Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Equipment
Cooling Towers
Presentation from the
Energy Efficiency Guide for Industry in Asia
www.energyefficiencyasia.org
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Introduction
Types of cooling towers
Assessment of cooling towers
Energy efficiency opportunities
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Introduction
Main Features of Cooling Towers
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Introduction
Components of a cooling tower
Frame and casing: support exterior
enclosures
Fill: facilitate heat transfer by
maximizing water / air contact
Splash fill
Film fill
Introduction
Components of a cooling tower
Drift eliminators: capture droplets in
air stream
Air inlet: entry point of air
Introduction
Types of cooling towers
Assessment of cooling towers
Energy efficiency opportunities
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Air drawn up
of Cooling Towers through falling
water
Fill located
Natural Draft Cooling Towers
inside tower
Cross flow
(Gulf Coast Chemical Commercial Inc.)
Counter flow
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(GEO4VA)
Disadvantages:
recirculation due to high
air-entry and low air-exit
velocities
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(GEO4VA)
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(GEO4VA)
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Introduction
Types of cooling towers
Assessment of cooling towers
Energy efficiency opportunities
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4. Cooling capacity
5. Evaporation loss
6. Cycles of concentration
Range
Difference between
cooling water inlet and
outlet temperature:
Range (C) = CW inlet
temp CW outlet temp
Approach
Approach (C) =
CW outlet temp Wet
bulb temp
Low approach = good
performance
Range
Approach
Difference between
cooling tower outlet cold
water temperature and
ambient wet bulb
temperature:
= Range / (Range +
Approach)
Range
Effectiveness in %
High effectiveness =
good performance
Approach
Approach
Range
Approach
Range
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Introduction
Types of cooling towers
Assessment of cooling towers
Energy efficiency opportunities
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Approach
Closer to the wet bulb temperature
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Heat load
Causes of range increase
Inlet water temperature increases
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1.1 1.5
Film Fill
Low Clog
Film Fill
1.5 2.0
1.4 1.8
150 m2/m3
85 - 100 m2/m3
5 10 m
1.2 1.5 m
1.5 1.8 m
Pumping Head
Requirement
9 12 m
58m
69m
High
Much Low
Low
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Cooling Towers
THANK YOU
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