 1

79

 . ., . ., . .

Sciapus contristans (Wiedemann, 1817), S. euzonus (Loew, 1859), S. flavicinctus (Loew, 1857), S.
nervosus (Lehmann, 1822), S. opacus (Loew, 1866),
S. pallens (Wiedemann, 1830), S. paradoxus Negrobov et Shamshev, 1986, S. platypterus (Fabricius,
1805), S. wiedemanni (Fallen, 1823).
Sybistroma eucera (Loew, 1861), S. obscurella
(Fallen, 1823), S. transcaucasica (Stackelberg, 1941).
Sympycnus desoutteri Parent, 1925, S. simplicipes Becker, 1908, S. simplicitarsis Becker, 1900, S.
spiculatus Gerstcker, 1864.
Syntormon bicolorellus (Zetterstedt, 1843), S.
denticulatus (Zetterstedt, 1843), S. pallipes (Fabricius, 1794), S. pumilus (Meigen, 1824), S. zelleri
(Loew, 1850).
Tachytrechus ammobates (Haliday,1851), T. hamatus Loew, 1871, T. planitarsis Becker, 1907, T. ripicola Loew, 1857, T. tessellatus (Macquart, 1842), T.
vinogradovi Stackelberg, 1941.
Thinophilus asiobates Evenhuis et Grootaert,
2002, T. flavipalpis (Zetterstedt, 1843), T. indigenus
Becker, 1902, T. longicilia Evenhuis et Grootaert, 2002,
T. nitens Grootaert et Meuffels, 2001, T. palpatus Parent, 1929, T. setiventris Grootaert et Meuffels, 2001,
T. tesselatus Becker, 1922, T. versutus Haliday, 1851.
Xanthochlorus luridus Negrobov, 1978, X. ornatus (Haliday, 1832), X. tenellus (Wiedemann, 1817).
: , ,
, ,
( , ), (
R4+5) (. 1).
Dolichopodidae
:
1. ; 2. ; 3.
; 4.
; 5.
; 6.
; 7. ;
8. ; 9. ; 10.
; 11.
; 12.
; 13.
; 14.
; 15.
; 16.
.

80

. 1. , .
, .
, .
.

. , Achalcus
Lw., Chrysosoma Guer., Chrysotus Meig., Dolichopus Latr., Poecilobothrus Mik., Sybistroma Meig.,
Sympycnus Lw., Syntormon Lw., Xanthochlorus Lw.
- . .
,
Argyra
:
(0.920.14),
(0.750.13),
(0.740.09). Campsicnemus
-

, : . . , 2014, 1

 Dolichopodidae (Diptera)

(0.790.11), Neurigona (0.260.10),
(1.420.17),
(1.830.18)
(2.090.18).
Rhaphium
,
0.730.09. Sciapus
1

0.41

0.13

0.48

0.09

0.26

0.10

/

/

/

0.92

0.14
0.75

0.13

Tachytrechus Wlk.

0.81

0.13

Sciapus Zllr.

Rhaphium Meig.

Neurigona Rd.

Hercostomus Lw.

Medetera Fisch.

Campsicnemus Wlk.

Hydrophorus Flln.

Argyra Macq.

Dolichopodidae

1.00

0.16

0.79

0.11

1.42

0.17
1.83

0.18
2.09

0.18

0.73

0.09

1.89

0.18

0.40

0.14

0.74

0.09

0.39

0.14
0.38

0.10

, : . . , 2014, 1

Thinophilus Wahlb.

(0.400.16).
Hercostomus , 1.000.16.
Hydrophorus
: (0.810.13), (0.390.13)
(0.380.10).
Medetera -

0.79

0.11
0.92

0.09

81

 . ., . ., . .

1. Becker T. Dipterologische Studien.

Dolichopodidae. A. Palaearktischen Region / T.
Becker. Halle: Nova Acta. Abh. Kais. Leop. Carol.
Deutsch. Akad. Naruft. 19171918. Erstres Teil, Bd.
102, N2 (1917). 115361 p.; Lw. Teil, Bd. 103, N3
(1918). 203315 p.; Drit. Teil, Bd. 104, N2 (1918).
35214 p.
2. . . . . 7 / .. .
.: - , 1933. 742 .
3. Parent O. Dipteres Dolichopodids. Faune de
France / O. Parent Paris:Acad. Sci. Paris. 1938. 720 p.
4. Robinson H. Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian
biological survey of Dominica: the family of
Dolichopodidae with some related Antillean and
Panamanian species (Diptera) / H. Robinson.
Washington: Smith. Contr. Zool. 1975. 141 p.
5. Grichanov I.Ya. Keys to Palaearctic
subfamilies and genera of the family Dolichopodidae

(Diptera) / I.Ya. Grichanov, O.P. Negrobov, O.V.

Selivanova // CESA News. 2001. Vol. 62.
P.13-46.
6. Brooks S.E. Systematic and phylogeny of
Dolichopodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) / S.E.
Brooks // Zoot. 2005. Vol. 857. P. 1-158.
7. Yang D. World catalog of Dolichopodidae
(Insecta: Diptera) / D. Yang, Y.J. Zhu, M.Q. Wang, L.
Zhang. Beijing: China Agric. Univ. Press, Beijing,
2006. 704 p.
8. Bickel D. The Dolichopodinae (Diptera:
Dolichopodidae) of New Caledonia, with
descriptions and records from Australia, New
Zealand and Melanesia Zoologia Neocaledonica /
D. Bickel // Mm. Mus. Nat. Hist. nat. 2008.
Vol. 197. P. 1348.
9. Camara M. Genetic and morphometric
evidence for population isolation of Glossina palpalis
gambiensis (Diptera: Glossinidae) on the Loos
islands, Guinea / M. Camara // J. Med. Entom.
2008. Vol. 43, N5. P. 853-860.
10.
Francuski
L.
Wing
geometric
morphometric inferences on species delimination
and intraspecific divergent units in the Merodon
ruficornis groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) from the
Balkan Peninsula / L. Francuski // Zool. Sci.
2009. Vol. 26, N4. P. 301-308.
11. .. Dolichopodidae
(Diptera) / .. // . 13
,
, 9-15 ., 2007. 10, . 2008. . 254.

, ; e-mail: negrobov@list.ru

Negrobov Oleg P. PhD (biology), Dr. Sci.

Full Professor, head of department ecology and
invertebrates taxonomy, Voronezh State University,
e-mail: negrobov@list.ru

Chursina Mariya A. the postgraduate student

of department ecology and invertebrates taxonomy,
The Voronezh State University

. .
., .
; e-mail:
selivanova-o@list.ru.

Selivanova Olga V. PhD (biology), Cand. Sci.,

head laboratories biodiversity, department ecology
and invertebrates taxonomy, The Voronezh State
University; e-mail: selivanova-o@list.ru

, 0.410.13.
Tachytrechus
, 0.480.09 (1.890.18). Thinophilus :

(0.790.11)
(0.920.09).

Dolichopodidae
,
, .

82

, : . . , 2014, 1

 616.36-003.826

,

2 ,

. .
. ..
03.02.2014.

. , 2 ,
, , .
: 2 , , ,
, .
Abstract. pifamin application on the background of the basic therapy at non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,
developing at type 2 diabetes mellitus, is provided a more higher clinical efficacy connected with a more
significant hepatoprotective, antioxidant, lipotropic activity in comparison with standard treatment.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, steatohepatitis, clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters,
epifamin.

()
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9.1
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15.2
18.2

1-
159.1 ..,
91.9 . .
138.9 .. ,
87.1 .. () 87.2
, 80.2
. , ,
, .
, ,
( 2).
, 92.8 %
, , 1- .

89.2 % . , , , ,
- [13]. 28.5%. 53.5%
.
1-
, .
35.7% , 21.4%
. , ,
, 62.1% , ,
.
2.
, 2 , .
2- (n=28)

(%)
(%)


82.1

46.4

32.1

92.9

28.6


100

39.2

96.4

28.6
10.7
10.7
92.9
28.6
96.4
10.7
7.2

157.4
. ., 91.8 . .

. ,

141.7 .., 81.3 . .
87.8 , 76.8 . ,

, , , .
,
,

, : . . , 2014, 1

85

 . .

, [12].
:

(64.3%),

(16.2%).

.
,
, , - 1.2 1.3
(p<0.05) ( 3). , , [10].


- 1.5 (p<0.05)
1.4 (p<0.05)

. , ,
, , ,
, [13].
1.4
(p<0.05),
- 1.7 (p<0.05). ,

-,
[14].

1.7 (p<0.05)
1.6 (p<0.05)
(40 ).
: 1-
1.3 (p<0.05) , 2- 1.2
(p<0.05)

3.
, 2
2- (1- ( - ;

; n=28)
n=20)

/
4.8 0.8
11.7 1.6
8.6 1.7
11.2 2.9
6.7 0.9

/
65 85
74.9 2.6
73.0 1.4
71.3 2.5
69.7 3.1

/
2.5 6.4
5.3 1.5
5.6 1.9
6.5 1.6
6.3 1.2
-
/
1,7 4,5
12.7 2.1
10.3 0.9
9.7 2.5
6.7 1.2

/
4.1 0.2
6.7 2.1
5.3 1.5
6.6 2.3
4.9 1.2

/
56 104
83.6 10.5
71.7 9.4
82.8 12.1
76.5 10.3
%
80 110
93.6 4.7
95.3 3.3
90.8 2.9
97.8 3.9

4.

, 2 .
2- (1- (

;
; n=28)

n=20)
()

/
0 40
68.2 9.5
38.9 8.4
64.4 9.1
34.1 6.9

/
0 40
49.9 9.8
36.7 7.1
46.5 8.7
30.5 8.6

/
9.6 2.7
15.7 6.0
11.8 3.1
14.0 2.5
11.1 3.1

.
2.5 0.4
3.8 0.7
3.6 0.4
3.9 0.3
3.6 0.4

86

, : . . , 2014, 1

(40 ). , , 2, ,

. 1.8 1.4 (p<0.05)
.

1.9 (p<0.05) 1,5
(p<0.05) ( 4).

.

1. Daryani N.E. Vitamin E in the treament of

Patints with NASH: Placebo controlled Double
Blindstady / Daryani N.E. et al. // GUT, Internat.
Journal of Gastroenterol. and Hepatolog. 10 Th
UEGW, Geneva. 2002. .15.
2. .. . / .. // . 2001.
. 1-2. . 4-9.
3. Brunt E. Histilogical grading and stading
or Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis / E. Brunt //Falk
Symposium Steatohepatitis. 2000. P. 14 -15.

4. .. :
/ .. //
. 2002. 1. . 36-38.
5. Bellentani S. Epidemiology and risk factors
for fatty liver. / Bellentani S. et al. // Steatohepatitis
(Kluwer Academic Publishers). 2001. Vol. 3.
P. 3-10.
6. Fraschini F. Pharmacology of silymarin. /
F. Fraschini, G. Demartini, D. Esposti // Clin. Drug
Invest. 2002. V.22, 1. p. 51-65.
7. .. / .. // . 2003. . 73, 10. .10-15.
8. ..
/
.. . //
. 2013. .20, 2 . 134-138.
9. .. / ..
// . . 2000. 73.
. 5-11.
10. / . .. . 2- . .: , 2011. . 4958.
11. Pacchierotti C. Melatonin in psychiatric
disorders: a review on the melatonin involvement in
psychiatry/ C. Pacchierotti, S. Iapichino, L. Bossini
// Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2001. V. 22 (1).
P.18-32.
12. Tengattini S. Cardiovascular diseases:
protective effects of melatonin. / S. Tengattini, R.J.
Reiter, D.X. Tan // J. Pineal Res. 2008. V.44(1).
P. 16-25.
13. Ocmar B.S. Reduced endothelial nitric
oxide synthase expression and production in human
atherosclerosis / Ocmar B.S. // Circulation. 1998.
V. 97. p. 2494-2498.
14. ..
: / .. , .. , .. // . 2013. 2. . 11-16.

,
,
. .. ; e-mail:
popov-endo@mail.ru

Popov Sergei S. candidate of medical

sciences, associate professor of hospital therapy and
endocrinology, Voronezh State Medical Academy of
the name of N.N. Burdenko; e-mail: popov-endo@
mail.ru

,
, ,
, 2 ,
, . ,
,

, , ,
.

, : . . , 2014, 1

87

: 631.48

. . , . . , . .

07.07.2011 .

. .

, , , .
. 1-6 , 1-4 . 2-3 120
, 200 - 5-10 .
1.5-1 1-5
.
: , , , , ,
Abstract. Macromorphological and mesomorphological features of carbonaceous growths are defined
by chemical composition of parent breed and a bedrock water relationships. Among migratory forms of
carbonates in the leached chernozem and Chernozem-Like soil on integumentary loam prevail fibrillar
and needles on a surface of structural separateness, on loam - mealy impregnations, diffusive spots and
a meadow marl, in bedrocks on clay river depositions - amorphous tears and imbibition. The constitution
firm carbonaceous nodules reflects a perennial hydrological mode. In the leached chernozems are formed
unimodal nodules 1-6sm, at additional superficial humidifying - two-layer nodules 1-4 cm. At
ground waters on depth 2-3 m - on depth 120 cm very dense small 1-2 m shattered nodules, more low 200
m - friable osculiferous flat 5-10 m tumours. At level of ground waters 1.5-1 m are formed dense angular
two-layer nodules 1-5 m with manganous impregnations.
Keywords: chernozem, Chernozem-Like soil, bedrocks migratory forms of carbonates, carbonaceous
nodules, a water relationships, ground waters

. ..
.. [1] ,
. .. ..
[2, 3] .
.. . [4] , 5 .
, 2 .
. ., . . . ., 2014

88

.. ..
[5]
,

.

[6].
, [1]. ..
. [7] ,
.

, : . . , 2014, 1

,
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[8]
.

, .
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. .. [11]
- . .. [12] ,

. .. [13]

. .. .. [10]
, , ,
. , ( ..)

.
,

.

3- .

.
(- - , 1977)

. -
.
,

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1977) .
- .
.



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, 3-3.5
, ,
.

:
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, 1977) - , (-
,
1977) , -

, : . . , 2014, 1

89

 . ., . . . .

- 2-3 (
, 1977),
( ,
1977) -
1-1.5 .

- -
,

(1977) [14]. -
.. .. [5].
.. , .. .. [15].

.

-
(2004)
[16],
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(2004) .
, ,


[18-22].
,
.

-
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. ,
, . -

90

.

. - ,
.
. -
[23].
,
.

.
Canon EOS-550D, 50, 40 20. MC-2 ZOOM.

2, 4, 50, 210 500 .
, .

(. 2) ,
, .


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,
. ,

. (
). (, ).
.

,

. ,

, : . . , 2014, 1

 , : . . , 2014, 1

15.4 1.6

11.4 1.3

10.2 0.6

2 ,
/100 ()

25 ,
/100 ()

1:2

I:II

N ,
/100 ()

:,
g G

4.4 0.4

5.5 0.3

1.9

82 2

84 3

11.2 0.9

10.7 1.1

15.4 1.6

3:2

2.0

5.29

35 3

35 2

4.96

7.5 0.7

5.5 0.5

:,

5.1 0.2

5.2 0.1

1:5 - 1:3

1.60

0.92

8.06

1:3 - 1:1

1.00

2.36

9.31

5.0 0.4

98 1

55 6

0.8 0.3

6.5 0.1

4.9 0.8

100

53 4

0.5 0.1

6.5 0.2

11.6 0.9

17.8 1.8

19.6 2.8

8.8 0.8

14.4 1.5

19.6 2.8

18.1 1.5

16.5 1.6

35.0 6.4

1:7

1.02

2.01

4.50

7.0 0.5

100

56 3

0.4 0.1

6.4 0.2

12.4 1.4

14.8 2.5

15.32.2

6.19

96

46 5

2.5 0.7

6.7 0.3

98

7.19

48 5

1.2 0.3

6.3 0.3

16,3 1,5

16,7 2,5

10.2 1.1

17.3 1.8

17.52.,1

6.69

14,33,4

86

39 4

6.5 0.3

4.9 0.2

11.7 1.3

13.4 2.4

18.8 1.8

7.79

100

52 4

0.4 0.2

6.9 0.3

, %

()
, / 100
()

, /100
()

, % ()
:Mg
()

II - III

1.

I ,

91

 . ., . . . .

,



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.

92

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.


,
- . . ,
.
. ( 20 %) ,

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.
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,
,
, .
,

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1
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- .
+200mV,

.
.

.
. ,

, : . . , 2014, 1

 , : . . , 2014, 1

,
,

,

,

150-250

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150-250

150-200

120-150

100-120

5-20

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, , ,

, ,

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120-150

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,

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,

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93

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,

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, 1.0-1.5

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100-150

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120180

150250

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1-5

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3-5

1-2

,
,
, ,
0.2-0.3

0.02-0.05
,

0.02 ,

0.02-0.05
,

20-30 %

-
0.05-0.1

0.05 ,
,

-
0.01 ,

2 ().

20 %

, ,
,
0.1

,
1-2 , ,

2-5 ,
,

, ,
,

,
, ,
, 0.1 ,

, (
1-6
), ,

, ,
1-4
, 1-2 ,
,

( )

. ., . . . .

, : . . , 2014, 1

.
.

1.

2.

, ,
, .
3.

.

1-6 ,
1-4 .
2-3
1-2 , -
5-10 .
1.5-1

1-5 .

1-3 .

1. .. / .. , .. // . 1966.
9. . 1-12.

2. .. ,
/ .. , .. // . 2005. 3. . 309-315.
3. ..
/ .. , .. , .. // . 1988. 9.
. 76-84.
4. ..
-
4000 / .. , .. ,
.. // . 1999. 3.
.293-300.
5. .. - / .. , .. // . 1979. 12. . 16-21.
6. ..
/ .. , .. , .. . : - ,
1992. 215 .
7. ..

/ .. , .. , ..
// 2000. 4.
. 405-415.
8. .. / .. , .. . .: - , 2001. 216 .
9. .. - / .. // 1956. 5. . 31-42.
10. .. / ..
, .. // . 1975.
11. . 14-30.
11. ..
/ ..
// . 1997. 8.
.952-957.
12. .. / .. . .: - , 1985.
284 .
13. ..
- / .. // .
1989. 2. . 79-86.
14.
. .: , 1977. 223 .

, : . . , 2014, 1

95

 . ., . . . .

15. .. - /
.. , .. , .. .
: - . -, 1981. 173 .
16. / . .. , .. ,
.., .. . :
- , 2004. 342
17. .. ,
/ .. , .. , ..
// 2007. 9. . 1029-1040.
18. ..
/ .. , .. , ..
// . -. 2006.
17. , 1. 18-26.
19. ..
/ .. [ .] // .

-. 2007. 17. , 1.
.35-41
20. .. -
- / .. , .. , ..
// . 2002. 9.
. 1102-1114.
21. .. -
/ .. [ .] // . 2008. 2. .198-213
22. .. ,
/ .. [ .]
// 2009. 5. 521-531
23. / . .
.. . .: - , 2001.
689 .

Korolev Vyacheslav A. the postgraduate

student of agrochemistry and soil science department,
The Michurinsk agrarian university

, .

Krasin Vyacheslav N. the docent of

agrochemistry and soil science department, The
Michurinsk agrarian university.

, ,
; e-mail:stepanzowa@mail.ru

Stepantsova Lyudmila V. the professor of

agrochemistry and soil science department, The
Michurinsk agrarian university; e-mail: Stepanzowa@
mail.ru

96

, : . . , 2014, 1

 612.112.94:615.37+612.017

HLA-DR

-
2b-
. . , . . , . . , . .

15.10.2012 .

. II
(HLA-DR) - 2b-. , 2b- -
.
: HLA-DR, -, , ,
.
Abstract. Indirect ELISA method carried out a comprehensive study changes in the level of antigen
expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (HLA-DR) under the combined effects of UV
radiation and 2b-interferon. It was established that in the case of joint action of interferon 2b-and UVradiation response immunocyte is a complex dependence on the dose-modifying agents and initial
expression level of investigated antigens.
Keywords: HLA-DR, UV radiation, neutrophils, Photomodification synergistic.

TLR
TLR4, ,
- .
CD 14.

TLR4 CD14

,
, ,
, - , ,
, , . ., . ., . ., . . , 2014

.
-
,
- , -
[1, 2].
, TLR4-CD14 - I
II , ( CD8+ -,
- ,
I )
( CD4+
- II ) [3].
,

, : . . , 2014, 1

97

 . ., . ., . ., . .

-
,


.

,
- (r1 =1.119/3,
r2= 1.076 /3) .
2b- 1, 10 100 /
1
37. - 151
1359/2 - -400 -1 240-390.

HLA-DR
(, ) .
t- .

HLA-DR
a2b-.
0.4820.020 . . . HLA-DR
:

17.5%
100 / (. 1).
, HLA-DR CD 4+ - .


( D) -

98

()
.
10
100 / D (. 1),
(. 1),
HLA-DR
8.8% 14.7%.

. 1. HLA-DR
2b-. :
,
D,
.
, -
,
HLA-DR
a2b-
100/
de novo.

HLA-DR - (240390) 151 1359 /2.

. , ,

2 .

, : . . , 2014, 1

 HLA-DR

, , 0,552 0,028 .
. (. 2.).

9.8 20.5 % .

. 2. HLADR x
x - , I () II ()

. 3. HLA-DR
x
x - . :
,
D,

- 151
453 /2 5,5 6 % .
906 1359 /2

.
(. 2) ,
(0,4210,018 . . .).
(151 1359/2)

10 14 % .

HLA-DR

: D . ,
,


-
(. 3).
,
- 151 1359 /2

-

.
906 1359/
2
HLA-DR 6 15 % .
,
,
, de novo .

- 2b- , ,
HLA-DR ,
.

0,552 0,028 . .
. 2b-
100 /

17.5% . (. 4).

, : . . , 2014, 1

99

 . ., . ., . ., . .

. 4. HLA-DR
1
a2b- -.

. 5. HLA-DR
2
a2b- -.

- 151
453 /2 5,5 6 % .
,
906 1359 /
2 2b-
10 100 /
12 27% , - .
.
HLA-DR

100 / 17.5 % (. 5).
- 151 906 /2

10 14 % .
2b-
1, 10 100 /
HLA-DR , -.

- -

1359 /2 .

6
24% 10 100/.

100

2b- (1
100/) - (240 - 390 )
HLA-DR .
, .
10 100 /.
,
. ,
, ( ,

) , .
, : . . , 2014, 1

 HLA-DR

,
- ,
( ) .
,

-. ,

,
-.
,

, , ,


.

Shilov Sergey V. postgraduate student,

Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology of the
Voronezh State University

, ; e-mail: koltakov@bio.vsu.ru

Koltakov Igor A. Assistant Professor, Ph.D.,

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Department of
Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State
University; e-mail: koltakov@bio.vsu.ru

Lelikova Elena N. student, Department of

Biophysics and Biotechnology of the Voronezh State
University

, ,
; e-mail: avg@
main.vsu.ru

Artyukhov Valery G. Full Professor, Ph.D.,

Dsci., Head of the Department of Biophysics and
Biotechnology of the Voronezh State University;
e-mail: avg@main.vsu.ru

1. Hallman M. Toll-like receptors as sensors of

pathogens / M. Hallman, M. Ramet, R.A. Ezekowitz
// Pediatr. Res. 2001. Vol. 92, 3. P. 315321.
2. ONeill L. A. Toll-like receptors signal
transduction and tailoring of innate immunity: a role
for Mal / L. A. ONeill // Trends Immunol. 2202.
Vol. 23, 6. P. 296300.
3. . . / . . . . : - , 2004. 528 .

, : . . , 2014, 1

101

 631.4

. . 1, . . 2, . . 1
1

. ..
2

12.03.2013 .

. ,
,
, , .
: , , , , , .
Abstract. In this paper briefly describes the doctrine of the ecological functions of soils, shows its
role in especially protected natural zones and soil, in the preparation of the soil Red books of regional
and Federal levels, the improvement of scientific bases of rational use, restoration and protection of land
resources.
Keywords: ecological functions of soils, ecosystems, rational use of natural resources, natural zones,
biosphere, special soil protection.

-
[1, 2].

, ,
,
.

,
, , .

(. 1,)

.
. ., . ., . ., 2014

102

, ,
,
, .


,
, .

, - , ,
[1-4]. ( ..)
,
.
.
, ,
(. 2), -

, : . . , 2014, 1

- .
,
, ,
, .


,
. , - ,
,

. .

30 ,
.
, , [1].


,
.
,
, -, 15-20 %
,

. ,
,
-

1.

, ,

, ,

,
,

()

,
;

,
.

, : . . , 2014, 1

103

 . ., . ., . .
2

, ,

,
-

2,

. ,
, .
,


.
, .
:
.


[5-8].
.
, ,
XXI , ( ). , ,
. , ,
. , XIX-XX . . [9] :

104

200 ,
. , . 1764 . , . -
1791 . ,
. 1860 .
, 1804 . .

;
.
, ,
- ,

. , ,
.
,
. , , -
.
,
--

, : . . , 2014, 1

, .

[1-3]

,
. , ,
62, :
1. ,

, .
2. ,

, , . (
20 2001 . 26 2001 ; : 12 2002
6 (2874).
,

, ,
(),
, [10]. .

,
, ,
,
.
-
(), , -

, , , ,
.
63,7 %.
90 %
[10].
.
-, -

() . , [11],
,
, 0,11 %
( ) . , ,
.

,
, [9].
, ,
,
.
,

,

, .
.. ,
, , ,
, ,
[4].
. -,
,

-
, , ,

, : . . , 2014, 1

105

 . ., . ., . .

[2].
,
.



, ,
,
40% [1, 4]. .
. (1992)
: 1) 98
100% , 2) 80 90 % c
45-50 % , 3) 30
35 %, 4) 35 40%, 5) 40 60 % [1]. ,
, - ,
,
- .

[2],

. . . . .

:
.
,

.
,
[12].

,

,
. ,

106

,
, ,

, .

1. .. . / .. , .. . .: , 2006. 364 .
2. .. .
/ .. .
.:-, 2010. 240 .
3. .. / .. , .. .
.: - , 1986. 137 .
4. .. : / .. . .:
-, 2010. 220 .
5. .. / .. [ .] .:
- , 2007. 320 .
6. :
/
. . .. , ...
.: -, 2009. 576 .
7. .. / .. [ .]. , 2001. 295 .
8. ..
/ .. . , 2000. 250 .
9. .. / .. //
1993. 9-10. . 6-14.
10. .. / .. ,
.. , .. // . -. : . . , 2011. 1. . 100-104.
11. .. / .. //
. . . 2010. 1. . 103-111.
12. ..
/ .. [ .]. .: , 2008. 275 .

, : . . , 2014, 1

,
..., ,

Nikitin Evgeniy D. the Laureate of the State

prize of the Russian Federation, Honored Professor
of Moscow University

, ..., ; .:
(4732)208-393, e-mail: dpoch@mail.ru.

Shcheglov Dmitry I. Head of the Department of

soil science and land management, Dr.Sci., Professor
of the Voronezh state University; tel.: (4732)208-393,
e-mail: dpoch@mail.ru.

, .

abodina Evgenia P. - the candidate of

philosophical Sciences, the scientific staff of the
Museum. Moscow state University.

, : . . , 2014, 1

107


615.15

(
)
. . , . .

27.11.2013 .

.
2012 2013 .
.
: , , .
Abstract. The paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of state procurement in the
procurement of drugs by the example of the Voronezh region. Estimated cost-effectiveness of open auction
in the electronic form for the purchase of medicines.
Keywords: state procurement, open auction in the electronic form, cost-effectiveness.

- ,


[1].
()
, ,

.
, .

, .
. -,
. , , (),
. -, . ., . ., 2014

108

,
.
: () 2012 - 2013 .

,
http://www.
zakupki.gov.ru/, -, .[2]

2010 577
. 10.2% (59 ).
() (
,
,
).
2011 827
; -

, : . . , 2014, 1

10,5% (85 ). 43,3%

2010 .
- 5,
.
2012 1181 ,
202
( 17,17%
).
42,8% 2011 .
(
) 15.

2010-2012 .
. 1.

. 1
2010-2012 .
2012 1181
4767 , 202 1161 . ,
17.17%,

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,
.

2012 .
:
20437.81 .
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, 1161 , 110

; 222


, 829 .
, 829
490 2-3
, 263- 4-5
, 76- 6 . ,
,
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(2,66).

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2. ( ) 2012 , %.
8 , ,

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.

, ,
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, : . . , 2014, 1

109

 . ., . .

(E) :
,
, .,
, , . [3]


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.

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, , 1
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, 14 45 ,
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.
,
7
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, 11

- .

, . ,

.

1. 94- 21
2005 . , , .
2. http://www.zakupki.gov.ru/.
3. ..
. - . .:
-
, 2012. . 204-208.

...,
; .: (473) 239-05-45,
e-mail: afanaseva@voronej.zl.ru

Afanaseva Tatiana G. candidate of

pharmaceutical science, senior lecturer of the
department of management and economics of
pharmacy and pharmacognosy of VSU; tel.: (473)
239-05-45, e-mail: afanaseva@voronej.zl.ru

6 ; .: (473) 244-17-49; e-mail:
artemyi.d@gmail.com

Dmitriev Artyom V. student of VI course of

internal branch of pharmaceutical faculty of Voronezh
State University; tel.: (473) 244-17-49; e-mail:
artemyi.d@gmail.com

110

, : . . , 2014, 1

 615.1:615.918

. . 1, . . 2, . . 1
,
. . .
1

15.10.2013 .

. , 654
( ) , , (, ) (3 12.1.007-76
.. , 2003, 2010), , >45.
: , , , , , , , .
Abstract. Toxicological studies, accomplished using 654 laboratory animals (rats and mice) show,
that humic acid salts, derived from lignine, sapropel and leonardit revealed low toxicity (class 3 toxicity
according to Federal standard of Russian Federation 12.1.007-76 and classification by I.V. Berezovskaija,
2003, 2010), not display cumulative action and possess large-scale width of therapeutic action.
Keywords: humic substance, humate, sapropel, peloid, lignin, leonardit, toxicology, experimental
pharmacology.

, , , , , , ,
[1, 2, 3],
,

, .
,

( , )
.

654
:
3 .
190.05.4 (446 ),
2.5 .
. ., . ., . ., 2014

20.52.0 (208 ).
() [4], ,
.

(III-IV ) (
5 300 /) [1].
.


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190.55.0 , 624 , 6 . (
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, : . . , 2014, 1

111

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0.9%
). LD50

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1
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112

, //.
3.90.6
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5.50.3
5.50.5
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3.90.3
3.90.2
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5.30.5
5.20.7
4.00.3
4.50.5
4.20.4
5.20.3
4.10.4

3.80.4
5.40.4
5.40.4
5.30.3
5.40.8
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4.90.3
4.10.3
5.30.5
5.30.8

5.90.5
5.30.6
5.30.7
5.61.1
5.60.4
5.50.5
4.71.0
5.51.5
5.60.3
5.50.2

6.20.2
5.90.3
6.60.8
6.50.9
6.70.5
6.70.4
5.92.3
5.61.2
5.70.3
6.01.0

, : . . , 2014, 1

, . -,
. -, . .
(. 3, 4) ( ,
23.5%, 29.1% 67.0%) ( 54.1%, 50.8%,
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-

,
.
Lim [4] 30 190.05.3
. 0.1 1.12 50,
24 12.8 50.

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,
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, /

191.95.4
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0.610.12
0.290.02
,
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,
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,
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,
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8.490.48
6.510.46
4.250.22
52.654.00

6.771.27
10.330.37***
5.020.58
32.372.33*
, %
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7.350.54
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4.980.37
35.06.21*
, %
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: * <0,05; ** <0,01; *** <0,001 .

, : . . , 2014, 1

113

 . ., . ., . .

.
,
(. 5).
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, (3

12.1.007-76 .. ,
2003, 2010),
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1. ..
, /..
, .. //. 2010. . 73,
9. . 4348.
2. .. - /.. //
. . . 2010. 3. . 150152.

5
,
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>1000
>1000
>1000
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100

1000
1000
1000
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>1000
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180

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360

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( .. , 2010)

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)

( .. , 2010)

114

, : . . , 2014, 1

3. ..
/ ..
, .. , .. , ..
// ,
, . 2011. 22 (117).
. 16. . 214221.
4.
() / [ . . . . ]. 2- ., . . .: , 2005. 832 .

5. .. /..
. .: - .
, 1963. 152 c.
6. .. /.. // , 2010. 5 (104). . 1722.
7. ..
/..
//.-. , 2003. . 37, 3. . 3234.

, , ; .
(84732)530380; e-mail buzlamaa@yandex.ru

Buzlama Anna V. associate professor of

the department of pharmacology, Voronezh state
university, medical doctor; tel. (84732)530380;
e-mail buzlamaa@yandex.ru

,
. ..
, , ;
. (84732)371011.

Chernov Yurij N. professor of the department

of clinical pharmacology, Voronezh state medical
academy named by N.N. Burdenko, doctor of
medicine, professor, tel. (84732)371011.

,
, ; .
(84732)530789; e-mail slivkin@pharm.vsu.ru

Slivkin Alexey I. head of the department

of pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmaceutical
technology, Voronezh state university, doctor of
pharmacy, professor, tel. (84732)530789, e-mail
slivkin@pharm.vsu.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

115

 615.1

. . , . . , . .

..
01.11.2013 .

. , ,
.
.
()
- .
: , , , .
Abstract. In this paper, based on the component structure of the system of quality management in the
pharmaceutical manufacturing facility, the algorithms of implementation of the eight specific principles
of quality management are proposed. During the implementation of a systematic approach and using the
methodology of marketing the process of forming "qualirisks" is established. A conceptual model of quality
management system of drugs on the factory of pharmaceutical products is established.
Keywords: system and the principles of quality management, pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise,
"qualirisks", quality of the drug.

,
() ,
. -


.
, , , , , [1].
. ., . ., . ., 2014

116

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, : . . , 2014, 1

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[6].
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, .. , [7,8].

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9001 ,

, : . . , 2014, 1

117

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118

, : . . , 2014, 1

9001: 2008
GMP,

, .
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9001,
GMP.
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, , .


.
GMP .
60- XX GMP 70-

. 75% -
GMP.
GMP, 25 ,

: Right-First-Time (
), . GMP: , .


[9].


.

, 5 (.2).
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:
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, (
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.

.2. -

, : . . , 2014, 1

119

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3.
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120

, : . . , 2014, 1

6. .. // , 2007.
6. . 53 - 60.
7. ..
/
.. , .. . , 19-

(, 23-27 2012 ).
: , 2012. . 118 - 122.
8. .., .. / .., .. -
. ,
19- (, 23-27
2012 ). : , 2012. . 181 - 184.
9. ... //

, 2012. 2. . 102 - 109.

,


.. , ;
e-mail: glembotskaya@rambler.ru.

Glembotskaya Galina T. Doctor of Pharmacy,

professor of the Department of Organization and
Economics of Pharmacy I.M. Sechenov First
Moscow State Medical University, Professor ; e-mail:
glembotskaya@rambler.ru.

, . .. , .

Azizov Oleg V. PhD (Pharmacy), OJSC

Moschempharm after N.A. Semashko, Head of the
department of development.

,
.. , .

Krivocheev Sergey A. Doctor of Pharmacy,

Head of the Department of Organization and
Economics of Pharmacy of the I.M. Sechenov First
Moscow State Medical University, Professor.

1. .. : . .: , 2012. 239 .
2. ..
/ ..,
.. , 2012. 2
(12). . 96 - 98.
3. .. 9001-2008
9004-2010. . // , 2012. 1 (11). .112 - 121.
4. ..
/
.., .., .. -

, 2012. 2 (12). . 131-140.
5. .. :
/ .., .. , 2012. 1 (11). . 108 - 111.

, : . . , 2014, 1

121

 615

. . 1, . . 1, . . 1, . . 2, . . 1
1

2
1 . ..
04.10.2013 .

.
. .
: , , .
Abstract. The study of the anthocyanin extracts compounds from black chokeberry fruits. Selected
and recommended optimal conditions for extraction of anthocyanin compounds of dried and fresh fruits of
black chokeberry..
Keywords: Antotsiana, spektrofotometrichesky characteristics, fruits of a mountain ash chernoplodny.

(Aronia melanocarpa)
,
, , ,
(.P, C, A, B6 .),
(, , , , .),
, [1].
,

.

.
, ,


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(40%, 60%, 70%, 95%), -

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, .

l = 510-540 .
1 (..)
100 , 50
.
, .

90 . ,
. ., . ., . .,
. ., . ., 2014
, : . . , 2014, 1
122

50 . (
1 : 15; 1 : 50) Hitachi U-1900.
,

. . 1.
1
,

- -
, % *
**
40
0.68
0.43
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70
0.35
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, : . . , 2014, 1

123

 . ., . ., . ., . ., . .

. : 5.,
10., 30., 60., 90. .1,
,

60 .

.2.
40% . 1 1:10, 2 1:20; 3
1:30; 4 1:40; 5 1:50; 6 1:60

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.
- .
. 2.
,
: - 1:40, 1 : 25.

.

,

, , ...; .: (473) 2530428; e-mail:
t_brezhneva@mail.ru

124

:
40% - 1:40,
60 , 0.5 - 1.
40%
- - 1:25, - 60 .
2 3 8 10
.

1. .. :
(). / .. . 2- ., . .
: ; ,
2007. .794-799.
2. . 11-
. . : , 1989. . 2: . 258 .
3. .
/ . . .: ,
1991. 763.

Brezhneva Tatyana A. the associate professor

of pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmaceutical
technology, pharmaceutical faculty of VGU, PhD ;
ph.: (473) 2530428; e-mail: t_brezhneva@mail.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

, , e-mail: liza-ugl@mail.ru

Logvinova Elizaveta E. the assistant to chair

of pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmaceutical
technology, pharmaceutical faculty of VSU; e-mail:
liza-ugl@mail.ru

..., , .
, ; e-mail: slivkin@pharm.
vsu.ru

Slivkin Alexey I. PhD. professor, department

chair of pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmaceutical
technology, dean of pharmaceutical faculty of VSU,
e-mail: slivkin@pharm.vsu.ru

.
.., ..., , e-mail: laznata@
mail.ru

Samilina Irina A. PhD, Professor, head of

Department of the Department of Pharmacognosy
First MSMU behalf IM Sechenov, e-mail: laznata@
mail.ru

4
, e-mail: irisha.
berest@mail.ru

Berest Irina S. the student 4 courses of

pharmaceutical faculty of VSU; e-mail: irisha.
berest@mail.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

125

: 615.451:615.453:615.454

,

. .

01.10.2013 .

. , , , , ,
, .
: , , ,
, .
Abstract. In this review there is a classification of modern rectal, vaginal, urethral medicinal forms
of Russian and foreign pharmaceutical producers and also a characteristic and formula of some drugs,
including suppositories, and used auxiliary substances and materials.
Keywords: medicinal forms, rectal preparations, suppositories, vaginal preparations, urethral
preparations.

,
, , . ,


,
, .
XI . , ,
[1].

(Rectalia) (Vaginalia) ,

[2, 3].

,
, . ., 2014

126

, . :
1) - ,
, , ; .
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, : . . , 2014, 1

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, : . . , 2014, 1

127

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(Lek d.d), ;
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, : . . , 2014, 1

( ) -
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(Intendis Manufacturing)
, ,
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Healh)
.
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, 64-70% 3036% . 2,5
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(Aventis Pharma) ,
, . .
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(Mepha Ltd) ,
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. ex tempore
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(Dr.Falk Pharma GmbH)
(KRKA d.d.) - ,
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50- 20 (, , ),
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, : . . , 2014, 1

129

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, : . . , 2014, 1

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(Merz) , -9,
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(Gerot Pharmazeutika GmbH)

. : , ,
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(Ipsen Pharma S.A.) - 0,05%

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7 , , -

, : . . , 2014, 1

131

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.

10% (EGIS PHARMACEUTICALS
Ltd.)
;
.
OLIVE VAGINAL SPRAY (Seagate) - .
: Borax 8x; Helonius 8x; Kreosotum 12x;
Platina 12x,
omega-3
. , , , , [8].

(Laboratoire Innotech International) -

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, : . . , 2014, 1

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-

1. XI .
. 2. 1990. .151-153.
2. , .- i, 2001 ( 1 .). .
151-157, 495-497, 502-505.
3. European Pharmacopoeia .- Strasbourg, 2008
- Sixth edition. Volume 1,2 http://www.edqm.eu
4. 2012
http://www.rlsnet.ru/
5. http://www.baldone.ru
6. - http://www.piluli.ru/product/
7. http://www.aptekaifk.ru/art/
8. Tao of herbs http://www.taoofherbs.com/products.
9.
http://www.apteka-med.ru

,
; e-mail: tam-orlova@
yandex.ru

Orlova Tamara V. the candidate of

pharmaceutical sciences; the senior lecturer of
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology of Kursk
State Medical University; e-mail: tam-orlova@
yandex.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

133

 54.04; 615.072

. . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . .

21.10.2013 .

. - ,
. , - ,
- NH2-,
, .
: , ,
Abstract. Chain-length distribution and viscometry properties of chitosan solutions which were
received by hydrogen peroxide depolymerization of deacetylated glycan from crabbing chitin in alkaline
medium are studied. It is revealed that chitosan has limited elasticity because of the steric obstacles. The
contribution to relative rigidity of macromolecules is made by ionic character of the steric obstacles because
of NH2-group, and also a high probability of emergence of the hydrogen bridges limiting segment mobility.
Keywords: chitosan, rheology, elasticity

, ,
- ,

, , .

,

[1].

, [1, 2].
, () 2.0-2.5 .
, - .
: -( ), -, -. ,

600-750 6 [3]. - ,
. ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . ., 2014

134

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,
. ,

.
- ,
.

, ,
30-40 %- NaOH,
- .
,
-2--2-
600-700
88-92% [2,4].
- () [5]
2%
0.5 NaOH [6, 7].

, : . . , 2014, 1

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, : . . , 2014, 1

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1. Sultana R. Putting waste to good use / R.

Sultana // http://www.dawn.com/2000/02/02fea.htm
2. .. : ,
/ .. ,
.., .. .:
, 2010. 292 .
3. .. : ,
, / .. // . 2001. .7,
1. . 51-54.
4. Kurita K. Evidence for formation of block
and random copolymers of N-acetil-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine / K. Kurita, T. Sannan, Y. Juarura // Macromol. Chem. 1977.
Vol.178. P. 3197-3202.
5. .. / ..
. :
. -, 2009 149 .
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, .. //
1971 . 41, 11 . 2555.
7. Rheologicalstudyofthechitosan/glutaraldehyde
chemical gel system / W. ArgellesMonal [et al.] //
Polym. Gels Networks. 1998. Vol. 6. P.429-440.
8. Rainauolo M. Characterization of chitosan.
Influence of lonicstrength and degree of acetilation
on chain expansion / M. Rainauolo, M. Milas y P.
Dung //Int. Biol. Macfomol. 1993. Vol. 15.
P. 281 285.
9. Solution properties of chitosan : chain conformation, chitin, chitosan and related enzymes / C.A.
Kienzle-Sterzer [et al.]. Orlando: Academic Press
Jnc. 1984. P. 383 -393.
10. Chitosan: chain rigiolity and mesophase formation / M. Terbojevich [et al.] Carbohydr. Res.
1991. Vol. 209. P. 251-260.
11. . .
/ . . . .: , 1986 378 .
12. .. / .. .: , 1981
283.

Slivkin Alexsey Y. doctor of pharmacy

.
professor,
head of the pharmaceutical chemistry and

, , pharmaceutical technology department, Voronezh
State University; ; e-mail: slivkin@pharm.vsu.ru
; e-mail slivkin@pharm.vsu.ru
, : . . , 2014, 1
136

, , e-mail: pfi.pharm@mail.ru

Belenova Alena S. junior researcher of the

pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmaceutical
technology department, VSU, candidate of biology
science; e-mail: pfi.pharm@mail.ru

.
, , ;
e-mail:chhml158@chem.vsu.ru

Shatalov Gnady V. professor, head of the

chemistry of high-molecular connections and colloids
department; doctor of chemistry; e-mail: chhml158@
chem.vsu.ru

, , ;
e-mail:chhml158@chem.vsu.ru

Kuznetsov Vyacheslav A. professor; professor

of the chemistry of high-molecular connections and
colloids department; doctor of chemistry; e-mail:
chhml158@chem.vsu.ru

e-mail: slivkindenis@hotmail.com

, ; e-mail:pfi.pharm@mail.ru

Slivkin Denis A.
e-mail: slivkindenis@hotmail.com
Firsova Lyudmila I. associate professor of
pharmacy of postdegree education, candidate of
medical sciences; e-mail: pfi.pharm@mail.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

137

 615.074

. . , . . , . .

07.09.2013 .

.
. . , .
: , , .
Abstract. It is developed and validated a technique of quantitative definition of the maintenance of
the sum flavonoids in terms of routines in nettle leaves by a two-blast furnace a method of a differential
spectrophotometry. Optimum conditions of extraction flavonoids are chosen from nettle leaves as a twoblast furnace. According to the received results, the technique is valid and suitable for use for standardization
of this type of medicinal vegetable raw materials.
Keywords: flavonoids, validation, nettle leaves two-blast furnace.

, .
,
. . 14 .

, XI .
, [1].
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. ., . ., . ., 2014

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, : . . , 2014, 1

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,

.

1. ..
, , / .. -

, .. , .. //
. . 2010. - 3. . 143-145.
2. .. / .. // .
. . . -. 2009. 26 .
3. ..
- / .. , .. // .
. 2009. 2. . 89-92.
4. ..
/ ..
// : , . . 2012.
.78-79.
5. .. ,

Urtica () / .. , .. ,
.. // .-. . 45.
10. 2011. . 32-40.
6. ..
/ .. , .. // .-.
. . 42. 12. 2008. . 26-29.
7. .. ,
/
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. - 2012. - 2. - . 133-138.
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/ .. , .. , .. // . . .
2013. .13. . 2. . 213-219.
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12. .. / .. , ..
// . 2006. 6. . 32-34.

, : . . , 2014, 1

143

 . ., . ., . .

.
,
; e-mail: trineeva@mail.ru

Trineeva Olga V. the candidate pharm. sciences,

the assistant to faculty of pharmaceutical chemistry
and pharmaceutical technology of pharmaceutical
faculty VSU; e-mail: trineeva@mail.ru

.
, , . , ; e-mail:
slivkin@pharmvsu.ru

Slivkin Alexey I. the doctor pharm. sciences,

the professor, manager of faculty of pharmaceutical
chemistry and pharmaceutical technology, the dean
of pharmaceutical faculty VSU; e-mail: slivkin@
pharmvsu.ru

Voropaeva Svetlana S.
pharmaceutical faculty of VSU.

144

student

of

, : . . , 2014, 1

 615.1 + 614.27

. . , . .

5.12.2013 .

. , , , . ,
. , .
: , , , .
Abstract. In work approaches to the conceptual category "quality of life" are considered, the factors
having impact on quality of life are studied, generalized and systematized. It is established that influence
of models provision of medicines on quality of life of the population is insufficiently studied. It is proved
that as the indicator of an assessment of provision of medicines the indicator of expenses for preferential
provision of medicines can serve.
Key words: quality of life, factors of quality of life, quality of life indicators, beneficiary drug coverage.

.
, , ,
[1 - 10].

. ,
. ,
,
24.12.2012 N 2511- ,
13.02.2013 N 66
2025
.
. ., . ., 2014

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, : . . , 2014, 1

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: / . .
; . . . .. . .:
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2013. 84 .

, , ; .: (473)239-05-45; e-mail:
chupandina@vsu.ru

,
, .: (473)256-9250; e-mail: oerigova@mail.ru

Chupandina Elena E. head of the department

of management and economics of pharmacy and
pharmacognosy of VSU, doctor of pharmaceutical
science, senior lecturer; tel.: (473)239-05-45; e-mail:
chupandina@vsu.ru

1. ..
/ .. , .. . .: , 2006. 607 .
2. .. //
, 2008. 10 (22).
.140 - 146.
3. .. : / .. , . . . : - , 2010. 92 .
4. ..
// , 2010.
1. : http://www.regionsar.ru/
node/467?page=0,1
5. .. , - : .
- . : 08.00.05 / ., 2005. 411 .

Erigova Oxana A. assistant, post-graduate

student of the department of management and
economics of pharmacy and pharmacognosy of VSU,
tel.: (473)256-92-50; e-mail: oerigova@mail.ru

, : . . , 2014, 1

149


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153


: . .
PROCEEDINGS OF VORONEZH STATE UNIVERSITY
SERIES: CHEMISTRY. BIOLOGY. PHARMACY
:



:
. . , - . , . . . , - .
, .; . . , - . , . . . , . .-. , .
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.., -. . ., .; .. , -. . , .

: 77-19719 07 2005 .
,

,
: 394006, . , ., 1

.
.
E-mail: vestnikvsu@gmail.com; .: (473) 220-89-32
.
E-mail: vestnic_biology@mail.ru; .: (473) 220-89-81
.
E-mail: slivkin@pharm.vsu.ru; .: (473) 255-47-76
, 2014