პავლე მოციქულის ეპისტოლეების განმარტება

mRvdelmTavari amberki (tauSevi)
(1906 w. 1 noemberi _ 1976 w. 13 aprili)
mRvdelmTavari amberki iyo ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis episkoposi sazRvargareT; 1961 wlidan _
mTavarepiskoposi sirakuzisa da troickis.
1920 wels tauSevebis ojaxi emigraciaSi gaemgzavra.
momavali mRvdelmTavris bavSvobam bulgareTis qalaq
varnaSi gaiara. Semdeg daamTavra sofiis universitetis
saRvTismetyvelo fakulteti. 1931 wels berad aRikveca. imave wels miiRo berdiakvnad xeldasxma, 1932 wels
ki mRvdelmonozvnad akurTxes. 1944 wlidan igi arqimandritia. 1951 wels samoRvaweod gaemgzavra amerikaSi, mTavarepiskopos vitalis miwveviT. iq wmida samebis sasuliero seminariaSi, jordanvilSi, kiTxulobda
leqciebs axal aRTqmaSi, liturgikaSi, homiletikaSi.
1952-1976 wlebSi iyo seminariis reqtori. misi xelmZRvanelobis dros saswavlebelma miiRo niu-iorkis Statis
universitetis statusi. 1960-1976 wlebSi iyo, aseve,
wmida samebis monastris winamZRvari.
RvTismetyvelebis mecnieris, mRvdelTmTavar amberkis
SromebSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs axali aRTqmis
ganmartebebs
,
romlebic
saswavlo
saxelmZRvanelod
gamoiyeneba mravali qveynis sasuliero saswavleblebSi.

mRvdelmTavari amberki dasaflavebulia jordanvilis wmida samebis monasterSi.
vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo
saxelmZRvanelo wminda werilis

axali aRTqmis wignebis
Sesaswavlad
wminda pavle mociqulis epistoleni
(Sesavali)
pavle mociqulis epistoleTa gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba da maTi Seswavlis sirTuleebi. qristianuli swavlebis werilobiTi ganmartebis saqmeSi, axalaRTqmiseul mwerlebs Soris yvelaze metad wminda
pavle mociquli gaisarja _ man ToTxmeti epistole
dawera. maTi Sinaarsis uaRresad didi mniSvnelobidan
gamomdinare, zogierTis mier isini samarTlianad iwodeba
`meore saxarebad~ da yovelTvis ipyrobda rogorc eklesiis wminda mamebis, ise qristianobis mtrebis yuradRebas.
Tavad mociqulebi, rogorc es wminda petre mociqulis
kaTolike epistoledan Cans, uyuradRebod ar tovebdnen
TavianTi sayuareli TanamoZmis am Semagonebel Txzulebebs. igi, marTalia, qristesken moqcevis droiT maTze
umcrosi iyo, magram swavlebis suliTa da madlmosili
niWiT _ maTi Tanatoli (2 pet. 3, 15, 16). wminda pavle
mociqulis epistoleTa ganmartebaze eklesiis bevr mamasa
da moZRvars uSromia. yvela qristiani RvTismetyvelisTvis, vinc iRvwis saxarebiseuli swavlebis aucilebeli
da mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis naTlad gadmocemaze, wminda
pavle mociqulis epistoleni unda gaxdes mTeli gulisyuriTa da gulisxmiT Sesaswavli sagani.
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winaswari cnebebi
amasTan, ar unda gamogvrCes mxedvelobidan wminda mociqulis RvTismetyvelebis is simaRle da siRrme, da misi
gamoTqmebis is Taviseburebani, romlebic zogjer Zneli
aRsaqmeli xdeboda da wminda werilis iseT did ganmmarteblebsac ki sagonebelSi agdebda, rogorebic iyvnen:
wminda ioane oqropiri, netari ieronime, netari avgustine. am epistoleebSi mkafiod gamoCnda wminda pavle
mociqulis didi ganswavluloba da codna wminda werilis Zveli aRTqmis wignebisa da aseve, qristes axalaRTqmiseul swavlebaSi misi siRrmiseuli wvdoma. amis nayofia
dogmaturi Tvisebis an zneobriv-moZRvrebiTi xasiaTis
Semcveli mTeli rigi axali sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, romlebic gamorCeulad mas ekuTvnis; magaliTad: `romlisa
Tanaca aRsdegiT~ (kol. 2, 12); `qristes Tana juarcumul var~ (gal. 2, 19); `qriste SeimoseT~ (gal. 3,
27); `ganiZarcueT Zueli igi kaci~ (kol. 3, 9); `miPsnna
Cuen, baniTa miT meored SobisaYTa~ (tit. 3, 5); `Sjulman sulisa cxorebisaman~ (rom. 8, 2); `vxedav sxuasa
Sjulsa asoTa Sina CemTa, romeli-igi winaganewyvebis
Sjulsa mas gonebisasa~ (rom. 7, 23) da sxva. TiToeuli
epistole Tavis TavSi Seicavs qristianuli sarwmunoebisa da zneobis WeSmaritebebs, rameTu Tavad qristianoba
aris ara mxolod garkveuli sarwmunoeba, _ gonebiT aRiareba garkveuli WeSmaritebebisa, _ aramed aucileblad
TviT am sarwmunoebis Sesabamisi cxovreba rwmeniT.
wminda pavle mociqulis swavlebis kavSiri mis cxovrebasTan. wminda pavle mociqulis epistoleni aris
nayofi misi mociqulebrivi moSurneobisa. misi swavlani
misive cxovrebis sruli anareklia. amitom maT ukeT
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gasacnobiereblad saWiroa, kargad SeviswavloT TviT
wminda pavles cxovreba da CavswvdeT misi pirovnebis Sinagan xasiaTs. amisaTvis ar aris aucilebeli wminda pavles cxovrebis yvela detalSi SevideT, romlebic CvenTvis `saqmeTa~ wignidan aris cnobili, aramed saWiroa
mxolod misi cxovrebis Sinagan mxareze SevCerdeT da
gaverkveT im faqtebSi, romlebic, TviT mociqulis aRniSvniT, misTvis warmoadgendnen qristianuli dogmatikisa
da qristianuli zneobis Sesaxeb swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli bevri sakiTxis gadawyvetis wyaros.
wminda pavle mociqulis cxovreba da pirovneba.
`rameTu me var narCevi mociqulTaY, romeli ara
var Rirs wodebad mociqulad, rameTu vsdevnid
eklesiaTa RrmTisaTa. xolo madliTa RvTisaYTa var,
raY-igi var; da madli igi misi, romeli Cemda momarT
iyo, ara cudad raY iyo...~ (1 kor. 15, 9, 10), _ ase
axasiaTebs Tavis Tavs didi `warmarTTa mociquli~ (es
is zedwodebaa, romliTac wminda pavle mociquli qristianuli eklesiis istoriaSi Sevida). mas bunebiT hqonda miniWebuli mdidari gonebrivi SesaZleblobani; aRzrdili da ganswavluli iyo mkacri farisevluri kanonebiT; misive sityvebiT, warmatebuli iyo iudevelobaSi
umetesad, vidre sxva misi Tanatoli, rameTu uzomod
moSurne iyo Tavisi mamapapiseuli gadmocemebisa (`da
warvematebode huriaebasa Sina ufroYs mravalTa hasakisa sworTa CemTa naTesavTa Sina CemTa, umetes moSurne viyav mamulTa CemTaTKs moZRruebaTa~ _ gal.
1, 14). rodesac ufalma igi _ dedis mucliTve gamorCeuli _ samociqulo msaxurebaze ganawesa, man mTeli
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winaswari cnebebi
Tavisi energia, Tavisi udidesi sulis mTeli Zalisxmeva
Seswira qristes saxelis qadagebas maSindeli sruliad
kulturuli samyaros warmarTTa Soris; da es mas Semdeg, rac mravali mwuxareba gadaxda Tavs sulierad
dabrmavebuli da qristes winaaRmdeg gamZvinvarebuli
sakuTari naTesavebisagan.
rodesac wminda mociqulTa saqmeTa wignis mixedviT
wminda pavle mociqulis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas vakvirdebiT, yovlad SeuZlebelia, ar gagvaocos am didi
`warmarTTa mociqulis~ uCveulo da Seumusravma energiam. Zneli warmosadgenia, rom aseT adamians, romelsac
ar gaaCnda Zlieri organizmi da didi fizikuri Zala
(`xolo ese iciT, rameTu uZlurebiTa PorcTaYTa
gaxare Tquen pirvelad~ _ gal. 4, 13), SeeZlo gadaetana is yovlad daujerebeli siZneleebi da xifaTebi, romelTa gancdac wminda pavle mociquls mouxda
qristes saxelis amqveynad gansadideblad. yvelaze aRsaniSnavi is aris, rom am siZneleTa da saSiSroebaTa
gamravlebis zomisamebr, misi mxurvale moSurneoba da
energia ki ar iklebda, piriqiT, ufro metad enTeboda
da iwrToboda, viTarca foladi. rodesac korinToelTa
sulis aRsaSeneblad iZulebuli gaxda Tavisi naRvawi
gaexsenebina, man es Semdegnairad gamoTqva: `...SromiTa umetes, tanjviTa umetes, pyrobilebiTa gardareulad, sikudilTa Sina mraval-gzis. huriaTagan
xuT-gzis ormeocsa erTi moklebuli cemaY moviRe.
sam-gzis kuerTxiTa viec, erT-gzis qviTa ganvitKne,
sam-gzis navi dameqca, Rame da dRe ufskrulTa Sina
davyav. gzisa slvani mraval-gzis, Wirni mdinareTani, Wirni avazakTani, Wirni naTesavTagan, Wirni
------ 7 ------
warmarTTagan, Wirni qalaqTa Sina, Wirni udabnoTa

zeda, Wirni zRuaTa Sina, Wirni ZmaTa-mtyuvarTagan,
SromiTa da rudunebiTa, mRKZarebiTa mraval-gzis,
SimSiliTa da wyuriliTa, marxviTa mraval-gzis,
yineliTa da SiSloebiTa~ (2 kor. 11, 23-27).
sxva mociqulebTan Sedarebisas, igi Tavis Tavs simdabliT `mcires~ uwodebda, magram miuxedavad amisa, mas
SeeZlo mTeli samarTlianobiT ganecxadebina: `...umetes
maT yovelTasa davSuer; ara me, aramed madli igi
RvTisaY, romeli iyo Cem Tana~ (1 kor. 15, 10).
marTlac, RvTis madlis gareSe, Cveulebrivi adamiani
ver SesZlebda amgvari Rvawli etvirTa da amodena Sroma gaewia. ramdenadac gambedavi, Seupovari da uryevi
iyo wminda pavle Tavis mrwamsSi mefeebisa da ama qveynis
ZlierTa winaSe, imdenad principuli da wrfeli iyo
Tavis TanamoZme mociqulebTan mimarTebiT; magaliTad,
erTxel igi TviT petre mociqulis mxilebiTac ki gamovida, rodesac am didma mociqulma mas sayveduris sababi
misca antioqiaSi, warmarTobis mcireaziur dedaqalaqSi
(`da raJams movida petre antioqiad, winaSe pirsa missa aRudeg, rameTu Sekdebul iyo. da rameTu
pirvel moslvadmde vieTame iakobisgan warmarTTa
Tana Wamda; xolo raJams movides, ijmna da ganaSora
Tavi TKsi, rameTu eSinoda winadacueTilTa maTgan.
da mis Tana orgul iqmnnes sxuanica huriani, vidre
barnabaca mierCda maTsa mas orgulebasa. aramed raJams vixile, viTarmed ara marTl warmarTebul arian WeSmaritebisa mimarT saxarebisa, varqu petres
winaSe yovelTasa: ukueTu Sen huria xar da warmarTebr da ara huriaebr scxondebi, viTar aiZuleb
------ 8 ------
winaswari cnebebi
warmarTTa huriaebad?~ _ gal. 2, 11-14). aRniSnuli

faqti mniSvnelovania sxva rig faqtTa Soris imiTac,
rom aSkarad amxels romael-kaTolikeTa cru swavlebas
_ TiTqos, petre mociquli uflis mier iyo dadginebuli `sxva mociqulTa mTavrad~ da TviT uflis erTgvar
moadgiled (ris gamoc, romis papebi viTomcda atareben
`Ze RvTisas nacvalis~ tituls). nuTu, gakadnierdeboda
wminda pavle mociquli _ yofili mdevneli qristes
eklesiisa da sxvebze gvian misuli samociqulo msaxurebaze _ emxilebina TviT uSualo Semcvleli ufali
ieso qristesi samociqulo dasSi? es sruliad daujerebelia! wminda pavlem amxila wminda petre, rogorc
Tanasworma Tanaswori, Zmam _ Zma.
wminda pavle mociquli Tavidan savles saxels atarebda, miekuTvneboda beniamenis toms da daibada kilikiis
qalaq tarsusSi, romelic maSin ganTqmuli iyo Tavisi berZnuli akademiiTa da ganaTlebuli mosaxleobiT. rogorc
am qalaqis mkvidri an rogorc romis moqalaqeTa monobidan
gamosuli iudeveli, pavle sargeblobda romis moqalaqis
uflebebiT. tarsusSi pavlem Tavdapirveli aRzrda miiRo
da SesaZloa, warmarTul samecniero Sromebsac gaecno,
rameTu mis sityvebsa da epistoleebSi naTlad Cans kvali
imisa, rom igi icnobda warmarTi mwerlebis Txzulebebs
(saqm. 17, 28; 1 kor. 15, 33; tit. 1, 12). mTavari da saboloo ganaTleba man ukve rabinuli ganaTlebiT cnobil
ierusalimSi miiRo saxelovani moZRvris _ gamalielis ferxTiT (`me var kaci huriaY, Sobili tarsus kilikiisasa,
aRzrdili amasa qalaqsa Sina ferPTa Tana gamalielisTa...~ _ saqm. 22, 3), romelic rjulis sindisad iTvleboda
da miuxedavad imisa, rom farisevelTa partias miekuT------ 9 ------

vneboda, Tavisufali azrovnebisa da berZnuli sibrZnis
friad moyvaruli adamiani iyo (`xolo aR-vinme-dga krebulsa mas Soris fariseveli, saxelad gamaliel, sjulismoZRuari, patiosani yovelsa ersa Soris, da brZana
mcired gare ganyvanebaY mociqulTaY~ _ saqm. 5, 34). iqve,
ebraelebTan miRebuli Cveulebis Tanaxmad, axalgazrda
savlem karvebis damzadebis xelovneba Seiswavla, rac mas
SemdgomSi sakuTari SromiT saarsebo saxsrebis moepovebaSi daexmara (saqm. 18, 3; 2 kor. 11, 8; 2 Tes. 3, 8).
rogorc Cans, axalgazrda pavle rabinad msaxurebisTvis emzadeboda. amitom maSinve, rogorc ki saboloo
aRzrda miiRo da ganaTleba daasrula, man Tavi gamoavlina farisevluri gadmocemebis Zlier moSurned da
qristes sarwmunoebis mdevnelad (SeiZleba, amas akeTebda sinedrionis davalebiT). igi iyo mowme pirvelmowame
stefanes mkvlelobisa (saqm. 7, 58; 8, 1), Semdeg ki miiRo
ufleba oficialurad edevna qristianebi palestinis
sazRvrebs gareTac, kerZod _ damaskoSi (saqm. 9, 1,
2). magram ufalma ganWvrita masSi TavisTvis Sesaferisi
WurWeli da damaskos gzaze saswaulebrivad ixmo igi
samociqulo msaxurebisaTvis. mas Semdeg, rac ananiasgan
moinaTla, savle moSurne mqadagebeli gaxda mis mierve
manamde devnuli swavlebisa. droebiT igi arabeTSi gaemgzavra, Semdeg ki isev damaskoSi dabrunda qristes
saxelis saqadageblad. qristesken misi moqceviT iudevelebSi gamowveulma mrisxanebam savle aiZula ierusalimSi gaqceuliyo (saqm. 9, 23) _ qristes Sobidan 38 wels
da iq morwmuneTa sazogadoebas SeerTeboda. elinTa
mcdelobis mizeziT, moeklaT igi (saqm. 9, 29), mociquli
mSobliur qalaq tarsusSi gaemgzavra; iqidan, daaxloe------ 10 ------
winaswari cnebebi
biT 43 wels barnabam saqadageblad antioqiaSi miiwvia
da mere erTad gaemgzavrnen ierusalimSi moSimSileTaTvis SewirulobebiT (saqm. 11, 30). maleve, ierusalimidan
dabrunebis Semdeg, suliwmidis brZanebiT savle barnabasTan erTad Tavis pirvel samociqulo mogzaurobas
iwyebs, romelic 45 wlidan 51 wlamde gagrZelda. mociqulebma mTeli kviprosis kunZuli moiares. im droidan
savle, maT mier sarwmunoebisaken prokonsul sergis
moqcevis Semdeg, ukve pavled iwodeba. SemdgomSi maT
daafuZnes qristianuli Temebi mcireaziur qalaqebSi:
pisidiis antioqiaSi, ikoniaSi, lustrasa da derbedSi.
51 wels ierusalimSi wminda pavlem monawileoba miiRo
mociqulTa krebis muSaobaSi, sadac mgznebared gamovida im azris winaRmdeg, romlis mixedviTac miiCneoda,
rom warmarTobisgan moqceul qristianebs aucileblad
unda daecvaT moses rjulis wes-Cveulebebi. antioqiaSi
dabrunebuli pavle SilasTan erTad meore samociqulo
mogzaurobaSi gaemarTa. upirvelesad man moinaxula mis
mierve daarsebuli eklesiebi mcire aziaSi, Semdeg makedoniaSi gadavida, sadac daarsa qristianuli Temebi
filipeSi, Tesalonikesa da beriaSi. lustraSi wminda
pavlem SeiZina sayvareli mowafe timoTe, xolo troadadan Tavisi mogzauroba gaagrZela maTTan SeerTebul
JamTaaRmwerel lukasTan erTad. makedoniidan wminda
pavle saberZneTSi gadavida; iq iqadaga aTensa da korinToSi. am ukanasknelSi igi weliwad-naxevars gaCerda,
sadac ori epistole dawera TesalonikelTa mimarT. misi
meore mogzauroba 51 wlidan 55 wlamde gagrZelda, ris
Semdegac igi ierusalimSi gaemgzavra. gzad wminda pavlem moinaxula efeso da kesaria. ierusalimidan wminda
------ 11 ------

mociquli antioqiaSi dabrunda (saqm. me-17 da me-18
Tavebi). iq xanmokle yofnis Semdeg, wminda pavlem ukve
mesame samociqulo mogzauroba daiwyo (56-58 wlebi).
upirvelesad, Tavisi Cveulebisamebr, man moiara mis
mierve adre daarsebuli eklesiebi mcire aziaSi; Semdeg
daaarsa eklesia efesoSi, sadac ori wlis ganmavlobaSi
yoveldRe qadagebda vinme tviranes saswavlebelSi. iq man
dawera epistole galateelTa mimarT. misi daweris mizezi iyo im dros galateaSi iudaizmis mimdevarTa partiis
gaZliereba. iqve dawera agreTve, pirveli epistole korinToelTa mimarT _ iq warmoSobili uwesrigobebis gamo da
pasuxad misdami korinToelTa werilze. saxalxo amboxebam,
romelic mis winaaRmdeg vercxlismWedelma demetriosma
moawyo, mociquli aiZula efeso daetovebina da makedoniaSi gadasuliyo (saqm. me-19 Tavi). gzaSi man titesgan
miiRo cnoba korinTos eklesiis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da
iq misi epistoles keTil Sedegebze; pasuxad man makedoniidan ukve meore epistole gagzavna korinToSi tites xeliT. male, amis Semdeg, Tavad Cavida adgilze da iqidan
romaelebs miswera epistole. am dros wminda mociquli
izraxvida moenaxulebina jer ierusalimi, xolo Semdeg
romSi Casuliyo da iqidan dasavleTisken gaegrZelebina
gza. melitonSi pavle daemSvidoba efesoel mRvdlebs da
ierusalimSi gaemgzavra, sadac mis winaaRmdeg mowyobili
xalxis amboxis Sedegad, igi romis xelisuflebam daapatimra, _ jer prokunsul feliqsis dros, mere ki misi Semcvleli prokonsulis, festosis mmarTvelobisas. es moxda
59 wels, xolo 61 wels, igi, rogorc romis moqalaqe,
Tavisi surviliT romSi gaamgzavres keisris samsjavros
winaSe warsadgomad. gzaSi gemma katastrofa ganicada,
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winaswari cnebebi
ris gamoc, wminda mociqulma mxolod 62 wlis zafxulSi
miaRwia roms. iq igi romis xelisufalTa didi sulgrZelobiT sargeblobda da aukrZalavad qadagebda. amiT
mTavrdeba Txroba misi cxovrebis Sesaxeb, gadmocemuli
wignSi: `saqme mociqulTa~ (27-e da 28-e Tavebi). romidan
wminda pavlem epistole miswera filipelebs (madlobiT,
misTvis epafrodites xeliT gamogzavnili fuladi daxmarebis gamo), kolaselebs, efesoelebs da filimons _
kolasis mkvidrs, misgan gamoqceuli monis, onisimes gamo.
yvela es epistole gagzavnil iqna 63 wels tviqikosis
xeliT. 64 wels, aseve romidan iqna gagzavnili epistole
palestineli ebraelebis mimarT.
wminda pavle mociqulis Semdgomi cxovreba zustad
cnobili ar aris. zogierTebi Tvlian, rom igi romSi darCa da 64 wels neronis brZanebiT mowameobriv
sikvdils eziara. Tumca, arsebobs safuZveli vivaraudoT, rom orwliani patimrobis Semdeg, pavle gaaTavisufles da man meoTxe samociqulo mogzauroba Caatara, razedac mianiSnebs misi egreT wodebuli `samwyemso epistoleni~ timoTesa da tites mimarT. mas Semdeg,
rac wminda pavlem Tavisi saqmianoba daicva senatisa
da imperatoris winaSe, igi tyveobidan gaaTavisufles.
wminda mociqulma amis Semdeg aRmosavleTSi imogzaura:
didxans dahyo kunZul kretaze da iq datova Tavisi
mowafe tite, raTa mas yvela iqaur qalaqSi mRvdlebis
xeldasxma moexdina (tit. 1, 5), rac mowmobs mis mier
tites dadginebas kretas eklesiis episkoposad. Tavad
pavlem mogzauroba gaagrZela mcire aziis qveynebSi
da iqidan gaugzavna epistole tites episkoposis movaleobebTan dakavSirebiT. epistoledan Cans, rom igi
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varaudobda is zamTari (64 wlis) tarsus maxloblad
nikopolSi gaetarebina (tit. 3, 12). 65 wlis gazafxulze man moiara danarCeni mcireaziuri eklesiebi da
melitonSi datova sneuli trofime, romlis gamoc warmoiSva saxalxo SfoTi ierusalimSi mociqulis winaaRmdeg, ramac misi pirveli tyveoba gamoiwvia (2 tim. 4,
20). gaiara Tu ara man am dros efeso, cnobili ar aris,
radgan is ambobda, rom efesoeli mRvdlebi mis saxes aw
veRar ixilavdnen (saqm. 20, 25), magram, rogorc Cans,
man am dros xelni daasxa timoTes efesos episkoposad.
amis Semdeg mociqulma gaiara troada, sadac vinme karposs dautova Tavisi feloni da wignebi (2 tim. 4, 13)
da iqidan makedoniaSi gaemgzavra.
iq man Seityo efesoSi cruswavlebis gaZlierebis
Sesaxeb da gaugzavna Tavisi pirveli epistole timoTes.
darCa ra erTxans korinToSi (2 tim. 4, 20) da Sexvda
gzaSi petre mociquls, pavlem masTan erTad gaagrZela
gza dalmatiis gavliT (2 tim. 4, 10) italiaSi, Cavida
romamde, sadac daSorda petre mociquls da 66 wels
gza gaagrZela dasavleTiT, espaneTisken, rogorc es
didi xniT adre hqonda gadawyvetili (rom. 15, 24) da
rogorc amas gadmocema mowmobs. iqve, an ukve romSi
dabrunebis Semdeg, igi kvlav daapatimres (`meore tyveoba~), da ukve sikvdilamde aRar gaTavisuflebula.
arsebobs gadmocema, romlis Tanaxmadac, romSi dabrunebisas wminda mociquli imperator neronis karzec
ki qadagebda da qristes rwmenaze moaqcia misi erT-erTi
yvelaze sayvareli xarWi. amisTvis wminda pavle samsjavros gadasces da Tumc RvTis wyalobiT gamoxsnil iqna,
_ Tavisive gamoTqmiT `pirisagan lomisa~, anu gadaur------ 14 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Ca cirkSi mxecebisgan daglejas (ix. 2 tim. 4, 16, 17), _
igi mainc daapatimres. am meore patimrobidan man meore
epistole miswera timoTes efesoSi, sadac mas romSi
iwvevda ukanaskneli SexvedrisaTvis, rameTu grZnobda
moaxloebul sikvdils. gadmocema arafers ambobs imaze,
moaswro Tu ara timoTem Tavisi moZRvris cocxlad
naxva, magram mis Tanaxmad cnobilia, rom mociquls
ukve didxans aRar mouwia mowameobrivi gvirgvinisTvis
lodini: cxraTviani tyveobis Semdeg, mas romTan axlos
maxviliT Tavi mohkveTes, rogorc romis moqalaqes.
es moxda 67 wels, neronis mefobis me-12 weliwads.
wminda pavle mociqulis cxovreba mkveTrad iyofa
or nawilad. qristesken Tavis moqcevamde, maSin jer
kidev savle, igi mkacri fariseveli iyo, _ moses rjulisa da gadmocemebis damcveli. mas swamda, rom saqmeebiT gamarTldeboda da Tavisi winaprebis sarwmunoebis
fanatikuri mimdevari iyo. moqcevis Semdeg, qristes mociquli gaxda, mTlianad Seewira saxarebis qadagebis
saqmes, iyo bednieri Tavisi mowodebiT, magram amasTan,
gacnobierebuli hqonda sakuTari uZlureba esoden maRali msaxurebisaTvis da yvela Tavis Rvawlsa da damsaxurebas RvTis madls miawerda. TviT faqts, qristesken
Tavisi moqcevisa, wminda mociquli warmoaCens rogorc
mxolod da mxolod RvTis madlis moqmedebas. moqcevamde mTeli misi cxovreba, misive Rrma rwmeniT, iyo
cdomileba, codva, da mihyavda ara gamarTlebisken,
aramed dasjisken da mxolod RvTis madlma gamoiyvana am damRupveli cdomilebidan. iqidan moyolebuli,
wminda pavle erTaderTs imas cdilobs, rom saRvTo
madlis Rirsi iyos da SeinarCunos Tavisi RvTaebrivi
------ 15 ------

mowodeba. amitomac ar aris da arc SeiZleba mis werilebSi saubari iyos mis raime damsaxurebaze _ yovelive
RmerTis damsaxurebaa. wminda pavle mociqulis epistoleebSi gadmocemuli misi swavlani, zusti anabeWdia
misive cxovrebisa da swored am ZiriTad azrs Seicavs:
àdamiani marTldeba sarwmunoebiT, rjulis saqmeebisagan damoukideblad~ (Sdr. rom. 3, 28). magram aqedan ar SeiZleba davaskvnaT, TiTqos, wminda pavle mociquli uaryofdes cxonebis saqmeSi adamianis piradi
Zalisxmevis yovelgvar mniSvnelobas _ keTil saqmeebs
(ix. magaliTad: gal. 6, 4, an efes. 2, 10, an 1 tim. 2, 10
da mravali sxva). `rjulis saqmeebSi~ mis epistoleebSi
igulisxmeba ara zogadad `keTili saqmeni~, aramed moses rjulis wes-CveulebiTi saqmeni.
mtkiced unda vicodeT da gvaxsovdes, rom pavle mociquls misi mqadagebluri moRvaweobis periodSi mZafri
brZolis gadatana mouxda iudevelebTan da iudevelebis CveulebaTa momxre qristianebTan. bevri iudeveli
qristianobis miRebis Semdegac im Tvalsazrisze idga,
rom qristianebisTvis aucilebelia moses rjulis yvela
saritualo ganwesebis dacva. isini ampartavnuli azriT
iyvnen Sepyrobilni: TiTqos, qriste amqveynad mxolod
iudevelTa gamosaxsnelad movida; amitom warmarTni,
visac gadarCena surT, maTi azriT, jer iudevelebi unda
gamxdariyvnen, anu winadacveTa mieRoT da gawvrTniliyvnen moses mTeli rjulis SesrulebaSi. es cdomileba
imdenad uSlida xels warmarTebSi qristianobis gavrcelebas, rom mociqulebi iZulebulni gaxdnen 51 wels
ierusalimSi kreba moewviaT da misi ganCinebiT gaeuqmebinaT qristianebisTvis moses rjulis CveulebaTa dacvis
------ 16 ------
winaswari cnebebi
aucilebloba. Tumca, am krebis Semdegac bevri gaqristianebuli iudeveli kvlav jiutad agrZelebda Tavisi
pirvandeli Sexedulebis dacvas da Sedegad, SemdgomSi,
sruliad gamoeyvnen eklesias da Seadgines mwvalebluri
sazogadoeba. isini upirispirdebodnen piradad wminda
pavle mociquls da sargeblobdnen ra misi aryofniT
ama Tu im eklesiaSi, SfoTi SehqondaT saeklesio cxovrebaSi. amitom wminda pavle iZulebuli iyo Tavis
epistoleebSi mudmivad gaesva xazi, rom qriste mTeli
kacobriobis gamomxsnelia, _ rogorc iudevelebis, ise
warmarTebis, _ da rom adamiani cxondeba ara rjulis
wes-CveulebiTi saqmeebis dacviT, aramed qristes rwmeniT. samwuxarod, wminda mociqulis es azri Seryvna
luTerma da misma mimdevarma protestantebma: TiTqos,
pavle mociquli saerTod uaryofdes yovelgvari keTili
saqmis mniSvnelobas cxonebisaTvis. es rom ase yofiliyo, maSin wminda pavle ar ityoda korinToelTa mimarT
Tavis 1 epistoleSi (13, 2), rom `...maqundes RaTu yovelive sarwmuneoebaY vidre mTaTaca cvalebadmde da
siyuaruli Tu ara maqundes, ara-ve-raY var.~, rameTu
swored siyvaruli avlens Tavis Tavs keTil saqmeebSi.
wminda pavle mociqulis epistoleTa ricxovnoba.
sarwmuno wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, eklesiis saerTo xma
wminda pavle mociquls miakuTvnebs ToTxmet epistoles,
Tumca Zvelad bevri eWvi gamoiTqmeboda imis Sesaxeb,
miekuTvneboda Tu ara mas epistole ebraelTa mimarT.
es ToTxmeti epistole bibliaSi Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT aris ganlagebuli: 1) romaelTa mimarT, 2) pirveli
korinToelTa mimarT, 3) me-2 korinToelTa mimarT, 4)
------ 17 ------

galateelTa mimarT, 5) efesoelTa mimarT, 6) filipelTa
mimarT, 7) kolaselTa mimarT, 8) pirveli TesalonikelTa
mimarT, 9) me-2 TesalonikelTa mimarT, 10) pirveli timoTes mimarT, 11) me-2 timoTes mimarT, 12) tites mimarT,
13) filimonis mimarT, 14) ebraelTa mimarT.
es ar aris qronologiuri Tanmimdevroba. rogorc advilad SegviZlia SevniSnoT, amgvari Tanmimdevroba daculia TviT epistoleTa mniSvnelobisa da moculobis gaTvaliswinebiT da im eklesiebisa da pirTa mniSvnelobaTa
erTmaneTTan Sedarebidan gamomdinare, visac epistoleni
miemarTebaT. Svidi eklesiis mimarT epistoleebs mosdevs
epistoleni sami piris mimarT, xolo ebraelTa mimarT
epistole, boloSia ganTavsebuli, radgan misi namdviloba yvelaze gvian iqna aRiarebuli. Cveulebriv, wminda
pavle mociqulis epistoleni, or araTanabar jgufad
iyofa: 1) zogadqristianuli epistoleni da 2) samwyemso
epistoleni. am ukanasknelT miekuTvneba ori epistole
timoTes mimarT da epistole tites mimarT, radgan maTSi
miTiTebulia safuZvlebi da wesebi keTilmwyemsobisa.
wminda pavle mociqulis epistoleTa zogierTi adgili, rogoric aris, magaliTad, 1 kor. 5, 9, aseve, kolas.
4, 16, iZleoda sababs gvefiqra, rom arsebobda pavle mociqulis Cvenamde mouRweveli sxva epistolenic, magram
SeuZlebelia, rom isini dakarguliyo im mzrunvelobis pirobebSi, rasac pirveldaarsebuli eklesia iCenda wminda mociqulTa werilebisadmi. pavle mociquls
miawerdnen, agreTve, filosofos senekasTan warmoebul
miwer-moweras, romelic iyo `saqme mociqulTa~-Si moxseniebuli prokonsul galionis Zma (saqm. 18, 12), magram
aRniSnulma werilebma namdvilobis aRiareba ver hpova.
------ 18 ------
winaswari cnebebi
wminda pavle mociqulis epistoleTa mniSvneloba da mizani. axali aRTqmis wignebis SemadgenlobaSi
udidesi mniSvneloba ukavia wminda pavle mociqulis
epistoleebs, rameTu maTSi Rrmad da yovelmxrivadaa
gaxsnili da ganmartebuli saxarebiseuli swavlebis WeSmaritebani. garda calkeuli, wminda pavlesTvis qristes
sarwmunoebis gansakuTrebiT sayvareli WeSmaritebebisa,
_ rogorebicaa, magaliTad, ZvelaRTqmiseuli rjulis
mniSvnelobaze axal aRTqmasTan mimarTebiT; adamianuri
bunebis garyvnisa da gaxrwnis Taobaze; RmerTis winaSe
gamarTlebis erTaderT saSualebaze ieso qristes sarwmunoebis gziT, _ ar aris, SeiZleba iTqvas, arc erTi
kerZo punqti mTel qristianul dogmatikaSi, romelic ver ipovida TavisTvis safuZvelsa da dadasturebas pavles epistoleebSi. amitom ver iqneba WeSmariti
RvTismetyveli is, visac ar Seuswavlia isini guldasmiT
da Zirfesvianad. epistoleTa udidesi nawili Camoyalibebulia erTi da igive gegmis mixedviT. iwyeba isini
mkiTxvelisadmi misalmebiT da RmerTisadmi madlobiT
misi gangebulebiTi moqmedebis gamo im adgilze, sadac
epistole igzavneba. Semdeg, Cveulebriv, epistole iyofa
or _ dogmatur da zneobriv _ nawilad. bolos ki, epistoles daskvniT nawilSi, mociquli exeba kerZo saqmeebs,
iZleva davalebebs, saubrobs sakuTar mdgomareobaze,
adasturebs Tavis keTilganwyobas da uTvlis mSvidobisa
da siyvarulis mokiTxvas. misi cocxali da mkafio metyveleba ZvelaRTqmiseul winaswarmetyvelebs gvagonebs
da mowmobs mis axlo nacnobobas wminda werilTan.
------ 19 ------
epistole romaelTa mimarT

romis eklesiis daarseba da misi wevrebis Semadgenloba. romis eklesiis daarsebis Sesaxeb, romelmac
SemdgomSi esoden didi mniSvneloba SeiZina eklesiis
istoriaSi, araviTari zusti monacemebi ar arsebobs.
amis Sesaxeb mxolod varaudis ageba SeiZleba, Tumca
sakmaod sarwmuno varaudisa. Tavad pavle mociquli
romaelTa mimarT epistoleSi wers, rom qristianebs Soris arian iseTebic, romlebmac masze adre irwmunes
qriste (kerZod, andronike da iuniani _ rom. 16, 7),
da rom romaelTa rwmena ukve mTel msoflioSi idideba (`...sarwmunoebaY ege Tqueni ganiTqumis yovelsa
sofelsa~ _ rom. 1, 8). klimentis rekogniciebSi vkiTxulobT, rom jer kidev ufali ieso qristes miwieri
cxovrebis dros, mis Sesaxeb cnobebi romamde aRwevda
da adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi aramxolod gakvirvebas
iwvevda, aramed _ rwmenasac. amaSi ucxo araferia, Tu
mxedvelobaSi miviRebT imas, rom pompeusis mier iudeas
romisadmi damorCilebis droidan, (qristes xorcielad
Sobamde 63 weli), romSi mravali iudeveli damkvidrda;
SemdgomSi, maTTvis, gansakuTrebuli kvartalic ki gamoiyo. isini dResaswaulze ierusalimSi adiodnen da,
ra Tqma unda, iqidan dabrunebulebs SeeZloT, romSi
moeyolaT iqauri ambebi. mociqulebze suliwmidis gardamosvlis dRes, rogorc amas JamTaaRmwereli mowmobs,
am udidesi movlenis mowmeni romaelebic gaxdnen (saqm.
2, 10). maT Soris, savsebiT SesaZloa, morwmunenic da
naTelRebulnic yofiliyvnen, romlebic, mermed, romSi
------ 20 ------
winaswari cnebebi
pirveli qristianuli sazogadoebis damaarseblebi gaxdnen. Cndeba kiTxva, saidan da romeli mociqulisgan iRebs
dasabams am pirveli romauli Temis saeklesio ierarqia?
romis eklesiis gadmocema ambobs, rom romSi iyo wminda
petre mociquli, romelic iq ierusalimidan Cavida 43
wels sapyrobiledan saswaulebrivad gaTavisuflebis
Semdeg da samRvdelmTavro msaxurebas eweoda 25 wlis
ganmavlobaSi, vidre mowameobrivad aResruleboda 67
wels; magram es ar eTanxmeba Cvens xelT arsebul sxva
monacemebs. ar SeiZleba eWvis Setana imaSi, rom wminda
petre romSi ar imyofeboda im dros, rodesac wminda
pavle romaelebis mimarT epistoles werda. wminda petre mociquli rom im dros romSi episkoposad yofiliyo, maSin, nuTu, wminda pavle gakadnierdeboda daemoZRvra misi samwyso? magram Tuki mainc saWirod CaTvlida romis samwysosaTvis epistoleTi miemarTa, maSin, ra
Tqma unda, amas gaakeTebda ara wminda petres gverdis
avliT, da rame saxiT mainc moixseniebda mas Tavis epistoleSi. garda amisa, wminda pavle Tavad ambobs, rom
mas ar hqonda Cveuleba èSenebina sxvis safuZvelze~
(Sdr. rom. 15, 20) da èqadaga sxvis samTavroSi~ (Sdr.
2 kor. 10, 16). ar Seecdeboda wminda pavle romSi wasvlas, iq rom ukve yofiliyo wminda petre; ar yofila
im dros romSi wminda petre, Sesabamisad _ arc wminda
pavles pirveli tyveobis damTavrebamde. SeuZlebelia,
rom JamTaaRmwerels, romelic gadmogvcems wminda pavles romSi Casvlas da iq mis qadagebas, ar exsenebina,
rom im dros iq imyofeboda wminda petre mociquli.
aqedan cxadia Semdegi daskvna: wminda petre mociquli
romSi SeiZleba yofiliyo mxolod wminda pavle moci------ 21 ------

qulis pirveli tyveobis Semdeg, anu Tavis mowameobriv
aRsrulebamde cota xniT adre.
maS, vin iyo romis eklesiis damaarsebeli?
unda vivaraudoT: wminda pavle mociqulis mowafeni. romaelTa mimarT epistoles boloSi, wminda pavle
mociquli mokiTxvas uTvlis mTel rig pirebs, rogorc
Cans, misTvis Zalian axlobel da kargad nacnob adamianebs. vin arian es pirebi da rogor SeeZlo wminda
pavle mociquls, romelic manamde romSi namyofi ar
iyo, gacnoboda maT? eWvi ar aris, rom yvela isini gandevnilni iyvnen romidan imperator klavdiosis
mier da gabneulni _ saberZneTis, makedoniisa da mcire
aziis teritoriebze, sadac gaecvnen pavle mociquls.
maTgan erTni, mis mier iqnen naTelRebulni, meoreni _
misi TanamuSakni gaxdnen, klavdiosis sikvdilis Semdeg ki kvlav romSi dabrundnen da sulierad marTavdnen romis saeklesio Tems. wminda pavle mociquli
amitomac iltvoda romisken ase survilanTebuli, rom
moemko Tavisi mowafebis mier daTesilidan aRmocenebuli nayofi.
gadmocema ki imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos romis eklesia
wminda petre mociqulma daarsa, SeiZleba aixsnas imiT,
rom romis pirvelmorwmuneebs warmoadgendnen ergasis
dRes moqceuli pirebi, romlebmac moismines wminda petre mociqulis sityva da, bunebrivia, igi Tavis sulier
mamad miaCndaT. amas isic daemata, rom wminda petre mociqulma swored romSi miiRo mowameobrivi sikvdili.
romis eklesiis SemadgenlobaSi Tavdapirvelad,
umeteswilad, iudevelebi Sediodnen, magram Semdeg,
bevrma warmarTma irwmuna da, amdenad, maTma ricx------ 22 ------
winaswari cnebebi
vma iudevelebisas gadaaWarba kidec. es Cans romaelTa
mimarT epistoledanac. adgilobrivi warmarTebi, warmarTul crurwmenaSi gacbunebulni, iudevelebTan SexebaSi prozelitebi xdebodnen, rac maT qristianobaSi
gadasvlas uadvilebdaT, radgan es ufro metis momtani
iyo, rameTu sruliad ukmayofilebda maT sulier
moTxovnilebas. amasTan dakavSirebiT, romaeli filosofosi seneka ambobda, rom damarcxebulebi aZleven
sarwmunoebis rjuls gamarjvebulebs, xolo iubenali
dascinoda iudauri wes-Cveulebebis damcvel romaelebs, gansakuTrebiT _ qalebs. svetoniusis mowmobiT,
iudevelebi romidan gaaZeva imperatorma klavdiosma, im
mizeziT, rom maT Soris xSirad hqonda SfoTs adgili
ieso qristes saxelTan dakavSirebiT. am dros, warmarTobidan moqceuli morwmuneni ver dazaraldebodnen,
radgan devna mxolod iudevelebs SeexoT, Tanac ara
sarwmunoebisaTvis, aramed sazogadoebrivi simSvidis
darRvevis mizeziT. yofili warmarTebis Temi izrdeboda da viTardeboda ukve damoukideblad da, amgvarad, sruliad gamocalkevda iudevelebisagan. Semdeg,
rodesac iudevelTagan moqceuli qristianeni dabrundnen, isini mWidrod Seerwynen warmarTTagan moqceulT
da maTTan erTad Seadgines erToba da sabolood
gamoeyvnen iudevelebs. morwmuneTa es gamocalkeveba
iudevelebisagan mkafiod gamoCnda romSi wminda pavles Sesvlisas, rodesac morwmuneni mis Sesaxvedrad
gamovidnen `vidre ahpioforadmde da mesame RKnis
safardulad~ (saqm. 28, 15), iudevelebi ki sami dRis
ganmavlobaSi erTxelac ar misulan masTan, sanam pavlem
Tavad ar miiwvia isini sasaubrod.
------ 23 ------

epistoles daweris mizezi da mizani. romaelTa
mimarT epistoledan ar Cans, rom maT Tavad misces
pavles rame sababi mis dasawerad. epistole sruliad zogadi xasiaTisaa da ar miuTiTebs konkretulad
romael qristianeTa cxovrebis kerZo maxasiaTebelze.
tyuilad fiqroben, rom sababi iyo rame saxis kamaTi
an dayofa maT Soris, rodesac miuTiTeben me-16 Tavis
me-17 muxlze (`glocav Tquen, Zmano, ekrZalebodeT
maTgan, romelni igi wvalebasa da sacTursa iqman
gareSe mis moZRurebisa, romeli Tquen giswavies, da
ganeSoreniT maTgan~) _ es adgilic zogadi xasiaTisaa,
rogorc yvela sxva Segoneba.
mizezi, ramac pavle mociquli am epistoles dasawerad aRZra, TviT wminda pavleSi iyo, romelic _ mas
Semdeg rac gaigo, rom romaelebi moeqcnen _ eswrafvoda Seemowmebina, yvelaferi saTanadod viTardeboda
Tu ara maTTan. igi xom `warmarTTa mociquli~ iyo, da
misTvis bunebrivi iyo ezruna mTeli maSindeli kulturuli samyaros dedaqalaqis mcxovrebTa qristianul
warmatebaze. apirebda ra romaelTa monaxulebas, man
maT Tavisi gamgzavrebis win epistoleTi mimarTa, raTa
misi meSveobiT TavisTan Sesaxvedrad Seemzadebina. epistoleSi wminda pavle ayalibebs mTeli qristianuli
swavlebis saerTo programas da afrTxilebs, ar dasnebovdnen imaTgan, vinc iudaurad moqmedebs.
sababi imisa, rom swored am dros gaigzavna epistole, iyo korinTodan, _ sadac pavle imyofeboda,
_ romSi gamgzavreba Rrmad pativcemuli kenqreli dedaTdiakvnis fibesi, romelmac didi samsaxuri gauwia
sarwmunoebasa da eklesias da saxarebis gavrcelebaSi
------ 24 ------
winaswari cnebebi
uSualod exmareboda pavle mociquls, rasac wminda
pavle Tavad amowmebs (16, 1, 2). mas romSi saqme hqonda
da wminda pavle mociqulma, afasebda ra mis damsaxurebas, Tavis movaleobad CaTvala waredgina igi romaeli
qristianebisTvis.
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. TviT epistoles monacemebiT, SeiZleba zustad davadginoT, rom
is korinToSia dawerili. es iqidan Cans, rom wminda pavle romaelebs mokiTxvas gadascems gaiosisgan, visTanac
is cxovrobda, da erastosgan _ qalaqis xazinismcvelisgan (16, 23), xolo misi sxva epistoledan (1 kor. 1, 14
da 2 tim. 4, 20) Cans, rom es pirebi korinToSi cxovrobdnen. zustad aseve, fibec, visi xeliTac epistole
gaigzavna, iyo kenqris dedaTdiakoni, kenqre ki korinTos
gareubans warmoadgenda (misi navsayudeli iyo egeosis
zRvispirze).
wminda pavle mociquli araerTxel yofila korinToSi da amitomac Cndeba kiTxva: korinToSi, kerZod,
misi romeli yofnisas dawera man epistole romaelTa
mimarT? TviT epistoleSi amazec aris zusti miniSneba.
mociquli romaelebs amcnobs, rom apirebs ierusalimSi
asvlas im SemowirulobebiT, rac man makedoniasa da
aqaiaSi Seagrova, xolo ierusalimidan _ romsa da Semdeg, espaneTSi (15, 25-28). Tu amas SevadarebT `saqme
mociqulTa~-Si monaTxrobs (19, 21 da 20, 3), davadgenT, rom romaelTa mimarT epistole pavle mociqulis
mier dawerilia misi mesame samociqulo mogzaurobisas,
rodesac man sami Tve dahyo eladaSi anu, daaxloebiT,
59 wlis gazafxulze.
------ 25 ------

epistoles namdviloba. yvelaze mkacrma kritikamac
ki ver SesZlo eWvi gamoeTqva, rom es epistole pavles
ar ekuTvnis. wminda klimenti romaeli, wminda polikarpe
smirneli, wminda irineos lioneli, tertuliane da wminda
klimenti aleqsandrieli, aseve, bolo drois yvela mwerali
da mwvalebelic ki, icnobs am epistoles da mis citirebas
axdens. mxolod mwvalebeli markioni uaryofda bolo ori
Tavis namdvilobas, _ dawyebuli me-14 Tavis 24-e muxlidan.
amas mohyva uaxlesi kritika, TiTqos es ori Tavi gviandeli damateba yofiliyos, risTvisac origene ganikiTxavda
markions. am ori Tavis arseboba uZveles xelnawerebSi,
iseve rogorc maTi Sinaarsi, sadac araferia wminda pavle
mociqulis sulis, swavlisa da cxovrebis mdgomareobis
sawinaaRmdego, gvarwmunebs mis ueWvel namdvilobaSi.
epistoles Sinaarsi da Semadgenloba. romaelTa mimarT epistole 16 Tavisgan Sedgeba. misi Sinaarsis mTavar
sagans warmoadgens warmoCena imisa, rom cxonebis erTaderTi gza, rogorc warmarTebis, ise iudevelebisaTvis,
aris ufali ieso qriste. am Temis ganxilva Seadgens epistoles umetes nawils _ 11 Tavs. amas Semdgom TavebSi,
me-12-dan me-15 Tavis me-13 muxlis CaTvliT, gadmocemulia qristianuli cxovrebis zogadi zneobiTi Segonebani.
epistole iwyeba Cveulebrivi SesavliT, romelic warmodgenilia zedwarweriTa da misalmebiT, xolo mTavrdeba
bolosityvaobiTa da masSi sxvadasxva piris mokiTxviT.
epistoles egzegetikuri ganxilva. romaelTa mimarT epistole iwyeba sakmaod vrceli zedwarweriTa
da misalmebiT: `pavle, monaY iesu qristesi, Cinebuli
------ 26 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mociquli, rCeuli saxarebasa mas RvTisasa~. uwodebs

ra TavmdablobiT Tavis Tavs `qristes monas~, amis Semdeg pavle mociquli ambobs, rom igi romaelebs Tavisi
mzrunvelobis qveS aiyvans, TviT ufali ieso qristes
mier misi mociqulad mowodebis safuZvelze, `romlisagan moviReT madli da mociqulebaY dasamorCilebelad sarwmunoebisa yovelTa warmarTTa saxelisa
misisaTKs~, romelTa Soris isinic _ romaelebic arian.
Semdeg, Cveulebis Tanaxmad, mociquli maT gadascems
`madlsa da mSvidobas~ (mux. 1-7).
amis Semdeg, pavle mociquli wers, rom romaelebTan
erTobaSi Sesasvlelad igi aRZra iman, rom sarwmunoeba
maTi `ganiTqumis yovelsa sofelsa~, anu mociqulisTvis gansakuTrebiT sasiamovnoa qristes aseT Rirseul
mimdevrebTan gacnoba imisaTvis, rom maTi rwmena kidev
ufro maRal xarisxSi aiyvanos: `raYTa mi-raYme-gce
Tquen madli sulieri dasamtkicebelad Tquenda.
xolo ars ese TananugeSiniscema Tquen Soris urTierTarsi igi sarwmunoebaY Tqueni da Cemi~ (mux. 8-10).
wminda pavle ambobs, rom araerTxel daapira maTTan misvla, magram dabrkolebebs xvdeboda. es dabrkolebebia
_ yvela im erSi qadagebis warmatebis survili, sadac ki
manamde mociquls uqadagia, da aqedan gamowveuli moucleloba. me-16 muxlidan iwyeba sarwmunoebrivi, dogmaturi nawili epistolesi, sadac mociquli amtkicebs,
rom RmerTis winaSe yvela codvilia da Tavis gasamarTlebelic araferi aqvT, _ rogorc warmarTebs, ise
iudevelebs, _ da rom adamians acxonebs mxolod uflis
_ ieso qristes cocxali rwmena: `...marTali Cemi sarwmunoebisagan cxondes~ (abak. 2, 4). upirvelesad, mo------ 27 ------

ciquli saubrobs warmarTTa codvis Sesaxeb, romlebmac
ar izrunes SeecnoT WeSmariti RmerTi misi Semoqmedebis
saSualebiT, rameTu misi Zala da RmrTeeba `dabadebiTgan soflisaYT qmnulTa maT Sina sacnaurad ixilvebis~ (mux. 18-20). WeSmariti RmerTis Seucnoblobam
isini kerpTTayvanismcemlobamde miiyvana, kerpTTayvanismcemlobam ki, Tavis mxriv, yovelgvar uvargisobamde da
biwier uzneo cxovrebamde (mux. 21-32).
meore TavSi wminda mociquli gadadis iudevelebze;
ambobs, rom warmarTebTan erTad saRvTo samsjavro
iudevelebsac moeliT, romlebic, miuxedavad imisa, rom
rjuli gacxadebuli hqondaT, mainc arc erT droSi
warmarTebze ukeTesni ar yofilan: ganikiTxavdnen ra
warmarTebs maTi ukeTurobis gamo, Tavadac igives iqmodnen. Tumca episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli,* wminda
ioane oqropiris ganmartebaze dayrdnobiT, SeniSnavs,
rom am Tavis pirvel 16 muxlSi igulisxmeba ara mxolod iudevelebi, aramed saerTod yvela adamiani, vinc
sxvebs ganikiTxavs codvebisTvis, TviTon ki, am dros,
srulebiTac ar zrunavs codvebisgan ganrinebas. es gansakuTrebiT exeba xelisufalT, saxalxo mmarTvelebs,
yvelas, visac gasamarTlebis ufleba aqvs. aseTebma unda
icodnen, rom àra ars TualTRebaY RvTisa Tana~, da
yoveli Semcodebeli, vinc ar unda iyos igi, damsaxurebisamebr miiRebs sasjels. aq mTavaria imis aRniSvna,
rom warmarTebi, romlebsac RvTivgacxadebuli rjuli
ar gaaCniaT, RmerTis mier ganisjebian maT gulebSi daw* rodesac avtori winamdebare naSromze muSaobda, episkoposi
Teofane dayudebuli jer kidev ar iyo wmindanad Seracxuli;
igi wmindanad Seracxes 1988 wels. _ red.
------ 28 ------
winaswari cnebebi
erili sindisis kanoniT: `rodesac warmarTebi, romlebsac rjuli ara aqvT, bunebiTad rjulismier moqmedeben, maSin, ara aqvT ra rjuli, Tavad arian TavisTvis
rjuli: isini aCveneben, rom rjulis saqmeni maT gulze
uweriaT, rasac maTi sindisi da goneba mowmobs, romlebic im dRes, rodesac saxarebis Tanaxmad RmerTi
kacTa dafarul saqmeebs gansjis, xan brals dasdeben
erTimeores, xan _ gaamarTleben~ (Sdr. mux. 1-16).
17-29 muxlSi wminda pavle mociquli saubrobs
gamorCeulad iudevelTa Sesaxeb, rom maT amao imedi
aqvT TavianTi winadacveTisa da amaod iqadian RvTivgacxadebuli rjuliT, rameTu maTi winadacveTa da
maTTvis micemuli saRvTo rjuli meti sasjelis momtania maTTvis, Tuki isini, iqadian ra rjuliT, rjulis
darRveviT RmerTs Seuracxyofen (mux. 17-29).
mesame TavSi wminda mociquli aCvenebs, rom iudevelebs araviTari upiratesoba ar gaaCniaT warmarTebis
winaSe, `rameTu rogorc iudevelebi, ise elinebi, yvelani codvis qveS arian~ (mux. 9), `yovelTave Sescodes da daklebul arian didebisagan RvTisa~
(mux. 23). amitom, gamarTlebis miReba adamians SeuZlia
mxolod `sarwmunoebis gziT~, `gamoPsniTa miT iesu
qristesiTa~ (mux. 24, 25). da mainc, iudevelebs aqvT
is upiratesoba, rom maT èrwmunaT RvTis sityva~
(mux. 2), romelic Seicavs zeciur aRTqmas mesiis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom iudevelebi ar aRmoCndnen
erTgulni, daecvaT es udidesi saRvTo saunje, RmerTi, Tavisi bunebidan gamomdinare, mainc aucileblad
Seasrulebs maTTvis micemul aRTqmas. iudevelebisTvis
micemuli rjuli kidev ufro amZimebs maT pasuxismge------ 29 ------

blobasa da danaSauls. xolo, radganac RmerTi ar aris
mxolod iudevelebis RmerTi, aramed warmarTebisac,
amitom rogorc erTTaTvis, ise meoreTaTvisac cxonebis mxolod erTi gza arsebobs _ sarwmunoeba. magram
amiT ar aRmoifxvreba rjulis mniSvneloba, piriqiT _
mtkicdeba, rameTu RvTis madlma saSualeba misca adamianebs aResrulebinaT rjulis moTxovnilebani.
meoTxe TavSi mociquli ixsenebs ZvelaRTqmiseul
marTlebs _ abraamsa da daviTs, da maTi saxiT aCvenebs,
rom ara mxolod rjulis ganwesebaTa formaluri Sesruleba amarTlebs adamians RmerTis winaSe, aramed rwmena RmerTis yovladZlieri madlisa, romelic adamians
saRvTo wyalobiT eZleva: `hrwmena abrahams RmerTi
da Seeracxa mas simarTled~ (mux. 3).
mexuTe TavSi mociquli gadmogvcems qristianuli
swavlebis ZiriTad WeSmaritebas codvisa da gamoxsnis
Sesaxeb. rogorc adamidan, kacobriobis bunebrivi Tavidan, codva mTel kacTa modgmaze gavrcelda _ àmisTKs,
viTarca-igi erTisa mis kacisaTKs codvaY soflad
SemoPda da codvisa ZliT - sikudili, da esreT yovelTa kacTa zeda sikudili moiwia, romliTa yovelTa Sescodes~ (rom. 5, 12), _ aseve qristem, kacobriobis
axalma sulierma Tavma, Tavisi gamomsyidveli RvawliT
uboZa xsna mTel kacTa modgmas. am Tavis me-12_21-e muxlebi warmoadgens erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan adgils dogmaturi Sinaarsis siRrmiT. imis mtkicebulebas,
rom adamis codva namdvilad gadavida mis yvela STamomavalze, emsaxureba sikvdilis faqti, romelic adamis
codvas mohyva Sedegad, anu egreT wodebul pirvelqmnil codvas. mociquli mniSvnelovan garemoebaze miu------ 30 ------
winaswari cnebebi
TiTebs: mosemde rjuli ar arsebobda, Sesabamisad, adamianebs maTi codvebi ar moekiTxebodaT: `xolo codvad
arad Seracxil iyo TKnier Sjulisa~ (mux. 13), magram,
miuxedavad amisa, adamianebi mosemdec kvdebodnen. aqedan bunebrivia daskvna, rom isini sikvdiliT isjebodnen ara sakuTari codvebis gamo, aramed maTze mamamTavar adamisgan gadasuli pirvelqmnili codvis mizeziT.
xolo rodesac rjuli miecaT da adamianebma mainc ar
daanebes Tavi codvebs, amiT maTi danaSauli RmerTis
winaSe kidev ufro gaizarda (mux. 20). rodesac amgvarad codva gamravlda, qristes gamomsyidveli Rvawlis
wyalobiT adamianebs mometebuli RvTis madli miecaT _
`sada-igi ganmravlda codvaY, mun ufrosad gardaemata madli,~ (mux. 20). qristes gamomsyidveli RvawliT
aRixoceba aramarto adamis pirvelqmnili codva, aramed
adamianTa yvela kerZo codvac (mux. 16).
meeqvse muxlSi, imisaTvis, rom cru daskvna ar iyos
gamotanili, _ Tuki codvis gamravlebam RvTis yovladZlieri madlis moqmedeba gamoiwvia, maSin xom ar
sjobs codvaSi darCena, raTa kvlav gamoviwvioT RvTis
wyalobao, _ mociquli mouwodebs qristianebs wminda,
keTilmoqmedi cxovrebisaken. naTlisRebis momentidan
qristiani codvisTvis kvdeba da xelaxla ibadeba axali _ wminda _ cxovrebisaTvis; msgavsad imisa, rogorc
qriste macxovari Cveni, vnebuli da jvarze momkvdari,
mkvdreTiT aRdga da cxovrobs `maradis RmerTisTvis~
(`romeli-igi cxovel ars, cxovel ars RvTisa~ _
mux. 10), _ ègreca Tquen SehracxeniT Tavni Tquenni
mkudrad codvisaTKs da cxovelad RvTisa qriste
iesuYs mier uflisa Cuenisa~ (mux. 11). es adgili (6,
------ 31 ------

3-11) ikiTxeba saRvTo liturgiaze did SabaTs, rodesac moixsenieba qristes mokvdineba da daflva da misi
saflavad yofna. Cveni `Zueli igi kaci~ (anu codvili, codvisken midrekili), jvars unda ecvas qristes
Tana, raTa `ganqardes Porci igi codvisaY, raYTa
aRar vhmonebdeT Cuen codvasa~. codvis monobidan
gaTavisufleba qristians WeSmarit Tavisuflebas aniWebs. Tuki amis Semdeg qristiani mainc aris mona, is
ukve simarTlis monaa, magram es monoba mxolod moCvenebiTia: aseTad is mxolod uZlurTaTvis Cans, romlebic sruliad jer kidev ar gaTavisuflebulan codvis monobisagan, imitom rom simarTlis msaxurebis dasawyisSi saWiroa sakuTar Tavze Zaldataneba, codviT
midrekilebebTan brZola. magram, samagierod, simarTlis
monobis, anu RmerTis monobis nayofi aris siwminde da
saukuno cxovreba, xolo codvis monobis Sedegi iseTi
nayofia, `romlisaTvis aw egera grcxuenis, rameTu
aRsasruli maTi sikudili ars~ (mux. 16-22).
meSvide TavSi mociquli gvixsnis, rom codvis monobisagan gaTavisuflebuli qristiani moses rjulis Sesrulebidanac Tavisufalia. `Sjuli uflebs kacsa
zeda~, sanam igi cocxalia. magaliTad, qmris sikvdili
cols aTavisuflebs meuRleobis kanonieri valdebulebisagan da mas SeuZlia sxvaze gaTxovdes. àmisTKs Tquenca, Zmano Cemno, _ ambobs mociquli, _ mohkuediT Sjulisagan PorciTa miT qristesiTa, raYTa iyvneT Tquen
sxvKsa mis mkudreTiT aRdgomilisa,* raYTa nayofi
* mkvdarni xarT rjulisTvis qristes xorciT, raTa ukve sxvas
ekuTvnodeT, mkvdreTiT aRmdgars
------ 32 ------
winaswari cnebebi
gamoviRoT RvTisa~ (mux. 4). moses rjuli droebiTi

mniSvnelobisa iyo, raTa gamoeCina codvis mTeli Zala
da kacobrioba mieyvana im azramde, rom SeuZlebelia
cxoneba RvTis gansakuTrebuli madlmosili Sewevnis gareSe. rjuls mxolod codviTi wylulebis warmoCena
SeeZlo, magram ar iZleoda misgan gankurnebas: igi adamians mxolod da mxolod uZlurebis mware SegrZnebas aZlevda, imis gamo, rom ar SeeZlo rjulis yvela
moTxovna Seesrulebina da amiT RmerTisgan gamarTleba
mieRo. axla ki Cven, qristianebi, rjulisgan gavTavisufldiT imitom, rom vemsaxuroT RmerTs `ganaxlebuliTa suliTa da ara daZuelebuliTa wigniTa~, anu
_ ara rjulis garegani, formaluri ganwesebebiT. aqve
mociquli gvafrTxilebs, rom ar gamovitanoT cru
daskvna, TiTqos kanoni Seicavdes codvis mizezs: rjuli
rom ar yofiliyo, arc codva iqnebodao. ara, codvis mizezi TviT adamianSia. rjuli TavisTavad wmindaa,
da wmindaa misi mcnebebic _ samarTliania da keTilisken aris mimarTuli. rjuli mxolod avlens adamianis
bunebaSi fesvgamdgar codvas, _
bunebaSi, romelic
Seryvnilia pirvelqmnili codviT. meSvide Tavis meore
naxevarSi (mux. 13-25) mociquli ganmartavs moCvenebiT
Seusabamobas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom moses wminda
rjulis pirobebSi adamianis codvianoba aramcTu Semcirda, piriqiT, kidev ufro gaizarda. ris gamoc, saWiro
gaxda gansakuTrebuli madlmosili saSualeba adamianTa
gamoxsnisaTvis mxolodSobili Ze RvTisas gamomsyidveli
Rvawlis meSveobiT. es wminda werilis axalaRTqmiseuli
wignebis arcTu bevr adgilTagan erT-erTia, sadac aseTi
ZaliTa da siRrmiT aris gamoxatuli adamianis zneobri------ 33 ------

vi bunebis codviani garyvniloba: `rameTu romelsa-igi
viqmn, ara vici; rameTu ara romeli-igi me mnebavs,
mas viqm, aramed romeli-igi mZuls, mas vhyof~ (mux.
15). mxolod sakuTari ZalebiT, saRvTo madlis gareSe,
adamianisTvis SeuZlebelia masSi damkvidrebuli codvis
daZleva, `rameTu ara romeli-igi mnebavs keTili, mas
vhyof, aramed romeli-igi ara mnebavs boroti, mas
viqm. xolo ukueTu, romeli-igi me ara mnebavs da mas
vhyof, arRara me viqm mas, aramed romeli-igi damkKdrebul ars Cem Tana codvaY~ (mux. 19, 20). wminda mociquli mTeli sicxadiT warmoaCens gaorebis im suraTs,
rasac qmnis codva Cvens dacemul bunebaSi: `vpovo-mea
Sjuli, romelsa undes Cemda yofad keTilisa, rameTu me boroti wina mic? rameTu Tana-mnebavs me
Sjulsa RvTisasa SinaganiTa miT kaciTa. da vxedav
sxuasa Sjulsa asoTa Sina CemTa, romeli-igi winaganewyvebis Sjulsa mas gonebisa Cemisasa da warmtyuenavs me SjuliTa miT codvisaYTa, romeli-igi
ars asoTa Sina CemTa~ (mux. 21-23); ùbadruki me ese
kaci! vin-me miPsnes PorcTa amaTgan amis sikudilisaTa?~ (mux. 24). aRgviwera ra adamianis codvisadmi
damonebis es savalalo mdgomareoba, wminda pavle amis
Semdeg migviTiTebs Cveni macxovris yovladZlier Sewevnaze: `xolo vhmadlob RmerTsa (Cemsa) qriste iesuYs
mier uflisa Cuenisa...~ (mux. 25). ufal gamomsyidvels,
Cveni ubadrukobis pirobebSic ki, SeuZlia CvenSi damkvidrebul codvaze gagvamarjvebinos. dawvrilebiT amis
Sesaxeb saubaria amis Semdgom (merve) TavSi.
gamoikvlia ra codvis Zala da qriste macxovris
gamomsyidveli Rvawlis sidiade, romelmac gagvaTa------ 34 ------
winaswari cnebebi
visufla codvis xelmwifebisagan da gviboZa saSualeba
vicxovroT suliT da ara xorciT, wminda pavle mociquli merve TavSi gvarwmunebs vebrZoloT codvas,
rameTu axla ukve verafriT gavimarTlebT Tavs, Tu am
brZolas Tavs avaridebT. CvenTan aris qristes yovladZlieri suli, romelic sulier cxovrebaSi gveweva, da
ara _ xorcielSi. xolo ùkueTu visme suli qristesi ara aqus, igi ara ars misi~ (mux. 9). xolo raki
RvTis suliT davdivarT, ese igi, RvTis Svilebi varT
(mux. 14-16), `xolo ukueTu Svil, mkKdrca,* mkKdr
RvTisa Tana da Tana-mkKdr qristesa. ukueTu mis
Tana vivnoT, mis Tanaca vididneT~ (mux. 17). sulieri
cxovrebis survilsa da codvasTan brZolas Tan axlavs
tanjva, magram qristians amisi ar unda eSinodes, rameTu es tanjva araferia im didebasTan SedarebiT, rac
Cven momaval saukuneSi gvelodeba: `rameTu me esre
mgonies, viTarmed ver Rirs arian vnebani igi amis
Jamisani mermisa mis Tana didebisa, romel gamoCinebad ars Cuenda momarT~ (mux. 18). am momaval didebas
CvenTan erTad yvela qmnileba elodeba, rameTu isinic
gaTavisufldebian sikvdilis kanonisa da xrwnilebisagan, rac adamianis codviT dacemam gamoiwvia. codvasTan brZolaSi Cven suliwmida gvexmareba: `...sulica igi Tana-Seewevis uZlurebaTa CuenTa, rameTu
raYmca igi viloceT, viTar-igi jer-ars, ara viciT;
aramed TKT igi suli meox ars CuenTKs sul-TqumiTa miT usityueliTa~ (mux. 26). cxonebis sasoebaSi
gvamtkicebs winasaukuneTa winaswarganCineba RmerTisa
* memkvidreni
------ 35 ------

Cveni gamoxsnis Sesaxeb: `...romelni-igi winawar icnna, winawarca ganaCinna Tana-msgavsad xatisa mis
Zisa TKsisa, raYTa iyos igi pirmSo mravalTa Soris
ZmaTa; xolo romelni-igi winawar ganaCinna, maTca
uwoda; da romelTa-igi uwoda, iginica ganamarTlna; da romelni-igi ganamarTlna, iginica adidna~
(mux. 29, 30). wminda pavle mociqulis epistoles am
adgilis sworad aRqmisaTvis, saRvTo winaswarganCinebis
Sesaxeb, mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT, rom mociquli
saubrobs ara upirobo winaswarganCinebaze, rogorc
amas kalvinistebi aswavlian, aramed RmerTis yovlismcodneobaze dafuZnebuli winaswarganCinebis Sesaxeb. es
ar niSnavs, rom RmerTma, adamianTa nebis gareSe, zogs
cxoneba ganuwesa, sxvebs _ warwymeda, aramed imas, rom
man, yovlismcodneobiT icis, adamianTagan vin gamoiyenebs Tavis Tavisufal nebas sasikeTod da vin _ borotebisTvis. swored amis mixedviT ganaCinebs winaswar
TiToeulis xvedrs. Segonebis dasasruls _ viyoT mtkiceni cxonebis sasoebaSi _ wminda mociquli RaRadebs:
`vin ganmaSornes Cuen siyuarulsa mas qristessa...?~
(mux. 35) da aRfrTovanebuli aRiarebs Tavis siyvarulsa
da erTgulebas qriste macxovris mimarT; amisken mouwodebs yvela morwmunesac (mux. 35-39).
sam Semdgom TavSi _ mecxre, meaTe da meTerTmeteSi
_ wminda mociquli gamoxatavs Tavis `did mwuxarebas~
da `mouklebel salmobas gulisas~ qriste macxovris mimarT iudevelTa jiuti urwmunoebisa da qristes eklesiisgan RmerTis mier maTi ganyenebis gamo da amtkicebs,
rom TviT israelia amaSi damnaSave, radgan gamarTlebas
eZebs ara qriste macxovris sarwmunoebaSi, aramed mo------ 36 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ses rjulis garegan wes-CveulebaTa SesrulebaSi. amasTan, wminda mociquli gamoTqvams rwmenas, rom vinaidan
gandgoma ar exeba yvela iudevels, rameTu maT Soris
morwmunenic arian (`neSti~ darCa _ 11, 5), amitom es
ganyeneba maradiuli ar iqneba iudauri erisTvis: Tavis
droze iudevelebic irwmuneben qristes da Sevlen mis
eklesiaSi. iudevelebis droebiT uaryofaSi, rac maT
savsebiT daimsaxures, wminda mociquli xedavs saRvTo
sibrZnis gansakuTrebul gamovlinebas mTeli kacobriobis gadarCenasTan dakavSirebiT. iudevelebis fanatizmma, rac qristes, rogorc mesiis jiutad miuReblobaSi
gamoixata, pavle mociquli aiZula warmarTebisTvis miemarTa qristes Sesaxeb qadagebiT da, amgvarad, iudevelTa gulis gasastikebam mociqulis qadagebasTan mimarTebiT, warmarTebis qristesken moqceva gamoiwva (mux.
25). qristes sarwmunoebis warmateba warmarTebs Soris
da is sulieri sikeTeni, rasac isini iReben, iudevelebSi
sabolood moSurneobas aRZravs da Sedegad `yoveli
israHli cxondes~ (11, 26). amitom, wminda mociquli
morwmune warmarTebs Seagonebs, rom qedi ar aimaRlon
iudevelTa winaSe codvis monobidan TavianTi gamoxsniT.
adarebs ra iudaur ers baRis keTilSobil zeTisxilis
xes, romelsac ùrwmunoebiTa maTiTa~ mxolod rtoni
gardatyda, magram Ziri misi mTeli da `wmida ars~,
imavdroulad, pavle mociquli warmarTebs adarebs
`veluri zeTis xils~, damynobils zeTisxilis xeze
nacvlad gardamtydari rtoebisa: `xolo Sen veluri
zeTis xili iyav da daemyen maT zeda da Tana-ziar
Zirisa da sipoxisa zeTis xilisa iqmen, nu eqadi
rtoTa maT. xolo ukueTu eqadi, ara Tu Sen Ziri
------ 37 ------
igi gitKrTavs, aramed Zirsa mas _ Sen~ (11, 17, 18).

amasTan, isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom `...SemZlebel
ars RmerTi kualad damynad maTda~ (mux. 23), rameTu
`...Sen bunebiTisa misgan moekueTe velurisa zeTis
xilisa da gareSe bunebisa daemyen keTilsa zeTis
xilsa, ravden ufroYs igini bunebiTsa mas daemynen
TKssave mas zeTis xilsa!~ (11, 24).
saRvTo gangebulebis sidiade, romelsac brZnulad
mihyavs yvela eri gadasarCenad adamianTaTavis uxilavi
zemoqmedebiT erebis istoriul bedze, wminda mociqulSi aRfrTovanebul RaRadiss iwvevs: Ò siRrme simdidrisa da sibrZnisa da mecnierebisa RvTisaY! viTar
gamouZiebel arian gankiTxvani misni da gamoukulevel arian gzani misni! rameTu vin cna gonebaY
uflisaY? ...misa didebaY ukuniTi ukunisamde. amin~
(11, 33-36). amiT mTavrdeba sarwmunoebrivi dogmaturi
nawili romaelTa mimarT epistolesi.
meTormete, mecamete, meToTxmete da meTxuTmete
Tavebi (me-13 muxlis CaTvliT), Seadgenen epistoles
zneobiT nawils. aq wminda mociquli aRwers qristianis
zneobrivi cxovrebis ideals. meTormete TavSi igi saubrobs qristianis, rogorc eklesiis wevris movaleobaze
RmerTsa (mux. 1, 2) da moyvasTan (mux. 3-5) damokidebulebiT; sxvadasxva zebunebrivi niWisa da Cveulebrivi
msaxurebis Sesaxeb; qristianis grZnobasa da ganwyobaze
(mux. 8-21). mecamete TavSi wminda mociquli ganixilavs qristianis, rogorc saxelmwifos moqalaqisa da
sazogadoebis wevris movaleobebs. aq gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania Segoneba mTavrobisadmi damorCilebis
Sesaxeb: `yoveli suli Pelmwifebasa mas umTavresi------ 38 ------
winaswari cnebebi
sasa daemorCilen...~ (mux. 1). am Segonebis sworad gagebisaTvis, gulisxma unda vyoT im azrisadmi, romelsac
Seicavs me-3 da me-4 muxlebi: `RvTisa mier ganwesebul arian~ is xelisuflebani, romlebic xels uwyoben
sikeTis qmnas da sjian borotebas. àmitom Cven SegviZlia vTqvaT, _ ambobs Rirsi isidore pelusieli, _
rom TviT saqme, vgulisxmob xelisuflebas, anu samefo
mTavrobasa da xelmwifebas, dadgenilia RmerTisgan, magram Tu romelime urjulo borotmoqmedi miitacebs
am xelmwifebas, maSin ar vamtkicebT, rom igi RmerTisgan aris dadgenili, magram vambobT, rom daSvebulia
amoanTxios man es mzakvroba, rogorc faraonis SemTxvevaSi, raTa daisajon an ganibrZnon isini, visTvisac
sisastikea saWiro, rogorc babilonis mefem ganabrZo
iudevelebi~ (naw, II, werili me-6). meToTxmete TavSi da
meTxuTmete Tavis pirvel 13 muxlSi wminda mociquli
iZleva Segonebas, rogor unda movepyraT sarwmunoebaSi jer kidev uZlurebs, radgan amasTan dakavSirebiT romis eklesiaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobda.
warmarTobisgan moqceuli romaeli qristianebis umravlesoba iqadda Tavisi qristianuli TavisuflebiT imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom ganurCevlad iRebda yovelgvar
saWmelsa da sasmels, rameTu qristianuli sarwmunoeba ar avaldebulebda raime gansakuTrebul akrZalvas
sakvebTan mimarTebiT, rogorc ar avaldebulebda dReebis gansxvavebas wlis ganmavlobaSi. miuxedavad amisa,
iudevelTagan moqceulni kvlav miiCnevdnen uwmindurad sakvebis zogierT saxeobas da eSinodaT misgan ar
Sebilwuliyvnen. aseve, yvelasTvis savaldebulod miaCndaT zogierTi ZvelaRTqmiseuli dResaswaulis aRniSvna.
------ 39 ------

wminda pavle mociquli mouwodebs Sewyviton kamaTi da
ganxeTqileba yovelive amis niadagze, rameTu sarwmunoebaSi marTebulia uZlurebis mimarT sulgrZelobis
gamoCena, xolo kerZo azrebi da Sexedulebebi unda
miendos TiToeulis sindiss. mTavaria, ar ganikiTxon
da gakicxon erTmaneTi da sacduris mizezi ar miscen
erTimeores. qristianisTvis yovelive wmindaa, magram Tu
Seni Zma brkoldeba, maSin sjobs ar Wamo xorci da ar
sva Rvino, raTa ar daabrkola Zma Seni (mux. 14, 1-21).
mecamete Tavis me-12_me-14 da meToTxmete Tavis 1-4
muxlebi, ikiTxeba saRvTo liturgiaze didmarxvis win
yvelieris kviraSi da aCvenebs, rogori ganwyobiT unda
Seudges qristiani didmarxvis Rvawls.
epistoles daskvniT nawilSi (15, 14_16) wminda mociquli gvicxadebs im mizezs, ris gamoc mimarTavs igi
romaelebs Tavisi epistoleTi, agreTve rekomendacias
uwevs maT winaSe kenqris eklesiis dedaTdiakvan fibes
da gadascems mTel rig kerZo misalmebas romSi mcxovreb qristianebs.
------ 40 ------
winaswari cnebebi
pirveli epistole korinToelTa

mimarT
korinTos eklesiis daarseba. korinTo mdebareobs
sruteze
,
romelic
saberZneTs
morasTan
,
anu
peloponesTan aerTebs. is aSenda aTas xuTasi wliT adre qristes

xorciel
Sobamde
. 44 wels
iulius
keisris
dros
ko
rinTo nangrevebidan aRadgines da is yvelaze mSvenieri
qalaqi gaxda mTel aqaiaSi _ romis erT-erT provinciaSi.
silamazis garda, qalaqi imiTac iyo mniSvnelovani, rom
masSi
prokonsulebis
rezidencia
mdebareobda
.
is
saxelganTqmuli iyo, agreTve, mecnierebiT, xelovnebiTa da

mxiaruli cxovrebiT, rac masSi mosaxleobis simravles
iwvevda. qalaqSi imarTeboda egreT wodebuli ìstmiis
TamaSobani
~;* mis
gansakuTrebul
RirsSesaniSnaobas
afroditas taZari warmoadgenda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

samociqulo qadagebis periodSi korinTo iyo berZnuli
msubuqazrovnebis, qarafSutobisa da xorcieli vnebebis
dasakmayofilebeli adgili.
korinToSi
eklesia
daaxloebiT
53 wels
daaarsa
saxarebis saqadageblad meored gamgzavrebulma wminda pavle

mociqulma
,
mas
Semdeg
,
rac
man
qadagebiT
gaiara
filipe, Tesalonike, beria da aTeni. datova ra makedoniaSi

sarwmunoebis gansamtkiceblad Tavisi mowafeni Sila da
timoTe, wminda pavlem gezi saberZneTisken aiRo, rogorc
amis Sesaxeb wigni `saqme mociqulTa~ mogviTxrobs (18, 1).
korinToSi
wminda
mociquli
Sexvda
keTil
da
stumarT* garkveuli saxis sportuli Sejibrebebi

------ 41 ------

moyvare pontoel iudevelebs _ akvilasa da priskilas,
romlebic
adre
romSi
cxovrobdnen
, magram
rodesac
im
peratorma klavdiosma iqidan yvela iudeveli gaaZeva,
isini
korinToSi
gadasaxldnen
. akvilas
saqmianoba
karveb
is damzadeba iyo, xolo vinaidan wminda pavlem es xeloba
kargad icoda, amitom is maTTan dabinavda, raTa erTad
eSromaT da sarCo sakuTari SromiT moepovebina. Tuki
akvila
da
priskila
manamde
monaTlulni
ar
yofilan
,
maSin unda vivaraudoT, rom isini pavle mociqulma moaqcia,
manve monaTla da amis Semdeg, oriveni misi TanamuSakni
gaxdnen saxarebis qadagebisa da gavrcelebis saqmeSi.
yovel SabaTs wminda mociquli qadagebda iudevelTa
sinagogaSi, arwmunebda iudevelebsa da elin prozelitebs,
rom ar arsebobs cxonebis sxva gza, Tu ara ufal ieso
qristes mieri. rodesac makedoniidan Sila da timoTe
movidnen
, wminda
pavles
SesaZlebloba
mieca
, gaeZliere
bina da gaefarToebina Tavisi qadagebiTi moRvaweoba:
axla ukve SabaTis garda, kviris sxva dReebSic qadagebda.
TumcaRa am qadagebas iudevelebSi didi warmateba ar
mohyolia
. isini
ewinaaRmdegebodnen
mociquls
,
borotsityvaobdnen rogorc misi, iseve, mis mier qadagebuli
uflis gzis mimarT. maSin wminda pavlem datova sinagoga
iudevelebisaTvis gasagebi moqmedebiTa da sityviT: ganiyara (daibertya) mtveri Tavisi samoselidan da uTxra
maT: `sisxli Tqueni TavTa zeda TquenTa! ubralomca
var me! amieriTgan warmarTTa mimarT mivide~ (saqm. 18,
6). am sityvebis azri Semdegia: `Tqvens warwymedaSi brali
Tavad migiZRviT: me wminda var am saqmeSi. me Tqven xsnis
gzas giCvenebdiT, Tqven ki misi miReba ar gsurT. maS,
darCiT Tqven mierve arCeul warsawymedelSi~.
------ 42 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Semdgomi qristianuli Sekrebebis mowyoba, qristes
Sesaxeb qadagebiT, wminda pavlem daiwyo sinagogasTan
iqve
axlos
vinme
titosis
,
iostoisis
Zis
saxlSi
,
romelic
WeSmariti
RvTismsaxuri
iyo
. iqve
ikribebodnen
war
marTebic da saxarebis qadagebis saqme ukeT warimarTa:
mravalma irwmuna da moinaTla. moqceulTa Soris iyo
TviT sinagogis mTavaric krisposi, yovliTurT
saxleuliT misiT (saqm. 18, 8). da mainc, rogorc Cans,

qadagebam did warmatebas ver miaRwia da wminda pavlem
saerTod
gadawyvita
garyvnili
korinTos
datoveba
, sa
dac misi sicocxlis xelyofac ki ganizraxes (2 Tes. 3,
2). amitom Tavad ufali gamoecxada mas Ramis xilvaSi,
raTa gaemxnevebina da Zala Seemata misTvis korinToSi
Semdgomi msaxurebisaTvis (saqm. 18, 9, 10). am
gamocxadebiT ganmtkicebuli wminda mociquli korinToSi

kidev weliwad-naxevari darCa da am xnis ganmavlobaSi
misma qadagebam iq uxvi nayofi gamoiRo, ramac korinTos
eklesias
uxvi
sulieri
niWis
mqone
eklesiis
saxeli
Ses
Zina (1 kor. 1, 5-7).
korinTos eklesiis mowyobis Semdeg, wminda pavle
mociquli ukve sxva adgilebs unda swveoda saxarebis
saqadageblad. korinTodan misi gamgzavreba daaCqara
erTma
samwuxaro
SemTxvevam
:
misi
qadagebiT
gaRizianeb
ulma iudevelebma Seipyres igi da prokonsul galionis
samsjavroze miiyvanes im saCivriT, rom is `TKnier
sju
lisa urC iqms ese kacTa msaxurebad RvTisa~ (saqm. 18,
13). am braldebis arsi imaSi mdgomareobda, rom pavle
TiTqos
gaxda
raRac
axali
seqtis
damaarsebeli
,
romelic ar jdeboda romis imperiis kanonebiT nebadarTuli
rjulaRmsareblobis CarCoebSi. friad ganaTlebuli da
------ 43 ------

keTilSobili galioni, cnobili romaeli filosofosis
senekas Zma da poet lukanas biZa iyo. man uari Tqva,
gamoekvlia saqme, romelic sarwmunoebas exeboda da
ara samoqalaqo sakiTxs da iudevelebi sasamarTlodan
gaaZeva
.
elinebma
,
romlebsac
iudevelebi
sZagdaT
,
galionis aseTi gadawyvetilebis Semdeg iqve sasamarTlo
darbazSi
miitanes
maTze
ieriSi
, Seipyres
SfoTis
moT
ave sosTeni, sinagogis mTavari `da scemdes saydarsa
winaSe; da araras zrunvida amaTgansa galion~ (saqm.
18, 14-17). SesaZloa, amis Semdeg sosfeni qristesken
moqceuliyo da swored mas moixseniebdes mociquli korinToelTa mimarT Tavis epistoleSi (1 kor. 1, 1).
eWvgareSea, rom gansakuTrebuli saRvTo gangebiT
gamoCnda korinToSi pavles saqmis gasagrZeleblad vinme
iudeveli, saxelad _ apolo. igi daibada da aRizarda
aleqsandriaSi, saidanac jer efesoSi Cavida, Semdeg _
korinToSi. JamTaaRmwerelis sityvebiT, is iyo mWermetyveli da wminda werilSi gacnobierebuli adamiani
(saqm. 18, 24). korinTodan wminda pavle gemiT gaemgzavra efesoSi, iq man mcire xans dahyo, adgilze datova
akvila da priskila, Tavad ki jer ierusalimSi avida,
mere ki _ antioqiaSi, saidanac daiwyo Tavisi mesame
samociqulo mogzauroba. efesodan misi gamgzavrebis
Semdeg, iq Cavida apolo, romelic ukve qristiani iyo
da sulanTebuli, magram icoda mxolod ioanes naTlisReba. man gabedulad daiwyo sinagogaSi qadageba. èsma
misi akKlas da priskilas da moiyvanes igi da uWeSmaritesad-re uTxres mas gzaY igi uflisaY~ (saqm.
18, 26). rodesac mas aqaiaSi gamgzavreba dasWirda,
romlis dedaqalaqic im dros korinTo iyo, efeselma
------ 44 ------
winaswari cnebebi
morwmuneebma mas sarekomendacio werili misces iqaur
qristianebTan
. korinToSi
is
friad
Seewia
morwmunee
bs, sajarod epaeqreboda iudevelebs da ùCuenebda
wignTagan, viTarmed ars qriste iesu~ (saqm. 18, 27,
28). apolos
qadageba
korinToSi
qristianobis
gansamt
kiceblad imdenad didi mniSvnelobisa iyo, rom wminda
pavle mociquli mas uwodebs Tavis mier qristianuli
sarwmunoebis danergili Teslis momrwyvels: `me davasx,
apolom morwyo, xolo RmerTman aaRorZina~ (1 kor.
3, 6).
ramdenad
didxans
dahyo
apolom
korinToSi
,
cnobili
ar
aris
, magram
korinToelTa
mimarT
pirveli
epis
toles daweris dros, Cven mas kvlav efesoSi vxedavT
mociqulTan erTad (1 kor. 16, 12).
epistoles daweris mizezi. apolos korinToSi yofnis dros, mas Semdeg rac wminda pavlem Seasrula Tavis
mier dasaxuli gegma _ ierusalimSi paseqis dResaswauls
daswreboda, man daiwyo Tavisi mesame samociqulo mogzauroba antioqiidan `
mimovidoda SemdgomiTi-Semdgomad galatelTa sofelsa da frigKaYssa~~ (saqm. 18,
22, 23)
da
Cavida efesoSi qristes eklesiis dasaarseblad (saqm. 19, 1). aq
mis
yuramde
miaRwia
arasasiam
ovno
xmebma
mis
mier
datovebuli
korinTos
eklesiasTan dakavSirebiT, ris gamoc daapira dabrunebuliyo

korinToSi zRviT, pirdapir efesodan (2 kor. 1, 15,
16), magram
efesos
datoveba
sabolood
mainc
ver
gad
awyvita da Tavis nacvlad sayvareli mowafe, timoTe
wargzavna, romelsac daavala, jer makedonia gaevlo
da
Semdeg
moexsenebina
misTvis
yovelive
, rac
korin
Tos eklesiaSi xdeboda. imavdroulad, arasasiamovno
------ 45 ------

xmebi
korinTos
eklesiis
Sesaxeb,
kidev
ufro
matu
lobda: TiTqos, erT-erTi korinToeli qristiani iseTi
saxis siZvas kadrulobda, romelic warmarTebTanac ki
dauSveblad miiCneoda (1 kor. 5, 1). Semdgom efesoSi
movidnen
erT
-
erTi
qristiani
dedakacis
, qloves
sax
leulni, romlebmac mociquls daudastures arsebuli
xmebi
da
amasTanve
uambes
mas
bevri
sxva
ukeTuri
saqmeebis
Sesaxeb
, rac
korinToel
qristianebSi
xdeboda
. gan
sakuTrebiT
daamwuxra
mociquli
iq
warmoebulma
sx
vadasxva saxis religiurma davam da paeqrobam (1 kor.
1, 11, 12). iseTi Sexeduleba iqmneboda, rom korinToSi
warmoiSva
sxvadasxva
saxis religiuri
partiebi
Tu
se
qtebi
. wminda
pavlesTan
korinTos
eklesiidan
warmog
zavnilma stefanem, furtonatem da aqaikem ramdenadme
daamSvides mociqulis suli (1 kor. 16, 17), Tumca
mainc
dadasturda
eklesiis
mowyobasTan
dakavSirebuli mravali darRvevis arseboba. warmogzavnilebma

daadastures xmebi siZvisa da erTmaneTSi uTanxmoebis
Sesaxeb da sxva ambebic moitanes: qristianebs Soris
warmoebuli
sadavo
sakiTxebis
warmarTul
sasamarTloebSi ganxilva, uwesrigobebi siyvarulis serobebze,

dedakacebis Tavdauburavoba eklesiebSi, zogierTebis
mxridan mkvdreTiT aRdgomis urwmunoeba. mociquls,
aseve, sagangebo epistoleSi ekiTxebodnen qorwinebisa
da
qalwulobis
Sesaxeb
, kerpebisaTvis
Sewirulis
Wa
masTan dakavSirebiT, enebis niWTan mimarTebiT da ase
S
emdeg. amis
gamo
pavle
mociqulma
gadawyvita,
gaegzavna korinToSi epistole, raTa aRmoefxvra yovelgvari

mouwyobloba da gaeca pasuxebi maTTvis gaurkvevel
sakiTxebze. amasTan, aRuTqva, rom piradadac ewveoda (1
------ 46 ------
winaswari cnebebi
kor. 4, 19-21). epistoles daweris damatebiTi mizezi,
rogorc
es
1 kor
. 16, 1-
dan
Cans
, iyo
is
, rom
Seegrove
binaT iq fuladi Sesawiri palestineli qristianebis
dasaxmareblad.
epistoles daweris dro da dgili. rogorc es
naTlad Cans TviT epistoledan, is dawerilia efesoSi.
àra mnebavs aw mgzavr xilvaY Tqueni; xolo vesav
raodenisame Jamisa dayofasa Tquen Tana, ufalman
Tu gKbrZanos. xolo davadgre efesos Sina vidre
martKliadmde~ (1 kor. 16, 7, 8). wminda pavle wers,
rom man korinToSi wargzavna wminda timoTe (1 kor.
16, 7, 8), xolo `saqmeebSi~ Cven vxedavT, rom man igi
efesodan maSin wargzavna, rodesac Tavad iqidan wasvlas apirebda (saqm. 19, 21, 22). wlebis mixedviT es aris
_ 58 an 59.
epistoles Sinarsi da Semadgenloba. misi Sinaarsi,
rogorc amas daweris mizezi moiTxovda, sakmaod mravalgvarovania: is bevr sakiTxs exeba da iZleva amomwurav pasuxebs im kiTxvebze, romlebsac korinToelebi ayeneben. epistole 16 Tavisgan Sedgeba. iwyeba Cveulebrivi zedwarweriT da misalmebiT, mTavrdeba, aseve,
mokiTxvebis gadacemiT.
epistoles egzegetikuri mimoxilva. wminda pavle
mociqulis es epistole misi sxva epistoleebidan gamoirCeva masSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis gansakuTrebuli
mravalgvarovnebiT. igi Cven mier aqamde ganxiluli romaelTa mimarT epistolesgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom aq
------ 47 ------

wminda pavles saqmis daWera uwevs ara mxolod iudaur
cdomilebebTan, aramed berZnul kulturasTan, berZnul
mgrZnobiarobasTan, elinizmTan, romelic iseT filosofias eyrdnoba, romlisTvisac ucxo ar aris Rrma wvdoma cxovrebis sulier-zneobriv sferoSi.
epistole
iwyeba
Cveulebrivi
zedwarweriTa
da
mis
almebiT
.
TavisTan erTad, wminda pavle mdablad moixseniebs aseve `Zmas sosTenes~. netari Teodorite da
wminda dimitri rostoveli varaudoben, rom es sosTene
iyo korinTos sinagogis is mTavari, romelic scemes
iq pavle mociqulis winaaRmdeg mowyobili amboxis
dros (saqm. 18, 17). aseTive azrisaa episkoposi Teofane
dayudebulic, romelic ambobs, rom es cema dakavSirebuli iyo wminda pavles qadagebasTan.
epistoles mTeli Semdgomi Sinaarsi ori nawilisgan
Sedgeba: pirveli nawili, 1-6 Tavebi upiratesad Seicavs
mxilebas, xolo meore nawili _ 7-15 Tavebi umTavresad
Segonebis Semcvelia, dabolos, ukanaskneli me-16 Tavi
warmoadgens daskvnas, sadac wminda mociquli gamoTqvams
sakuTar mosazrebas mowyalebis SegrovebasTan dakavSirebiT palestineli qristianebisaTvis; yveba, agreTve,
Tavis mogzaurobaze gzad korinTosken da Cveulebisamebr gadascems mokiTxvebs.
1-4 TavebSi wminda mociquli amxels korinToelebs
urTierTSoris davisa da ganxeTqilebis gamo. Tavidan
igi aqebs maT sarwmunoebas, gamoTqvams rwmenas, rom
ufali ganamtkicebs maT am sarwmunoebaSi `
dagamtkicnes Tquen vidre aRsasruladmde ubraloni dResa
mas uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesa~ (1, 8), xolo me-10
muxlidan iwyebs Tavis mamxilebel sityvas. wminda pavle
------ 48 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mociqulis Semdeg korinToSi qadagebda misi mowafe
apolo; iq Cavidnen, aseve, pavle mociqulis mier moqceuli qristianebi, iyvnen iqve palestineli qristianebic,
romlebsac TviT ufal ieso qristes qadageba hqondaT
mosmenili. iyvnen ra midrekilni partiuli dajgufebebisaken da emxrobodnen, rogorc Cans, jerac warmarTul
Sexedulebas saxarebis mqadageblebze, rogorc filosofosebze, romlebic TiToeuli sakuTar skolas aarsebda, korinToelebma daiwyes partiebad dayofa saxarebis
moZRvrebis mqadagebelTa saxelebis mixedviT da Tavis
Tavs uwodebdnen: `me - apoloYsi, xolo me - kefaYsi,
xolo me - qristesi~. Tavidan am dayofis safuZvelSi
ido, ra Tqma unda, mxolod da mxolod ama Tu im mqadageblisadmi siyvaruliT mijaWvulobis keTili grZnoba, magram SemdgomSi aseT dayofas SeiZleba saxifaTo
Sedegi gamoewvia TviT sarwmunoebis siwmindisaTvis; rac
Seexeba zneobriv sakiTxs, aseT dayofas ukve gamoewvia
mravali arakeTili gamovlineba korinToel qristianTa
sazogadoebaSi, rasac, swored, amxels wminda mociquli
Tavis epistoleSi.
radgan es dayofa aRmoCnda amosavali wrtili zneobrivi cxovrebis dacemis da yovelive mouwyoblobisa,
amitom wminda mociquli gansakuTrebuli ZalisxmeviTa
da energiiT amxels mas pirvel oTx TavSi. imis gamo,
rom calkeuli partiebis xelmZRvanelebi, warmarT
filosofosTa msgavsad, brboze zemoqmedebdnen mWevrmetyvelebiTa da filosofiuri msjelobebiT, wminda pavle
pirvel TavSi ganasxvavebs saxarebis qadagebis Tvisebas
saero sibrZnesTan _ filosofiasTan mimarTebiT. warmarTebs, romlebsac TavianTi swavlulobiT Tavi mohqon------ 49 ------

daT, jvris Sesaxeb qadageba Zalze ubralo eCvenebodaT
da ugunurobadac ki miaCndaT, maSin, rodesac, rwmenaSi moqceulTaTvis sityva jvris Sesaxeb _ es aris cxonebis mboZebeli RvTaebrivi Zala. im dros, rodesac
saero sibrZne (filosofia) moswyda RmerTs _ sibrZnis
wyaros da cdilobda damoukideblad gadaewyvita yvela
cxovrebiseli amocanebi, magram uZluri aRmoCnda adamianuri cxovrebis mowyobaSi, am dros saxarebiseuli
qadageba, romelic urwmunoTaTvis ugunureba iyo, adamianebs WeSmaritad aZlevs yovelive aucilebels, rogorc
maTi miwieri cxovrebis keTilmosawyobad, iseve, _ rac
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, _ maTi maradiuli cxonebisaTvis. `vinaYTgan hurianica saswaulsa iTxoven, da
warmarTni sibrZnesa eZieben. xolo Cuen vqadagebT
qristesa juar-cumulsa: huriaTa same sacTur, da
warmarTTa sisulele. xolo maTve CinebulTa huriaTa da warmarTTa qriste RvTisa Zal ars da RvTisa
sibrZne~ (1, 22-24). aq mniSvnelovania aRvniSnoT, rom
`sibrZned~ (`sofiod~), wmida werilis sxva adgilebTan
SesabamisobaSi, iwodeba sxva aravin, Tu ara yovladwmida
samebis meore piri. Semdeg, mociquli ambobs: `rameTu
suleli igi RvTisaY ubrZnes kacTa ars, da uZluri
igi RvTisaY uZlieres kacTa ars.~ (1, 25), rac iqidan
Cans, rom `sulelni igi soflisani gamoirCina RmerTman, raYTa arcxKnos brZenTa da uZlurni igi soflisani gamoirCina RmerTman, raYTa arcxKnos ZlierTa~
(1, 27). es aSkarad gamoCnda imiT, rom Ratakni, mdabioni
da uswavleli meTevzurni, rogorebic iyvnen wminda mociqulebi da pirvelqristianTa umravlesoba, romlebic
aseve, umTavresad, sazogadoebis dabal da uswavlel fe------ 50 ------
winaswari cnebebi
nas warmoadgendnen, sarwmunoebis simtkiciT da TavianTi
qadagebiT arcxvendnen swavlulebsa da filosofosebs,
mTeli warmarTuli sibrZnis Semarcxvenelebad mogvevlinnen da mTeli msoflio qristes jvris ferxTiT miiyvanes. `yovelTa RmerTma, _ ambobs netari Teodorite, _
uswavlelebiT daamarcxa swavlulebi, RatakebiT _ mdidrebi, da meTevzeebiT mTeli msoflio moinadira~. risTvis iyo es saWiro? ìmisaTvis, rom arc erT xorciels ar
eqada RvTis winaSe~ (Sdr. 1, 29), _ raTa daemdablebina
yovelgvari ampartavneba da qedmaRloba; eCvenebina, rom
Cven ar SegviZlia gadavrCeT TavisTavad, rom qristianoba _ es aris cxoneba simdablis gziT.
amave azris dasamtkiceblad, _ saxarebiseuli qadagebis ubraloebis Sesaxeb, romlisTvisac ucxoa mWevrmetyvelebis xibli da warmarTi filosofosebis garegnuli sibrZne da Zlieria mxolod da mxolod TviT
qadagebis sagniT, WeSmaritebiT, _ wminda mociquli meore TavSi ixsenebs, Tu rogor gaiara man korinTo Tavmdablad da ubralo sityviT jvarcmulis Sesaxeb, raTa
korinToelTa sarwmunoebaSi mosvla arafriT yofiliyo damokidebuli adamianur sibrZneze, aramed mxolod
RmerTze: `
sityuaY Cemi da qadagebaY Cemi ara rwmunebiTa kacobrivisa sibrZnisa sityuaTaYTa, aramed
gamocxadebiTa sulisaYTa da ZaliTa~ (2, 4), `raYTa
sarwmunoebaY ege Tqueni ara iyos sibrZniTa kacTaYTa, aramed ZaliTa RvTisaYTa~ (2, 5). sarwmunoebaSi
SedarebiT ufro srulyofilTaTavis SemdgomSi cxaddeba WeSmariti sibrZnis Semecneba _ saRvTo sibrZnis,
romelic yovelgvar adamianur mecnierebas aRemateba da
miuwvdomelia ama qveynis brZenTaTvis. àramed vityT
------ 51 ------
sibrZnesa RvTisasa, saidumlod dafarulsa mas, romeli-igi pirveladve ganaCina RmerTman uwinares saukuneTa sadidebelad Cuenda~ _ es aris Cveni gamoxsnis
mowyobis saxe ufal ieso qristes mier, mTeli Tavisi
dasawyisiT da gonebiT moucveli SedegebiT, qmnilebaTa
yofierebis yvela sferoSi (2, 6-8). `romeli Tualman
ara ixila, da yursa ara esma, da gulsa kacisasa
ara mouPda, romeli ganumzada RmerTman moyuareTa
TKsTa~ (2, 9). `xolo Cuen RmerTman gamogKcxada sulisa mier TKsisa; rameTu suli yovelsave gamoeZiebs
da siRrmesaca RvTisasa.~ (2, 10). qadageben ra adamianTa gamoxsnis sibrZnis Semcvel saidumloze, mociqulebs
aqvT `goneba qristesi~, amitom maTi swavlebis miReba
mTeli siRrmiT SeuZliaT mxolod sulier adamianebs,
anu sulier-zneobriv cxovrebaSi ganmtkicebulT, romlebic sulierad iSvnen da ukve WeSmaritebas iReben
ara mxolod gonebiT, aramed, aseve, guliT da nebiT,
anu mTeli TavianTi Zalebisa da SesaZleblobebis gamovlinebiT. `mSvinvieri~ adamiani ki, anu, romelsac jer
kidev ar ganuwmendia suli codviTi midrekilebebisgan
da cxovrobs ara sulierad, aramed sulis qvena TvisebebiT, àra Seiwynarebs sulisa RvTisaYsa, rameTu
sicofe uCnn mas, da ver SemZlebel ars cnobad, rameTu sulierad ganikiTxvin~ (2, 14).
mesame Tavis Sinaarsi safuZvels iZleva vivaraudoT,
rom korinToSi pavles aryofnisas misi mowinaaRmdegeni
cdilobdnen mis winaaRmdeg qristianTa amxedrebas da
misi moZRvrobis dakninebas. isini, rogorc Cans, miuTiTebdnen, rom saxarebis sxva mqadageblebi, magaliTad,
petre mociquli da apolo ufro siRrmiseulad da mWe------ 52 ------
winaswari cnebebi
vrmetyvelurad xsnian qristes swavlebis WeSmaritebas.
pasuxobda ra amgvar gamoxdomebs, wminda pavle wers:
`me, Zmano, ver uZle sityuad Tquenda, viTarca sulierTa, aramed viTarca PorcielTa, viTarca CClTa
qristes mier. sZe gasu Tquen da ara saWmeli, rameTu arRa geZlo, aramed arcaRa aw giZlavs, rameTu wuTRa Porcielve xarT~, rasac aSkarad amtkicebs
Tqven Soris arsebuli dava, kamaTi da partiebad dayofa
sxvadasxva moZRvar-mqadagebelTa gamo. Semdeg, wminda
pavle uxsnis, Tu rogor unda aRiqvan mociqulebi: isini
mxolod msaxurni arian RvTisa. `msaxurni, romelTagan
Tquen grwmena~. safuZveli ki qristes mier cxonebaa,
rameTu `safuZveli sxuaY vervis Pel-ewifebis dadebad gareSe missa, romeli-igi dadebul ars, romel
ars iesu qriste~ (mux. 1-5, 11). `me davasx, _ ambobs
wminda pavle mociquli, _ apolo morwyo, xolo RmerTman aRaorZina. aw ukue arca damsxmeli raY ars, arca
momrwyveli, aramed aRmaorZinebeli RmerTi. xolo
damsxmeli igi da momrwyveli erT arian; da kacadkacadman TKsi sasyideli miiRos TKsisaebr Sromisa.
rameTu RvTisa TanaSemweni varT; RvTisa namuSakevni,
RvTisa aRSenebulni xarT~ (mux. 6-9). yoveli aseTi
aRmaSenebel-mqadageblis Sromis fasi saSinel samsjavroze gairkveva. safuZveli erTia _ ieso qriste, magram am
safuZvelze SeiZleba aaSeno sxvadasxva fasisa da simyaris masaliT: oqrosgan, vercxlisgan, Zvirfasi qvebisgan
(ànTrakTa patiosanTa~ _ RvTis sityvis wminda, jansaRi swavleba) an xisgan, Tivisgan, lerwmisgan (swavleba,
romelic ganzavebulia adamianuri sibrZnis gamonagoniT
an carieli mWevrmetyvelebiT).
------ 53 ------

saSinel samsjavroze `kacad-kacadisa igi saqme,
viTar-raY iyos, cecxlman gamocados~ (mux. 12-14).
`romlisa-igi saqme daiwues, izRvios; xolo igi ganeres da egreT ganeres, viTarca cecxlisagan~ (mux.
15). netari avgustines mosazrebiT, wminda pavle mociqulis es gamonaTqvami exeba swored iseT pirebs,
romlebsac wminda petre mociquli ùswavlelebsa da
daumtkiceblebs~ uwodebs (2 pet. 3, 16). mociqulis
sityvebis azris es dafaruloba romael-kaTolike RvTismetyvelebs sababs aZlevs, dainaxon maTSi TavianTi
crudogmatis dadastureba, TiTqos, imqveynad arsebobdes gansawmendeli cecxli, romliTac codvilebi sikvdilis Semdeg ganiwmindebian. am sityvebis sworad gagebas xels uwyobs swored im xanZris cecxlTan Sedareba,
romelmac saxli moicva da romelic mohyavs wminda
mociquls Tavis sityvaSi: ìrgvliv cecxlia, masSi unda
gaaRwio. ra xdeba am dros? zogi am cecxls gairbens TiTqmis almoudebeli, sxvebi sxvadasxva xarisxis
damwvrobas miiReben, zogierTi ki cecxlSive darCeba.
amis msgavsi daemarTebaT imaT, visi saxlebic (saqmeebi)
samsjavros cecxlSi daiwveba. erTni cecxlSi daiwvebian, meoreni sxvadasxva xarisxis sasjels miiReben, xolo
zogierTebi Seiwyalebian kidec; da, miuxedavad imisa,
rom yvela isini damnaSaveni arian imaSi, rom aramyari
masaliT agebdnen, maTi danaSauli SeiZleba, sxvadasxva
xarisxis aRmoCndes. zogi SeiZleba, bralis gareSea damnaSave: iRvwoda aramyar mSeneblobaze, radgan ar icoda
Senebis ukeTesi xerxi, anda garemoebidan gamomdinare,
ver moaswro ukeTesisTvis moekida xeli, an sxva rame
mizeziT imsaxurebs mitevebas~ (wminda Teofane dayu------ 54 ------
winaswari cnebebi
debuli). SeiZleba, Tavad samwyso iyos damnaSave, rom

dampali masala gamodga, _ maSin mwyemsi gadaurCeba
sasjels, mousyidvel saRvTo samsjavroze misi cxovrebis mkacri gamokvlevis Semdeg (ese igi, gadarCeba ise,
TiTqos cecxlidan gamoeRwios).
moZRvar-mqadageblebs unda axsovdeT, rom TiToeuli qristiani RvTis taZaria, rameTu masSi saidumlos
gziT miRebuli suliwmida mkvidrobs: àra uwyiTa,
rameTu taZarni RvTisani xarT, da suli RvTisaY
damkKdrebul ars Tquen Soris?~ (mux. 16). amitom
didi sifrTxiliTa da windaxedulobiT unda aSenon
qristes eklesiis Senoba. adamianur amaodbrZnobas
SeuZlia, moaoxros es taZari, radgan `rameTu sibrZne
amis soflisaY sicofe ars winaSe RvTisa~ (mux. 19).
`xolo Tquen qristesni~ xarT (mux. 23), anu, rogorc ki iwameT qriste da misi eklesiis wevrni gaxdiT,
mas Semdeg erTaderT qristes ekuTvniT, amitom, nuTu,
SegeferebaT Tqven dayofa pavles, apolos, kefas an sxva
maswavlebelTa gamo?
meoTxe TavSi wminda mociquli miuTiTebs, rom mociqulebis RirsebaTa erTmaneTTan SedarebiTa da SefasebiT korinToelebma msajulebis roli ikisres da amiT
gamoavlines mTavari qristianuli saTnoebis _ simdablis
ukmarisoba. amayobdnen ra TavianTi sulieri cnobierebiT, korinToelebma daiviwyes, rom Tuki maT marTlac aqvT raime faseuli, es maT mociqulebisgan miiRes,
romelTa Sesaxebac msjeloba SeiZleba mxolod maTi
erTgulebis xarisxis mixedviT maTTvis rwmunebuli qadagebis saqmisadmi, da ara bunebriv niWze damokidebuli
raime garegnuli xarisxiT (rogorc msjelobdnen war------ 55 ------

marTi ritorebisa da filosofosebis Sesaxeb). korinToelebis Segonebisa da maTSi yvela mociqulis mimarT
(rogorc maTi sikeTisTvis moRvaweTa mimarT) erTnairi pativiscemisa da madlierebis aRsaZvrelad, wminda
mociquli maT mdgomareobas sakuTar mdgomareobasTan
adarebs. jer sarwmunoebis nayofic ar dagigemovnebiaTo, _ TiTqos ase eubneba, _ Tqven ki ukve àwve ganmaZRar xarT da awve ganhmdidrdiT da TKnier Cuensa
sufevdiT!~ (mux. 8). `Cven jer kidev gaWirvebaSi varT,
qadagebis gamo satanjvelebs ganvicdiT, Tqven ki ukve
sasufevliTac datkbiT~ (wminda Teodorite). `Tavi ise
giWiravT, TiTqos, ukve didebis sasufeveli damkvidrebuliyos, gvirgvinebi darigebuliyos, netari mxiaruleba damdgariyos, magram es rogor, Cven gareSe? Cven
vSromobT, yovelgvar naklulevanebas viTmenT, Tqven
ki TiTqos ukve sasufevelSi SesuliyoT~ (episkoposi
Teofane dayudebuli). mociquli warmoaCens yvela im
mwuxarebisa da siduxWiris suraTs, rasac saxarebiseuli swavlebis mqadageblebi ganicdian: `RmerTman Cuen
mociqulni ukanaYsknelad gamoguaCinna viTarca sasikudineni, rameTu saxilvel viqmneniT soflisa da
angelozTa da kacTa. Cuen sulel qristesTKs, xolo
Tquen brZen qristes mier; Cuen uZlur, xolo Tquen
Zlier; Tquen didebul, xolo Cuen ginebul~ (mux. 9,
10). es urTierTwinaaRmdegoba unda gavigoT mamxilebeli ironiis azriT. Tumca episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli amas sxvagvarad ganmartavs: `mociqulebis Sroma
da naklulevaneba maT didebasa da pativs emsaxureba
da sarwmunoebaSi ganamtkicebs imaT, vinc maTi qadagebis meSveobiT iwama~. Tavis mxilebas wminda mociquli
------ 56 ------
winaswari cnebebi
amTavrebs rwmeniT, rom igi amas akeTebs àra sakdemelad~ maTda,* aramed Sesagoneblad, `viTarca SvilTa
sayuarelTa~ misTa: àra sakdemelad Tquenda mivswer amas, aramed viTarca SvilTa CemTa sayuarelTa
gaswaveb. rameTu daRaTu bevr mzardul gesxnen qristes mier, aramed ara mraval mama, rameTu qriste
iesuYs mier saxarebisa misgan me gSven Tquen. glocav
Tquen: mobaZav Cemda iyveniT~ (mux. 14-16).
friad mniSvnelovani adgilia! wminda mociquli ambobs, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom korinToelebs `bevr
mzardul~ hyavT,** magram àra mraval mama~ da rom man
Sva isini `qriste iesuYs mier saxarebisa misgan~, ese
igi, maT sulier mamas warmoadgens. TviT wminda pavle
mociquli uwodebs Tavis Tavs qristianobaSi mis mier
moqceulTa mamas, seqtantebi ki, am dros, usafuZvlod
eyrdnobian ra ufal ieso qristes sityvebs maTes saxarebidan (23, 9), romlebic mxolod mociqulebs miemarTebaT, marTlmadidebel mwyemsebs ukrZalaven TavianT
Tavs morwmuneTa mamebi uwodon. korinToelTa Sesagoneblad wminda mociquli ugzavnis maT Tavis mowafes
_ timoTes da aRuTqvams, rom male TviTonac miva iq.
wminda pavle mociqulis mowinaaRmdegeni avrcelebdnen
xmebs, TiTqos, igi Tavis mowinaaRmdegebTan Sexvedris
SiSiT (imis gamo, rom TiTqos isini masze ufro Zlierni
iyvnen sityvaSi), ukve oTxi welia, korinToSi ver Cadis.
mociquli aRuTqvams, rom korinToSi Casvlisas gamocdis
àra sityua igi ganlaRebulTa maT, aramed Zali,
* ara Sesarcxvenelad
** bevri damrigebeli hyavT
------ 57 ------
rameTu ara sityTa ars sasufeveli RvTisa, aramed

ZaliTa~ (mux. 17-20), anu cxovrebiTa da saqmiT.
mexuTe da meeqvse Tavebi Seicavs zneobriv naklovanebaTa mxilebebs.
mTeli mexuTe Tavi mimarTulia sisxlaRmrevi meZavisadmi, romelmac colad moiyvana Tavisi mamis coli,
_ unda vivaraudoT, rom Tavisi dedinacvali. wminda
pavle sayvedurobs korinToelebs, `ganlaRebulT xarT
da ara ufroYsad igloveT~, rac niSnavs, rom ar unda
SehqmnodaT korinToelebs sakuTar Tavze didi warmodgena, roca maT Soris msgavsi sisaZagleebi xdeboda.
Semdgomi cdunebis Tavidan asacileblad, wminda mociquli mouwodebs, rom mis Casvlamde miscen damnaSave
èSmaksa satanjvelad PorciTa, raYTa suli cxondes
dResa mas uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesa~ (mux. 1-5).
es ara mxolod eklesiidan gankveTaa, romlis gareTac
`satanis sferoa~, aramed namdvili sasjelia, rogorc
wminda ioane oqropiri ambobs: imis msgavsi, rac iobs
SeemTxva, `Tumca, ara erTnairi Zalis: iq sasjeli mieca didebuli gvirgvinebisaTvis, aq ki _ codvebisagan
dasaxsnelad, raTa satanas daesaja igi boroti wylulebiT an sxva rame seniT~. `sxeulis codva sxeulSive
isjeba~, _ gvinmartavs episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli:
`dauZlurebuli sxeuli codvis borkilebs Seasustebs
da suls sinanulis sivrces dauTmobs~. àra uwyiTa,
rameTu mcireman comman yovelive Sesuaruli aRafuvnis?~ _ aseTi mkacri sasjeli aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom am cudma magaliTma sxvebic ar Seryvnas (mux.
6). qristianebi saerTod unda iyvnen àxal Tbe~, sadac
ar SeiZleba adgili hqondes raime saxis biwier safuars,
------ 58 ------
winaswari cnebebi
anu raime codviT vnebas. `viTarca-ege xarT ucomo,
rameTu zatikad Cuenda, CuenTKs daikla qriste~,
_ rogorc sapaseqo tarigis piris winaSe israelianebs arc erT saxlSi ar hqondaT rame afuebuli, aseve
Cvenc, Cveni sapaseqo tarigis, qriste uflis piris winaSe araferi unda gvqondes codviani da vnebiani (mux. 7,
8). es ori muxli da maTTan mierTebuli me-13 da me-14
muxlebi _ galateelTa mimarT epistoles me-3 Tavidan,
Seadgens samociqulo sakiTxavs didi SabaTis ciskarze.
sisxlis aRmrev codvasTan dakavSirebiT, mociquli mcnebad gvaZlevs, rom saerTod ar viqonioT urTierToba
imaTTan, vinc Tavis Tavs qristians uwodebs da, amasTan,
ar utevebs biwier cxovrebas: èseviTarisa mis Tana
arcaRa Wamad~ (mux. 9-12). `da mospoT ukeTuri igi
Soris Tquensa~ _ mociquli Seaxsenebs, rom codvilis
aseTi gankveTa, sazogadoebis gasaTavisufleblad gadamdebi codvili senisgan, jer kidev Zvel aRTqmaSi iyo
mcnebad mocemuli (meore Sj. 17, 7).
meeqvse Tavis pirveli naxevari Seicavs mxilebas urjuloTa winaSe sxvadasxva davis warmarTul sasamarTloebSi gadatanisaTvis (mux. 1-8), meore naxevari _ vnebiani cxovrebis mxilebas zogadad, da muclis maameblobasa
da siZvas kerZod. wminda ioane oqropiri SeniSnavs, rom,
sakuTriv, winmswrebma sityvam Sida samsjavros Sesaxeb
sisxlis aRmrevTa mimarTebiT, ganawyo mociquli imis saTqmelad, rom qristianebma Sida sayofacxovrebo saqmeebic
Tavadve unda gaarCion erTmaneTSi, ar miiyvanon isini
warmarT msajulebamde, ris Semdegac mociquli kvlav
ubrundeba ganxilvis wina sagans _ meZavuri da, saerTod,
codviani cxovrebis mxilebas. àra uwyiTa, rameTu wmi------ 59 ------
daTa sofeli ganikiTxon?~ _ mociquli amaze saubrobs,

rogorc yvelasaTvis erTob cnobil ambavze, rom wmindanebi, anu qristianebi Caatareben samsjavros, amitom
Seuferebelia maTTvis warmarTul samsjavrosTvis mimarTva. `dedofali igi samxrisaY aRdges saSjelsa mas
naTesavisa amis Tana~ da `ninevelni aRdgen saSjelsa
mas naTesavisa amis Tana~ (mT. 12, 41, 42), `dasxdeT
Tquenca aTormetTa saydarTa ganSjad aTormetTa
tomTa israHlisaTa~ (mT. 19, 28) im azriT, rom vinc
irwmuna da qristiani gaxda, monawileobas miiReben imaT
gasamarTlebaSi, vinc ar irwmuna. àra uwyiTa, rameTu
angelozni ganvikiTxneT~. aq igulisxmeba dacemuli angelozebi, anu demonebi. aqac `ganvikiTxneT~ naTqvamia
igive azriT _ `ganvsjiT~.
amis Semdeg wminda mociquli aRniSnavs, rom TavisTavad dava Seuferebelia qristianTaTvis, rameTu isini
valdebulni arian erTmaneTSi Zmurad icxovron (mux.
7). gansakuTrebiT imsaxurebs gankiTxvas iseTi dava, romelic codvis mizeziT warmoiSveba moyvasis gasawyeneblad, misi kuTvnilebis wasarTmevad. aqedan, wminda pavle gadadis yovelgvari codvis gankiTxvaze, romlebsac
ar SeiZleba adgili hqondes qristianul _ rogorc
wmindanTa _ sazogadoebaSi (mux. 8-11). amis Semdeg igi
isev ubrundeba siZvis mxilebas. es muxlebi _ me-12_me-20
_ ikiTxeba uZRebi Svilis kviraSi. `yovelive jer-ars
Cemda, aramed ara yoveli umjobes ars; yovelive
jer-ars Cemda, aramed me aravissa Pelmwifebasa davemorCilo~. _ imis gamo, rom amis Semdgom saubaria
`sazrdelze~ (saWmelze), amitom aq upirveles yovlisa,
naTqvamia imis Sesaxeb, rom yvela saxis sazrdelis miReba
------ 60 ------
winaswari cnebebi
SeiZleba. qristianis am Tavisufal arCevans mociquli
or zRvars udebs: pirveli _ sargebeli, meore _ is, rom
arafriT Seikras Tavi da moCvenebiTi Tavisuflebis gamo
ar dakargos WeSmariti Tavisufleba, anu Tavisufleba
yovelgvari codvisa da vnebiTi midrekilebisagan. amitom qristianma Tavi unda daicvas grZnobebze damonebisagan muclismaameblobiTa da masTan dakavSirebuli
siZvis vnebis gziT. siZvis danaSauli imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom igi bilwavs sulsac da sxeulsac da warmoadgens
mkrexelobas, rameTu Cveni sxeuli, iseve, rogorc suli,
warmoadgens qristes sxeulis nawils da ekuTvnis RmerTs: meZavi ki arRvevs ufalTan Tavis erTobas da bilwavs sakuTar sxeuls, romelic warmoadgens CvenSi damkvidrebuli suliwmidis taZars (mux. 12, 13; 15, 16; 18,
19). àdideT ukue RmerTi PorciTa magiT TqueniTa
da suliTa magiT TqueniTa, romeli-igi ars RvTisaY~
_ amTavrebs mociquli Tavis mamxilebel sityvas.
meSvide Tavidan iwyeba epistoles meore nawili,
romelic Seicavs Segonebebs qristianuli zneobrivi cxovrebisaTvis. siZvis Sesaxeb ukanasknel mamxilebel sityvasTan dakavSirebiT, wminda pavle, upirveles yovlisa,
iZleva Segonebas, romelic exeba qorwinebas da uqorwinebel cxovrebas anu qalwulebas. yvela am Segonebis
ZiriTadi azri aris is, rom qalwuleba qorwinebaze
ufro aRmatebulia da amitom qristianebis mxridan upiratesad unda CaiTvalos, magram vinc grZnobs, rom
mkacri qalwulebrivi cxovrebis Zala ar Seswevs, mas
urCevnia, daqorwindes, vidre ganmxurvaldes anu daumonos sakuTari suli siZvis vnebas da mudmivad siZvis
codvaSi Cavardnis safrTxeSi imyofebodes. amgvarad,
------ 61 ------

qorwinebis pirveli zneobrivi mizania siZvisgan ganrineba (mux. 1, 2). qmari da coli mTlianad erTmaneTs
ekuTvnian da sakuTar Tavs erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad ar floben. qorwinebiTi cxovrebisgan TavSekaveba
maTTvis dasaSvebia mxolod urTierTSeTanxmebiT (mux.
3-6). surs ra yvelasTvis sikeTe, wminda mociquls uqorwinebelTa da qvrivTaTvis magaliTad mohyavs sakuTari
uqorwinebloba, rogorc umjobesi mdgomareoba (mux. 7,
8). xolo visac ar SeuZlia itvirTos uqorwineblobis
Rvawli, is unda daqorwindes, Tumca, amasTanave, mkacri
dacva evaleba col-qmruli erTgulebisa da ar unda
ganqorwindnen im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tuki meuRleTagan
erT-erTi marTlmorwmune ar aris, rameTu uflis neba
moiTxovs, rom TiToeuli im wodebaSi darCes, romel
wodebaSic moxmobil iqna qristianobisken (mux. 10-24).
`rameTu ganwmidnebis qmari igi urwmunoY colisa
misgan morwmunisa da ganwmidnebis coli igi urwmunoY qmrisa misgan morwmunisa. ukueTu ara, Svilnimca
Tquenni ara-wmida iyvnes, xolo aw wmida arian~ (mux.
14), _ am, arcTu savsebiT garkveuli gamonaTqvamis azri
is aris, rom qorwineba ar unda dairRves im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac mxolod erTma meuRlem irwmuna, xolo meore
isev warmarTobaSia darCenili. `sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT,
_ ganmartavs epikoposi Teofane dayudebuli, _ urwmuno qmarTan Seni qorwineba, morwmune dedakaco, ar
gadaqceula urjulo Tanacxovrebad imis gamo, rom Sen
sarwmunoebaSi moeqeci; piriqiT, Senma rwmenam ganwminda
es SeuRleba da qmari Seni _ qorwinebasTn damokidebulebiT~. zustad aseve, Svilebic aseTi qorwinebidan, ar
unda ganixilebodnen rogorc ùwmindurni~, anu ukanon------ 62 ------
winaswari cnebebi
odSobilni. wminda mociqulis mizania ojaxis daSlis
Tavidan acileba, rasac SeiZleba, didi xmauri gamoewvia
da saxarebis qadagebisTvis SeeSala xeli. meore mxriv,
radganac urwmuno coli da qmari ar toveben morwmune
qmarsa da cols, amitom imedi rCeba imisa, rom droTa
ganmavlobaSi isinic sarwmunoebaSi moeqcevian, rogorc
amas mociquli pirdapir ambobs (mux. 16).
25-e_me-40 muxlebSi wminda mociquli naTlad warmoaCens uqorwineblobis upiratesobas: uqorwinebeli
Tavisufalia, mas ar awuxebs `Wiri PorcTaY~, anu
qorwinebiT cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva
siZneleebi da mwuxarebebi, rac didi simravliT iCens
xolme Tavs ojaxSi (mux. 25-28). Cveni cxovrebis swrafwarmavlobam da qristes meored mosvlisa da RvTis
saSineli samsjavros molodinma, TiToeul qristianSi
unda aRZras iseTi Sinagani ganwyoba, romlis drosac `romelTa esxnen col, esreT iyvnen, viTarmca
ara esxnes~ (mux. 29-31); ùqorwinebeli igi zrunavs
uflisasa, viTar-Zi saTno-eyos ufalsa, xolo qorwinebuli zrunavs soflisasa, viTar-Zi saTno-eyos
colsa~ da ase Semdeg (mux. 32-35). ojaxuri cxovreba
bevr sazrunavs qmnis, rac xels uSlis adamians mTlianad mieces RvTis saTnomyofelobas, aridebs RmerTis
msaxurebisgan. amitom mociquli Tavis Segonebebze
daskvnis saxiT dasZens, rom umjobesia qalwulobaSi
darCena, Tumca, vinc qorwindeba, amiT arc is scodavs
(mux. 35-40).
merve TavSi wminda mociquli saubrobs msxverplad
Sewirulis WamasTan dakavSirebiT qristianuli Tavisuflebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb. qristianuli Tavisufleba
------ 63 ------

imaSi ki ar mdgomareobs, rom isargeblo WeSmaritebis
codniT (rasac TavisTavad ampartavnebis gamowveva SeuZlia) da akeTo, rac mogesurveba, aramed imaSi, rom
Tavi SeizRudo siyvarulis gamo. samarTlianad miiCnevdnen ra kerpebs ararad, korinToelebi Tavisuflad
Sediodnen sakerpoebSi da iq iRebdnen monawileobas
trapezSi _ Wamdnen msxverplSesawirs. amiT isini im Zmebs
abrkolebdnen, romlebic jer kidev ar iyvnen amaRlebulni kerpebis araraobis aseT cnebamde da romelTa
azriTac kerpebisTvis Sewirulis (nakerpevis) Wama kerpebTan TanaziarebaSi Sesvlas niSnavda (amas mociquli
`gonebis uZlurebas~ uwodebs _ mux. 7). rodesac isini
xedavdnen, rom Zmebi kerpebisTvis Sewiruls Wamdnen,
maTi sindisi ibilweboda (`gonebaY igi maTi uZluri
Seiginebis~). TavisTavad `saWmelman Cuen ara warguadginnes RvTisa. rameTu daRaTu vWamoT, araY guematos; da ara Tu vWamoT, araY daguakldes~ (mux. 8),
magram unda gvaxsovdes, rom adamiani ar aris mxolod
cxoveli, aramed, aris zneobriv-Tavisufali arseba da
amitom yvela mis qmedebas, maT Soris Wamas an arWamas, fiziologiuris garda, aqvs kidev zneobriTi mniSvnelobac. Sesabamisad, yovelTvis ar aris ucodveli
garkveuli saxis sakvebis Wama an arWama, magaliTad,
nakerpevis an umarxvo saWmelis miReba eklesiis mier
dadgenili marxvis dros. amitom mociquli gadaWriT
askvnis: àmisTKsca, ukueTu saWmeli daabrkolebdes
Zmasa Cemsa, ara vWamo Porci ukunisamde, raYTa ara
ZmaY Cemi davabrkolo~ (mux. 13).
mecxre TavSi wminda mociquli aviTarebs imave
azrs qristianuli Tavisuflebis gonivrulad gamoyen------ 64 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ebis Sesaxeb _ misi SezRudvis aucileblobaze umaRlesi miznebisaTvis. aq igi efuZneba Zvel ganwesebebs da
saubrobs Tavis uflebaze, miiRos sarCo-sabadebeli mis
mier moqceuli morwmuneebisgan: àra uwyiTa, rameTu
romelni-igi baginsa hmsaxureben, baginisagan Wamian?
da romelni sakurTxevelsa winaSe dganed, sakurTxevelisagan nawili ganiRian?~ (mux. 13). magram Tavadve
nebayoflobiT ambobs uars Tavis kanonier uflebaze,
miiRos mis mier moqceul morwmuneTagan gasamrjelo,
raTa ar iyos àra dabrkolebaY raYme vsceT saxarebasa mas qristessa~ (mux. 12). is yvelas da yovelTvis
uangarod emsaxureboda. sakuTari TavisTvis aras zrunavda, mudam sxvis saWiroebas da mdgomareobas iTvaliswinebda da amas mxolod saxarebis qadagebis warmatebisTvis akeTebda (mux. 15-23). `viqmen huriaTa Tana,
viTarca huriaY, raYTa huriani SeviZinne; Sjulsa
queSe myofTa Tana, viTarca Sjulsa queSe myofi,
raYTa Sjulsa queSe myofni SeviZinne; uSjuloTa Tana, viTarca uSjuloY, - ara uSjuloY viyav
RvTisa, aramed Sjulieri qristesi, - raYTa uSjuloni SeviZinne; viqmen uZlurTa maT Tana, viTarca uZluri, raYTa uZlurni igi SeviZinne; yovelTa
veqmen yovlad, raYTa yovelni vacxovnne~ (mux. 20-22)
_ es aris sanimuSo wesi egreT wodebuli `samwyemso
gamoyenebisaTvis~, rasac farTod iyenebda pavle mociquli, rameTu sulgrZelebas iCenda misi Tanamedrove
sazogadoebis yvela fenis warmomadgenlebisadmi, raTa
exsna Tundac zogierTi maTgani. yovelive zemoTqmuls
wminda mociquli SemdgomSi miusadagebs korinToelebs.
aCvena ra Tavisi magaliTiT TavSekaveba da piradi moTx------ 65 ------

ovnilebebis uaryofa moyvasTaTvis sargebelis motanis
mizniT, wminda pavle cdilobs korinToelebic msgavsi qmedebebisken midrikos. amisTvis is iyenebs maTTvis
kargad cnobil mrbolelTa da moWidaveTa magaliTs
(korinToelebi ganTqmulni iyvnen istmiuri TamaSebiT),
romlebic xrwnadi gvirgvinebis misaRebad cdiloben
Tavi Seikavon yovelive imisgan, asuqebs da sxeuls fizikurad auZlurebs. èsreT rbiodeT, raYTa ewineT~, _
Seagonebs mociquli (24, 25). aq mas kvlav Tavisi Tavi
mohyavs magaliTad: àw esreT vrbi, viTarca ara uCinod; esreT viWirvi, viTarca ara haersa vscem~, _
anu ara tyuilubralod, ara umiznod, ara ise, rogorc
mokrive varjiSobs, romelic, netari Teodorites sityviT, `rodesac wvrTnas atarebs, metoqis nacvlad
haers urtyams mjiRebs~, aramed namdvil dartymebs ayenebs eSmaks, adamianis gamoxsnis mters. miznis misaRwevado, ambobs: àRvikrZalav PorcTa CemTa da davimoneb, nuukue sxuaTa uqadagebde da me gamoucdel
viyo~. aq rjulad ideba qristianuli asketizmi: xseulis
moTxovnilebebis alagmvis gareSe SeuZlebelia codviTi
vnebebis aRmofxvra, SeuZlebelia sulier cxovrebaSi
warmatebis miRweva.
meaTe TavSi kvlav imazea saubari, rom ar SeiZleba
nakerpavis Wama. misi mTavari azri imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom msxverplisTvis Sewirulis mWamelni eSmakis trapezs
eziarebian. Tavidan, wminda mociquli RvTis saSineli
samsjavroTi emuqreba korinToelebs kerpTmsaxurebisaken midrekilebis gamo da mohyavs magaliTebi isrealianebis ZvelaRTqmiseuli istoriidan. aq mniSvnelovania is
paraleli, romelsac wminda mociquli avlebs israel------ 66 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ianebsa da qristianebs Soris: `mamani Cuenni yovelni
Rrubelsa queSe iyvnes da yovelni zRuasa ganPdes,
da yovelTa moses mier naTel-iRes RrubliTa miT da
zRKTa~ _ wiTeli zRviT gasvla naTlisRebis winasaxe
iyo, mose ki _ qristes winasaxe. `da yovelTa igive
sazrdeli sulieri Wames; da yovelTa igive sasumeli
sulieri sues; rameTu sumides igini sulierisa misgan kldisa, romelica Seudga; xolo klde igi iyo
qriste~ (mux. 1-4). sulieri sakvebi _ es aris manana,
romelic uflis sxeulis winasaxes ganaxorcielebda,
xolo sulieri samkali, wyali, romelic saswaulebrivad gadmodinda kldidan _ uflis sisxlis winasaxes.
azri is aris, rom adamianebisTvis madlmosili ZRvenis
momniWebeli rogorc Zvel, iseve, axal aRTqmaSi aris
erTi da igive ieso qriste. es adgili samociqulodan
ikiTxeba RvTisgancxadebis (naTlisRebis) dResaswaulze
didi aiazmis dros. mas Semdeg, rac mociquli CamoTvlis
israelianebis mxridan zneobrivi dacemis magaliTebs
da maT gamo saRvTo sasjelebs, mociquli korinToelebs miuTiTebs im saSiSroebebze, rac mohyveba warmarTebis mxridan SemoTavazebul sacdurebze ayolas,
Tuki isini warmarTebTan erTad miiReben monawileobas
trapezSi: `romeli hgonebdes dgomasa, ekrZalen,
nuukue daeces~ (mux. 5-12). me-15_22-e muxlebSi mociquli Seagonebs, rom kerpebisTvis Sewirulis Wama _ es
aris eSmakebTan Tanaziareba, rogorc eSmakis trapezSi
monawileoba, rameTu `romelsa-igi ugeben warmarTni,
eSmakTa ugeben da ara RmerTsa~ (mux. 20).
23-e_33-e muxlebSi mociquli aswavlis, rogor unda
moiqcnen saWmelTan mimarTebiT ise, rom ar Sescodon
------ 67 ------

kerpisTvis Sewirulis WamiT. upirveles yovlisa, igi
imeorebs me-6 Tavis me-12 muxlis azrs: `yovelive jerars Cemda, aramed ara yoveli umjobes ars~ (mux.
31), radgan korinToelebi, sargeblobdnen ra qristianuli TavisuflebiT, borotad iyenebdnen mas da mSvidad
monawileobdnen warmarTTa trapezebSi. mociquli maT
nebas rTavs yvelaferi Wamon, rac ki bazarSi iyideba
da aseve, rasac stumrad yofnisas sTavazoben, Tundac
urwmunoebTan, magram ùkueTu vinme giTxras Tquen,
viTarmed: ese nakerpavi ars, - nu SWamT mis mauwyebelisaTKs~, gind qristiani iyos da gind warmarTi:
pirvel SemTxvevaSi imitom, rom is ar cdundes, meoreSe
ki _ raTa macdurisagan daicva sakuTari qristianuli
Rirseba. yvela mosazrebas mociquli amtkicebs zogadi
wesiT: `gina Tu SWamdeT, gina Tu hsumideT, gina Tu
rasaca iqmodiT, yovelsave sadideblad RvTisa iqmodeT~ (mux. 31). yvelaze Zvirfasi CvenTvis RvTis didebaa da swored mas unda viTvaliswinebdeT yovelTvis
da upirvelesad, Cveni cxovrebis yvela SemTxvevaSi.
meTerTmete Tavi Seicavs mxilebas da gamosworebas
zogierTi uwesobisa, rac xdeboda saeklesio Sekrebebis dros, kerZod: 1) dedakacebis mxridan Tavdauburveloba eklesiaSi da 2) uRirsi saqcielebi siyvarulis
serobebze.
pirveli Segonebis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sazogadoebriv saeklesio Sekrebebs dedakacebi unda eswrebodnen Tavdaburulni, mamakacebi ki _ Tavdauburavni. wminda ioane oqropiri am Segonebas imiT xsnis, rom
korinToSi `dedakacebi dauburavi TavebiT loculobdnen da winaswarmetyvelebdnen, xolo mamakacebi Tmas
------ 68 ------
winaswari cnebebi
izrdidnen, _ filosofosebis msgavsad, _ locvisa da
winaswarmetyvelobis dros ki Tavze ixuravdnen, riTac, erTSic da meoreSic warmarTul kanons icavdnen~.
wminda mociquli amas qristianebisTvis Seufereblad
miiCnevs da dedakacebisgan moiTxovs, rom maT Tavi daiburon TavianTi qmrebisadmi morCili mdgomareobis niSnad. garda amisa, im dros warmarTi dedakacebi TavianT sakerpoSi Sediodnen aSkarad uwminduri miznebiT
da moRiavebuli Tavi maTi usircxvilobis gamomxatveli
iyo. garyvnili dedakaci Tavisi uwesobis gamo Tmis gadaparsviT isjeboda, amitomac ambobs mociquli: ùkueTu ara daiburavs dedakaci igi, da ikuecenca~*
(mux. 1-6). `jer qmaria, _ ambobs episkoposi Teofane
dayudebuli, _ RvTis xatebad, Semdeg ki misgan dedakaci, rogorc TiTqosda mamakacis xatebad, romelic àmitomac aris xateba xatebisa, anu warmoadgens qmris
didebis anarekls~. àmisTKs jer-ars dedakacisa, raYTa flobaY aqundes Tavsa TKssa zeda angelozTaTKs~
(mux. 10). `Tuki Sen, _ ambobs wminda ioane oqropiri, _
yuradRebas ar aqcev qmars, maSin Segrcxves angelozebisa~. amgvarad, colis es Tavdaburuloba gamoxatavs mis
simdables, morCilebas da qmrisadmi daqvemdebarebas.
magram imisaTvis, rom qmarma colis winaSe ar iqedmaRlos da borotad ar gamoiyenos Tavisi ufrosoba,
mociquli ganagrZobs: àrca mamakaci TKnier dedakacisa, arca dedakaci TKnier mamakacisa uflisa mier.
rameTu viTarca-igi dedakaci qmrisagan ars, egreTca qmari - colisaTKs; xolo yovelive RvTisagan
* SeiWras
------ 69 ------
ars~ (mux. 11, 12). `gana, TviT buneba ar gvaswavlis

Cven, rom Tuki mamakaci Tmas izrdis, es misTvis upatiobaa?~ _ am sityvebiT gamodian xSirad seqtantebi
grZeli Tmis matarebeli marTlmadidebeli mRvdlebis
winaaRmdeg. magram aq saubaria ara mRvdlebze, aramed
rigiT morwmuneebze da igulisxmeba sayovelTaod miRebuli Cveuleba, romlis Tanaxmadac, mxolod dedakacebi
izrdian Tmas, mamakacebi ki ikreWen. amasTan, seqtantebs
aviwydebaT, rom TviT RmerTis mowodebiT, mamakacebs,
romlebic nazarevelobis aRTqmas debdnen, Tavze Tma
unda gaezardaT (ricx. 6, 5). swored, nazarevelobis am
ideas, anu RmerTisTvis TavSewirvas, gamoxatavs Tanamedrove mRvdlebsa da monozvnebSi Tavze Tmis gazrda.
me-17_34-e muxlebSi mociquli ganikiTxavs im wess,
romliTac moqmedebdnen korinToelebi siyvarulis serobebze. Cveuleba, romelic ierusalimis pirvel qristianul TemebSi damkvidrda, _ romlis Tanaxmadac,
marTlmorwmuneebs yvelaferi saerTo hqondaT da saWmelad saerTo magidasTan ikribebodnen, _ kidev didi
xnis ganmavlobaSi iyo SenarCunebuli da mas yvela Zvel
qristianul TemSi icavdnen. RvTismsaxurebis dasrulebisa da qristes wminda saidumlosTan ziarebis Semdeg,
yvelasaTvis saerTo trapezi imarTeboda, Tanac saWmeli mdidrebs mohqondaT, upovarebs isini umaspinZldebodnen da amgvarad, yvela erTad trapezobda. swored
amas ewodeboda `siyvarulis seroba~. mociquli korinToelebs amxels upirvelesad imaSi, rom rodesac isini
eklesiaSi ikribebian, calkevdebian xolme jgufebad, an
ojaxebad an nacnobebad, da iviwyeben Ratakebs, riTac
irRveva TviT am Sekrebebis mizani. aRZravs ra maTSi
------ 70 ------
winaswari cnebebi
keTilkrZalul damokidebulebas aseTi Sekrebebisadmi,
wminda mociquli 23-e_32-e muxlebSi saubrobs evqaristiis saidumloze, romelic, Cveulebriv, win uswrebda
siyvarulis serobebs. tipikonis Tanaxmad, es adgili
ikiTxeba didi xuTSabaTis liturgiaze. aq CvenTvis
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania sityvebi: `romeli Wamdes pursa amas da sumides sasumelsa amas uflisasa
uRirsebiT, Tana-mdeb ars igi Porcsa da sisxlsa
uflisasa~. es sityvebi RirsSesaniSnavia dogmaturi
mniSvnelobiTac: puri aris WeSmariti xorci qristesi,
xolo Rvino _ qristes WeSmariti sisxli, da ara mxolod simboloebi, rogorc amas uwmindurad aswavlian
ukiduresi protestantebi da seqtantebi. amitomac ase
ganagrZobs mociquli: `gamo-Ra-icaden kacman Tavi
TKsi da esreT purisa misgan Wamen da sasumelisa
misgan sun~ _ anu ziarebis msurveli unda moemzados
sakuTari sindisis gamocdiT da Rirseuli ziarebisaTvis dabrkolebebis moSorebiT. amisTvis aris marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi dawesebuli ziarebiswina marxva da
aRsareba. es sruliad aucilebelia, rameTu `romeli
ara Rirsad Wamdes da sumides, dasaSjelad Tavisa Tsisa Wams da suams, rameTu ara gamoikiTxna
Porcni uflisani~ (mux. 27-29). daskvnaSi (mux. 33, 34)
mociquli Segonebas iZleva, rom siyvarulis serobaze
ùrTierTas hgebdiT~,* anu miiRon saWmeli TavSekavebiT, yovelgvari sixarbis gareSe da daelodon erTmaneTis mosvlas. `sxuaY igi, odes movide, maSin vbrZano~
(mux. 34) _ es mniSvnelovania: yovelive mociqulebisgan
* erTmaneTs daelodoT
------ 71 ------

modis _ eklesiaSi arsebuli yvela wesi maT mier aris
dadgenili, Tumca yovelive ar aris gadmocemuli wminda werilSi.
meTormete TavSi saubaria eklesiis sulier niWze.
mociqulTa drois qristes eklesias gansakuTrebulad
axasiaTebda saRvTo madlis uxvad gamovlineba morwmuneebSi sulier niWTa saxiT. mociquli aq CamoTvlis
ramdenime sulier niWs: sibrZne, mecniereba, sarwmunoeba, kurneba, winaswarmetyveleba, gankiTxva (gansjis unari), sxvadasxva enaze saubari da Targmaneba enaTa (ganmarteba). es niWni unda SesweodaT saxarebis warmatebulad qadagebaSi urwmunoTa Soris. magram korinToelTa
Soris bevri suliwmidis am madlmosil gamovlinebas
uyurebda rogorc pativmoyvareobisa da qedmaRlobis
sababs. cdilobdnen ra moepovebinaT rac SeiZleba meti
sakvirveli niWi, zogierTi xiblSi vardeboda da maSinac
ki, rodesac aranair niWs ar flobda, sxvebis dasanaxad
Smagobdnen _ gamoTqvamdnen yvelasaTvis gaurkvevel sityvebs da arcTu iSviaTad, gonebisa da gulis dabnelebis momentebSi, wamoiyvirebdnen xolme RvTisgmob
sityvebs, magaliTad, anaTemas iesoze. aq Canda warmarTi `naTelmxilvelebis~ zegavlena, iseTebis, rogorebic iyvnen, magaliTad: piTia da sibila. xelovnurad
gamowveul cruSTagonebisas, qafiT pirze da gaSlili
TmiT, yvirodnen gaugebar an orazrovan sityvebs da
Zlier STabeWdilebas tovebdnen xalxze, romelic, amis
Semdeg, daJinebiT iTxovda maTgan pasuxebs sxvadasxva
kiTxvebze. aseTebia Tanamedrove seqtantebic, magaliTad: ormocdaaTianelebi.
mociquli gafrTxilebas aZlevs qristianebs, eridon
------ 72 ------
winaswari cnebebi
warmarTul mosazrebebs sulier niWTan mimarTebiT da
maTTan damokidebulebas. is ganmartavs, rom eklesiaSi
yvela sulieri niWi _ es aris RvTis sulis moqmedeba (mux.
3-11). amitom, rogorc SeuZlebelia, rom suliwmidis
gavlenis qveS moqmedma pirma RmerTze gmoba warmoTqvas, aseve ar SeiZleba, metoqeoba hqondeT erTmaneTSi
sxvadasxva sulieri niWiT dajildoebulT. rogorc adamianis sxeuli Sedgeba sxvadasxva nawilisgan, TiToeul
maTgans Tavisi gansakuTrebuli daniSnuleba aqvs da
maT Soris SeuZlebelia metoqeoba, aseve, eklesiaSic
SeuZlebelia qristianebs Soris metoqeoba, rameTu isini
qristes erT sxeuls Seadgenen, sadac TiToeuls Tavisi
gansakuTrebuli msaxureba ekisreba: zogs mociqulebrivi, zogs _ winaswarmetyveluri, zogsac _ samoZRvro.
sxvebma saswaulTmoqmedebis niWi miiRes, kidev sxvebma
gankurnebis, daxmarebis, ganmgeblobis, sxvadasxva enaze
laparakis (mux. 12-30). mociquli korinToelebs urCevs
moSurneoba gamoiCinon `madlTa maT ufroYsTa~. yvelaze aRmatebuli ki madlmosil niWTa Soris _ es aris
siyvarulis niWi. swored mas eZRvneba Semdegi Tavi.
mecamete Tavi zogierTis mier samarTlianad iwodeba `qristianuli siyvarulis saocar himnad~. mxolod
siyvaruli sZens WeSmarit azrs da WeSmarit faseulobas
sulier niWs da adamianur moRvaweobas. siyvarulis gareSe adamianma SeiZleba, isaubros yvela adamianur da
angelozTa enazec ki, magram misi sityva iqneba `viTarca rvali, romeli oxrin, gina winwilani, romelni
Pmobed~. siyvarulis gareSe adamiani araraobaa, Tundac mas winaswarmetyveluri niWi hqondes, icodes yvela
saidumlo, flobdes sxvadasxva mecnierebas, iseTi rw------ 73 ------

menisa iyos, rom mTebs gadaadgilebdes. siyvarulis gareSe iseT TviTuaryofis Rvawlsac ara aqvs mniSvneloba,
rogoricaa mTeli Tavisi qonebis RatakTaTvis darigeba
da sxeuliT koconze asvla.
me-4_me-7 muxlebSi gadmocemulia siyvarulis Tvisebebi. es Tvisebebi iseTi xasiaTisaa, rom igi, wminda
pavle mociqulis sityvebiT (rom. 13, 10), WeSmaritad
warmoadgens mTeli rjulis aRsrulebas. es aris: mravlis daTmena, gulmowyaleba, arqona Surianobis, qedmaRlobis, ampartavnebis, uwesobis sulis; es aris: uangaroba, urisxveloba, daviwyeba Seuracxyofisa, samarTlianobis siyvaruli, sruli rwmena, mtkice sasoeba da
yovelgvari mwuxarebis gadatanis mzadyofna. qadageba,
enebis niWi da codna mxolod droebiTi da aucilebeli
SenaZenia, siyvaruli ki maradis rCeba. igi àrasada davardebis~ (mux. 8-10). imaT SeuZlia uwodo Cvilis titini, azrovneba da msjeloba, siyvaruli ki srulyofili
adamianis kuTvnilebaa, rodesac is dainaxavs RmerTs,
ara rogorc mkrTal SuSaSi, ara mkiTxaobiT, aramed
pirispir da Seicnobs mas ara nawilobriv, aramed srulad, zustad iseve, rogorc axla icnoben adamians (mux.
11, 12). àw esera hgies sarwmunoebaY, sasoebaY da siyuaruli, sami ese; xolo ufroYs amaTsa siyuaruli
ars~ (mux. 13) _ es yvelaze umaRlesi niWebia, magram
maTgan yvelaze aRmatebuli siyvarulia, imitom rom,
rogorc wminda ioane oqropiri ambobs, `sarwmunoeba
da sasoeba maSin mTavrdeba, rodesac modis is sikeTe,
romelic rwmenisa da sasoebis sagans Seadgens (momaval
saukuneSi)~. `momaval cxovrebaSi sarwmunoeba zedmetia,
_ ambobs netari Teodorite, _ rodesac aSkara gaxdeba
------ 74 ------
winaswari cnebebi
TviT sagnebi (ese igi, rodesac TvalnaTliv gamoCndeba
sarwmunoebis obieqti). aseve zedmetia iq sasoeba, magram
siyvaruli kidev ufro Zalmosili gaxdeba, rodesac
dacxreba vnebebi, sxeuli gaxdeba uxrwneli, suli ki ar
airCevs dRes erTs, xval _ meores~.
meToTxmete TavSi wminda mociquli saubrobs ori
sulieri niWiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb: es aris winaswarmetyvelebisa da enebis niWi. Tavidan (mux. 1-25) igi naTels xdis pirveli niWis meoreze upiratesobas, Semdeg
(mux. 26-38) Segvagonebs, Tu rogor unda gamoiyenebodes
erTic da meore niWic eklesiaSi. dabolos (mux. 30-40)
akeTebs daskvnas am ori niWis Sesaxeb, sadac xazs usvams, rom eklesiaSi `yovelive Suenierad da wesierad
iqmneboden~. winaswarmetyveluri niWis upiratesoba enebis niWis winaSe niSnavs, rom vinc winaswarmetyvelebs,
anu naTlad iuwyeba RvTis nebas ara mxolod momavlis
Sesaxeb, aramed warsulisa da axlandelis Sesaxebac, is
adamianebs Seagonebs, arigebs da anugeSebs, xolo ucxo
enaze mosaubres veravin ugebs, garda im enis mcodnesi. im enis armcodneTaTvis ki misi saubari igivea,
rac `haersa metyuelni~ an, rac sxvadasxva sakravebis
umwyobro da areuli xmebi (mux. 7-9). enebiT zedmetad
gataceba erTgvari bavSvobaa da sruliad Seuferebelia
srulyofili qristianisaTvis. amitomac Segvagonebs mociquli: `nu yrma iqmnebiT gonebiTa, aramed borotisaTKs yrma iyveniT, xolo gonebiTa srul iyveniT~
(mux. 20). am Segonebis azri igivea, rasac qristes Semdegi sityvebi gamoxatavs: ìyveniT ukue mecnier, viTarca guelni, da umanko, viTarca tredni~ (mT. 10,
16), ese igi, iyaviT uborotoni, rogorc Cvilni, magram
------ 75 ------

gonierebiT _ rogorc zrdasrulni. ucxo eniT aseTi
bavSvuri gataceba aris morwmuneebisadmi gulgriloba (mux. 22), urwmunoTaTvis ki dacinvis sababis micema
(mux. 23). gansakuTrebuli madlmosili niWis mqoneTaTvis saerTo wesia: `yovelive ese aRsaSenebelad iqmneboden~, anu yvelaferi saerTo aRSenebas unda emsaxurebodes (mux. 26). Tuki arian ucxo enaze molaparakeni,
unda ilaparakon ara yvelam erTad, aramed cal-calke
da erTma unda ganmartos; winaswarmetyvelebma, aseve,
rigrigobiT unda aswavlon da maSinve Sewyviton sityva,
rodesac sxvebi saRvTo gacxadebas miiReben, raTa eklesiaSi ar daiwyos uwesrigoba, `rameTu ara ars RmerTi
SfoTisaY, aramed mSKdobisaY~ (mux. 27-33). `dedani
Tquenni eklesiasa Sina dumned~ (mux. 34) _ aswavlis
ra dedakacebs Tavmdablobas da qmrebisadmi morCilebas,
wminda pavle maT ukrZalavs eklesiaSi aramcTu sxvebis
swavlas, aramed SekiTxvis dasmasac ki: `rameTu saZagel ars dedaTaY eklesiasa Sina zraxvad~ (mux. 35).
bolos, mociquli urCevs, moSurneoba gamoiCinon winaswarmetyvelobis niWis misaRebad, Tumca arc sxvadasxva
enaze laparaks ukrZalavs. amasTan, Seaxsenebs, rom eklesiaSi mTavaria keTilmSveniereba da wesrigi: `yovelive
Suenierad da wesierad iqmneboden~ (mux. 40).
meTxuTmete Tavi warmoadgens mkvdreTiT aRdgomasTan dakavSirebul traqtats, rac friad mniSvnelovania Tavisi dogmaturi SinaarsiT. unda vivaraudoT, rom
warmarTi filosofosebis zegavleniT, korinToel qristianebs Soris arsebobda eWvi udides WeSmaritebasTan
_ mkvdrebis aRdgomasTan dakavSirebiT. rodesac pavle
mociqulma saubari daiwyo aTenSi mkvdreTiT aRdgomis
------ 76 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Sesaxeb, zogierTebma mas dascines (saqm. 17, 32). msgavsi
filosofosebi, romlebsac mkvdreTiT aRdgoma SeuZleblad miaCndaT, korinToSic SeiZleba yofiliyvnen. erTni, rogorc Cans, savsebiT uaryofdnen aRdgomas, sxvebi
ki ambobdnen, rom es alegoriulad unda gaegoT, da
rom sayovelTao aRdgoma ukve Sedga, rameTu masSi unda
vigulisxmoT sulis ganwmendao. timoTes mimarT epistoleSi (2 tim. 2, 17, 18) wminda pavlem am ukeTur swavlebas gangrena (`srsKli~) uwoda da miuTiTa mis gamavrceleblebze _ vimineossa da filitosze. zogierTebi
mxolod gakvirvebas eZleodnen: rogor aRdgebian mkvdrebi da rogori sxeuliT? upirveles yovlisa, wminda
mociquli amtkicebs ufal ieso qristes mkvdreTiT aRdgomis WeSmaritebas, _ eyrdnoba ra im faqtebs, rom
mkvdreTiT aRmdgari qriste gamoecxada petres (kefas),
Tormet mociquls, 500 Zmas, iakob mociquls, yvela sxva
Tavis mowafes, dabolos, TviT pavles (mux. 1-8). qristes
aRdgomis WeSmaritebidan wminda pavles Semdgom gamoaqvs daskvna, _ rogorc gardauvali aucilebloba, _ rom
WeSmaritad moxdeba sayovelTao aRdgoma, RmerTis mier
winaswar gansazRvrul dros, rameTu Tavisi aRdgomiT
qristem dasabami daudo Cvens aRdgomasac, rameTu `
iqmna igi dasabam SesuenebulTa~ (mux. 20).
Tuki davuSvebT azrs, rom sayovelTao aRdgoma ar
iqneba, maSin unda uarvyoT qristes aRdgomis WeSmaritebac. es uaryofa ki amxobs mTel qristianobas, rameTu ùkueTu qriste ara aRdgomil ars, cudad same
ars qadagebaY ese Cueni da cudad ars sarwmunoebaY
ege Tqueni~ (mux. 14). amave dros, mociqulTa qadagebebs Tan axlda imdenad gamaognebeli saswaulebi da
------ 77 ------

suliwmidis imdeni SesaniSnavi niWi, rom maTze amaoao,
keTilgonier adamianTagan veravin ityoda. ùkueTu
qriste ara aRdgomil ars, amao ars sarwmunoebaY
ege Tqueni; codvaTave sameRa Sina TquenTa xarT
aqamomde~ (mux. 16, 17), `da Sesuenebulni igi qristes
mier war-ve same-wymden. ukueTu amas xolo cxorebasa varT mosav qristesa, usawyalobeles yovelTa kacTasa varT~ (mux. 18, 19). razea damyarebuli codvebis
mitevebis rwmena? imaze, rom jvarze momkvdarma qristem
yvelasTvis gaiRo gamomsyidveli msxverpli, xolo, is,
rom es msxverpli miRebulia, mowmobs misi aRdgoma. Tu
is ar aRmdgara, maSin misi msxverpli Sewiruli ar aris
da misi sikvdili ubralo adamianuri sikvdili yofila,
romelsac ver eqneba gamomsyidveli Zala. maSin rwmenaSi mkvdarni da qristesTvis wamebis damTmenni ubeduri, daRupuli adamianebi yofilan da meti araferi.
maSin qristianebi adamianTa Soris yvelaze ubedurebi
gamodian: aqac yvelafers akldebian, devnas ganicdian
da amqveyniuri siamovnebebisagan Tavs ikaveben da iqac,
momaval cxovrebaSi, romelzedac sasoebas amyareben, verafers miiReben. maSin azri ar hqonia zneobrivi wesebiT cxovrebas da sakuTar codviT midrekilebebTan
brZolas. maSin ufro misaRebi iqneba warmarTuli epikurelebis skolis wesebiT xelmZRvaneloba: `vWamoT da
vsuaT, rameTu xvale movswydebiT!~ (mux. 32). amdenad,
mkvdreTiT aRdgomis uaryofa _ es aris mTeli qristianuli zneobisaTvis Ziris gamoTxra.
Semdeg, mociquls qristes aRdgomis WeSmaritebidan
gamoaqvs daskvna sayovelTao mkvdreTiT aRdgomis Sesaxeb,
rameTu qriste aris mis mier ganaxlebuli kacobriobis
------ 78 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mamamTavari, axali adami: `da viTarca-igi adamis gamo
yovelni moswydebian, egreTca qristes mier yovelni cxovel iqmnen~ (mux. 20-28). amis Semdeg mociquli
ambobs, rom mkvdreTiT aRdgomis uaryofa migviyvanda
naTlisRebis umiznobamde, mis uazrobamde; maSin mociqulTa yvela Rvawli da Sroma fuWi iqneboda da mTeli
zneobrioba daemxoboda (mux. 29-32). mociquli afrTxilebs korinToelebs, rom maTTvis friad sazianoa warmarTebTan urTierToba, romlebmac, rogorc Cans, gadasdes maT ukdavebis urwmunoeba. igi iyenebs Zvel andazas:
`ganxrwnian wesTa keTilTa zraxvani borotni~ da
arcxvens maT imisTvis, rom aqvT ùmecrebaY RvTisaY~,
anu warmarTulad azrovneben da ver warmoudgeniaT
RmerTis yovladZliereba, romelsac Tavisi ZaliT Tavisuflad SeuZlia mkvdrebis aRdgineba (mux. 33, 34).
35-e_53-e muxlebSi mociquli saubrobs imis Sesaxeb,
Tu ragvarad moxdeba mkvdreTiT aRdgoma: Tavidan is
pasuxobs kiTxvas _ rogor aRdgebian gardacvlilTa
sxeulebi, anu romeli ZaliT (mux. 36-38), Semdeg _ ra
saxiT aRdgebian isini (mux. 39-50), dabolos, rogor moxdeba TviT aRdgoma (mux. 51-53). pirvel sakiTze pasuxis
gasacemad mociquli adamianis sxeuls mcenaris Tesls
adarebs. imisaTvis, rom Teslma nayofi gamoiRos, is jer
unda gaixrwnas, amitom gardacvlil adamianTa sxeulis
gaxrwna ver iqneba RvTis ZaliT maTi aRdginebis xelis
SemSleli garemoeba. meore sakiTxze mociquli pasuxobs,
rom mkvdreTiT aRmdgar adamianTa sxeulebi gansxvavebuli iqneba axlandeli uxeSi sxeulebisgan: es iqneba
sulieri sxeuli, msgavsi mkvdreTiT aRdgomili qristes
sxeulisa. isini uxrwnelni iqnebian, rameTu `PorcTa da
------ 79 ------
sisxlTa sasufeveli RvTisaY damkKdrebad ver Zaluc, arca xrwnilebaman uxrwnelebaY daimkKdros~
(mux. 50), amitom `yovelTave ukue ara SevisuenoT,
xolo yovelnive ganvaxldeT~ (mux. 51), ese igi, isini,
vinc jer kidev cocxlebi iqnebian sayovelTao aRdgomisas, myisierad Seicvlebian da maTi sxeulebic aseve gaxdeba sulieri da uxrwneli. `rameTu jer-ars
xrwnilisa amis Semosad uxrwnelebaY, da mokudavisa
amis Semosad ukudavebaY~ (mux. 53). yvela es sulieri
sxeuli gandidebuli iqneba sxvadasxva wilad, TiToeuli adamianis zneobrivi simaRlis Sesabamisad (mux. 3949). Tavis azrs gardacvlilTa aRdgomis Sesaxeb, wminda
mociquli amTavrebs winaswarmetyvelebis _ esaiasa da
osias sazeimo sityvebiT imis Sesaxeb, rom aRsruldeba
wminda werilis sityvebi: `dainTqa sikudil ZleviTa~
da `sada ars sikudilo sawerteli Seni? sada ars
jojoxeTo, ZlevaY Seni?~ (es. 25, 8; os. 13, 14) da RvTisadmi samadlobeliT, romelic sikvdilze gamarjvebas
gvaniWebs. amis Semdeg igi Segvagonebs, rom unda viyoT mtkiceni da uryevni qristianul sarwmunoebasa da
cxovrebaSi da `maradis uwyodeT, rameTu SromaY ege
Tqueni ara cudad iyos uflisa mier~ (mux. 54-58).
meTeqvsmete TavSi mociquli iZleva darigebas ierusalimeli qristianebisTvis Sesawiris SegrovebasTan
dakavSirebiT, ris Semdegac aRuTqvams, rom Tavad Cava
korinToSi efesodan makedoniis gavliT; Txovs, megobrulad miiRon timoTe. kvlav Seagonebs, rom ifxizlon,
axovnad da mtkiced idgnen sarwmunoebaSi; mokiTxvas
ugzavnis asiis eklesiebisgan, akvilasa da priskilasgan
da yvela Zmisgan, xolo imaT, visac ufali ieso qriste
------ 80 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ar uyvars, ucxadebs ìyavn SeCuenebul, maranaTa~,
rac niSnavs `de, gankveTil iyos uflis mosvlamde~. ai,
sad aris im anaTemis safuZvlianoba, romelic cxaddeba
Cvens eklesiebSi marTlmadideblobis zeimis kviras. pavle mociquli epistoles amTavrebs Cveuli samociqulo
locva-kurTxeviT.
------ 81 ------
meore epistole korinToelTa mimarT

epistoles daweris mizezi. vidre korinToSi gaemgzavreboda, wminda pavles surda gaego, rogori STabeWdileba moaxdina iq misma pirvelma epistolem. garda
amisa, undoda, rom manamde iq gagzavnil timoTes daemTavrebina ierusalimeli qristianebisTvis Semowirulobebis Segroveba (1 kor. 4, 17). amave dros, igi varaudobda efesoSi Seyovnebas, raTa daesrulebina iq
Tavisi misia da saSualeba hqonoda, meti dro daeTmo
korinToelebisTvis. magram demetrios vercxlismWedelis amboxma mociquli aiZula, dauyovnebliv daetovebina
qalaqi efeso. maSinve korinToSi wasvla adre iyo, radgan timoTe jer ver iqneboda iq SemowirulobebiT da
rac mTavaria, mociqulma ar icoda misi pirveli epistoles Sedegi. amitom man korinToSi Tavisi meore mowafe _ tite wargzavna davalebiT: gaego da dabrunebuliyo masTan korinTos ambebiT, Tavad ki troadaSi gaemgzavra. lodinis mdgomareoba mociqulisTvis imdenad
daZabuli aRmoCnda, rom misi sakuTari gamoTqmiT, sulis simSvide dakarga (2 kor. 2, 12, 13). amitom makedoniaSi wavida, raTa, rac SeiZleba, male Sexvedroda
tites. makedoniaSi titesTan Sexvedram wminda pavle
daamSvida. iqve Sexvda igi timoTesac, romelic korinToSi mxolod axla apirebda gamgzavrebas. titem didad gaaxara wminda pavle mociquli im STabeWdilebis
aRweriT, rac misma epistolem korinToelebze moaxdina,
Tumca, amasTan, zogierTi usiamovno ambavic Seatyobina.
yvelaferi is, rac titem wminda mociquls auwya ko------ 82 ------
winaswari cnebebi
rinToSi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, gaxda mizezi misi meore
epistoles dawerisa; es aSkarad Cans TviT misi Sinaarsidan (7, 6-16).
wminda tite mociquls mouyva, rom pirveli epistoles Semdeg korinToelebi Seipyro `RvTisa mierman
mwuxarebaman~, da am mwuxarebam isini sinanulSi moiyvana, aRZra maTSi RvTis SiSi da gamosworebis survili,
risxviT aanTo sisxlis aRmrevTa winaaRmdeg (2 kor. 7,
11) da gamoiwvia yovelgvari warmarTuli uwmindurebis
moZageba. Tumca, meore mxriv, wminda titem mociquls
isic auwya, mTeli ZalixmeviT rogor cdilobdnen misi
Seupovari mowinaaRmdegeni SeeryiaT mociqulis avtoriteti korinToelTa winaSe. ar hqondaT ra imis saSualeba, rom mociquli rame aSkarad gasakicx qmedebebSi
daedanaSaulebinaT, maT gamoiCines mcdeloba imisa, rom
korinToelTa TvalSi rac SeiZleba meti mniSvneloba
mieniWebinaT, magaliTad, imisTvis, rom mociqulma ramdenjerme Secvala Tavisi gegma korinToSi CasvlasTan
dakavSirebiT (2 kor. 1, 16; 1 kor. 6, 7). rogorc Cans,
aqedan maT surdaT gamoetanaT daskvna, TiTqos, mociqulis ganwyoba aramyaria, cvalebadia da amitom TviT misi
swavlebac ar SeiZleba ndobas imsaxurebdes, _ rogorc
msubuqazrovani da araseriozuli adamianisa. korinToSi yofnisas, pavles mxridan gamovlenili araCveulebrivi Tavmdabloba da uangaroba, maT undodaT mis
sisusted da sulmokleobad warmoeCinaT. `wignebi ese
reca mZime da Zlier, _ ambobdnen isini, _ xolo moslvaY PorciTa uZlur, da sityuaY Seuracx~ (2 kor.
10. 10). amas ar SeiZleba ar Seewuxebina pavle, rameTu
Crdils ayenebda ara mxolod piradad mas, aramed mis
------ 83 ------

mier qadagebul swavlebasac. amitomac cdilobda ganemarta korinToelebisTvis mis Sesaxeb gavrcelebuli
xmebis usafuZvloba.
titem isic mouTxro, rom yvela korinToeli jer ar
iyo gons mosuli; rom zogierTebi imdenad Rrmad iyvnen
CaZirulni uwmindurebaSi, mruSobasa da sxvadasxva saxis uwesobaSi, rom gamosworebas arc ki fiqrobdnen (2
kor. 12, 20, 21). saWiro iyo maTi moyvana sinanulSi
gansakuTrebuli ZaliT. pavle mociquli amis Sesaxeb
Semdegnairad ambobs: `raYTa mi-raY-vide, ara Tualuxuavad viPumio pelmwifebisa misebr, romel momca
me ufalman aRsaSenebelad da ara dasarRuevelad~
(2 kor. 13, 10).
garda amisa, mociquls surda korinToelebi ganewyo uxvi Semowirulobebis gasaRebad palestineli qristianebis sasargeblod, raTa ar Sercxveniliyo maT gamo
makedonelTa winaSe, rameTu pavle mociqulma, Tavisive
sityvebiT, winaswar Seaqo isini maTi qvelmoqmedebisaTvis (2 kor. 9, 4).
yovelive aman aRZra igi korinToelTa mimarT meore
epistoles dasawerad.
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. movlenebis ganviTarebidan Cans, rom es epistole, iseve, rogorc pirveli, dawerilia imave 58 an 59 wels, xolo misi daweris
adgili, eWvgareSea, aris makedonia (kerZod, unda vivaraudoT, rom es iyo qalaqi filipe), rac TviT epistoledan
Cans (2 kor. 2, 12, 13; 7, 5-7; 8, 1, 2; 9, 2-4). epistole
gaigzavna tites da kidev sxva Zmis (albaT, lukas) xeliT,
`romlisa-igi qebaY saxarebasa Sina~ (2 kor. 8, 18),
------ 84 ------
winaswari cnebebi
epistoles Sinaarsi da Semcveloba. korinToelTa
mimarT meore epistole Seicavs sul 13 Tavs da Tavisi
SinaarsiT iyofa Semdeg nawilebad:
1) Sesavali, romelic zedwarwerilTan erTad Seicavs Cveul misalmebas da keTil survilebs _ 1, 1-11;
2) Teoriuli nawili, sadac wminda mociquli ayalibebs mizezebs, romelTa gamoc ver SesZlo korinToSi
Casvla (1, 12-2, 11), Semdeg, msjelobs mis mier qadagebuli swavlebis amaRlebulobaze (2, 12-7, 1), dabolos,
ubrundeba ra manamdel sityvas, gamoxatavs im sixaruls,
rac mas moutana tites dabrunebam da yovelive iman,
rac man korinToSi naxa da ganicada (7, 2-16);
3) praqtikuli nawili eZRvneba ierusalimeli ZmebisTvis Semowirulobebis Segrovebis Sesaxeb msjelobas
_ me-8 da me-9 Tavebi;
4) dacviTi nawili eZRvneba mociqulis mier misi
mqadagebluri moRvaweobisa da maRali samociqulo
Rirsebis dacvas _ Tavebi me-10_me-13, 10;
5) daskvna Sedgeba sami muxlisgan (13, 11-13) da Seicavs darigebas mSvidobisa da erTsulovnebis Sesaxeb,
aseve, mociqulis misalmebasa da kurTxevas.
epistoles egzegetikuri ganxilva. mTeli epistole ganmsWvalulia mwuxarebis grZnobiT, romliTac moculia mociqulis suli samociqulo msaxurebis mZime
pirobebis gamo, magram es mwuxareba ar Trgunavs mociquls: is bolomde inTqmeba sarwmunoebis im ZalaSi, Tavisi saqmis im samarTlianobis gacnobierebasa da
aRsrulebuli movaleobis siwmindeSi, riTac mudmivad
gamoirCeoda wminda pavle mociquli.
------ 85 ------

epistole iwyeba Cveulebrivi zedwarweriT TviT pavle mociqulisa da misi mowafis, timoTes saxeliT da
samociqulo kurTxevis gadacemiT ara mxolod korinToelTa, aramed aqaias yvela qristianeTaTvis. Semdeg, is
ambobs, rom yvela misi tanjvisa da nugeSis mizans xedavs
korinToelTa nugeSsa da cxonebaSi da, amasTan, uyveba
maT im sasikvdilo safrTxis Sesaxeb, rac mas asiaSi gadaxda da romlisganac ufalma ixsna korinTos eklesiis
locviTi SewevniT (mux. 1-11). amis Semdeg, pirveli Tavis
me-12 muxlidan moyolebuli da mTel meore TavSi, wminda mociquli korinToelebs mouTxrobs mcire aziaSi
mis mier gadatanili mwuxarebebisa da devnis Taobaze;
uxsnis, agreTve, rom korinToSi misi Casvlis gadadebis
mizezi iyo is, rom mas surda enaxa isini sinanulSi mosulni da gamoxatavs sixaruls imis gamo, rom maT ukve
daiwyes muSaoba Tavisi zneobis gamosworebaze.
pirveli Tavis me-17_me-20 muxlebSi wminda mociquli ekamaTeba im cilismwameblebs, romlebic mis dadanaSaulebas cdilobdnen xasiaTis cvalebadobaSi da
amiT TviT qadagebisTvis Crdilis miyenebas izraxvidnen:
TiTqos, isic massaviT cvalebads, daulagebelsa da sicrues warmoadgenda. `xolo sarwmuno ars RmerTi,
rameTu sityuaY igi Cueni, romeli iyo Tquenda mimarT, ara iyo he da ara. rameTu Ze RvTisaY, iesu
qriste, romeli Cuen mier Tquen Soris iqadaga Cem
mier, da timoTes da siloanes, ara iyo he da ara,
aramed he igi mas Sina iqmna. RvTisa sadidebelad
Cuen mier~ (1, 18-20). am sityvebis azri imaSi mdgomareobs, rom wminda mociqulis qadageba iseTive myari
da ucvalebelia, rogori ucvalebelic TviT qristea.
------ 86 ------
winaswari cnebebi
`romelman-igi ganmamtkicna Cuen Tquen Tana qristes

mimarT, da cxebul guyvna Cuen RmerTman, da aRgubeWdna Cuen da momca windi igi sulisaY gulTa Sina
CuenTa~ (mux. 21, 22), _ aq saubaria mironcxebis saidumloze, romlis saidumlo aRsrulebis formulisTvis
aqedan aRebulia sityvebi: `suliwmidis niWis beWedi~.
mociqulis sityvebis azri Semdegia: imis mtkicebulebas, rom Cem mier TqvenTvis uwyebuli swavleba WeSmaritia, emsaxureba Tqven mier mironcxebaSi miRebuli
suliwmidis niWis beWedi. `me mowamed RmerTsa vxadi
sulisa Cemisa~ _ sityvebi, romlebic mowmoben, rom
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan SemTxvevebSi fici dasaSvebia (mux. 23). wminda mociquli ficiT imowmebs RmerTs
da korinToelebs ucxadebs maTTan misvlis dagvianebis
WeSmarit mizezs, kerZod, igi aqamde imitom ar mivida, rom ar gamxdariyo iZulebuli, mTeli simkacriT
moqceoda maT da Tavad Cadgomoda saTaveSi maTi religiuri cxovrebis mowyobas (mux. 24). sxva sityvebiT,
mociquls surda, korinToelebs TviTonve gamoesworebinaT sakuTari gardaxdomebi, ris Semdegac, ukve, maTi
Sexvedra urTierTsasixarulo iqneboda.
amasve ambobs wminda mociquli meore TavSic: mas ar
undoda korinToelebTan misvla mwuxarebiT, amitomac
miando maT imaTi gansja _ sisxlaRmrevebis. magram, radganac damnaSavem moinania, amitom mociquli maT nebas rTavs,
Seundon, raTa `nuukue umetesiTa mwuxarebiTa dainTqas egeviTari igi~ da ar izeimos satanam (mux. 1-11).
2, 12-dan 7, 1-mde wminda mociquli msjelobs qristianuli gacxadebis, anu saxarebiseuli WeSmaritebis
amaRlebulobaze da imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mkvidrdeba
------ 87 ------

es WeSmariteba qveyanaze. am msjelobisaTvis mociquli,
TiTqosda, uecrad aRiZra, rodesac gaixsena Tavis mogzaurobasTan dakavSirebiT gegmis Secvla da makedoniaSi misvla, iq titesTan Sexvedra da mis mier moTxrobili ambebiT gamowveuli sixaruli _ Tavisi pirveli
epistoles keTili gavlenis gamo (mux. 12, 13). mociquli
hmadlobs RmerTs, `romelman maradis ganmacxadnis
Cuen qristes mier da suli igi mecnierebisa misisaY
gamoaCinis Cuen mier yovelsa adgilsa~ (mux. 14). saxarebiseuli gamocxadebis pirveli Tviseba da qmedeba
is aris, rom igi ar saWiroebs TavisTvis gareSeTa mowonebas: Tavad iZleva Tavisi Tavis SegrZnebas, rogorc
yovelmxriv ganfenili keTilsurneleba: `qristes surnelebani varT~ (mux. 15), Tumca es keTilsurneleba sxvadasxvanairad moqmedebs adamianebze da damokidebulia
maT Sinagan ganwyobaze: zogisTvis is ganmacxovelebelia, sxvebisTvis ki _ sikvdilis momtani, da es mociqulebis brali ar aris, rameTu isini qadageben qristes
wminda da Seuryvnel swavlebas (mux. 14-17).
mesame da meoTxe TavebSi wminda mociquli saubrobs axali aRTqmis gacxadebis upiratesobaze Zvel
aRTqmasTan mimarTebiT da miuTiTebs saxarebis WeSmariti mqadageblebisa da TviT saxarebis qadagebis maxasiaTebel Tvisebebze.
rogorc mesame Tavidan Cans, mociqulis mowinaaRmdegeni (iudauri tradiciebis damcveli partiebi) korinToelTa winaSe iqadnidnen, rom miRebuli hqondaT
sarekomendacio werilebi ierusalimidan da, rogorc
Cans, ambobdnen, rom pavle mociqulis saqmianoba, _ imis
gamo, rom igi TiTqos Tavis qadagebaSi akninebs ZvelaR------ 88 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Tqmiseul rjuls, _ ierusalimeli qristianebis mier mowonebuli ar aris. amis pasuxad, wminda mociquli amtkicebs, rom axalaRTqmiseuli gamocxadeba ar saWiroebs
TavisTvis vinmes mxridan mowonebas _ is Tavis Sesaxeb
Tavadve acxadebs da misi yvelaze saukeTeso rekomendacia imaTi rwmena da keTili saqmenia, vinc is miiRo.
ànu ara wign Cuenda Tquen xarTa uflisa mier, daweril gulTa Sina CuenTa, _ ambobs wminda mociquli,
_ uwyebul da aRmokiTxul yovelTa mier kacTa?
sacnaur qmnil, rameTu xarT wign samociqulo qristesa, romeli imsaxura Cuen mier, dawerilni ara
melniTa, aramed suliTa RvTisa cxovelisaYTa, ara
ficarTa Sina qvisaTa, aramed ficarTa Sina gulisa
PorcielisaTa~ (mux. 1-3).
mociqulis aseTi darwmunebuloba misi samqadageblo saqmianobis nayofierebaSi, TviT ufal ieso qristesgan miRebul STagonebazea davanebuli. qristianuli gamocxadeba ar aris damokidebuli mqadagebelTa
Rirsebasa da SesaZleblobebze _ is Tavad ganadidebs
mqadageblebs. Tuki wignis msaxurebas _ ZvelaRTqmiseuli rjulis, romelic adamians gamarTlebas ar aZlevda,
iseTi dideba mohqonda misi msaxurebisTvis, rom moses
verc ki uyurebdnen saxeze, rodesac is saxedaufaravad
gamodioda, maSin raoden metad gandidebulia sulis _
axali aRTqmis _ msaxuri, romelic codvil adamians RvTis winaSe amarTlebs! ras niSnavs aq gamoTqma: `wigni
moakudinebs, xolo suli acxovnebs~?
SesaniSnavad ganmartavs amas wminda ioane oqropiri:
`rjuli, Tuki mkvlels daiWers, mas sikvdiliT sjis,
xolo Tuki mkvlels madli daiWers, is mas ganwmeds da
------ 89 ------

ganacxovelebs. Tumca, rad vsaubrob mkvlelze? rjulma isic ki daiWira da qvebiT Caqola, vinc SabaTs SeSa
Seagrova. ai, ras niSnavs _ `wigni moakudinebs~. piriqiT,
madli iWers uricxv kacismkvlelebsa da avazakebs da
ganbans ra maT naTlisRebis wyliT, miutevebs Zvel borotebas. ai, ras niSnavs: `suli acxovnebs~. rogorc sulis
msaxurni, wminda mociqulebi didi kadnierebiT moqmedeben da saburveliT ar faraven saRvTo gangebulebis saidumlos _ alegoriiT, an igavebiT; rameTu qristem Zvel
aRTqmas safarveli axada. mxolod Zvel aRTqmasTan brmad
mijaWvuli iudevelebisa da imaTTvis, vinc iudevelobs:
`dRendelad dRedmde igive saburveli sakiTxavsa mas
zeda Zuelisa Sjulisasa hgies aRuZarcuelad... dRendelad dRedmde, raJams aRmoikiTxvis mosesTKs, saburveli gulsa maTsa Zes. xolo raJams moiqces uflisa, moeZarcuvis saburveli igi~ (mux. 4-16). gamoTqma
_ `xolo ufali sul ars; xolo sada suli uflisaY,
mun aznaurebaY ars~ (mux. 17), _ savsebiT naTeli ar aris
da mas sxvadasxvagvarad ganmartaven, imisda mixedviT, Tu
vis gulisxmoben aq `sulSi~. yovladwmida samebis mesame
pirs _ suliwmidas Tu zogadad RmerTs, rogorc sulier
arsebas. yvela SemTxvevaSi, am gamoTqmis azri Semdegia:
Tuki Zvel aRTqmaSi rjulis sxvadasxva ganwesebebis sirTule Tavisuflebas zRudavda, axal aRTqmaSi suliwmidis madlma saSualeba mogvca, Tavisuflad mivaxlebodiT
TviT ufal ieso qristes, vumziroT mis didebas da Tavadac ganvicadoT feriscvaleba: `masve xatsa mivicvalebiT didebiTi didebad~ (mux. 18).
meoTxe TavSi gadmocemulia saxarebis WeSmariti
mqadageblebis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi, romlebic, mi------ 90 ------
winaswari cnebebi
uxedavad TavianTi msaxurebis yvela simZimisa, amboben:
àra guewyinebis~, rameTu isini àra Tu TavTa TKsTa~
qadageben, àramed qristesa iesus, ufalsa~ (mux. 1 da
5). saxarebis es mqadageblebi, zeciT gabrwyinebulni da
ganaTlebulni saRvTo mecnierebiTa `didebisa RvTisa
winaSe pirsa iesu qristessa~, TavisTavad, rogorc
adamianebi, uZlurni arian. isini atareben saxarebis WeSmaritebis saunjes TiTqosda Tixis WurWlebSi (`guaqus
Cuen safase ese kecis WurebiTa~), es imisTvis, rom
`gardareuli igi ZlierebisaY iyos RvTisa da ara~
maTi (mux. 7). magram RvTis Zala aSkarad Cans am myife
WurWlebSi, romlebic bunebrivad rom vimsjeloT, unda
damsxvreuliyo yvela im Tavdasxmebis Sedegad, rac
maT Tavs gadaxdaT TavianTi msaxurebis Sesrulebisas.
`yovelsa Sina viWirviT, aramed ara iwroeba gKCns;
war-RaTu-wirul varT, aramed ara ganwiruleba
gKCns. devnul RaTu varT, aramed ara datevebul
varT; da-RaTu-vrdomil varT, aramed ara warwymedul varT. maradis sikudili igi uflisa iesusi
PorcTa Sina CuenTa gKtKrTavs, raYTa cxorebaYca
igi iesusi PorcTa amaT Sina CuenTa gamocxadnes~
(mux. 8-10), _ rogorc ewama TviT ufali, iseve ewamebian misi swavlebis mqadageblebic, magram rogorc masSi
sicocxlem sikvdilze izeima, aseve cocxlobs da moqmedebs es cxovelmyofeli Zala mociqulebSic, maTi
meSveobiT ki gadaecema yvela morwmunes. sikvdilis is
mudmivi safrTxe, romelic mociqulTa winaSe dgas, maT
ver aSinebs, radgan isini suliT gaZlierebulni arian
sayovelTao mkvdreTiT aRdgomis sasoebiT (mux. 11-15).
garda amisa, am xorciel satanjvels udidesi sarge------ 91 ------

beli moaqvs sulisTvis, rameTu `daRaTu gareSe ese
kaci Cueni ganixrwnebis, aramed Sinagani ganaxldebis dRiTi dRed~ (mux. 16-28).
mexuTe TavSi, agrZelebs ra sityvas, wminda mociquli ambobs, rom maT, saxarebis WeSmarit mqadageblebs,
sikvdili ar aSinebT, rom am miwieri `sxeulis sayofelis~ darRvevisTanave isini miiReben `RvTis mier aRSenebul saukuno xelTuqmnel saxls caTa Sina~ (Sdr. mux.
1). mociquli imasac ki ambobs, rom isini Tavadac `kvnesian~, radgan surT `sayofeli igi Cueni zeciT gamo
Semosad~, anu momavali uxrwneli da naTliTmosili sxeulis miReba (wminda ioane oqropiris sityvebiT). `romeli-igi Se-Tu-vimosoT, arRara SiSuel vipovneT~
_ mTavaria, ar aRmoCndnen keTil saqmeebsa da RvTis
didebas moklebulni (mux. 3). amis Semdeg mociquli ganmartavs, ra azriT aris sasurveli axlandeli sxeulis
ganZarcva: `da rameTu romelni-ese varT sayofelsa
amas Sina, vkunesiT da dagKmZimdebis~, ra Tqma unda,
xorcieli uZlurebisa da vnebebis tvirTqveS, romlisganac gaTavisuflebac ase gvwadia. araswori iqneboda
gvefiqra, TiTqos Cven savsebiT `ganZarcva~ gvsurs sxeulisa: àra gunebavs ganZarcuvad, aramed Semosad~
_ ase vTqvaT, gvsurs gadavicvaT uxrwneli da ukvdavi
sxeuli, `raYTa dainTqas mokudavi igi cxorebisagan~,
rameTu `Semqmnna Cuen amisTKs mebrve RmerTman~, ese
igi, uxrwneli da ukvdavi cxovrebisaTvis suliTa da
sxeuliT (mux. 4, 5).
Semdeg mociquli ganmartavs, rom igi Tavis samqadageblo moRvaweobas, romelsac Tan axlavs yovelnairi iwroeba da SeWirveba, aRwers ara Tavis Sesaqebad,
------ 92 ------
winaswari cnebebi
aramed imisaTvis, rom korinToelebs misces iaraRi maTi
damabrkolebeli cilismwameblebis winaaRmdeg, raTa
maT SesZlon, uTxran rame imaT `romelni-igi pirsa
winaSe xolo iqadian da ara guliTaca~ (mux. 6-12).
korinToelebSi SfoTis Semtanni, sxvaTa Soris, TavianTi avtoritetis ganmtkicebas imiTac cdilobdnen, rom
isini gankacebul qristes piradad icnobdnen da mosmenili hqondaT misi qadageba. mociquli iTvaliswinebs
amas da ambobs, rom mTavaria ara gankacebuli qristes
cnoba, aramed misi moZRvrebis sulismieri cxovreba.
qriste yvelasTvis mokvda da, Sesabamisad, yvela unda
mokvdes winandeli codvili cxovrebisaTvis da gaxdes
axali qmnileba qristes mier: `raY-igi ars qristes
mier axali dabadebuli; pirveli igi warPda, aha
esera iqmna yovelive axal~ (mux. 13-17). qristianobis
arsi _ es aris cxovrebis sruli ganaxleba ieso qristes
mier RmerTTan Serigebis gziT, xolo mociqulebi arian
`qristesTvis wargzavnilebi~ (`qristesTKs ukue vciquT~), romelnic qristes saxeliT iTxoven: `SeurigdiT
RmerTs~ (`daegeniT RmerTsa~) (mux. 18-21), romelmac
(mama RmerTma) `romelman-igi ara icoda codvaY~ (anu
ieso), `CuenTKs codvaY (codvisTvis msxverpli) qmna,
raYTa Cuen viqmnneT simarTle RvTisa mas Sina~.
meeqvse TavSi wminda pavle cxare pasuxs scems im
cilismwameblebs, romlebic cdilobdnen SeegonebinaT
korinToelTaTvis, rom TiTqos pavle mociqulis mier
gadatanili devnisa da siduxWiris mizezi mis pirad
naklovanebebSi mdgomareobda, ris gamoc is Turme ar
sargeblobda im xalxis pativiscemiTa da siyvaruliT,
romelTa Sorisac qadagebda da amiT, TiTqos, afer------ 93 ------

xebda saxarebis qadagebis warmatebas. pavle mociquli
ambobs, rodesac vqadagebT, rom amJamad àrs Jami
igi SewynarebisaY~ RmerTTan Serigebisa da `dRe igi
cxorebisaY~, `Cven aravis vabrkolebT, raTa ar igmos
Cveni msaxureba da yoveliveSi ise warmovadgenT Tavs,
rogorc RvTis msaxurni~ (mux. 6). Semdeg, mociquli
didi Sinagani ZaliT gamosaxavs Seusabamobis im mkafio
suraTs, rac arsebobs Tavis SeWirvebul da daTrgunul
mdgomareobasa, erTi mxriv, da im did Rvawls Soris,
meore mxriv, romelic itvirTa imis gamo, rom ar mieca
dabrkolebis rame sababi morwmuneebisTvis. am muxlebSi
_ 1-13 _ gamosaxulia qristianuli msaxurebis maRali
ideali, romelic movaleobis SesrulebisaTvis srul
TviTuaryofas moiTxovs; es aris mtkice da gardauxdomeli msaxureba, romelic devnilobasa da SeWirvebaSi
Zalebs ikrebs Tavisi saqmis samarTlianobis gacnobierebasa da RvTis yovladZlieri Sewevnis sasoebaSi.
gauxsna ra korinToelebs maT mimarT siyvaruliT
savse Tavisi guli, mociquli maT sapasuxo siyvarulisa
da misdami ndobisaken mouwodebs: `masve sasyidlis
kualad-gebasa, viTarca SvilTa getyK: ganvrceniT
Tquenca~ _ rogorc me Tqven miyvarxarT, Tqvenc msgavsi siyvaruliT ganewyveT Cemdami, rogorc sulieri
mamisadmi da sruli ndobiT miiReT Cemgan mowodebuli swavleba. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom winaswar uari
TqvaT warmarTebTan yovelgvar erTobaze: `raY ziarebaY ars naTlisa da bnelisa? anu raY Setyueba
ars qristesi beliaris Tana?~ amrigad: `gamovediT
Soris maTsa da gamoeSoreniT... da ara-wmidasa nu
SeexebiT~ (mux. 14-18).
------ 94 ------
winaswari cnebebi
meSvide TavSi wminda pavle agrZelebs igive saubars
da korinToelebs mouwodebs: `ganviwmidneT Tavni Cuenni yovlisagan Seginebisa PorcTaYsa da sulisa da
aRvasrulebdeT siwmidesa SiSiTa RvTisaYTa~ (mux.
1). amis Semdeg ki gamoxatavs tites dabrunebiTa da
mis mier korinToSi nanaxisa da gancdilis monaTxrobiT miRebul sixarulsa da nugeSs. mociquls imdenad
axarebs korinToelTa zneobis gamosworeba, rom mzad
aris yovelgvari mwuxareba daiviwyos (mux. 4-17). igi
srulebiTac ar nanobs, rom daamwuxra isini Tavisi pirveli epistoleTi, radgan RvTis gamo mwuxareba aramcTu saziano ar aris, aramed piriqiT, didi sulieri
sargeblis momtania, rameTu adamianSi sinanuls aRZravs:
`daRaTu Segawuxen Tquen wigniTa miT, ara vinani,
daRaTumca vinandi; vxedav, rameTu wignman man daRaTu Segawuxna Tquen, Jam erT. aw mixaris, ara
Tu romel SeswuxeniT, aramed rameTu SeswuxeniT
sinanulad; da rameTu RvTisaTKs SeswuxeniT, raYTa araraYT izRvineT Cuengan. rameTu RvTisa mieri
igi mwuxarebaY sinanulisa cxorebisasa Seunanebelsa
Seiqmns, xolo soflisa amis mwuxarebaY sikudilsa
Seiqms~ (mux. 8-10). mociqulis epistoleTi gamowveulma mwuxarebam korinToelebSi keTilmoqmedi zneobrivi
gadatrialeba gamoiwvia: maT gadawyvites, aRmoefxvraT
Tavis sazogadoebaSi arsebuli zneobrivi xarvezebi.
mociquls axarebs, rom korinToelebma misi ndoba gaamarTles, ar Searcxvines Tavisi moZRvari da rom mas
SeuZlia maTze dayrdnoba (mux. 11-16).
merve da mecxre Tavebi warmoadgens epistoles
wminda praqtikul nawils. maTSi wminda mociquli
------ 95 ------

korinToelebs aRZravs Sewirulobebis Sesagroveblad
gaWirvebaSi myofi ierusalimeli qristianebis sasargeblod. pavle mociquli amas akeTebs:
1) makedoniis eklesiebis magaliTebis moyvaniT, romlebic mdidarni ar iyvnen, magram gamoiCines didi guluxvoba (mux. 1-8);
2) ufal ieso qristes magaliTis SexsenebiT: `TquenTKs
daglaxakna mdidari igi, raYTa Tquen misiTa miT
siglaxakiTa ganhmdidrdeT~ (mux. 9);
3) agreTve imis SexsenebiT, rom jer kidev gasuli
wlidan korinToelebi Tavadac friad mondomebulni
iyvnen, daxmarebodnen Ratak Zmebs (mux. 10-12);
4) im azris miwodebiT, Tu raoden sasargebloa urTierT daxmareba, da rom Sewirulobis gaReba saWiroa
mxolod SeZlebisdagvarad, im Tanazomieri suliskveTebiT, romelic SeimCneoda israelianebSi udabnoSi mananis
Segrovebisas (mux. 13-15). wminda mociquli ambobs, rom
man ukve Seaqo korinToelebi maTi gulmowyalebisTvis
da axla maT hmarTebT am Seqebis gamarTleba, raTa amao
ar aRmoCndes. garda amisa, mociquli amowmebs mis mier
Semowirulobebis SemgrovebelTa srul sandoobas _ titesi da sxva Zmisa, romelic yvela eklesiaSia qebuli
saxarebis qadagebisTvis (mux. 16-24 da me-9 Tavis 1-5
muxlebi). mecxre Tavis meore naxevarSi wminda mociquli
Seagonebs, rom Sewirulobani unda gaiRon yovelgvari
dananebis gareSe, nebayoflobiT da guluxvad, rameTu
keTili nebiT gamovlenili siuxvis zomisamebr iZleva RmerTi Tavis mxriv kurTxevas: `romelman sTesos
ridobiT, ridobiTca moimkos, da romelman sTesos
kurTxeviT, kurTxeviTca moimkos~ (mux. 6), `mxiaru------ 96 ------
winaswari cnebebi
lebiT misacemeli uyuars ufalsa~ (mux. 7). RmerTi

ajildoebs imaT, vinc uxvad aniWebs sikeTes moyvasebs,
garda amisa, qristianuli qvelmoqmedeba imiTac aris
sasargeblo, rom mas moZraobaSi mohyavs qristianuli
sazogadoebis mTeli religiuri cxovreba da bevriT
ewevian eklesiis didebas (mux. 8-15).
meaTe, meTerTmete, meTormete da mecamete Tavis
1-10 muxlebi warmoadgens epistoles dacviT nawils.
aq mociquli kvlav gadadis Tavisi samociqulo Rirsebis
dacvaze im cilismwamebelTagan, romlebic korinToSi
masze cru xmebsa da azrs avrcelebdnen im mizniT, rom
korinToelTa TvalSi misi avtoritetis dacema gamoewviaT. epistoles es Tavebi tonis simkacriT mkveTrad
gansxvavdeba wina Tavebisagan. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom
isini dawerilia mociqulis mier im axali ciliswamebebis Sesaxeb cnobebis miRebis Semdeg, romlebic mis
Sesaxeb korinToelma crumoZRvrebma gaavrceles. xelmwifebrivi avtoriteti da siyvaruliT daTrgunuli mZvinvarebis grZnoba, epistoles am Tavebs gansakuTrebul
Zalasa da simZafres aniWebs.
wminda pavle mociqulis mowinaaRmdegeebma, sasayvedurod, sawyis punqtad, Semdegi garemoeba airCies. rogorc wminda Teofane dayudebuli ganmartavs, `wminda
pavle aRnagobiT ar gamoirCeoda da susti janmrTelobisa iyo. kerZo qadagebisas misi sityva siwynariTa da
mSvidi damajereblobiT gamoirCeoda. igi msmenelebs zecidan brZanebas ki ar gadascemda, aramed emudareboda,
erwmunaT jvarcmuli. xolo epistoleSi, rodesac morwmuneebs swerda, misi sityva mkacri da xelmwifebrivi
iyo. misi mowinaaRmdegeni am gansxvavebas CaeWidnen. isini
------ 97 ------

ambobdnen: `wignebi ese reca mZime da Zlier, xolo
moslva PorciTa uZlur, da sityuaY Seuracx~ (10,
1-10 muxlebi)~. ès ar iqneboda imdenad aRmaSfoTebeli,
_ ambobs episkoposi Teofane, _ magram amgvar gansxvavebas isini iseT axsnas aZlevdnen, rom zogierTebs
wminda pavle SeiZleba CaeTvalaT `xorcielad mavali~
(anu naklebsulierad, soflisaganad), es ki, Tavis mxriv, ndobas uryevda mis mier qadagebul moZRvrebas.
ai, ratomac wminda pavle mociqulma saWirod miiCnia,
mZafrad daecva Tavisi samociqulo avtoriteti~.
meaTe TavSi wminda pavle ambobs, rom igi pirispirac iseTive mkacria, _ roca amas saWiroeba moiTxovs, _
rogorc Tavis epistoleebSi da korinToelebs sTxovs,
rom ar aiZulon igi, gamoiyenos es simkacre, rodesac
maT ewveva (mux. 1-11). simkacris uflebas mas aZlevs
TviT misi samociqulo wodeba, romelsac igi icavs da
amas amtkicebs TviT RmerTisgan misTvis miniWebuli samqadageblo wilxvedrze miTiTebiT: àra romeli-igi
Tavsa TKssa ewamebodis, igi ars gamocdili, aramed
romelsa-igi ufali ewamos~ (mux. 12-18). mociqulis
mowinaaRmdegeni Tavad aqeben sakuTar Tavs, moaqvT ra
Tavi korinToSi mTavar moRvaweebad, da es mas Semdeg,
rac iq qristianoba pavle mociqulma danerga, wminda
pavle ki ùflisa mier iqadis~, ese igi, Tavis Tavs ki ar
aqebs, aramed RvTis Zalasa da niWs, romlebic mas svlad
da saqadageblad aRZraven.
meTerTmete TavSi wminda mociquli, romelsac mravali sabuTi mohyavs da miznad mxolod msmenelis cxonebas isaxavs, CamoTvlis yovelive imas, rac SeiZleba
mas damsaxurebad CaeTvalos da cilismwamebelTa sayve------ 98 ------
winaswari cnebebi
durebi aaridos. upirvelesad, igi xazs usvams sakuTar
uangarobas, rom is korinToelebs saxarebas uqadagebda
ùsasyidlod~, tvirTad aravis awveboda (mux. 1-10).
mociquli aqve ganmartavs, rom mas ar surda, rame materialuriT esargebla korinToelTagan, da es ara maTdami siyvarulis ukmarisobis mizeziT, aramed imitom, rom
ar surda damsgavseboda im `crumociqulebs~, romlebic maT fcqvnidnen da yvlefdnen. wminda pavle aseTebs
`TvalTmaqc muSakebs~ (`muSakni zakulni~) uwodebs
da ambobs, rom isini mxolod qristes mociqulTa niRabebs ifareben, sinamdvileSi ki mociqulebs ar warmoadgenen `da ara sakKrvel ars, rameTu TKT igica
eSmaki icvalvisve angelozad naTlisa~ (mux. 11-21).
amaod iqadian isini xorcieli upiratesobebiT, rameTu
msgavsi upiratesobebi wminda mociquls gacilebiT meti
aqvs; igi CamoTvlis yvela Tavis Rvawlsa da SeWirvebas,
romelTa gadatanac mas mouwia qristes saxarebis qadagebis gamo da romelTa mxolod nawilia mociqulTa
saqmis wignSi aRwerili. CamoTvlis ra yvela im devnasa
da satanjvels, rac ganicada, wminda mociquli mTel
Tavis Rvawls saRvTo madls miawers, sakuTar Tavs ki
_ mxolod uZlurebas: ùkueTu jer-ars siqaduli,
uZlurebisa Cemisasa viqadodi~ (mux. 22-30).
meTormete TavSi wminda pavle icavs Tavis samociqulo Rirsebas da amtkicebs amas Tavisi mesame camde
aRtacebiT, sadac man netari mdgomareoba ganicada da
eniT gamouTqmeli sityvebi moismina, romelTa gadmocemac adamianisTvis SeuZlebelia. mociquli aq Tavis
Tavze saubrobs mesame pirSi: `vici kaci~. wminda ioane
oqropiris ganmartebiT, wminda pavle mociquli amgva------ 99 ------

rad imitom saubrobs, `rom amiT aCvenos, Tu rogor
uxalisod udgeba saqmes~, anu, rarig usiamovnoa misTvis, ilaparakos sakuTari Tavis saqebrad da rom igi
amas hyveba mxolod iZulebiTi aucileblobidan gamomdinare, raTa cilismwameblebisgan daicvas Tavisi samociqulo Rirsebis amaRlebuloba. `mesame caSi~, netari
Teodorites ganmartebiT, unda vigulisxmoT samoTxe.
iyo es ùwinares aToTxmetisa wlisa~. Tuki epistole
dawerilia 58 wels, ese igi, xilva momxdara 44 wels,
rodesac wminda pavles da barnabas ierusalimSi Semowirulobani dahqondaT da Semdgom suliwmidis mier gamorCeul iqnen didi msaxurebisaTvis _ warmarTebisTvis
saxarebis saqadageblad (saqm. 13, 2, 3).
mociquli aqve dasZens, rom gansakuTrebuli gamocxadebebiT qedi rom ar amemaRlebina, gasafrTxileblad
`momeca me sawerteli PorcTaY-angeloz satan, raYTa damqenjnides me~. `Cveulebriv iTvleboda, _ ambobs
episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli, _ rom xorcis gamamwarebeli (`sawerteli PorcTaY~), aris raRac iseTi,
rac wminda pavles mWmunvarebaSi agdebda da mosvenebas ukargavda sxeulis mxridan da mdebareobda TviT
sxeulSi. xolo, axalma ganmmarteblebma miiCnies, rom
wminda pavle mociquli aq saubrobs xorcieli vnebis
moZraobaze. magram xorciel vnebaSi gansakuTrebuli
ra aris? mas yvela ganicdis, da ara mxolod uqorwinebelni, aramed daqorwinebulnic. wminda pavle ki
iseTnairad gamoxatavs, rom amiT gvagebinebs: mas mieca
raRac gansakuTrebuli brZola, rac yvelasaTvis saerTo ar iyo. amasTan, misTvis micemuli saZageli `kolafizi~ urtyams mas yvrimalebSi umowyalod, moqmedebs
------ 100 ------
winaswari cnebebi
sastikad; xorcieli vneba ki yvelaze mliqvneli da Sefaruli mteria, amitom am azris miReba ar SeiZleba.
Cveni ganmmarteblebi varaudoben, rom wminda pavle aq,
iseve, rogorc manamde, saubrobs garegan Wirze da saxarebis mterTa mxridan moZagebaze, romlebic satanis
iaraRebi arian~. wminda ioane oqropiri wminda mociqulis am sityvebs Semdegnairad ganmartavs: `RmerTma
ar ineba, rom Cveni qadageba Seuferxeblad gavrcelebuliyo, raTa daemdablebina Cveni maRali warmodgena
sakuTar Tavze. amitom dauSva Cvenze mowinaaRmdegeTa
Tavdasxma~. mtris am ciliswamebisagan iTxovda mociquli gaTavisuflebas `samgzis~, anu mravalgzis (wminda ioane oqropiris sityvebiT), magram gaigona uflis
Semdegi pasuxi: `kma ars Senda madli Cemi, rameTu
Zali Cemi uZlurebasa Sina srul iqmnebis~. sakmarisia
SenTvis, rom mkvdrebs aRadgineb, brmebs kurnav, keTrovnebs wmend da sxva saswaulebs aRasruleb. nu cdilob,
rom usafrTxod da uSiSrad icxovro da uzrunvelad
iqadago. magram Sen wuxxar da dardob? Cems uZlurebas
nu miawer imas, rom mravalni mzakvroben Sen winaaRmdeg, gjijgnian, gdevnian da Solts girtyamen. swored
es aCvenebs Cems Zalas. `rameTu Zali Cemi uZlurebasa
Sina srul iqmnebis~, anu, `rodesac Tqven, devnilebi,
mdevnelebze imarjvebT; rodesac Tqven, borkildadebulni, borkildamdeblebs srbad miaqcevT~ (wminda ioane oqropiri). amitomac ambobs amis Semdeg mociquli:
àmisTKs saTno-miCns uZlurebaTa Sina, ginebaTa,
WirTa, devnulebaTa da iwroebaTa qristesTKs, rameTu raJams mouZlurde, maSin ganvZlierdebi~, rameTu
maSin ufro metad moqmedebs saRvTo madli. dabolos,
------ 101 ------

Tavis samociqulo wodebas wminda pavle amtkicebs korinToSi Tavisi mociqulobis niSnebze miTiTebiT, romelnic sxvadasxva saxis saswaulebiTa da ZaliT gamoixata (mux. 1-13). dasasrul, wminda mociquli kvlav ambobs, rom rodesac igi korinToSi miva, maTgan arafriT
isargeblebs arc TviTon da arc misgan wargzavnili
tite. mociqulis mTavari mizani korinToelTa zneobis
gamosworebaa da misi sityvac swored amas emsaxureba.
mociquli SiSobs, rom maTTan misulma, vai Tu isini
gamousworebelni ixilos (mux. 14-21).
mecamete TavSi wminda pavle imuqreba, rom Tu igi
korinToelebs gamousworebel mdgomareobaSi Seaswrebs,
maSin maT mTeli simkacriT moepyroba: ùkueTu movide
kualad, arRaraY vhrido. vinaTgan gamocdasa eZiebT
missa, romeli-igi Cem mier ityKs qriste; romeli-igi
Tquenda mimarT ara uZlur ars, aramed Zlier Tquen
Soris~ (mux. 1-3).
wminda pavle, episkopos Teofane dayudebulis ganmartebiT, `TiTqosda maT eubneba: Tqven Tavad daayeneT
imgvarad sakiTxi, rom Tu ar gamoswordebiT, maSin me
iZulebuli gavxdebi ar dagindoT da gamoviyeno CemTvis mocemuli samociqulo xelmwifeba da CemSi moqmedi
qristes Zala. TqvenTan daiwyes Cem Sesaxeb saubari:
uZluria sxeuliT da mis sityvas Zala aRar aqvso. amiT
isini Cem mier qadagebul swavlebasac Seuracxyofen,
TiTqos is qristesi ar iyos. amrigad, raki TqvenTan
Cem Sesaxeb ase laparakoben, amitom, Tuki me TqvenTan
mTel samociqulo simkacres ar gamoviCen, maSin Tqvenc
am azrSi damkvidrdebiT, es ki udides zians miayenebs
saxarebis gavrcelebisa da Tqveni cxonebis saqmes. ase
------ 102 ------
winaswari cnebebi
rom, airCieT oridan erTi: an gamoswordiT an icodeT,
me ver dagindobT, CemTvis moniWebuli xelmwifebiT
movkveT urCebs eklesiidan, anda davsji pirdapir raime
sasjeliT, rogorc davsaje dabrmavebiT mogvi elimi
kviprosSi da maSin darwmundebiT, rom CemSi laparakobs
da moqmedebs ufali qriste~.
Semdeg, mociquli ambobs, rom Tavad qristec eCvenebodaT uZlurebas daqvemdebarebuli, rodesac jvars
acves, egonaT, rom mas aranairi Zala ar gaaCnda, magram
man mospo sikvdilis Zala da jojoxeTi gaanadgura,
mere ki didebiT aRdga. zustad aseve, Cvenc, rodesac
gvdevnian da Cven winaaRmdeg ilaSqreben, amiT ziani ar
gvadgeba, àramed vcxondeT mis Tana~, anu mtrebisgan
daumarcxebelni aRmovCndebiT `TqueniTurT~, Tqvenive
sulieri sargebelisTvis, Tqvenive cxonebisTvis (mux. 4).
wminda mociquli korinToelebs sTavazobs, ukeT gamoscadon da gamoikvlion sakuTari Tavi, arian Tu ara
rwmenaSi: `xolo vesav, viTarmed scnaT, rameTu Cuen
ara varT gamoucdel~ (mux. 5, 6). magram am simkacris
Semdeg igi aqve dasZens siyvaruliT da gulmowyalebiT
savse sityvebs: `xolo vilocav RvTisa mimarT, raYTa
araraY boroti giyos Tquen... da amisTKs amas SoriT
mivswer, raYTa mi-raY-vide, ara Tual-uxuavad viPumio Pelmwifebisa misebr, romel momca me ufalman
aRsaSenebelad da ara dasarRuevelad~ (mux. 7. 10).
mTeli epistoles daskvniT nawils Cven vpoulobT
mecamete Tavis me-11_me-13 muxlebSi. aq wminda pavle
Tavis korinToel sulier Svilebs usurvebs sixaruls,
srulyofas, mSvidobasa da erTazrovnebas, _ riTac SeZleben miizidon RmerTis siyvaruli da mSvidoba. amis
------ 103 ------

Semdeg igi mouwodebs maT moikiTxon urTierTi àmboris-yofiTa wmidiTa~ _ qristianuli Zmobis gamomxatveli wminda da wrfeli siyvaruliT, da Cveulebisamebr gadascems qristianebisgan (`wmidanTagan~) mokiTxvas, romelTa Soris TviTonacaa. epistole mTavrdeba
Cveuli samociqulo locviTi mokiTxviT, romelic Cven
axlac gvesmis mRvdlebisa da episkoposebisgan, rodesac
isini saRvTo liturgias aRasruleben: `madli uflisa
Cuenisa iesu qristesi, da siyuaruli RvTisa da mamisaY, da ziarebaY sulisa wmidisaY Tquen yovelTa
Tana. amin~.
------ 104 ------
winaswari cnebebi
epistole galateelTa mimarT

cnobebi galatead wodebuli qveynis Sesaxeb.
galateas uwodebdnen mcire aziis olqs, romelic mcire
aziis TiTqmis SuagulSi imyofeboda da CrdiloeTidan biTviniiT, paflagoniiTa da pontoTi iyo SemosazRvruli, xolo samxreTidan _ frigiiT, likaoniiTa da
kapadokiiT. es qveyana Tavidan berZnebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, magram qristes xorcielad Sobamde III saukuneSi
iq dasaxldnen Zveli galebi (erT-erTi kelturi tomi),
romlebic mdinare rainis napirebidan makedoniasa da saberZneTSi SeiWrnen, iqidan ki mcire aziaSic gadavidnen
(qristes xorcielad Sobamde 280 wels). maT am mxares
Tavisi saxeli _ galatea, anu galo-saberZneTi daarqves.
Cvens welTaRricxvamde (qristes xorcielad Sobamde)
189 wels, romis konsulma manliusma es qveyana romaelTa Zalauflebas daumorCila da iq sakuTari gamgebloba daamyara. Cveni welTaRricxviT 26 wels, avgustusma
galatea romis provinciad aqcia. adre meomari galebi,
aq dasaxlebis Semdeg, mSvidobian saqmianobas Seudgnen
da Tavisi nayofieri da ayvavebuli qveynis damuSaveba
daiwyes. isini TandaTan Seerivnen adgilobriv berZnebs
da maTi zne-Cveulebani da ena SeiTvises. galateas mdidari qveyana ebraelebsac izidavda, romlebic aleqsandre makedonelis droidan iZulebuli iyvnen, palestinidan sxva mxareebSi gadasaxlebuliyvnen. imperatorma avgustusma Tavisi gansakuTrebuli mfarvelobis qveS aiyvana galateaSi gadasaxlebuli ebraelebi, ris Sesaxebac
iudeveli istorikosi ioseb flaviosi gvauwyebs.
------ 105 ------

galateaSi qristianuli eklesiebis dafuZneba.
galateis qveynis qristes saxeliT ganaTlebis Sesaxeb pirveli cnobebi wminda mociqulTa saqmis wignSi
gvxvdeba _ wminda mociqul pavles meore samociqulo
mogzaurobis Sesaxeb monaTxrobis dasawyisSi. ixsenebs
ra uTanxmoebas, romlis gamoc wminda pavle mociquli
wminda barnabas ganSorda mociqulTa krebis Semdeg,
Tanamgzavrad Sila aiyvana da saxarebis qadagebiT siria
da kilikia gaiara, JamTaaRmwereli (mociqulTa saqmis
aRmweri) amis Semdeg gviyveba, rom gzad maT kidev
erTi axali Tanamgzavri _ timoTe SeuerTda da ambobs:
`da viTarca ganhvlides qalaqebsa mas, mowafeebTan
(wminda pavle da masTan misi mowafeni: Sila, luka
da timoTe), aswavebdes maT damarxvad moZRurebaTa maT, damtkicebulTa mociqulTagan da xucesTa,
romelni-igi iyvnes ierusalHms Sina. xolo eklesiani
igi ganmtkicnebodes sarwmunoebiTa da SeeZineboda
ricxusa mas dRiTi-dRed. da movles frigKaY da galateelTa sofeli da dayenebul iqmnes sulisa mier
wmidisa sityuad sityKsa mis asias Sina~ (saqm. 16,
4-6). eWvgareSea, rom swored am dros daafuZna eklesiebi wminda pavle mociqulma galateas mTavar qalaqebSi
_ ankviriaSi, pesinaSi, Tabiasa da gordiaSi. galateas
eklesiebi pavle mociqulis mier rom aris daarsebuli,
es aSkarad Cans TviT galateelTa mimarT epistoledan (1, 6-9; 4, 13). Tumca mociqulTa saqmis wigni amis
Sesaxeb aranair dawvrilebiT cnobebs ar gvawvdis, magram pavle mociqulis mesame samociqulo mogzaurobis aRwerisas, JamTaaRmwereli aRniSnavs, rom wminda
pavle mociquli `ganvida da mimovidoda SemdgomiTi------ 106 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Semdgomad galateelTa sofelsa da frigKaYssa da

ganamtkicebda yovelTa mowafeTa~ (saqm. 18, 23), _
sarwmunoebaSi ganmtkiceba ki mxolod imaT SeuZliaT,
vinc ukve moqceulia masze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqmeTa wigni galateelTa moqcevis garemoebebze aranair cnobebs ar gvawvdis, Cven
amis Sesaxeb garkveulwilad TviT galateelTa mimarT
epistoledan vigebT. rogorc me-4 Tavis me-13_me-15 muxlebidan Cans, wminda pavle mociquls galateaSi raRac
xorcieli sneuleba Seeyara. savaraudoa, rom swored
am sneulebam daayovna mociquli iq gansazRvrul droze met xans da aman galateelTaTvis damatebiTi madli
gamoiRo, radgan wminda mociquls saSualeba mieca, ise
cocxlad aRewera maTTvis ufali ieso qriste, rom isini TiTqos TvalnaTliv xedavdnen mas jvarze gakruls
(gal. 3, 1). amitom maT gansakuTrebuli mxurvalebiTa da
saocari moSurneobiT irwmunes da TviT mociqulic ise
miiRes, rogorc RvTis angelozi, rogorc ieso qriste,
da imdenad Seiyvares igi, rom mzad iyvnen sakuTari Tvalebic ki daeTxaraT da misTvis gaeRoT (gal. 4, 14-15).
epistoles daweris mizezi. galateelTa mimarT
epistoles daweris mizezi gaxda galateelTa eklesiaSi iudevel mwvalebelTa SeWra, romlebic galateelebs
STaagonebdnen, rom cxonebisaTvis aucilebeli iyo winadacveTa da ZvelaRTqmiseuli iudauri religiis sxva
wes-Cveulebebis dacva. Tavisi
mesame samociqulo mogzaurobisas wminda pavle mociquli galateelTa mxaridan efesoSi mivida (saqm. 19, 1). swored iq mouvida mas
xmebi im mRelvarebaTa Sesaxeb, romelic galateelTa
------ 107 ------

Soris iudevelma mwvaleblebma Seitanes. rogorc Cans,
es mwvaleblebi iq palestinidan mividnen, radgan adgilobrivi iudevelebi, warmarTebTan xangrZlivi Tanacxovrebis Sedegad, SeuZlebeli iyo, rom aseT fanatikur,
viwro-erovnul iudaur Tvalsazrisze mdgariyvnen. es
mwvaleblebi, romlebsac miaCndaT, rom iudauri wesCveulebani qristianobaSic unda SenarCunebuliyo, pavle mociqulis moZRvrebas, _ ZvelaRTqmiseuli rjulisgan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, _ mxolod warmarTTa
Soris siyvarulis mopovebis surviliT xsnidnen da amis
Sesaxeb Seaxsenebdnen, rom pavle mociquli samociqulo
msaxurebisTvis ieso qristes mier Tavis miwier cxovrebaSi ar yofila mowodebuli da arc _ misi saqmeebis
cocxali mowme da misi moZRvrebis msmeneli yofila.
wminda pavle mociquli didad gaakvirva am ambavma.
mas guli atkina iman, rom mravali galateeli daemoZRvra am ganmxrwnel qadagebas da gardaiqca `sxuad
saxarebad~ (gal. 1. 6), xolo misi pirovnebisadmi gulcivi gaxda. galateelTa aseTi moulodneli qarafSutobiTa da ganusjelobiT mowylulma wminda pavlem
maSinve gadawyvita miewera maTTvis epistole da dawera
kidec (Tanac, sakuTari xeliT, raTa gadawerebze dro
ar daekarga da misi namdvilobis Sesaxeb yovelgvari
eWvi moespo), sadac miuTiTa maT cdomilebebze da amxila maTi Semryvnelni (gal. 6, 11).
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. TviT epistoleSi aRiniSneba pavle mociqulis mier galateis pirveli
da meore monaxuleba (gal. 4, 13). xolo ramdenadac igi
gamoTqvams gakvirvebas, rom galateelni ase swrafad
------ 108 ------
winaswari cnebebi
miiqcnen im saxarebidan, romelsac qristes madliT eziarnen, `sxuad saxarebad~ (gal. 1, 6), es niSnavs, rom
epistole mociqulis mier galateas meored stumrobis
Semdeg maleve daiwera. amis Semdeg wminda pavle mociqulma efesoSi sam wels dahyo. aqedan cxadia, rom galateelTa mimarT epistole wminda pavle mociqulis mier
dawerilia misi mesame samociqulo mogzaurobisas, efesoSi yofnis wlebSi. wminda pavles sicocxlis wlebis
gamoTvliT, SeiZleba didi albaTobiT vivaraudoT, rom
es epistole qristes Semdgom 56 wels iyos dawerili.
epistoles Sinaarsi. galateelTa mimarT epistole
eqvs Tavs Seicavs. Tavisi Sinaarsis mTavari sagnis mixedviT, is Zalian hgavs romaelTa mimarT epistoles da
Tavidan bolomde aRmafrTovanebelia, romelic qristesadmi moSurneobiTa da galateelTadmi siyvaruliT aris
ganmsWvaluli. gonebisaTvis damajerebeli argumentebi
mudmivad gadajaWvulia gulisSemZvrel SegonebebTan.
mTeli epistoles ZiriTadi azri aris is, rom yvela
adamiani _ da ara mxolod iudevelebi _ uflis mier
aris mowodebuli mis mier daarsebul eklesiaSi da
isini eklesiaSi cxondebian ara moses rjulis wesebis
SesrulebiT, aramed ufali ieso qristes rwmeniT, rac
siyvarulis saqmeSi unda iyos gamoxatuli.
mTeli Sinaarsi epistolesi, SeiZleba, Semdeg nawilebad davyoT:
1) winasityvaoba, romelic Seicavs zedwarwerils,
misalmebas da Sesavals, romelSic wminda pavle mociquli ukve Tavisi epistoles ZiriTad azrebs gamokveTs
(1, 1-10);
------ 109 ------

2) dacviTi nawili, romelSic wminda pavle mociquli ganmartavs da amtkicebs Tavis samociqulo Rirsebas, romelic galateelTa TvalSi iudeveli crumoZRvrebis mier iyo Seryeuli (1, 11; 2, 1-21);
3) sarwmunoebiTi nawili, sadac wminda pavle mociquli mTeli sisavsiT acxadebs epistoles ZiriTad
Sinaarss _ Zveli da axali aRTqmis urTierTdamokidebulebas da imas, rom qriste-macxovris mosvlis Semdeg,
moses wes-CveulebiTma rjulma Tavisi Zala dakarga
(Tav. 3 da 4);
4) zneobiTi nawili, sadac gacxadebulia qristianuli cxovrebis sawyisebi ZvelaRTqmiseuli rjulisgan
Tavisuflebis pirobebSi (5; 6, 1-10).
5) daskvna, romelSic mocemulia swavleba winadacveTasTan damokidebulebisa da qristes jvris pativiscemis Sesaxeb da gadmocemulia Cveuli samociqulo kurTxeva (6, 11-18).
epistoles egzgetikuri garCeva. pirveli Tavi iwyeba zedwarweriTa da misalmebiT, romelsac axasiaTebs is,
rom ukve maTSi mociquli mTeli Tavisi epistoles ZiriTad debulebebs miuTiTebs: Tavisi samociqulo Rirsebis mtkicebulebebs da imas, Tu raSi mdgomareobs Cveni
cxoneba. `pavle mociquli ara kacTagan, arca kacTa
mier, aramed iesu qristes mier~. aq wminda pavle
xazs usvams Tavisi mociqulobis RvTivrCeulobas, _ misi
Rirsebis damcirebis mosurne iudevelebis sapirispirod.
damaxasiaTebelia mociqulTa misalmebis formac: `madli
Tquenda da mSKdobaY RvTisa mier mamisa da uflisa
Cuenisa iesu qristesa, romelman misca Tavi TKsi cod------ 110 ------
winaswari cnebebi
vaTa CuenTaTKs, raYTa ganmarinnes Cuen soflisa amis

borotisagan nebiTa RvTisa da mamisa CuenisaYTa, romlisaY ars didebaY ukuniTi ukunisamde. amin~. aq aRiniSneba, rom cxoneba qristeSia da ara ZvelaRTqmiseul
wes-CveulebiT rjulSi (mux. 1-5). misalmebisTanave mociquli gamoTqvams gakvirvebas _ WeSmariti moZRvrebisagan
galateelTa swrafi gandgomis gamo da mrisxane anaTemas
ugzavnis yvelas, vinc gabedavs da rame sxva moZRvrebas
iqadagebs, imisgan gansxvavebuls, rac man axara _ Tundac is iyos àngelozi zeciT~ (mux. 6-9). ai, sad aris
eklesiis mier mwvalebelTa mimarT anaTemis gamocxadebis
safuZveli. me-10 muxlSi wminda pavle uaryofs braldebas, TiTqosda, igi ar aris WeSmariti mociquli da raTa
warmarTTa keTilganwyoba moipovos, maT moses rjulis
Sesrulebisagan aTavisuflebs: `rameTu ukueTumca kacTaRa saTno-veyofvode, qristes monamca ara viyav~.
me-11 muxlidan iwyeba epistoles dacviTi nawili.
crumoZRvrebi wminda pavles akninebdnen da ambobdnen,
rom mas arasodes uxilavs ufali ieso qriste, saxarebiseuli moZRvreba ki sxva mociqulTagan iswavla;
xolo Semdeg, TiTqos, ganudga maT da moses rjulis
arasaWiroebis Sesaxeb Tavisi sakuTari swavleba Camoayaliba, magram maTgan Tavisi gandgomisa da uTanxmoebis dafarvis mizniT, igi sxva mociqulebTan yofnisas,
TiTqos, gangeb maTsaviT laparakobda da moqmedebda.
Tavisi samociqulo Rirsebis cilismwamebelTagan dacvisas, wminda pavle, upirveles yovlisa, Tavisi saxarebiseuli mowodebis ara kacobriv, aramed RvTaebriv warmomavlobas acxadebs da amtkicebs, rom man is iswavla
`gamocxadebiTa iesu qristesiTa~, ese igi, uSualod
------ 111 ------

uflisgan, romelic mas gamoecxada. Semdeg igi sTavazobs galateelebs, rom RmerTis neba dainaxon im gansacvifrebel cvlilebebSi, rac masSi moxda da yveba,
Tu RvTis eklesiis sastiki mdevnelidan rogor gadaiqca
igi mis mier adre devnili qristes sarwmunoebis mqadageblad (mux. 11-24). am avtobiografiul striqonebSi
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania sityvebi: `meyseulad ara
vauwye igi PorcTa da sisxlTa~, anu adamianebs, am
SemTxvevaSi unda vivaraudoT _ mociqulebs, da àrca
aRved ierusalHmd maTda, romelni-igi iyvnes uwinares Cemsa mociqulni, aramed mived arabiad~, sadac
Cans, rom wminda pavle TviT uflis mier iyo ganswavluli qristianuli moZRvrebis yvela saidumloSi mravalgzisi gamocxadebiT, rac SegviZlia davinaxoT efesoelTa
mimarT epistoledan (3, 3). mxolod sami wlis Semdeg
avida wminda pavle ierusalimSi `xilvad petresa~, _
mxolod sanaxavad anu gasacnobad cnobil mociqulTan
da ara misgan gansaswavlad. ierusalimSi wminda pavlem
mxolod àTxuTmet dRe~ dahyo, romlis ganmavlobaSic mas mociqulTagan aravin uxilavs, `garna iakob,
ZmaY uflisaY~. yovelive amas wminda pavle aRniSnavs,
raTa gvaCvenos, rom saxarebiseuli moZRvrebis codna
mas sxva mociqulTagan ar SeuTvisebia. `da romelsaese mivswer Tquenda, aha esera winaSe uflisa, rameTu ara vtyuvi~ _ am sityvebSi Cven vxedavT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ficis kanonierebis axal dadasturebas.
Semdeg mociquli ambobs: `da merme moved adgilTa
maT asureTisa da kilikiaYsaTa~. es niSnavs, rom kvlav
ver Sexvdeboda mociqulebs, romelnic am dros palestinaSi qadagebdnen, da rom iudeis eklesiebi mas pira------ 112 ------
winaswari cnebebi
dad ar icnobdnen. mociqulis sityvebis mizani igivea:
`petresgan ar miswavlia, is mxolod vnaxe, _ TiTqosda
ase ambobda mociquli _ iakobisgan ar miswavlia, isic
mxolod da mxolod vnaxe, maTze dabla mdgomTaganac
(arcTu cnobil pirTagan) ar miswavlia. gana SeiZleba,
meswavla imaTgan, visac Cemi saxe arc ki unaxavs?~
meore Tavi aris mociqulis imave dacviTi sityvis
gagrZeleba. mis pirvel 10 muxlSi wminda pavle yveba,
rom igi `gamocxadebiT~ avida ierusalimSi samociqulo
krebaze. swored iq daadgines, rom qristianebisTvis moses rjulis wes-Cveulebebis dacva aucileblobas ar
warmoadgenda. pavle iq Tavis mowafesTan _ monaTlul,
magram ara winadacveTil titesTan erTad avida da mociqulebma mas winadacveTa ar aiZules. pavles keTiluwyebam (saxarebam) krebaze uxuces mociqulTa sruli
mxardaWera daimsaxura. maT aRiares, rom pavles mindobili aqvs saxareba winadaucvelTaTvis, rogorc petres
_ winadacveTilTaTvis. sruli Tanxmobis niSnad, iakobma, kefam da ioanem, `romelni-igi hgonebdes suetad
TavTa TKsTa~, marjvena gauwodes wminda pavles da
barnabas. am sityvebs wminda ioane oqropiri Semdegnairad ganmartavs: `qadagebis saqmeSi, _ ambobs wminda
pavle, _ Cven mTeli qveyniereba gaviyaviT: me warmarTebi
aviyvane, maT ki iudevelebi, rameTu ase iyo RvTisaTvis
saTno; Ratak iudevelebze mzrunvelobaSi ki me maT vexmarebodi~. morwmune iudevelTagan mravali iyo iseTi,
romlebmac yvelaferi dakarges, rac hqondaT da yvelgan
devnas ganicdidnen urwmunoTa mxridan. maTze wminda
pavle gansakuTrebiT zrunavda da morwmune warmarTTa
Soris maTTvis mowyalebas agrovebda (mux. 1-10).
------ 113 ------

Semdeg mociquli Tavisi sarwmunoebis simtkiceze
miuTiTebs, maSin roca sxva mociqulebi (petre da barnaba), iudevelTa mimarT moridebis gamo, daTmobaze midiodnen: Tavs aridebdnen warmarTebs da maTTan erTad
ar Wamdnen. me-11_21-e muxlebSi wminda pavle aRwers,
raoden kadnierad aRudga win amaSi petres da is yvelas
winaSe amxila. es niSandoblivi SemTxveva TvalnaTliv
amowmobs pavlesa da petres Tanabaruflebianobas da
uaryofs mociqulTa Soris petres viTomda meTaurobis
Sesaxeb romael-kaTolikeTa cru dogmats. wminda pavle,
ra Tqma unda, `qristes nacvals~* mxilebas ver gaubedavda da Tanac `yvelas winaSe~.
mas Semdeg, rac galateelebs petres mxilebis Sesaxeb mouyva (mux. 11-14), wminda pavle maSinve SeumCnevlad gadavida Tavisi epistoles ZiriTad saganze: àra
ganmarTldebis kaci saqmeTagan SjulisaTa, garna
sarwmunoebiTa iesu qristesiTa rameTu saqmeTagan SjulisaTa ara ganmarTldes yoveli Porcieli~
(mux. 16). es sityvebi gansakuTrebiT uyvarT seqtantebs, romelnic masSi cxonebisTvis keTil saqmeTa mniSvnelobis uaryofas xedaven. magram xom naTelia, rom
aq saubari ar aris `keTil saqmeebze~, aramed `moses
rjulis ZvelaRTqmiseul saqmeebze~, romelmac qristes
mosvliT Tavisi mniSvneloba dakarga, rac sabolood
dadginda mociqulTa krebaze ierusalimSi, romelic
* kaTolikuri eklesiis swavlebis mixedviT, petre mociquli da misi
memkvidre romis papebi aRiarebulni arian dedamiwaze `qristes
nacvlebad~. dRemde romis papebis oficialur titulSi naxsenebia `Vicarius Christi~ _ qristes nacvali (redaq.)
------ 114 ------
winaswari cnebebi
qristes xorcielad Sobidan 50 wels gaimarTa. Semdgom, me-17 muxlSi, mociquli ambobs, rom ZvelaRTqmiseuli rjulis dacvis moTxovna qristianTagan niSnavs,
rom TviT qriste iribad davadanaSauloT codvaSi: àw
ukue qriste codvisa-me msaxur iqmna?~ _ nuTu man
codvaSi Segviyvana Tavisi moZRvrebiT, romelic Cven
mTel msoflios vamcneT? ra Tqma unda, ara. Tuki moses
rjuliT ganmarTldebodnen kacni, maSin qristes vnebisa
da jvarze sikvdilis saWiroeba aRar iqneboda: `qriste
same cudad mokuda?~ (mux. 21). me-19_me-20 muxlebSi
mociquli gviCvenebs, Tu raoden SemarTebiT unda mivatovoT ZvelaRTqmiseuli rjuli, raTa mTeli Cveni arsebiT mivekraT ufal macxovars, mis Tana jvars vecvaT,
raTa mxolod misTvis da misiT vicxovroT: `rameTu me
SjulisaTKs SjuliTa movkued, raYTa RvTisa vcxovnde. qristes Tana juar-cumul var. xolo cxovel
arRara me var, aramed cxovel ars Cem Tana qriste.
xolo romel-ese aw cxovel var PorciTa, sarwmunoebiTa cxovel var Zisa RvTisaYTa, romelman Semiyuara me da misca Tavi TKsi CemTKs~.
mesame Tavidan iwyeba epistoles sarwmunoebiTi
nawili. is meoTxe TavSic grZeldeba da mexuTe Tavis
me-12 muxlSi mTavrdeba. am nawilis zogadi azri SeiZleba gamovxatoT wminda ioane oqropiris sityvebiT:
`zemoT (ese igi, pirvel, dacviT nawilSi) wminda pavle
mxolod imas gviCvenebs, rom igi kacTagan da kacTa mier
ar gamxdara mociquli da rom mociqulTagan swavlis
saWiroeba mas ar hqonia; aq ki, mas Semdeg, rac Tavi moZRvrobis Rirsad warmoaCina, ukve xelmwifebiT laparakobs da erTmaneTTan adarebs rjulsa da sarwmunoe------ 115 ------

bas~. mociqulis mier galateelTaTvis axsnili sagnis
arsi aris is, rom maT, rogorc warmarTebs, rjulis
saWiroeba ar aqvT.
mesame TavSi wminda pavle Tavidan galateelTaTvis
rjulis araaucileblobaze wers: amis pirvel mtkicebulebad mas mohyavs TvalnaTeli magaliTi TviT galateelebisa, romelTac suliwmida da saswaulTmoqmedebis
madlmosili niWi miiRes (mux. 1-5); rjulis arasaWiroebis
meore mtkicebuleba wminda pavles mohyavs gamarTlebis
meTodidan, rogorc TviT abraamisa (romelic yvela gamarTlebulis mamamTavaria), aseve _ abraamis aRTqmis yvela
memkvidrisa: àbrahams hrwmena RmerTi da Seeracxa
mas simarTled~. aqedan cxadia, rom àw ukue sarwmunoebisaganni igi ikurTxevian morwmunisa mis abrahamis Tana~ (mux. 6-9). mesame mtkicebuleba wminda pavles
rjulis yvela ganwesebis Sesrulebisa da misi wyevlisagan Tavis aridebis SeuZleblobidan gamohyavs: `raodenni-igi saqmeTagan SjulisaTa arian, wyevasa queSe arian~. ratom aris ase? mociquli amas meore rjulis
wignis 27-e Tavis 26-e muxlze dayrdnobiT ganmartavs:
`wyeul iyavn yoveli, romeli ara daadgres yovelsa
werilsa wignisa amis Sjulisasa yofad misa~. Tavdapirveli ganwesebiT, rjuls RvTis winaSe gamarTlebis
Zala ar hqonda, rac cxadia iqidan, rom TviT rjulSi
weria: `marTali sarwmunoebiTa cxondes~ (abak. 2, 4).
amitom, Tuki mainc arsebobdnen marTalni Zvel aRTqmaSi, es mxolod isini iyvnen, visac swamda momavali
kacTa gamomxsneli da misi gamomsyidvelobiTi msxverpli,
romliskenac winasaxeobiTad mimarTavda rjuli Tavisi
ZvelaRTqmiseuli msaxurebis yvela grZnobasa da azrs.
------ 116 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mxolod qristem gaaTavisufla wyevlisagan yvela, visac
igi amZimebda rjulis Seusruleblobis gamo: `qristeman Cuen mogKyidna wyevisa misgan Sjulisa da iqmna
CuenTKs wyevasa queSe. rameTu weril ars: wyeul
iyavn yoveli, romeli damoekidos Zelsa~. es sityvebi
ikiTxeba wirvaze samociqulos kiTxvisas didi SabaTis
ciskarze da uflis mier aRsrulebuli kacobriobis
gamosyidvis Rvawlis azrsa da Sinaarss gvixsnis. `wyeul iyavn yoveli, romeli damoekidos Zelsa~ _ meore
Sjulis wignis sityvebia (21, 23). ìmitom ki ar aris
wyeuli, _ gvixsnis netari ieronime, _ rom Zelze hkidia,
aramed imitom, rom iseT mZime codvaSi Cavarda, rom
Camokideba daimsaxura~; `rogorc yovelives Zvel aRTqmaSi winasaxiTi mniSvneloba aqvs, iseve am dadgenilebasac, _ damnaSaveTa Camokidebisa da dasamarxad saRamos
maTi Camoxsnis Sesaxeb, _ macxovris jvarze sikvdilis
winasaxiTi mniSvneloba hqonda. isic Zelze Camohkides,
saRamos ki Camoxsnes~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli).
qristem Tavis Tavze miiRo wyevla, romelic kacobriobas amZimebda da gaanadgura igi. `qriste ise moiqca,
rogorc mavani, vinc sasjels ar eqvemdebareba, gadawyvets, rom sikvdilmisjilis nacvlad mokvdes da amiT
mas sikvdilisgan ixsnis: miiRo ra Tavis Tavze wyevla, man
kacTa modgma wyevlisgan gamoixsna~ (episkoposi Teofane
dayudebuli). es qristem imisTvis gaakeTa, `raYTa warmarTTa mimarT kurTxevaY igi abrahamisi iyos qriste
iesuYs mier, raYTa aRTqumaY igi sulisaY moviRoT
sarwmunoebiTa~ (mux. 10-14).
mesame Tavis meore naxevari Seicavs sarwmunoebis
gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis (rjulze aRmatebulis)
------ 117 ------

winaaRmdeg warmarTebSi gaCenili azris uaryofas (mux.
15-29). aq mociquli fantavs im eWvebs, romelic SeiZleba
ebrael qristianebs gasCenodaT imis Sesaxeb, rom, xom ar
auqmebs qristes mcnebebi abraamisTvis micemul aRTqmas,
romelic mas misi sarwmunoebis gamo mieca da, saerTod,
ratom miecaT rjuli? mociquli ganmartavs, rom `Sjuli~ SemdegSi miecaT, `danaSaulis mizeziT, danaSaulis
aRsakveTad, raTa eri SiSSi yofiliyo, biwierebas ar
miscemoda, marTlad ecxovra da Rirsi yofiliyo imisa, rom Tavis TavSi aRTqmuli gamoevlina~ (episkoposi
Teofane dayudebuli); imis gamo, rom iudevelebs SiSis
gareSe ar ecxovraT da ukidures uwesobamde ar daSvebuliyvnen, miecaT maT rjuli lagamis nacvlad, gansaswavlad, dasamdableblad da Tu yvela mcnebis ara,
zogierTi maTganis darRvevisagan Tavis Sesakaveblad.
amitom cota sargebeli rodia rjulisgan. rjuli
mocemulia, `vidremdis movides naTesavi igi~, amiT
rjulis droebiToba da misi warmavali mniSvnelobaa
miTiTebuli. `Tuki rjuli mxolod qristes mosvlamdea
mocemuli, _ ambobs wminda ioane oqropiri mociqulis
saxeliT, _ maS, ratomRa agrZeleb mas, am drois farglebs iqiT?~ rjulis mniSvneloba imaSi mdgomareobda, rom ìgi mzardul gueqmna Cuen qristes mimarT,
raYTa sarwmunoebiTa ganvmarTldeT~ (mux. 24). ese
igi, is mxolod gvzrdida, qristes moZRvrebis misaRebad gvamzadebda. `xolo mo-raY-iwia sarwmunoebaY,
arRara mzardulTa queSe varT~ (mux. 25), _ Cevni
ganmamarTlebeli sarwmunoebis mosvliT ki, is saWiro
aRar aris. `rameTu yovelni Svilni RvTisani xarT
sarwmunoebiTa qriste iesuYsiTa, rameTu raodenTa
------ 118 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mimarT naTel-iReT, qriste SeimoseT~ (mux. 26-27).

qristes sarwmunoeba adamianebs im ubiwo bavSvobasTan
abrunebs, rodesac isini Tavisuflad aRasruleben Tavisi zecieri mamis nebas da ar aris am dros saWiro,
rom isini mkacri discipliniT SeizRudon. swored RvTis am SvilobaSia Cadebuli rjulis, rogorc Semakavebeli sawyisis arasaWiroeba: qristianebi, rogorc RvTis
Svilebi, Tavisufalni arian yovelive formaluri wesebisa da moTxovnebisagan, rameTu isini `yovelni erT
arian qriste iesuYs mimarT~, `qriste Seimoses~ da
raime iZulebis saWiroeba aRar aqvT. àra ars huriaeba,
arca warmarTeba; ara ars moneba, arca aznaureba;
ara ars rCeva mamakacisa, arca dedakacisa, rameTu
Tquen yovelni erT xarT qriste iesuis mier~ (mux.
28). qristes sulier SvilTa saxiT, romelnic abraamis
memkvidreni arian, qristianebi abraamis WeSmariti memkvidreni arian da amitom im kurTxevasa da gamarTlebas
daimkvidreben, romelic abraams aReTqva (mux. 29).
meoTxe Tavi Seicavs galateelebisadmi Segonebas, rom
miiRon rjulis arasaWiroebis Sesaxeb damtkicebuli WeSmariteba da Tavi aRar SeizRudon ZvelaRTqmiseuli wesCeulebebiT. es Segonebebi ZiriTadad miemarTeba: 1) gonebas
(4, 1-10), 2) guls (4, 11-20), 3) nebas (4, 21-31; 5, 1-12).
àraferi ise ar arwmunebs gonebas, uari Tqvas Tavis
azrebze, rogorc maTi uazrobamde dayvana~, _ ambobs
episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli. amasve akeTebs wminda pavle. igi miuTiTebs, Tu raoden ugunurebaa, rom
gazrdilma Zem Tavisi ZiZebis mfarvelobiTa da xelmZRvanelobiT icxovros. aseve Cvenc, garkveuli droiT
rjulis meTvalyureobis qveS viyaviT, magram dasrul------ 119 ------

da es dro: `xolo odes moiwia aRsasruli JamTaY,
moavlina RmerTman Ze TKsi (mxolodSobili)~ da mis
mier mogvaniWa zrdasrul ZeTa sruli uflebebi. raoden
uazroba iqneba, rom axla Tavi davuxaroT rjuls da
monebTan erTad viyoT, roca Cven ukve Svilni varT,
`xolo ukueTu Svil, mkKdrca RvTisa qristes mier~.
me-4_me-7 muxlebi, RvTis mier Tavisi mxolodSobili Zis
warmogzavnis Sesaxeb, warmoadgens samociqulos sakiTxavs qristesSobis dResaswaulis wirvaze. am SegonebiT
mimarTavs iudevelebs wminda mociquli (mux. 1-7) da Semdeg warmarTebTan gadadis. warmarTebs SeeZloT, eTqvaT:
`maS, ratom iyo, rom adre iudevelobaze mogvaqcevdnen xolme da srul axloblobas mxolod im CvenganTan
amyarebdnen, vinc mTlianad emorCileboda rjuls?~ _
`maSin sxvagvarad iyo saqme~, _ pasuxobs maT mociquli:
`maSin iudeveloba dedamiwaze erTi WeSmariti religia
iyo da Tqven kargad iqceodiT, roca mas iRebdiT. axla
ki, roca RmerTma rjulis gareSe SegiTvisaT, rjulis
uZluri stiqiebisaken Tqvens miqcevas aranairi azri ara
aqvs~. (4, 8-10-ze episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). radgan guls SeuZlia gonebis yvela argumentis winaaRmdeg
wavides, amitom wminda mociquli saWirod miiCnevs, Tavisi Segoneba galateelTa gulebs mimarTos. es muxlebi _
me-11_me-20, yvelaze gulisSemZvrelia mTel epistoleSi.
mociquli Seaxsenebs galateelebs, Tu rogor mgznebard
miiRes maT misi qadageba, rogori siyvaruliT aenTnen mis
mimarT da nuTu yovelive amis Semdeg misi qadageba amao
aRmoCnda? ès mamobrivi xmaa, _ ambobs netari Teodorite, _ damaxasiaTebeli imisTvis, visac axsovs Tavisi Sroma da vinc ver xedavs am Sromis nayofs~. mociquli faq------ 120 ------
winaswari cnebebi
izad sayvedurobs galateelebs mis mimarT grZnobaTa da
damokidebulebaTa cvlilebebis gamo da mouwodebs maT,
gansajon, Tu sad imaleba am cvlilebis mizezi da TviTon miuTiTebs amis mizezad axal moZRvrebs, romelnic
`geSurobda Tquen ara keTilisaTKs~, aramed, mxolod,
TavianTi pativmoyvareobisaTvis. galateelTadmi mociqulis mamobriv siyvaruls Cven qvemoT moyvanil amaRelvebel RaRadisSi vxedavT: `Svilno Cemno, romelTaTKs
kualad melmis, vidremde gamoixatos qriste Tquen
Soris~ (mux. 19). iudevelobaze midrekiT, galateelebma
erTgvarad SebRales Tavis gulSi qristes xateba da
amitom wminda pavle mkveTrad gamoxatuli mamobrivi siyvaruliT moSurneobs maTSi qristes am xatebis aRdgenaze.
`xedav mamobriv siyvaruls da mociqulisTvis Sesaferis
mwuxarebas? gesmis RaRadisi, ufro mware, vidre mSobiares RaRadisia?~ _ ambobs wminda ioane oqropiri pavles
am SeZaxilis Sesaxeb. `xolo minda mislvad Tquenda da
aw da cvalebad PmaY Cemi, rameTu gankKrvebul var me
TquenTKs~, _ anu Sevcvalo imis mixedviT, rasac vixilavdi sakuTari TvalebiT (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli) an `gardavaqcio mwuxared da davRvaro cremlebi
da Tqven yvelani gaiZuloT, rom itiroT (4, 20-ze wminda
ioane oqropiri).
`gonebasa da grZnobas, _ episkopos Teofane dayudebulis sityvebiT, _ roca WeSmaritebis mxareze gadadian,
Tan nebac mihyavT magram, mas SeuZlia dayovndes, gadados Tavisi gadawyvetileba~. ai, ratomaa, rom wminda
pavle SemdgomSi cdilobs, uSualod galateelTa nebaze imoqmedos, aCvenebs, Tu raoden sasaxeloa rjulisagan Tavisuflad yofna (4, 21-31; 5, 1). amas igi
------ 121 ------

acxadebs ori aRTqmis winasaxeebiT agarisa da saras istoriidan: àbrahams or Ze esxnes: erTi (ismaeli) mPevlisagan (agarisagan), da erTi (isaaki) aznaurisagan
(sarasgan) romeli-igi ars igavad, rameTu eseni arian orni Sjulni~ (4, 22-24). agari iyo Zveli aRTqmisa
da moses rjulis winasaxe, romelic codvisagan srul
Tavisuflebas ar iZleoda, amyofebda codvis monobaSi,
sara ki axali aRTqmis rjuls warmosaxavs, romelic
srul gamarTlebas da codvisagan gaTavisuflebas gvaZlevs. àramed viTarca-igi maSin Porcielad Sobili
igi sdevnida suliersa mas, egreTca aw~, anu rogorc
ismaeli sdevnida isaaks, aseve axlac, moses rjulis
ugunuri mimdevarni qristianebs devnian. magram, werili ambobs: `ganaZe mPevali ege da Ze magisi~, aseve,
Cvenc unda davemSvidoboT ZvelaRTqmiseul rjuls,
raTa CvenTvis moniWebul samkvidrebelSi SevideT, rameTu Cven, qristianeni, mxevlis (monis) ki ara, aznauris
(Tavisufalis) Svilebi varT (mux. 25-31 muxli).
mexuTe TavSi wminda pavle mociquli mouwodebs
qristianebs, mtkiced epyraT qristesgan moniWebuli
Tavisufleba da moses rjulis monobis uRels aRar
daubrundnen. `rameTu qriste iesuYs mier arca winadacueTilebaY ras SemZlebel ars, arca winadaucueTelebaY, aramed sarwmunoebaY, siyuarulisagan
Sewevnuli~ (mux. 1-6). am Tavidan iwyeba epistoles
zneobiTi nawili, romelic mTavrdeba Semdegi Tavis
me-10 muxlSi.
mociqulis mTeli zneobiTi moZRvrebis ZiriTadi
azri, _ romelic zemoT moyvanil qristianul TavisuflebasTan aris dakavSirebuli, _ gamoxatulia 13-14
------ 122 ------
winaswari cnebebi
muxlebSi: `rameTu Tquen aznaurebasa Cinebul xarT,
Zmano; garna xolo aznaurebaY ege nu mizezad PorcTa,
aramed siyuarulisa misTKs hmonebdiT urTierTars.
rameTu yoveli Sjuli erTiTa sityKTa aResrulebis:
Seiyuaro moyuasi Seni, viTarca Tavi TKsi~. ratom
ar moixsenia aq mociqulma RvTis siyvaruli, rogorc
pirveli da yvelaze didi mcneba Tavad ufal ieso
qristes sityvebisamebr? (maT. 22, 36-38). aSkarad imitom, rom mas azrad hqonda, ganekurna galateelTa erTmaneTis mimarT Sesustebuli siyvaruli, xolo moyvasis
WeSmariti siyvaruli TavisTavad yovelTvis gulisxmobs
adamianSi RvTis siyvarulis arsebobas. suliT Tavisufali cxovreba niSnavs codvis saqmeTagan ganrinebas,
rogoricaa: siZva, mruSoba, mtroba, Cxubi, Suri, siZulvili, mkvleloba, loToba da sxva; da piriqiT _ sakuTar TavSi sulis nayofierebis: siyvarulis, sixarulis,
mSvidobis, sulgrZelobis, saxierebis, mowyalebis, sarwmunoebis, simdablis, TavSekavebis aRzrdas. mociquli
aRniSnavs, rom qristianuli zneobrivi cxovreba iolad
ar gveZleva, rom is brZolaa _ samkvdro-sasicocxlo
brZola. es TviTjvarcmaa, romlis Sesaxeb azri cxadad
aris gamoxatuli Semdeg sityvebSi: `xolo qristesTa
maT Porcni TKsni juars-acunes vnebiTurT da gulis TqumiT~ (mux. 24). xorcis es jvarcma savsebiT
aucilebelia yvelasTvis, visac sulieri cxovreba surs
`rameTu PorcTa guli uTquams sulisaTKs da sulsa
_ PorcTaTKs; da eseni mPdom arian urTierTars~*
* xorcs surs sulis sawinaaRmdego, suls _ xorcis sawinaaRmdego;
isini erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegebian
------ 123 ------

(mux. 17). amitom, Tu Cven gadavwyvetT `suliT cxovrebas~, maSin `suliTaca vegneT~* (mux. 25).
meeqvse TavSi wminda mociquli zneobiTi xasiaTis
Segonebebs aZlevs srulyofilebs da SeiZleba vifiqroT
_ eklesiis winamZRolebs. is Seagonebs maT, rom Semcodeni gamoasworon `suliTa miT mSKdobisaYTa~, ar
iampartavnon da ar iqedmaRlon, TiTqos rames warmoadgendnen, aramed didi sifrTxiliT, rom Tavadac
ar Cavardnen imave codvaSi, rameTu RmerTi, xSirad,
sxva codvilebis mimarT ampartavnebisa da umowyalobisaTvis, codvaSi Cavardnas uSvebs simdableSi mosayvanad (mux. 1-3). ùrTierTas simZime itKrTeT da esreT aRasruleT Sjuli igi qristesi~ (mux. 2), _ ai,
qristianuli siyvarulis mcneba! Seususteblad sikeTis
keTebisaTvis uZlieres aRmZvrel motivad mociquli RvTis yovlismcodneobas asaxelebs: `nu scTebiT, RmerTi
ara Seuracx-iqmnebis~ da im saboloo angariSgebas,
romelic TiToeul Cvengans elis am miwieri cxovrebis
dasasruls: `rameTu raY-ca-igi sTesos kacman, igica
moimkos~ (mux. 7-8). ar unda mogvbezrdes keTili saqmis
keTeba, piriqiT, unda viswrafvoT rac SeiZleba meti
sikeTe vakeToT, `vidre Jami guaqus-Ra~, sanam droa,
sanam sikvdili ar gvwvevia.
epistoles daskvniT nawils Seadgens me-6 Tavis me11_me-18 muxlebi. mociquli aq aRniSnavs galateelebis
mimarT Tavis gansakuTrebul mzrunvelobas da am TvalsazrisiT SeniSnavs, rom es epistole man sakuTari xeliT dawera (mux. 11), maSin, roca igi amas, Cveulebriv,
* sulismier unda vimoqmedoT
------ 124 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mweralTa saSualebiT akeTebda (rom. 16, 22). Semdeg
igi miuTiTebs Tavisi moqmedebis aRmZvreli motivaciis
siwmindeze, im crumoZRvarTa motivaciisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebic galateelebs winadacveTas aiZulebdnen
mxolod imis gamo, rom qristes jvrisTvis devna ar ganecadaT (`raYTa TqueniTa maT PorciTa aqadodian~,
_ mux. 12-13) da maTi winadacveTis niSnebis simravliT
ekvexnaT (aq ironiaa). `xolo Cemda nu iyofin siqadul,
_ ambobs mociquli, _ garna juariTa uflisa Cuenisa
iesu qristesiTa, romlisaTKs sofeli Cemdamo juarcumul ars da me _ soflisa~ (mux. 14). qristes jvriT
siqaduli niSnavs _ gvwamdes, rom mxolod misiT aris
cxoneba. àm sarwmunoebis aRmsareblobiT, _ ambobs mociquli, _ me TiTqosda mkvdari gavxdi ama soflis amaoebisaTvis da CemTvis sulerTia, rogorc amsofliuri
pativi, ise devna~; `qristianobis arsi, _ kvlav imeorebs
igi, _ aris is, rom gavxdeT àxali dabadebuli~, da
mxolod amisken unda viswrafvodeT, rameTu vinc ase
cxovrobs, `mSKdobaY maT zeda da wyalobaY israelsa
zeda RvTisasa~. anu yvela WeSmarit israelianze _ yvela morwmuneze, vinc madlis moZRvrebas mihyveba (mux.
15-16). epistoles mociquli aseTi sityvebiT amTavrebs:
àmieriTgan Sromasa nuvin SemamTxuevn me~ _ rameTu
yvelaferi axsnili da ganmartebulia. Semdgomi kiTxvebis
dasma da gakvirvebis gamoTqma mxolod kamaTis avadmyofobis dakmayofileba iqneboda, rac fuWi Sromaa. yvela
sawinaaRmdego azris pasuxi _ ufal iesos wylulebia,
romelsac igi (pavle) Tavis sxeulze atarebs. dae, maT
daadasturon wminda mociqulis qadagebis WeSmariteba,
`Tuki vinme ixilavs sisxlian da mravalgan daWril meo------ 125 ------

mars, nuTu mas Ralatsa da simxdaleSi dasdebs brals,
_ kiTxvas svams wminda ioane oqropiri, _ roca igi
Tavisi simamacis dasturs sakuTari taniT atarebs? ase
unda imsjeloT Cemzec, _ ambobs pavle~.
Tavis epistoles mociquli misTvis Cveuli samociqulo kurTxeviT amTavrebs: `madli uflisa Cuenisa
iesu qristesi sulisa Tquenisa Tana, Zmano. amin~
(mux. 18).
------ 126 ------
winaswari cnebebi
epistole efesoelTa mimarT

efesos eklesiis daarseba. efeso mdinare kaistris
piras mdebare mcire aziis zRvispira qalaqi iyo.
mas vaWrobis, xelovnebisa da mecnierebis centrad
icnobdnen. amasTan, is iyo prokonsulTa provinciis
_ asiis, mTavari qalaqi-mitropolia; cnobili iyo
efeso, agreTve, rogorc warmarTobis msxvili centri.
iq mdebareobda Zvelad saqveynod ganTqmuli efesos
artemidas (sxvanairad, dianas) taZari da TviT qalaqic im
qalRmerTisTvis Sewirulad miiCneoda. iqve warmarTuli
magiis saydaric mdebareobda, romelic artemidas
misteriidan momdinareobda: pergamentis naglejebze
daweril saidumlo da gaugebar sityvebs amuletad
iyenebdnen, iseve, rogorc qalRmerTisa da misi taZris
gamosaxulebebs, rac bevrisTvis Semosavlis wyaro iyo
qceuli. efesoSi mravali iudevelic cxovrobda da iq
TavianTi sinagoga hqondaT gaxsnili.
efesoi
qristianuli
eklesiis
damfuZnebeli
wminda pavle mociquli iyo, romelic, _ rogorc es
`mociqulTa saqmis~ wignis me-18 Tavidan (mux. 19-21)
Cans, _ efesos pirvelad qristes xorcielad Sobidan
54-e wels ewvia, rodesac Tavisi meore samociqulo
mogzaurobidan ierusalimSi brundeboda. maSin pavle
mociqulma efesoSi mxolod mcire xans dahyo, radgan
ierusalimSi dResaswaulze eSureboda, magram mainc
ìgi Sevida Sesakrebelsa da ezraxa huriaTa maT.
da viTar igini hlocvides umetessa-re Jamsa dadgromad maT Tana, ara ineba, aramed ijmna maTgan da
------ 127 ------
Tqua: jer-ars Cemda dResaswaulsa amas momavalsa

ierusalHms aRsrulebad da kualad movide Tquenda
nebiTa RvTisaYTa. Sevida navsa efesoYT~ (saqm. 18,
19-21). ase moxda efesos pirveli ganaTleba pavle mociqulis qristianuli qadagebiT, romelsac im dros TanamuSakebad akvila da priskila axlda. aSkaraa, rom es
warmatebuli qadageba iyo, rameTu mociquls iq darCena
sTxoves, magram efesoSi mxolod akvila da priskila
darCnen. male maT damxmared aleqsandrieli swavluli
iudeveli apolo gamouCndaT, romelmac, marTalia, Tavidan mxolod ioanes naTliscema icoda, magram SemdgomSi, iq Casulma, akvilasa da priskilas SewevniT sauflo
moZRvreba Seiswavla, razedac isev `saqme mociqulTa~
mogviTxrobs (18, 24-28). saxarebis wignis mowmobiT, apolosma, rogorc kacma `sityvaSi mecnierma da wignebSi
Zlierma~, didad Seuwyo xeli efesoSi qristianobis
ganmtkicebas. Tumca mas male mouwia aqaiaSi wasvla da
ise gaemgzavra iq korinTos gavliT, rom wminda pavle
mociqulis dabrunebas veRar daeloda.
efesoSi wminda pavles safuZvliani mqadagebluri
moRvaweoba misi mesame samociqulo mogzaurobisas Sedga, rasac dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs `saqmeTa~ wignis
me-19 Tavi. efesodan apolos wamosvlisa da korinToSi
misi yofnis dros, wminda pavle mociquli, romelic
ierusalimsa da antioqiaSi iyo da `zemo kerZo igi
adgili~ (frigia da galatia) gaiara, kvlav efesoSi
dabrunda. iq man daaxloebiT 12 mowafe naxa, romlebmac, msgavsad apolosisa, mxolod ioanes naTliscema
icodnen. mociqulma isini sarwmunoebaSi ganamtkica;
daarwmuna, rom qristes naTlobiT monaTluliyvnen da
------ 128 ------
winaswari cnebebi
xeldasxmiT gadasca maT suliwmidis madli (saqm. 19,
1-7). amis Semdeg, wminda pavle mociquli Seudga efesos
saxarebiseuli qadagebiT ganaTlebas. upirveles yovlisa, Tavisi Cveulebisamebr, man iudevelebs mimarTa da
sinagogaSi regularuli qadageba daiwyo, rac sam Tves
Seuwyvetliv grZeldeboda, magram `viTar-igi vinme
ganficxnebodes da urC iqmnebodes da ZKrsa ityodes
gzisa misTKs winaSe simravlisa mis, ganeyena maTgan
da ganaSorna mowafeni igi da dRiTi-dRe etyoda
maT samwignobresa mas tKranes vissame~, romelic,
SeiZleba, vinme sofisti an saxalxo maswavlebeli yofiliyo, romlebic im dros momravlebuli iyvnen berZnul qalaqebSi (saqm. 19, 8, 9). `da ese iyo or wel,
vidreme yovelTa damkKdrebulTa asiisaTa esma sityuaY uflisa iesuYsi, huriaTa da warmarTTa~ (mux.
10). wminda pavles qadageba mravali niSeb-saswaulebiT
aRiniSneboda (saqm. 19, 11-20). igi or weliwads aswavlida amgvarad da, Sedegad, RvTis eklesiam iq Rrmad
gaidga fesvebi. samwuxarod, amboxma, romelic wminda
mociqulis winaaRmdeg vercxlismWedelma demetreosma
moawyo, igi aiZula, efeso dagegmilze adre daetovebina (saqm. 19, 21-40; 20, 1). amboxis dacxromis Semdeg,
wminda pavle makedoniis eklesiebis mosanaxuleblad
gaemgzavra; sami Tve eladaSi dahyo, Semdeg ki, kvlav
makedoniis gavliT, siriisken aiRo gezi. gza efesoze
gadioda, magram, radganac pavles surda, ierusalimSi
sulTmofenobis dResaswaulisTvis mieswro da SiSobda, rom Tu efesoSi Seivlida, iq dayovneba mouwevda,
amitom gemiT mimavalma am qalaqs gverdi auara. gemi
melitonSi gaCerda, _ efesosgan odnav samxreTiT. iqi------ 129 ------

dan wminda mociqulma TavisTan miiwvia efesos eklesiis
msaxurni _ `mouwoda xucesTa eklesiisaTa~ _ ukanaskneli darigebis misacemad da gamosamSvidobeblad. es
Sexvedra da gamomSvidobeba friad amaRelvebeli aRmoCnda. mociqulma maT mimarTa: `Tquen iciT pirvel
dRiTgan, vinaYTgan Semoved asiad, Tu viTar viyav
Tquen Tana yovelsa Jamsa, da vhmonebd ufalsa yovliTa simdabliTa da mravliTa cremliTa da gansacdeliTa, romelni SememTxueodes me ZKris zraxvaTagan huriaTaYsa. viTar-igi araraY davayene umjobesi
Tqueni, romelimca ara giTxar da gaswave Tquen ersa
winaSe da saxlsa Sina. da uwamebd huriaTa da warmarTTa RvTisa mimarT sinanulsa da sarwmunoebasa
uflisa mimarT Cuenisa iesu qristesa. da aw esera
kruli suliTa mival ierusalHms da, mun Tu raY
SemTxuevad ars Cemda, araY vici; garna suli wmidaY
qalaqad-qalaqad miwamebs me da metyKs, rameTu krulebani da Wirni melian me. aramed araras vzrunav
amisTKs, arca upatiosnes sulisa Cemisa Semiracxies
Tavi Cemi, viTarmca ara aRvasrule srbaY Cemi sixaruliT da msaxurebaY, romeli moviRe uflisa iesu
qristesgan wamebad saxarebaY igi madlisa RvTisaY.
da aw aha-esera me uwyi, rameTu arRara ixiloT
piri Cemi Tquen yovelTa, romelTa Soris viqceode
da vqadagebd sasufevelsa RvTisasa. vinaYca giwameb
Tquen dRendelsa amas dResa, rameTu ubralo var me
sisxlisagan Tquen yovelTaYsa. rameTu araraY davayene, romelimca ara giTxar Tquen yovelive nebaY
RvTisaY. ekrZaleniT ukue TavTa TquenTa da yovelsave samwysosa, romelsa-ege Tquen sulman wmidaman
------ 130 ------
winaswari cnebebi
dagadginna moRuawed da mwysad eklesiasa uflisa

RvTisasa, romeli moigo sisxliTa TKsiTa. da aha
me uwyi ese, rameTu Semoviden Tquenda Semdgomad
ganslvisa Cemisa mgelni mZimeni, romelni ara eridebodian samwysosa. da TYT Tquenganni aRdgen kacni,
romelni ityodian gularZnilsa, raYTa ganadginnen
mowafeni Semdgomad maTda. amisTKs iRKZebdiT da
moiPseneT, rameTu samsa welsa RamiT da dRiT ara
davscxrebode cremliT swavlasa kacad-kacadisa
Tquenisasa~ (saqm. 20, 18-31). locvis Semdeg xucesebma tiriliT gaaciles wminda mociquli gemamde da
daemSvidobnen (saqm. 20, 36-38). amiT dasrulda wminda
pavles uSualo urTierToba efesoelebTan, magram ar
dasrulebula misi zrunva maTze, rasac misi epistole
mowmobs.
SemdgomSi, efesos saepiskoposo kaTedra sikvdilamde
wminda pavle mociqulis uerTgules mowafes, wminda
timoTes epyra. xolo mis Semdeg iq cxovrobda da mcire
aziis eklesiebs iqidan ganagebda qristes sayvareli
mowafe ioane RvTismetyveli. 431 wels efesoSi mesame
msoflio saeklesio kreba Catarda.
epistoles daweris mizezi. TviT epistoleSi ar
Cans rame gansakuTrebuli mizezi, rasac SeeZlo, wminda
pavle mociquli mis dasawerad aReZra. rogorc masSi
moyvanili mravali adgilidan Cans, is wminda pavles
mier dawerilia patimrobaSi yofnisas (3, 1; 4, 1 da
sxva). mTeli am epistoles amaRlebuli toniT Tu vimsjelebT, unda vivaraudoT, rom wminda pavle moci------ 131 ------

quli mis dasawerad ganawyo efesoelTaTvis im maRali
Wvretis uwyebis survilma, romelSic igi suliwmidam
Seiyvana patimrobaSi misi yofnis dros (episkopos Teofane dayudebulis ganmartebiT). sxva mizezi SeiZleba
yofiliyo mociqulis survili, enugeSebina efesoelni,
romelnic im ubedurebaTa gamo wuxdnen, rac maT sulier mamasa da moZRvars daatyda Tavs (efes. 3, 13).
dabolos, mesame mizezad SeiZleba miviCnioT efesoelTa
gafrTxileba, raTa isini moridebodnen crumoZRvrebs,
aseve imaT swavlebas, vinc jer kidev iudevelobda.
epistoles me-3 Tavis me-3-4 muxlebidan Cans, rom mociquls surda gaecxadebina efesoelTaTvis misTvis saRvTo gamocxadebiT uwyebuli `gangebulebaY igi saidumloYsaY~, imis Sesaxeb, rom warmarTebi iudevelTa
Tanasworad arian xmobilni caTa sasufevelSi (3, 6-9).
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. am epistoles
daweris adgilisa da drois Sesaxeb yvela komentatori
rodi rigdeba urTierTSoris. eWvs ar tovebs mxolod
is, rom wminda pavle mociqulma epistole patimrobaSi
dawera, rameTu is masSi Tavis Tavs araerTxel uwodebs
ìeso qristes patimars~ (`kruli qriste iesuYsi~ _ 3,
1), ùflis patimars~ (`kruli ese uflisa mier~ _ 4, 1);
ambobs, rom `borkilebiT elCobs~ (`vciqu jaWKTurT~
_ 6, 20). cnobilia, rom wminda pavle borkildadebuli
iyo palestinis kesariaSi, sadac iqaur mmarTvels _ feliqss igi ori wlis ganmavlobaSi hyavda datyvevebuli,
sanam keisris samsjavro ar moiTxova, ris Semdegac igi
romSi gagzavnes (saqm. 23, 35; 24, 27; 25, 10, 11), sadac,
aseve, patimrobaSi imyofeboda (saqm. 28, 16). romSi ga------ 132 ------
winaswari cnebebi
nasxvaveben pirvel da meore patimrobas, romelTa Sorisac, rogorc varaudoben, garkveuli drois monakveTi
arsebobda. efesoelTa mimarT epistoleze Zvel warwerebs miakuTvneben romis patimrobis periods, magram,
radgan masSi mociquli arafers ambobs moaxloebul
aRsasrulze, rogorc amas gviandel, timoTes mimarT
romidan daweril epistoleSi akeTebs (2 tim. 4, 6),
aramed imedovnebs, rom kvlavac Tamamad (`gancxadebulad~) iqadagos saxarebis saidumloebani (efes. 6, 19,
20), amitom, es SeiZleba mxolod da mxolod pirveli
patimroba yofiliyo.
epikoposi Teofane dayudebuli miiCnevs, rom efesoelTa mimarT epistole dawerilia palestinis kesariidan, imis safuZvelze, rom: 1) epistoleSi ar aris raime
miTiTeba efesos eklesiaSi cvlilebaTa Taobaze cudi
an kargi mimarTulebiT, saidanac unda vivaraudoT, rom
is Zalze malea mas Semdeg dawerili, rac wminda pavlem efeso datova; 2) wminda pavle sTxovs efesoelT,
ilocon, raTa man Tavisi piriT gancxadebulad iqadagos saxarebis saidumlo: es ufro kesariis patimrobas
hgavs, vidre romisas, rameTu mociquli romSi didi TavisuflebiT sargeblobda, yvelas miReba da `yovliTa
gancxadebulebiTa daubrkolebelad~ qadageba SeeZlo, maSin roca kesariaSi igi mkacr pirobebSi iyo da
yvelas ar eZleoda masTan Sesvlis ufleba (saqm. 28,
30, 31 da saqm. 24, 23). episkopos Teofane dayudebulis
azriT, iseT qmediT mociquls, rogoric wminda pavle
iyo, ori weli tyveobaSi uqmad yofna ar SeeZlo da
amitom mis mier moqceul qristianebs werilebs swerda
da sarwmunoebas aswavlida. Tu Teofane dayudebulis
------ 133 ------

am arguments gaviTvaliswinebT, efesoelTa mimarT epistole kesariaSi 60 an 61 wels aris dawerili. sxva ganmmarteblebi _ adareben ra efesoelTa mimarT epistoles
sxva epistoleebs da pouloben, rom is kolaselTa da
filimonis mimarT epistoleebis Tanadroulad da filipelTa mimarT epistoles daweridan mcire xnis Semdeg
aris dawerili (Sdr. efes. 6, 21 da kolas. 4, 7, 8) _
miiCneven, rom efesoelTa mimarT epistole romidan aris
dawerili 62 an 63 wels. es epistole iseve rogorc
kolaselTa mimarT epistole, wminda pavle mociqulma
tviqikes xeliT gagzavna da, amasTan, daavala, rom Tavisi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb am eklesiebisaTvis dawvrilebiT
moeyola.
epistoles namdviloba. markionis winaaRmdeg Tavis
polemikaSi, tertuliane ambobs, rom markionelebi efesoelTa mimarT epistoles ara efesos, aramed laodikiis
eklesiis mimarT dawerilad miiCnevdnen. zogierT Zvel
xelnawerSi sityva èn efeso~ _ èfesoelTa mimarT~ _
gamotovebulia, sxvebSi mxolod furclebis mindvrebze
gvxvdeba. amave dros, kolaselTa mimarT epistoleSi,
romelic msgavsi Sinaarsisaa da drois miTiTebis mixedviT efesoelTa mimarT epistoles Tanadroulia (Sdr.
efes. 6, 21 da kolas. 4, 7), mociquli laodikiis eklesiis mimarT epistoleze saubrobs, aseTi epistole ki
Cven ar gvaqvs. dabolos, efesoelTa mimarT epistoleSi
ar aris piradi xasiaTis Cveuli misalmebani, rac bunebrivi iqneboda, rameTu pavlem mTeli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi dahyo efesoSi. axal kritikosebs yovelive es
imis sababs aZlevs, rom epistoles namdviloba uary------ 134 ------
winaswari cnebebi
on. Tumca, jer kidev wminda egnate RmerTSemosili,
romelmac Tavadac dawera efesoelTa mimarT epistole,
wminda pavle mociqulis aseTive epistoles arsebobas
amowmebs. am dros yvela gaugebroba iolad aRmoifxvreba, Tuki miviRebT, rom efesoelTa mimarT epistole
namdvili SinaarsiT sayovelTao epistole iyo, romelic
ara mxolod efesos eklesias, aramed mcire aziis yvela
eklesias da, maT Soris, laodikiis eklesiasac miemarTeboda, romelTan damokidebulebiTac efesos eklesia
SeiZleba mitropoliad CaTvliliyo. efesoelTa mimarT
epistoles namdvilobas aseve adastureben wminda polikarpe smirneli, wminda irineos lioneli da wminda
klimenti aleqsandrieli, romlebsac am epistoledan sityvasityviT mohyavT zogierTi gamonaTqvami.
epistoles Sinaarsi da misi dayofa. efesoelTa
mimarT epistole eqvs Tavs Seicavs. misi mTavari sagani,
rogorc amis Sesaxeb TviT avtori saubrobs (efes. 3.
2-9), aris RvTis gangebulebis saidumlos uwyeba, Semdeg
ki misgan gamomdinare zneobiTi moTxovnilebebis Camoyalibeba. amis Sesabamisad, epistole bunebrivad iyofa or
Tanabar nawilad:
1) dogmaturi, romelic pirvel sam Tavs Seicavs da
2) zneobiTi, romelic Seicavs danarCen sam Tavs (4-6).
dogmaturi nawili warmoadgens mTavari qristianuli WeSmaritebebis mokle gadmocemas. upiratesad is
aviTarebs eklesiis, rogorc qristes sxeulis ideas;
zneobiTi nawili aswavlis sarwmunoebis erTianobas da
zneobriv moRvaweobaSi erTsulovnebas da, amasTan, aiaraRebs sulieri brZolisaTvis. saerTod, es epistole
------ 135 ------

Zalze mniSvnelovania da qristianobis brwyinvale apologias warmoadgens. wminda ioane oqropiri da netari
ieronime am epistoles saidumloebriv siRrmeze miuTiTeben, xolo wminda aTanase mas qristianuli moZRvrebis katexizmos uwodebs. mravali ganmmartebeli
masSi mTeli samociqulo moZRvrebis programas xedavs.
epistoles egzegetikuri garCeva. efesoelTa mimarT epistole Cveuli zedwarweriTa da samociqulo
misalmebiT iwyeba: `pavle, mociquli iesu qristesi
nebiTa RvTisaYTa, wmidaTa magaT, romelni xarT efesos Sina, da sarwmunoTa qriste iesuYs mier: madli
Tquenda da mSKdobaY RvTisa mier mamisa Cuenisa da
uflisa iesu qristesa~ (mux. 1-2).
me-3 muxlidan iwyeba epistoles dogmaturi nawili.
wminda mociquli, upirveles yovlisa, qebas da madlobas uZRvnis RmerTsa da uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristes
mamas, romelmac gvakurTxa wminda cxovrebisaTvis da
gamogvirCia ùwinares soflis dabadebisa~, rac
ieso qristes meSveobiT mama-RmerTis mier Cven Svilad
miRebas gulisxmobs, romelmac (qristem) Tavisi sisxliT gamogvisyida da adamianebs RvTis keTili nebis
saidumlo gagvicxada da romelic yovelive zeciurisa
da miwieris Tavad iqca da Cvenc RvTis memkvidreebad
gvyo (mux. 3-12). Semdeg mociquli Tavis sulier mzeras
efesoelebs miapyrobs, romlebmac qriste irwmunes da
Sesabamisad, mis mier moniWebul sikeTeTa monawileni
gaxdnen. igi hmadlobs RmerTs maTTvis, ixseniebs Tavis
locvebSi da ufals SesTxovs, rom misces maT suli
sibrZnisa da gananaTlos Tvalni gulisa maTisani, raTa
------ 136 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Seicnon misi memkvidreobis simdidre da misi Zlierebis
simtkice (mux. 13-19).
me-20_23-e muxlebi Seicavs mniSvnelovan swavlebas
mkvdreTiT aRmdgari qristes Sesaxeb, kerZod mis im
nawils, sadac igi, rogorc RmerTkaci, aris yvela qmnilebaze ùzeSTaes~ da misdami aris damorCilebuli
yovelive arsebuli. aq Cven vxedavT kacobrivi bunebis
gandidebas Cveni macxovris mier, mowmobas imis Sesaxeb,
rom ufali ieso qriste, Tundac rogorc kaci, aris
cisa da miwis, angelozTa da adamianTa meufe da ufali.
`da igi mosca mTavrobad zeSTa yovelTa eklesiasa,
romeli-igi ars guami misi, aRsavsebaY igi, romelman
yovelive yovelsa Sina aRavso~ (mux. 22-23). rogorc
eklesiis Tavis, anu ieso qristes Sesaxeb es swavleba
Zalze mniSvnelovania. rogorc Cveni sxeulis nawilebi TavTan erTad erT cocxal organizms qmnian, aseve
yvela morwmune qristesTan erTad igi erT sxeulebrivsulier organizms qmnis. `qristeSi monaTlulebi misiT imosebian, masTan erT mTlianobas Seadgenen. amitom
qristianebSi qriste moqmedebs, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi
da ganmacxovelebeli Zala (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). Tavzea damokidebuli sxeulis mTeli cxovreba
_ organuli da meqanikuri. fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiTac, Tavi, rogorc tvinis adgilsamyofeli, romelic
gonebrivi moqmedebisa da garegnuli SegrZnebebis mTavari organoa, sulieri cxovrebis mTavar wyarod, mis
xelmZRvanel sawyisad aris aRiarebuli. mociqulis es
Sedareba gamoxatavs im azrs, rom eklesia mTlianad
ufal ieso qristezea damokidebuli, rom qriste TviTon xelmZRvanelobs Tavis eklesias.
------ 137 ------
àRsavsebaY igi, romelman yovelive yovelsa Sina

aRavso~ (mux. 23), _ es sityvebi bundovania da sxvadasxva azrs gvTavazobs. yvelaze swori iqneba, rom es sityvebi ase gavigoT: eklesia sulieri organizmia, sadac
ar aris iseTi adgili, sadac qristes saRvTo Zalebi ar
moqmedebdnen. ìgi aRsavsea qristeTi. qriste mas mTlianad aRavsebs~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). wminda
ioane oqropiri ganmartavs, Tu ratom ar Semoifargla
mociquli mxolod imiT, rom ewodebina eklesiisaTvis
qristes sxeuli, xolo qristesTvis _ misi Tavi: `raTa
Sen, roca sityva `Tavs~ moismen, ar miiRo igi mxolod
xelmwifebis azriT, aramed sakuTrivi mniSvnelobiTac;
raTa ar CaTvalo igi mxolod meTaurad, aramed masSi
namdvili Tavi dainaxo. mociquli amatebs: àRsavsebaY igi (anu eklesia aris savseba), romelman yovelive
yovelsa Sina aRavso~. mociquli `Tavis~ dasaxelebas
TiTqosda arasakmarisad miiCnevs, imisaTvis, rom qristesTan eklesiis naTesaoba da siaxlove gviCvenos~.
meore TavSi mociquli imaze laparakobs, rom RmerTis gangebulebis moqmedebaTa sidiade gacxadda sulierad mkvdar adamianTa gancxovelebaSi, TiTqosda,
maT mkvdreTiT aRdgenaSi, romlebic RmerTma ukiduresi
damcirebidan aRamaRla da ganadida. es mxolod RvTis
madlma moimoqmeda, adamianis mxridan raime damsaxurebis
gareSe: `rameTu madliTa xarT gamoPsnil sarwmunoebisa mier, da ese ara Tquengan, aramed RvTisa niWi
ars: ara saqmeTagan, raYTa aravin iqados~ (2, 8, 9), _
es sityvebi Zalian uyvarT seqtantebs da maTi daxmarebiT, cxonebisaTvis keTil saqmeTa arasaWiroebis Sesaxeb
Tavisi cruswavlebis damtkicebas cdiloben. magram, xom
------ 138 ------
winaswari cnebebi
cxadia, rom aq laparakia mxolod pirvel momentze, TviT
RmerTis mier cxonebis gangebulebaze da ara adamianTa
mier am cxonebis SeTvisebaze. am ukanasknelze naTqvamia:
`rameTu misni Seqmnulni varT da dabadebulni qriste
iesuYs mier saqmeTaTKs keTilTa, romelTaTKs winawar
ganhmzada RmerTman, raYTa maT Sina vidodiT~ (mux.
10). yvela am sityvis azri is aris, rom `cxoneba Cven
gangebulebiT gveZleva da mowodebulni varT mis misaRebad ara raime saqmisaTvis, aramed mxolod madlis
mier. magram, mowodebulni varT ara imisaTvis, rom Cveni
mxridan araferi vakeToT, aramed raTa gavmdidrdeT keTili saqmeebiT da amiT Cveni cxoneba ganvaxorcieloT~
(episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli).
Semdeg, mociquli saubrobs RvTis udides saxierebaze, romelmac ise ganago, rom aqamde erTmaneTisTvis
ucxo warmarTebi da iudevelebi erT sxeulSi SeerTdnen
`sisxliTa miT qristesiTa~. ufalma TiTqosda xelaxla
Seqmna kacobrioba (mux. 11-15), iudevelnic da warmarTnic RmerTTan jvris mier Seariga, mokla (moaSTo) ra
masze cmulma mtroba, anu RmerTTan mtroba, rac misgan
am orive xalxs ganaSorebda maTi codvianobis mizeziT.
wminda pavle aqac xazs usvams axal aRTqmaSi ZvelaRTqmiseuli rjulis gauqmebas Semdegi sityvebiT: `Sjuli igi
mcnebaTaY maT brZanebiTa ganaqarva~ (mux. 15) da `Suakedeli zRudisaY mis dahPsna~ (mux. 14), ese igi, zRvari
daudo rjuls, romelic kedeliviT hyofda iudevelebsa
da warmarTebs. `da movida da gaxara mSKdobaY Tquen,
SorielTa da maxlobelTa~ (mux. 17), _ qristes saxarebis arsi is iyo, rom Ze RvTisam, romelic gankacda da
jvarze evno CvenTvis, RmerTTan Segvariga. `Soreulebs~
------ 139 ------

mociquli warmarTebs uwodebs, àxloblebs~ ki _ iudevelebs (netari Teodorites ganmartebiT). qristianobaSi
SeerTebulma iudevelebma da warmarTebma erTi eklesia
Seadgines, rogorc erTi Senoba, romelic mociqulebisa
da winaswarmetyvelebis saZirkvelze da qvakuTxedze
(Tavkidur lodze) _ ufal ieso qristezea damtkicebuli da erTi suliT aris SeduRabebuli (mux. 17-22).
aq mniSvnelovania, rom qriste aris qvakuTxedi, romelzedac dafuZnebulia eklesia da ara petre mociquli,
rogorc amas laTini romael-kaTolikeni amtkiceben.
mesame TavSi mociquli saubrobs eklesiaSi warmarTTa mowodebis saidumlos siwmindeze da imaze, rom swored mas aqvs micemuli madli, raTa warmarTebs qristes
es saidumlo auwyos. am qadagebis gamo igi iudevelTagan did SeWirvebas ganicdis, magram ar cxreba da
efesoelebsac mouwodebs, rom masze ar imwuxron (1-13
muxli). mociquli epistoles dogmatur nawils efesoelTa Sesaxeb locviT amTavrebs (mux. 14-21), raTa
isini qristes sarwmunoebasa da siyvarulSi ganmtkicdnen da hyon `cnobad gardareuli igi mecnierebisa
siyuaruli qristesi, raTa aRivson yovliTa savsebiTa
RvTisaTa~ (mux. 19), anu yvela im saTnoebiT, riTac
aRvsebulia RmerTi, `raTa mTlianad damkvidrdes igi
TqvenSi~ _ netari Toedorites ganmartebiT. usurvebs
ra efesoelebs qristianul srulyofilebas, wminda mociquli didebas aRuvlens RmerTs eklesiaSi `qriste
iesus mier yovelTa naTesavTa mimarT saukuneTa
ukunisamde~ (mux. 20-21).
efesoelTa mimarT epistoles meore naxevari, romelic bolo sam Tavs (4-6) Seicavs, zneobriobaSi gansas------ 140 ------
winaswari cnebebi
wavl nawils warmoadgens. pirvel sam TavSi imis axsnis
Semdeg, rom yvela qristiani erT sxeuls Seadgens erTi
TaviT _ qristeTi, wminda mociquli epistoles am mTavari azridan askvnis, Tu rogor unda cxovrobdnen
da moqmedebdnen qristeSi gaerTianebuli da ganaxlebuli qristianeni. Tavidan igi warmosaxavs: 1) cxovrebis zogad mowyobas, romlis ZiriTadi damaxasiaTebeli
niSania sarwmunoebaSi erTsulovneba (4, 1-16); 2) yvela socialuri fenis qristianisaTvis saerTo cxovrebis
wess (4, 17-5, 21); 3) cxovrebis kerZo wess sxvadasxva
mdgomareobisaTvis, sadac CamoTvlis urTierT valdebulebebs meuRleebs, Svilebsa da mSoblebs, da monebsa
da batonebs Soris (5, 22-6, 9); dabolos, 4) zogadad
mouwodebs yvela qristians ama sofelTan da codvasTan
brZolas da gvamcnobs qristianuli moRvaweobis wesebs
(6, 10-18).
meoTxe TavSi wminda mociquli qristianebs Seagonebs, rom im wodebis Sesaferisad moiqcnen, romelSic
Cinebulni (xmobilni) arian, anu qristianTa wodebisa.
amas safuZvlad unda edos simdable, simSvide, sulgrZeleba da siyvaruli. umTavresad ki qristianebi unda
eswrafvodnen èrTobasa mas sulisasa sakrveliTa miT
mSKdobisaTa~ (mux. 3). yvelaze Zlier aRmZvrel Zalad, aseTi sulieri erTobisaTvis, wminda mociquli
warmoaCens imas, rom qristianebisTvis èrT ars ufal,
erT sarwmunoeba, erT naTlis-RebaY, erT ars RmerTi da mamaY yovelTaY romeli yovelTa zeda ars da
yovelTa mier da Cuen yovelTa Soris~ (mux. 1-6). TiToeul morwmunes, rogorc organizmSi calkeul wevrs,
gansakuTrebuli madli eZleva, gansakuTrebuli niWi,
------ 141 ------

romliTac igi sxvebs unda emsaxuros saerTo sargebelisaTvis. niWTa sxvadasxvagvaroba aramcTu xels ar uSlis
erTsulovnebas, aramed piriqiT, ufro metad aerTianebs
qristianebs, msgavsad imisa, rogorc sxeulis nawilebis sxvadasxvagvaroba xels ar uSlis TviT am sxeulis
gazrdas da urTierTTanadgomiT ganmtkicebas. swored
Tavisi eklesiis sxeulis am mSvidobiani da sasiyvarulo aRmSeneblobisa da aRorZinebisaTvis, `dasamtkiceblad wmidaTa, saqmed msaxurebisa, aRsaSenebelad
guamisa qristesisa~ (mux. 12), qristem `moscna romelnime mociqulni, romelnime winaYswarmetyuelni, romelnime maxarebelni, romelnime mwyemsni da
moZRuarni~ (mux. 11). aq aSkarad mtkicdeba saeklesio
ierarqiis RvTivdadgenileba protestantTa da seqtantTa samxileblad, romlebic kanonier ierarqias uaryofen. saeklesio ierarqiis dadgenis mizania, daexmaros
morwmuneTa sulier srulyofas: `vidremde miviwineT
yovelni erTobasa sarwmunoebisasa da mecnierebasa
Zisa RvTisasa, mamakacad srulad, sazomad hasakisa
savsebisa mis qristesisa~ (mux. 13), ese igi, vidre `yvela srul gansvenebas miaRwevs RmerTSi da Tavis TavSi
RvTis Rirseul sacxovriss Seqmnis mis dasamkvidreblad. swored es aris qristes savsebis asakis sazomi~
(episkoposi Toefane dayudebuli). qristianuli zneobiT
cxovrebis mTavari amocanaa, ar viyoT Cvilni, romelnic
yovelgvari moZRvrebis qariT iryevian da miitacebian,
aramed, cocxali organizmis msgavsad, urTierTsiyvaruliT gaerTianebulebma, avaRorZinoT qristes eklesiis
sxeuli `misa mimarT yovelsa, romel ars Tav misa
qriste~ (mux. 7-16).
------ 142 ------
winaswari cnebebi
am Tavis meore nawilSi wminda mociquli gamoxatavs
warmarTTa (rogornic adre iyvnen efesoelni) cxovrebis uaryofiT mxareebs da Seagonebs maT: `ganiSoreT
Tquengan pirvelisa misebr slvisa Tquenisa Zueli igi
kaci, ganxrwnili gulis Tqumisa misebr sacTurisa
da SeimoseT axali igi kaci, RvTisa mier dabadebuli, simarTliTa da siwmidiTa WeSmaritebisaYTa~ (4,
22, 24). es Sinagani ganaxleba, upirveles yovlisa, simarTleSi unda gamoixatos: àmisTKs ganiSoreT tyuili,
ityodeT WeSmaritsa kacad-kacadi moyusisa TKsisa
Tana~ (mux. 25); Semdeg _ urisxvelobaSi: `guli giwyreboden, da nu scodavT: mze nu dahvaln ganrisxebasa Tquensa~ (mux. 26), anu mzis Casvlamde SeurigdiT
maT, viszec ganrisxdiT; Semdeg mociquli Seagonebs, ar
iparon, _ sakuTari xeliT iSromon, `raYTa aqundes
micemad, vis-igi uPmdes~ (mux. 28); eridon uSver anu
bilw sityvebs, da Tavmdabalni da magaliTis mimcemni
iyvnen saubrebSi, Tavisi cudi saqcieliT ar Seuracxyon
suliwmida; yovelgvar kamaTs da ganxeTqilebas, risxvas,
guliswyromas, avsityvaobas, yvirilsa da gaafTrebas
ganerinon da erTmaneTis mimarT iyvnen keTilni, TanamgrZnobni da mimtevebelni, `viTarca-igi RmerTman qristes mier mogumadla (mogviteva) Cuen~ (mux. 17-32).
mexuTe TavSi wminda mociquli iseTive zneobriv
darigebebs ganagrZobs da qristianebs arwmunebs, rom
siyvarulSi RmerTs unda mibaZon, rogorc Svilebi baZaven mamas da misgan yovelgvari magaliTi aiRon (1-2
muxli). wminda mociquli zneobrivi cxovrebisaken aRZravs msmenels, roca miuTiTebs, rom codvilni caTa sasufevels ver daimkvidreben da gansakuTrebiT afrTxi------ 143 ------

lebs siZvis, memTvraleobisa da yovelnairi uwmindurebis, momxveWvelobisa da ganlaRebisagan; da Seagonebs
qristianebs: `viTarca Svilni naTlisani vidodeT~,
da `gamoicadeT, raY-igi ars saTno uflisa~ (5, 8,
10). zogierTi ganmmartebeli varaudobs, rom es sityvebi wminda esaia winaswarmetyvelis naTqvamis Tavisufal perifrazs warmoadgens: `ganaTldi, ganaTldi,
ierusalim! rameTu moiwia naTeli Seni, da didebaY RvTisaY Sen zeda aRmobrwyinda~ (esaia, 60, 1;
26, 9, 19). Semdeg, wminda mociquli aswavlis, rom es
droebiTi cxovreba maradiulobisaTvis mosamzadeblad
gveZleva, rom am cxovrebaSi uamravi codvis sacduri
gvxvdeba, da Seagonebs: èkrZalebodeT ukue, viTar-Zi
gankrZalulad xualT, nu viTarca ugunurni, aramed viTarca brZenni; gamoifrdidiT JamTa, rameTu
dReni borotni arian~ (mux. 15-16), anu _ Zvirfas
dros tyuilubralod nu daxarjavT da igi maradiulobisaTvis mosamzadeblad gamoiyeneT. upirveles yovlisa,
àmisTKs nu iyofiT ugnur, aramed gulisPma-hyofdiT, raY-igi ars nebaY uflisaY~ (mux. 17). mociquli
gansakuTrebiT Rvinis borotad gamoyenebisagan afrTxilebs da ambobs, rom memTvraleoba adamians sibilwisaken ubiZgebs. xorcieli nugeSis nacvlad, qristianebma
sulieri nugeSi unda eZebon da suliwmidiT aRvsilebma,
Tavi Tvisi fsalmunebiTa da sasuliero sagaloblebiT
aRaSenon. amasTan, moiTxovs, rom es fsalmunebi ara mxolod eniT, aramed guliTac igalobebodes (mux. 1-20).
mexuTe Tavis meore nawili col-qmruli cxovrebis
movaleobis Sesaxeb darigebebs eZRvneba. aq mociquli
col-qmrul kavSirs warmoadgens, rogorc eklesiasTan
------ 144 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ufal ieso qristes saidumlo kavSiris saxes, ris gamoc
es muxlebi (20-33) qorwinebis saidumlos aRsrulebis
dros samociqulos sakiTxavis Sinaarss Seadgens. mociquli qmrebisagan colebis mimarT Tavdadebul siyvaruls moiTxovs, colebs ki qmrebis mimarT srul morCilebas ganuwesebs: `colni TKsTa qmarTa daemorCileniT, viTarca ufalsa~ (mux. 22), _ radgan, SemdegSi
mociquli ganmartavs, rom `qmari ars Tav colisa,
viTarca qriste Tav ars eklesiisa~ (mux. 23). amitom `viTarca eklesiaY damorCilebul ars qristesa,
egreTca colni _ TKsTa qmarTa yovliTa~ (mux. 24),
_ anu yovel keTil saqmeSi. aqedan cxadia, rom colebs ara monuri da iZulebiTi morCileba miecaT mcnebad, aramed `viTarca ufalsa~, ese igi, gulwrfeli
da guliTadi, _ siyvarulze dafuZnebuli. qristianul
qorwinebaSi qmris meTauroba unda gavigoT rogorc
mxolod pirveloba, romelic yovelTvis gardauvalia
ramdenime pirisagan Semdgar kavSirsa da sazogadoebaSi,
da ara rogorc xelmwifeba. qmari ojaxis bunebrivi meTauria ukve imitom, rom mas awevs ojaxuri valdebulebebis ZiriTadi simZime, romlis atana, _ Tavisi bunebiT
SedarebiTi sinazisa da fizikur ZalTa sisustis gamo,
_ cols ar ZaluZs. `qmarTa giyuardeT colni TKsni,
viTarca qristeman Seiyuara eklesiaY da Tavi TKsi
misca misTKs~ (mux. 25) _ Sesabamisad, col-qmruli siyvaruli, upirveles yovlisa, sulieri siyvaruli unda
iyos da ara xorcieli, da mas zneobrivi mizani unda
hqondes: `raYTa igi wmida-iyos, ganwmida sabaneliTa
miT wylisaYTa da sityKTa `raYTa iyos wmida da
ubiwo~ (mux. 26-27) _ aq `sabaneliTa miT wylisaYTa~------ 145 ------

Si igulisxmeba naTlobis saidumlo, romliTac qriste,
mis eklesiaSi SemsvlelT, yovelgvari sibilwisa da uwmindurebisagan ganwmends. swored, aseve unda zrunavdnen qmrebi TavianTi colebis zneobis siwmindesa da maTi
sulebis cxonebaze. amasTan, Tavisi siyvaruli qmarma colisadmi, _ rogorc sakuTari sxeulisadmi, _ zrunvaSi
unda gamoxatos: `zrdin da hfufunebn mas, viTarca
qriste eklesiasa~ (mux. 28-30). aq kvlav miTiTebulia
qristianul qorwinebaSi meuRleTa Soris siyvarulis
aucilebloba: qmari cols ise unda uyurebdes, rogorc sakuTari Tavis nawils da ara rogorc xorcieli
tkbobis raime meqanikur iaraRs. amasTan dakavSirebiT,
mociquli colisadmi aseTi siyvarulis bibliur (ZvelaRTqmiseul) dasabuTebas gvaZlevs: àmisTKs dauteos
kacman mamaY TKsi da dedaY TKsi da Seeyos colsa
TKssa iyvnen igi erT Porc~ (Sesaq. 2, 24). am sityvebiT
mociquls surs, rom qristiani meuRleebi myari col-qmruli kavSirisaTvis ganawyos da gvaCvenos, Tu rogori
arabunebrivi da RvTissawinaaRmdegoa meuRleTa Soris
uTanxmoeba da miTumetes _ gayra. `saYdumloY ese did
ars; xolo me vityK qristesTKs da eklesiisa~ (mux.
32). am sityvebs yvelaze ukeT wminda ioane oqropiri ganmartavs: ès marTlac saidumloa, rom adamiani
tovebs mas, vinc warmoSva igi, vinc dabada, aRzarda
da Casaxa, avadmyofobda mis gamo, tkiviliT Soba; tovebs imas, vinc amdeni sikeTe gaukeTa, visac SeeCvia da
erwymeba imas, romelic adre arc unaxavs, romelTanac
manamde saerTo araferi hqonia da misi Tavi yvelafers
urCevnia es WeSmaritad didi saidumloa, romelic
raRac dafarul sibrZnes Seicavs~. `xolo me vityK
------ 146 ------
winaswari cnebebi
qristesTKs da eklesiisa~ _ am damatebiT wminda mociquls surs, Seagonos, rom col-qmris siaxlove da
SeerTeba kurTxeul qristianul qorwinebaSi imdenad
didia da iseT saidumlos Seicavs, rom qristesa da
eklesiis saidumlo SeerTebis saukeTeso da TvalnaTeli magaliTic SeiZleba iyos, romelSic aqvs kidec mas
Tavisi umaRlesi pirvelsaxe. `cota saidumlo rodia
qalisa da kacis bunebriv qorwinebaSic _ TiTqosda ase
ambobs mociquli, _ magram me vsaubrob qristianul qorwinebaze, romelic qristesa da eklesiis kavSiris saxea.
aseTi qorwineba ukve udidesi saidumloa, ukve saeklesio saidumloa~. rogoria qristesa da eklesiis kavSiri?
is umWidroesi, siyvaruliT ganmsWvaluli, wminda da
daurRveveli kavSiria. aseve unda iyos meuRleobrivi
SeerTeba qristianul qorwinebaSi. dasasrul, mociquli
ambobs: `garna Tquenca kacad-kacadman TKsi coli
egreT SeiyuareT, viTarca Tavi TKsi; xolo colsa
mas raYTa eSinodis qmrisa~ (mux. 33), _ meuRleebs yovelive saerTo unda hqondeT. Tavidan mociqulma Tqva:
`daemorCileniT urTierTas SiSiTa qristesiTa~ (5,
21), magram qmari mainc Tavia, amitom coli valdebulia, mas daemorCilos. ramdenadac colebi mZimdebian
maTze qmris ZalauflebiT, qmrebi ki midrekilni arian,
rom Tavisi mdgomareoba borotad gamoiyenon, amitom
mociquli mcnebad iZleva imas, rac qorwinebaSi upiratesad irRveva: qmrebs _ siyvaruls, colebs ki morCilebas Seagonebs. gamoTqma: `xolo colsa mas raYTa
eSinodis qmrisa~, ra Tqma unda, xatovani gamoTqmaa da
qmris winaSe colis monur SiSs sulac ar niSnavs, rac
qristianul qorwinebaSi ar xdeba da arc unda moxdes.
------ 147 ------

es SiSi, sxva araferia, Tu ara qmrisadmi pativiscema,
imis SiSiT, rom rameTi ar SeuracxvyoT igi, ar SevamciroT Cvendami misi siyvaruli. netari ieronime am adgils ase Targmnis: `colma, dae, pativi miagos qmars~.
meeqvse TavSi wminda mociquli, upirveles yovlisa,
mSoblebis mimarT Svilebis movaleobebze saubrobs, Semdeg ki _ Svilebis mimarT mSoblebisaze. Svilebi unda
daemorCilon mSoblebs, rameTu amas samarTlianobis bunebrivi kanoni moiTxovs da saRvTo rjulis mexuTe
mcnebac amasve gvamcnobs. mSoblebi ki Svilebis mimarT
uzomod mkacrni ar unda iyvnen, codvaSi ar unda Seiyvanon, aramed uflis swavliTa da moZRvrebiT gazardon
(mux. 1-4). Semdeg, mociquli monebs Tavisi batonebis
mimarT morCilebas, batonebs ki monebis mimarT samarTlian da mowyale damokidebulebas Seagonebs. monobis
kanonierebisa Tu ukanonobis politikur da socialur
sakiTxs ki mociquli aq saerTod ar exeba. qristianuli
eklesia, saerTod ar isaxavda amocanad garegnuli
politikuri da socialuri gadatrialebis mowyobas;
is mxolod adamianTa Sinagan aRorZinebaze fiqrobda, romelsac bunebrivad unda gamoewvia garegnuli
cvlilebebi mTel sakacobrio cxovrebaSi (mux. 5-9).
zneobriv darigebaTa dasasruls, mociquli qristianebs Cveni cxovrebis mterTan _ eSmakTan da mis msaxurebTan sulieri brZolisken mouwodebs; aq Cven vxedavT
qristianuli moRvaweobis safuZvels. qristianis mTeli
cxovreba uwyveti brZola unda iyos. mociquli mouwodebs qristianebs, rom am brZolisaTvis RvTis `yovlad
saWurveli~ Seimoson (6, 11), welni WeSmaritebiT Semoisalton da simarTlis jaWvi Caicvan, ferxni Seisxan,
------ 148 ------
winaswari cnebebi
raTa mSvidobis saxareba iqadagon yvelgan, xolo ZiriTadad ki sarwmunoebis fari, cxonebis Cafxuti da
sulis maxvili aiRon, romelic aris RvTis sityva da
ase SeiaraRebulebma mtkice brZola gaumarTon eSmakis
manqanebas da cisqveSeTis ukeTur sulebs, romelnic
adamianebs mudmivad itaceben codvisa da RvTis nebis
sawinaaRmdego gzaze. es samociqulo sakiTxavi (me-10_
me-17) zogierTi Rirsi mamis xsenebis dRes da monazvnad
aRkvecis dros ikiTxeba. amasTan, mTavari iaraRi unda
iyos locva da Tanac _ `yovelsa Jamsa~. borot (ukeTur) sulebs aq `soflis mpyrobelni~ ewodebaT. ara im
azriT, rom maT sofelze xelmwifeba aqvT micemuli,
aramed imitom, rom wuTisofelSi yovelgvari boroteba
da yvela boroti adamiani maT nebas asrulebs: isini
`borotebaSi myofi~ soflis mpyrobelni arian. gamoTqma `casa queSe~ aRniSnavs, rom ukeTuri sulebi casa
da miwas Soris yvelgan daxetialoben, yoveli mxridan
garsgvertymian, rogorc haeri gvekvris yoveli mxridan,
da mudmivad gvewebebian, `rogorc koRoebi nestian adgils~, _ xatovnad wers episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli. `RvTis yovlad saWurveli~ gansakuTrebiT aucilebelia CvenTvis, raTa SevZloT winaaRmdegoba gavuwioT
am borot sulebs `dResa mas borotsa~. am `borot
dReSi~ unda vigulisxmoT Cveni cxovrebis gansakuTrebiT gadamwyveti wuTebi, rogoricaa: sikvdili da saSineli samsjavro, roca valdebulni viqnebiT, angariSi
CavabaroT RmerTs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor ganvlieT
cxovreba. yovelive aqedan cxadia, rom qristianebi
qristes mxedrebi arian da valdebuleba aqvT, rom
ganuwyvetliv ebrZolon RvTisa da kacTa cxonebis
------ 149 ------

mters _ eSmaksa da mis msaxurebs da maTgan warmoqmnil yovelgvar borotebas. qristiani sruliad
Seurigebeli unda iyos yovelgvari satanuri borotebisa, magram, ra Tqma unda, maTTan qristianisTvis
Rirseuli saSualebebiT unda iomos (mux. 10-18).
epistoles dasasruls, romelic 19-24 muxlebs moicavs, wminda mociquli upirvelesad iTxovs, rom misTvis ilocon da amiT gvaswavlis, rom eklesiis locvebi ufro mniSvnelovania da aRmatebuli, vidre masSi
msaxurebisaTvis dadginebuli nebismieri piri. meorec,
igi saubrobs efesoelebTan tviqikes elCobaze, rom man
auwyos maT pavles saqmeTa Sesaxeb da amiT maTi gulebi
anugeSos.
wminda pavle mociquli Tavis epistoles ZmaTaTvis
mSvidobisa da siyvarulis surviliT da Cveuli samociqulo kurTxeviT asrulebs: `madli yovelTa Tana
moyuareTa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesTa uxrwnelebiT. amin~. ùxrwnelebiT~, _ wminda ioane oqropiris sityvebiT, niSnavs: ùcodvelad~.
------ 150 ------
winaswari cnebebi
epistole filipelTa mimarT

filipes eklesiis dafuZneba. filipes eklesia
wminda pavle mociqulma Tavisi meore samociqulo
mogzaurobis dros daaarsa. roca `warmarTTa didma
mociqulma~ Tavis TanamgzavrebTan da TanamuSakebTan
_ SilasTan, timoTesa da lukasTan erTad galatia da
frigia gaiara da egeosis napirebs miaRwia. suliwmindam
ar dauSva maTi wasvla arc samxreTiT _ asiaSi da arc
CrdiloeTiT _ biTviniaSi. aq, zRvispira qalaq troadaSi,
wminda pavles xilva hqonda. mis winaSe wardga vinme
makedoneli kaci da sTxova mas: `modi makedoniaSi da
dagvexmare~. varaudoben, rom igi makedoniis mcxovrebTa
mfarveli angelozi iyo. aseTi miTiTebis miRebisTanave
wminda pavle qalaq filipeSi zRviT, neapolis gavliT
gaemgzavra. filipe Trakiis sazRvarze, zRvasTan axlos
mdebareobda. qalaqma Tavisi saxelwodeba aleqsandre
makedonelis mamis _ filipesagan miiRo, romelmac aaSena
da gaamagra is (qristes xorcielad Sobamde 358 weli).
JamTaaRmwereli ambobs, rom ès aris pirveli qalaqi
makedoniis im nawilSi~ da Tanac _ `koloniis~. romaelebma,
roca makedonia misi bolo mefis _ persevsis dros daipyres,
is oTx olqad dayves, xolo imperatorma avgustusma, _
raTa makedoniaSi romaelTa gavlena gaeZlierebina, iq
italiis mravali cnobili moqalaqe gadaasaxla, romauli
garnizonic ganaTavsa da iq mcxovrebT italiis mkvidri
mosaxleobis uflebebi mianiWa. yovelive aman filipes
mniSvneloba imdenad gazarda, rom mas olqis mTavar
qalaqze, amfiopolze met pativs miagebdnen.
------ 151 ------

swored iq dahyo wminda mociqulma Tavis TanamgzavrebTan erTad ramdenime dRe ise, rom
araferi
moumoqmedebia. SabaTs isini qalaqgareT, iudevelTa samlocvelo saxlSi gaemgzavrnen da iq Sekrebil dedakacebs
qadagebiT mimarTes. maTgan erT-erTi, romelmac mociqulis qadageba miiRo, iyo ludia (saqm. 16, 14), ZoweuliT movaWre, `RvTis Tayvanismcemeli~, anu, rogorc
Cans, prozeliti (iudevelobis mimRebi warmarTi). man
irwmuna da moinaTla mTel Tavis saxleulTan erTad
da wminda pavles da mis Tanamgzavrebs TavSesafari
SesTavaza. misi saxli yvela morwmunisaTvis Sesakrebel
adgilad iqca. aqedan wminda pavlem Tavisi qadageba
warmarTebiskenac mimarTa ise, rom mdinaris piras arsebuli iudevelTa samlocvelo saxlis stumroba ar
miutovebia. yvelaferi warmatebiT da kargad midioda,
sanam erT_erTi warmarTuli ojaxis (rogorc Cans, sakmaod gavlenianis) sixarbem da angarebam xalxSi pavles
winaaRmdeg SfoTi ar gamoiwvia. mizezi is iyo, rom
wminda pavlem am ojaxis erT-erTi msaxuri qalidan,
romelsac Tavisi misnobiT didi Semosavali Semohqonda
Tavisi patronebisTvis, misnobis suli gandevna. roca
wminda pavle mociquls da masTan myofebs xvdeboda,
igi maT ukan dahyveboda da yviroda: èse kacni monani
arian RvTisa maRlisani, romelni gaxareben Tquen
gzaTa cxorebisaTa~ (saqm. 16, 17). roca wminda pavlem igrZno, rom liqnis sulis am qadagebas, SesaZloa,
WeSmaritebis sulis qadagebisTvis evno, man am suls aukrZala qadageba da uflis saxeliT igi msaxuri qalidan
gandevna. mterma amis gamo mTeli qariSxali atexa. msaxuri qalis batonebma dainaxes, rom Semosavlis wyaro
------ 152 ------
winaswari cnebebi
gauqraT, pavle da Sila Seipyres da moedanze qalaqisTavebTan miiyvanes. iq maT bralad wauyenes, rom èse
kacni aRsZrven qalaqsa amas Cuensa~, _ TiTqos isini
avrcelebdnen romaelebisTvis miuRebel da akrZalul
Cveulebebs. romis imperiis ukanaskneli kanonebis mixedviT, romis Sesustebuli saxelmwifoebrivi Zalis SenarCunebis mizniT, axali religiuri seqtebis Seqmna sisxlis
samarTlis danaSaulad iTvleboda. msaxuris batonebma
SesZles, rom saxarebis mqadagebelTa winaaRmdeg xalxis
brboc ganewyoT. qalaqis Tavebma mociqulebs tanisamosi
Semoaxies, maTi joxebiT cema brZanes da Semdeg dilegSi gamoamwyvdies. magram RvTis gangebulebiT wminda
pavles es dapatimreba misi ufro metad gandidebisa da
qadagebis warmatebis sawindari gaxda. SuaRamisas, roca
pavle da Sila RmerTs ugalobdnen, xolo sxva patimrebi maT usmendnen, uceb didi miwisZvra moxda ise, rom
dilegis saZirkveli Seirya, misi kari TavisTavad gaiRo
da yvela patimars borkilebi Seexsna. dilegis guSags
gamoeRviZa da ixila ra yovelive, xmali iZro da Tavismokvla moindoma, radgan egona, rom patimrebi gaiqcnen
da pasuxismgeblobis SeeSinda, magram pavlem daamSvida
igi, _ yvelani adgilze iyvnen. guSagma sanTeli moiTxova iqaurobis dasaTvaliereblad da darwmunda, rom
yovelive momxdari RvTis Zalis qmedeba iyo. amiT SeZrwunebuli, pavles fexebSi Cauvarda. mere is da Sila gareT gaiyvana da Seevedra: ùfalno, raY miRirs me yofad, raYTa vcxonde?~ maT upasuxes: `grwmenin ufali
iesu qriste, da scxonde Sen da yoveli saxli Seni~,
da uqadages uflis sityva mas da mTel mis saxleuls;
yvelam irwmuna da maSinve moinaTlnen.
------ 153 ------

amasobaSi, gaTenebisTanave qalaqis Tavebma, romlebmac wina dRes maTi cema dauSves, _ albaT, ufro
xalxis dasamSvideblad, vidre maTi danaSaulis rwmeniT,
_ axla maTi gaSveba brZanes. Tumca wminda pavlem, _
ueWvelad imis gamo, raTa maTi upatiod yofis gamo qadagebisaTvis miyenebuli cudi STabeWdileba aRexoca, _
moiTxova, rom qalaqis Tavebs maTTvis bodiSi moexadaT,
radgan isini romis moqalaqeebi iyvnen. qalaqis Tavebi
SeSindnen, rom samsjavros gareSe fizikurad dasajes
romis moqalaqeni, mividnen, bodiSi mouxades maT da
qalaqidan wasvla sTxoves. magram mociqulebi maSinve
ar wasulan, Tavidan lidias saxlSi mividnen, raTa maT
mier axaldaarsebuli qristianuli Temi sarwmunoebaSi
ganemtkicebinaT. mxolod mas Semdeg, rac TemisaTvis
aucilebeli saqmeebi moagvares, maT qalaqi filipe datoves (saqm. 16, 9-40). ase daarsda qristianuli Temi
filipeSi 51 an 52 wels.
filipedan wasvlisas wminda pavlem iq mokle droiT
Tavisi TanamoRvaweni _ luka da timoTe datova. pavles
urTierToba filipelebTan amiT ar damTavrebula. filipes eklesia yvelaze mxurvale da erTguli aRmoCnda
Tavisi damfuZneblis mimarT da qristianuli gulmowyalebisa da qvelmoqmedebis uxvi nayofi gamoiRo. pavle
mociqulisadmi filipelTa damokidebuleba usazRvro
siyvaruliT iyo aRniSnuli. sadac unda yofiliyo wminda mociquli, filipelebi mas moyvaruli Svilebis TvaliT umzerdnen da misi SromiTa da mwuxarebiT aRsavse
cxovrebaSi materialurad da moraluradac yovelTvis
mxarSi edgnen. aseTive siyvaruliT pasuxobda maT mociqulic. `Zmano Cemno sayuarelno da sasurvelno,
------ 154 ------
winaswari cnebebi
sixarulno da gKrgKnno Cemno~, _ ase mimarTavda maT

mociquli Tavis epistoleSi (filip. 4, 1). filipelebs
araerTxel gaugzavniaT misTvis daxmareba TesalonikeSi
(filip. 4, 16), agreTve, rogorc Cans, korinToSic (2 kor.
11, 8-9). roca mociquli romSi, keisris samsjavroze gagzavnes (62-63 ww.), filipelebma Tavisi uxucesi mRvdeli
epafrodite wargzavnes masTan fuladi SemweobiT.
wminda pavle yovel SemTxvevas iyenebda, raTa piradad swveoda filipelebs, roca amis saSualeba eZleoda. misi mesame samociqulo mogzaurobisas man sami
weli dahyo efesoSi da roca aqaiaSi wasvla gadawyvita, iq makedoniis gavliT gaemgzavra da Cavida rogorc
filipeSi, aseve sxva qalaqebSic. SeiZleba vivaraudoT,
rom es orjer moxda (saqm. 19, 21; 20, 3-6).
epistoles daweris mizezi da mizani. roca wminda pavle mociquli Tavisi mesame misioneruli mogzaurobisas ierusalimSi gaemgzavra, mas iq gaafTrebuli
iudevelebi daesxnen Tavs da daapatimres. man keisris
samsjavro moiTxova, ris Semdegac igi romSi gagzavnes.
mTel am dros filipelebi mis daxmarebas cdilobdnen,
razedac wminda mociquli Tavad migvaniSnebs (filip.
4, 10), magram garemoeba maT xels ar uwyobda. xolo,
roca mociquli romSi Cavida, filipelebma mas didZali
fuladi Semweoba Seugroves da epafrodites xeliT
gaugzavnes, romelsac wminda mociquli Tavis Zmas, TanaSemwes da Tanamosagres uwodebs (filip. 2, 25). roca
filipelTagan epafrodites xeliT Sesawiri miiRo, rogorc aRsavse `suliTa surnelebisaTa, msxuerpliTa
miT SewiruliTa saTnoTa RvTisaYTa~ (filp. 4, 18),
------ 155 ------

wminda pavlem maSin Seityo, rom filipelebi marTalia, erTi mxriv, mas gulSematkivrobdnen da qristes
devnili sarwmunoebis bedzec didad wuxdnen, magram,
meore mxriv, devnilobis mdgomareobis simZimem maTSi
sulmokleoba da SiSi gamoiwvia, ris gamoc sarwmunoebis mtrebis winaSe brZolaSi erTsulovnebis naklebobam
iCina Tavi. wminda pavlem SemdgomSi isic Seityo, rom
filipes qristianuli Temis gansxvavebuli erovnebis
mqone wevrTa Soris erTmaneTis mimarT qedmaRloba da
kamaTi SeiniSneboda, rac, sabolood, seriozul uTanxmoebamde mivida. SesaZloa, iqac morwmuneebs iudauri
Cveulebebis mimdevari qristianebi aSfoTebdnen iseve,
rogorc yvela sxva adgilas, sadac qristianuli Temebi
iqmneboda. bolos, epafroditem wminda mociquls ramdenime piris Sesaxeb Seatyobina, rom isini filipelTaTvis
sacdurs warmoadgendnen. yovelive aman, erTobliobaSi,
wminda pavle filipelTa mimarT epistoles dasawerad
ganawyo. Tumca male, epafrodites mosvla mwuxarebam
daCrdila: epafrodite avad gaxda da Tanac ise mZimed,
rom sikvdilis piras mivida; es filipelebmac Seityves.
magram RmerTma Seiwyala igi da ara mxolod igi, àramed meca, raTa ara mwuxareba mwuxarebasa zeda
damerTos~ (filip. 2, 27), _ ambobs pavle mociquli.
roca epafrodite imdenad gamojansaRda, rom gzis siZneleebis atana SeeZlo, wminda pavlem igi TavisianebTan
gagzavna da Tan sakuTari epistole gaatana.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo zemoT aRniSnuli garemoebebidan, epistoles mTavar mizans filipelTa mimarT
siyvarulisa da madlierebis gamoxatva warmoadgenda;
aseve, maTi Seqeba, _ rogorc erTguli da piruTvneli
------ 156 ------
winaswari cnebebi
morwmuneebisa. TavisTavad cxadia, mociqulis epistole
gverds ver auvlida sarwmunoebriv da zneobriv darigebebs, Tumca es mocemulia Cveuli mkacri logikuri
Tanmimdevrobis gareSe. winamdebare epistole ar aris
dogmatur da zneobriv nawilebad dayofili, rogorc
es, Cveulebriv, damaxasiaTebelia wminda pavles epistoleebisTvis: is kerZo da araoficialur xasiaTs atarebs
da ufro mamobriv-megobruli werilia, _ mSvidi da
nazi grZnobebiT aRsavse. swored im grZnobiT aRsavse,
romelic wminda pavlesa da filipelTa Soris damyarda.
am epistoleSi verc mxilebis simkacres vxedavT, verc
dabejiTebiT miTiTebebs, verc mbrZaneblur samociqulo
gankargulebebs. misTvis gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia swored am elementis _ mxilebis ararseboba.
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. filipelTa
mimarT daweris dro iqidan Cans, rom wminda pavle
masSi patimrobidan male gaTavisuflebis da filipeSi
Casvlis imeds gamoTqvams (1, 25, 26; 2, 24); agreTve, iqidan, rom masSi igi atyobinebs, rom mis mier qadagebuli
sarwmunoeba keisris saxlamdec vrceldeboda (4, 22).
is, rom wminda mociquli am dros romis sapatimroSi
imyofeboda, pretoriis Sesaxeb ambis Txrobidan Cans (1,
13), xolo es rom pirveli patimroba iyo da ara meore, iqidan Cans, rom mociquli filipelebs misalmebas
ugzavnis timoTesTan erTad: `pavle da timoTe, monani iesu qristesni, yovelTa wmidaTa qriste iesuYs
mier, romelni xarT filipes Sina, episkoposTa Tana
da diakonTa: madli Tquenda da mSKdobaY RvTisa
mier mamisa Cuenisa da uflisa iesu qristesa~ (1, 1),
------ 157 ------

romelic masTan erTad ar iyo misi meore patimrobis
dros (2 tim. 4, 9, 10). yvela zemoT moxseniebuli mosazrebidan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom epistole filipelTa
mimarT dawerilia romSi, 63 wlis bolos an 64 wlis
dasawyisSi.
epistoles Sinaarsi da misi dayofa. epistole filipelTa mimarT mxolod oTx Tavs Seicavs da, Tumc
masSi gadmocemis iseTi naTeli da garkveuli gegma ar
aris, rogorc sxva epistoleebSi, magram mainc, misi
Sinaarsi SeiZleba Semdegnairad davyoT: 1) Cveulebrivi
winasityvaoba zedwarweriTa da misalmebiT (1, 1, 2) da
epistoles dasawyisi (1, 3-11); 2) uwyeba sakuTar Tavze,
kerZod, saxarebis warmatebebsa da misdami Tavis ganwyobasa da imedebze (1, 12-26) da am saxarebis Sesaferisi
cxovrebis Sesaxeb darigeba (1, 27-2, 18); 3) uwyeba Tavis
ganzraxvebze: filipelebTan timoTes wargzavnisa (2,
19-24) da epifrodites ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb (2, 2530); 4) Segoneba iudauri Cveulebebis mimdevarTagan ganrinebis Sesaxeb (3, 1-3) da misabaZad sakuTar magaliTze
miTiTeba (3, 4-16). dasasrul, mociquli zogierT pirs
Seagonebs da maTTan erTad yvelasTvis saerTo darigebas iZleva, Tu rogor gamoavlinon TavianT cxovrebaSi qristianuli cxovrebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSanTvisebebi (4, 2-9). Cveul bolosityvaobaSi mociquli
misTvis gagzavnil Semweobas ixsenebs, yvelas mokiTxvas
uTvlis da kurTxevas gadascems (4, 10-23).
epistoles egzegetikuri garCeva. epistole iwyeba
zedwarweriT: `pavle da timoTe, monani iesu qri------ 158 ------
winaswari cnebebi
stesni, yovelTa wmidaTa qriste iesuYs mier, romelni xarT filipes Sina, episkoposTa Tana da diakonTa~ (1, 1). rogorc Cans, wminda pavle aq timoTes
imitom moixseniebs, rom is wminda pavlesTan erTad iRvwoda filipelTa pirveli moqcevisas da maTTvis axlobeli iyo. Tavisi ukiduresi simdablidan gamomdinare,
wminda mociquli masTan erTad Tavis Tavsac mxolod
`qristes monas~ uwodebs da Tavis samociqulo Rirsebas
ar aRniSnavs, rogorc sxva oficialur epistoleebSi;
iq, sadac es saWiro iyo epistoles ufro didi avtoritetulobisaTvis. èpiskoposTa Tana da diakonTa~ _
`nuTu erT qalaqSi mravali episkoposi iyo? _ kiTxvas
svams wminda ioane oqropiri _ da Tavad pasuxobs: _
ara. mociqulma ase uwoda xucesebs. rameTu maSin es
saxelwodebebi saerTo iyo~. `wmindani~ ewodeboda yvela morwmunes, rogorc suliwmidis madliT ganwmendilebs. Semdeg, Cveulebisamebr, modis dalocva: `madli
Tquenda da mSKdobaY RvTisa mier mamisa Cuenisa da
uflisa iesu qristesa~ (1, 2).
pirvel TavSi mociquli RvTisadmi madlierebas
gamoxatavs im gulmodginebis gamo, romelsac filipelebi qristes saxarebis gavrcelebaSi iCendnen da loculobs, rom maT mier damowmebuli siyvaruli ùfroYs
da umetes gardaerios mecnierebiTa da yovliTa frTxilebiTa~, raTa isini iyvnen `WeSmarit da
daubrkolebel dRedmde qriste iesuYsa, aRsavseni
nayofiTa simarTlisaYTa~. cxadia, mociquls miaCnia,
rom filipelTa qvelmoqmedeba RmerTs miemarTeba da
ara _ piradad mas; igi evedreba RmerTs, rom filipelebma, romlebic sul ufro warematebian qvelmoq------ 159 ------

medebaSi, Rirseulad Seamzadon sakuTari Tavi `dRedmde qriste iesuYsa~, anu qristes meored mosvlisa da
saSineli samsjavrosaTvis (1, 3-11).
filipelTa SeSfoTebas, _ romSi mis mier gadatanili gansacdelis gamo, _ mociquli maTTvis imis uwyebiT acxrobs, rom iq misma patimrobam didad Seuwyo
xeli qristes Sesaxeb misi qadagebis warmatebas. romSi
mociqulis patimrad yofnis cnobam (romelic swrafad
gavrcelda), qristianTa umravlesoba friad gaamxneva
da RvTis sityvis uSiSrad gavrceleba daawyebina. maT
dainaxes, rom patimrobaSi myofi mociqulis qadagebas aramcTu raime ubedureba ar gamouwvevia misTvis,
aramed, piriqiT _ saxelic ki gauTqva uwarCinebules
adamianTa Soris da TviT pretoriaSic, _ rogorc maSin
mefis sasaxles uwodebdnen. Tumca marTalia, zogierTebi qadagebdnen ara gulwrfelad, aramed `SuriT da
PdomiT~,* zogjer ki mociqulisTvis usiamovnebis miyenebis mizniTac ki, magram mociquls isic uxaria, rom
mainc, ase Tu ise, qristes saxareba msoflioSi vrceldeba. zogierTi, SesaZloa, mociqulis sawinaaRmdegod,
misi gankargulebis gareSe moqmedebda, magram yovel
SemTxvevaSi, isini mwvaleblebi ar iyvnen. Tavisi Tavis
gamo mociquls ar eSinia, mas sikvdilic ver aSinebs _
`rameTu Cemda cxorebaY qriste ars, da sikudili
SesaZinel~ (1, 12-21). mociquls uZneldeba arCevanis
gakeTeba sicocxlesa da sikvdils Soris: `guli metyKs
ganslvad da qristes Tana yofad~ _ ai, ra surs mas,
magram, meore mxriv, esmis, rom misi sicocxle saWiroa
* kamaTis siyvaruliT
------ 160 ------
winaswari cnebebi
saxarebis saqmis gasagrZeleblad: `xolo dadgromaY
PorcTa Sina unebeladre TquenTKs~.
Semdeg mociquli Tavisi male gaTavisuflebis da
filipelebTan Sexvedris imeds gamoTqvams. misi winaswarTqma marTlac aRsrulda. mociquli Seagonebs filipelebs: `Rirsad xolo saxarebisa mis qristesisa vidodeT~. aseTi cxovrebis ZiriTad Tvisebas, igi iqve
miuTiTebs: `sdgaT Tquen erTiTa suliTa da erTiTa
gonebiTa da Tana-iRuwiT sarwmunoebasa mas saxarebisasa~. WeSmaritebaSi es mtkice dgoma, erTsulovneba
da uSiSari aRmsarebloba, _ risi danaxvac wminda pavle
mociquls Tavis filipel mowafeebSi surda, _ TiToeuli WeSmariti qristianis pirveli da ZiriTadi Tvisebaa.
misTvis suliT mtrul wuTisofelSi qristes eklesia
mebrZoli eklesia unda iyos, xolo misi mimdevrebi _
WeSmaritebis gamo tanjvisTvis ganmzadebuli mebrZolni
da aRmsarebelni (1, 22-30).
meore TavSi wminda mociquli filipelebs Seagonebs,
rom srul erTsulovnebas da siyvaruls daumaton meore mniSvnelovani Tviseba _ simdable, riTac WeSmariti
qristianuli cxovreba xasiaTdeba. simdablis umaRles
nimuSad da misabaZ magaliTad qristianebs TviT qriste
hyavT, romelmac Tavi jvarcmiT sikvdilamde daimdabla:
èse zraxvaY izraxeboden Tquen Soris, romelca-igi
qriste iesuYs mier. romeli-igi xati RvTisaY iyo,
ara natacebad Seiracxa yofad igi sworebad RvTisa,
aramed Tavi TKsi daimdabla da xati monisaY miiRo
da msgavs kacTa iqmna da xatiTa ipova viTarca kaci;
daimdabla Tavi TKsi da iqmna igi morCil vidre sikudiladmde da sikudiliTa miT juarisaYTa~ (2, 5-8).
------ 161 ------

aq gamoxatulia RmerTis TviTdamdablebis, TviTdamcirebis sulis SemZvreli suraTi _ `saRvTo damdableba~
kacTa cxonebisaTvis, rogorc mibaZvisaTvis STamagonebeli magaliTi: Tuki mxolodSobili Ze damdablda, Cven,
ubadrukma codvilebma, Tavi rogor ar unda davimdabloT? aq simdablisaTvis bunebrivi waqezebaa qristes
yvela WeSmariti mimdevrisaTvis, radganac am sityvebSi
Ze RvTisas ganxorcielebazea saubari, soflad mis kacad gamoCinebaze, amitom filipelTa mimarT epistoles
es adgili Semdegi sami muxliT: 9, 10, 11 RvTismSoblis
dResaswaulebis saRvTo liturgiaze ikiTxeba. Ze RvTisas simdablem misi gandideba ganapiroba: àmisTKsca igi
RmerTman umetesad aRamaRla da mianiWa mas saxeli
uzeSTaesi ufroYs yovelTa saxelTaYsa~ (mux. 9). ra
Tqma unda, aq saubaria gankacebuli Ze RvTisas amaRlebaze misi kacobrivi bunebiT, ese igi, imaze, rom misi
simdablis gamo, kacobrivi bunebac, romelic man miiRo,
ganRmrTobilia da Seyvanilia RmrTeebis didebasa da
ZalaSi. Ze RvTisas am TviTdamdablebas Sedegad unda
mohyves is, rom mis winaSe `yoveli muPli modrkes
zecisaTani da queyanisaTani da quesknelTani~ (mux.
10), ese igi, yoveli qmnileba _ zecierni, anu angelozni
RvTisani, miwierni _ cocxali adamianebi, da qvesknelisani _ anu mkvdrebi. `da yovelman enaman aRuaros,
rameTu ufali iesu qriste sadidebelad RvTisa mamisa~ (mux. 11), rac niSnavs, rom yvelani ganadideben
mas, rogorc ufalsa da RmerTs, didebiT mama RmerTis
Tanaswors. amis Semdeg, wminda pavle filipelebs maTi
morCilebisTvis aqebs da zneobrivi xasiaTis darigebebs
aZlevs da Seagonebs: `SiSiT da ZrwoliT TKssa cx------ 162 ------
winaswari cnebebi
orebasa iqmodeT~ (mux. 12. Sdr. fsalm. 2, 11), amasTan,

urCevs, rom yovelive udrtvinvelad da eWvSeurevnelad
gaakeTon, raTa RvTis umanko da ubralo Svilebi iyvnen
gaxrwnil da undo modgmas Soris. aq yuradRebas ipyrobs gamoTqma: `rameTu RmerTi ars, romeli Seiqms
Tquen Tana nebasaca da Sewevnasa saTnoebisaTKs~ (2,
13). es, ra Tqma unda, adamianis nebis Tavisuflebas ar
anadgurebs, aramed mxolod imaze miuTiTebs, rom WeSmariti keTilmsaxureba RvTis niWia, romelic TavmdabalT eZleva. magram RmerTi mxolod aRZravs adamianSi
keTil saqmeTa survils Tavisi madlis moqmedebiT, xolo
gamoexmaureba Tu ara adamiani, es mxolod masze, mis
Tavisufal nebazea damokidebuli. RvTis madli mxolod
Seeweva adamians keTil saqmeebSi, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom igi saqmesac adamianis nacvlad akeTebs. roca
dedas axalfexadgmuli bavSvi xelCakidebuli mihyavs,
is mxolod exmareba mas, magram mis magivrad nabijebs
ar dgams. aseTivea Rirsi makaris swavliT Cvens keTil
saqmeebSi RvTis Tanamoqmedeba (12-18).
meore Tavis danarCen nawilSi wminda pavle mociquli
filipelebs Tavisi ganzraxvis Sesaxeb auwyebs. mas mxedvelobaSi aqvs is, rom misi xvedri aRelvebs da hpirdeba
maT, rom Tavis erTgul TanaSemwes, timoTes gaugzavnis,
rogorc ki masze keisris samsjavro dasruldeba (19-23).
am elCobis meore mizania, rom filipelTa cxovrebis
Sesaxeb zusti cnobebi miiRos, raTa mSvidad iyos maT
gamo. `hoi, rogori nazi siyvaruliT uyvarda mas makedonia, _ ambobs amis Sesaxeb wminda ioane oqropiri, _
es udidesi mzrunvelobis niSania, roca male misvlis
saSualeba ara aqvs da mowafes gzavnis; ver iTmens, rom
------ 163 ------

mcire xniT mainc ar icodes iq mimdinare movlenebis
Sesaxeb. timoTes ki imitom gzavnis mociquli, rom is
aris misTvis yvelaze erTguli adamiani, visi ndobac
yvelaferSi SeuZlia~ (mux. 20-22-ze).
wminda mociqulma suliwmidisgan ueWvelad icis, rom
gaTavisufldeba da filipelebs aRuTqvams, rom male
miva maTTan. jerjerobiT ki mociquli epafrodites
gzavnis, radgan epafrodite romSi avad iyo da filipelebma araferi icodnen misi avadmyofobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da amis gamo Zalze Relavdnen. mociquli
epafrodites filipelebTan gzavnis da mas gaweuli
SromisTvis aqebs: igi patimrobaSi myofi mociqulis
dasamSvideblad Cavida filipedan romSi, 1000 kilometrze met manZilze da iq mZime sneulebiT daavadda.
wminda mociquli mas Tavis Zmas, TanaSemwes da TanamoRvawes uwodebs da sTxovs filipelebs: `SeiwynareT ege
uflisa mier yovliTa sixaruliTa~ da pativi scen.
mesame TavSi wminda mociquli filipelebs sauflo
sixaruls Seagonebs da maT iudevelTagan garidebas urCevs. iudevelebi yvela warmarTs da maTTan urTierTobaSi myof ebraelebs `ZaRlebs~ uwodebdnen. mociquls
ufro samarTlianad miaCnia, rom es metsaxeli TviT maT
mimarT gamoiyenos. èkrZalebodeT ZaRlTa maTgan,
_ wers igi, _ borotTa maTgan muSakTa, xedevdiT*
gankueTilebasa mas~. WeSmariti winadacveTilebi, mociqulis sityvebiT, isini arian, `romelni suliTa
RvTisa msaxureben da iqadian qriste iesuYs mier da
ara PorcTa esaven~ (3, 1-3). winadacveTas mociquli aq
* moerideT
------ 164 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ironiulad gankueTas uwodebs da misi damcireba surs,
radgan man Tavisi mniSvneloba dakarga: adre is rCeuli eris beWedi iyo, axla ki sxeulis nawilis ubralo
mokveTad iqca, yovelgvari mniSvnelobis gareSe.
Semdeg mociquli Tavis Tavze saubrobs, rom mas SeeZlo, iudauri xorcieli upiratesobiT sxvaze aranaklebad da SesaZloa, ufro metadac ki eamaya, magram man
yovelive es dauteva `qristesTKs zRvevad~: `Semiracxies igi nagevad, raYTa qriste SeviZino~ (3, 8). igi
iudevelia aramxolod dabadebiT, aramed, agreTve, gazrdilia farisevelTa skolaSi da iyo qristes eklesiis
moSurne mdevneli. ZvelaRTqmiseuli marTlobis TvalsazrisiT, mas SeeZlo, Tavi ùbiwod~ mieCnia, magram
axla igi amas upiratesobad ki ara, amaoebad miiCnevs da
erTaderTi, rasac eZiebs _ es aris ieso qristes Semecneba, mis vnebaTa Tanaziareba da mkvdreTiT aRdgomis
miRweva (mux. 9-11). Tavmdabali mociquli miiCnevs, rom
srulyofilebas jer ver miaRwia, igi misken mxolod
iswrafvis: `vsdev egreT, raYTa vewio, romliTaca
wevnul viqmen qriste iesuYs mier~. qristesadmi Tavis
mimarTvas mociquli im saxiT warmoadgens, TiTqos, ufali misdevda mas, bolos daewia da daiWira. ùkuanasa
mas daviviwyeb da winasa mas mivswudebi, da krZalulebiT vsdev gKrgKnsa mas zecisa Cinebisa RvTisasa qriste iesuYs mier~, _ araferi ise ar hyofs Cvens
saTnoebebs amaod da ar gvaampartavnebs, rogorc Cven
mier qmnili sikeTis damaxsovreba. amitomac ambobs mociquli, rom igi Tavis yvela sikeTes iviwyebs da mudam
gulmodginebiT miiltvis win, umaRlesi qristianuli
srulyofilebisaken (mux. 12-14).
------ 165 ------

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mivaqcioT mociqulis Semdeg sityvebs: `raodenni ukue srulni
varT, amas vzraxvideT; da sxuasa Tu rasme zraxvideT, da igica RmerTman gamo-ve-gicxados Tquen.
garna, romelsa-ese mivswueTiT, masve vzraxvideT
da masve wessa zeda vegneT~ (mux. 15-16), radgan
maTi argumentad moyvana uyvarT mistikur seqtebs,
romelnic saeklesio ierarqias uaryofen da mTlianad Sinagani gabrwyinebisa da suliwmidis damoZRvris
imedad arian. moyvanili sityvebi srulebiTac ar niSnavs, rom TiToeuls ise SeuZlia gansajos da aswavlos, rogorc moeprianeba da RmerTi aseT pirs
WeSmaritebas ganucxadebs. konteqstSi aq sxva azria
gamoTqmuli. roca ambobs, `raodenni ukue srulni
varT, amas vzraxvideT~, mociquli sakuTriv marTlobisa da sakuTari araraobis Sesaxeb Tavmdablurad
azrovnebas gulisxmobs, qriste-macxovris damsaxurebasTan SedarebiT, sakuTar Tavze aseTi mdabali warmodgena (àrRara Semiracxies Tavi Cemi warwevnulad~) aucilebelia sarwmunoebaSi ganmtkicebuli yvela srulyofili qristianisTvis. ase ganmartavs amas
wminda ioane oqropiric, roca ambobs: ès dogmatebze
ki ar iTqva, aramed cxovrebis srulyofaze da imaze,
rom ar CavTvaloT Tavi srulyofilad. sxuasa Tu
rasme zraxvideT _ Tuki amaze sxvagvarad fiqrobT,
darwmunebuli var, rom RmerTi gamogicxadebT Tqveni azrovnebis cdomilebas da sakuTar Tavze mdabal
azramde migiyvanT, rameTu vinc fiqrobs, rom yovelives miaRwia, mas arafrisTvis miuRwevia~. `garna,
romelsa-ese mivswueTiT, masve vzraxvideT da masve
------ 166 ------
winaswari cnebebi
wessa zeda vegneT~*. es Semdegnairad unda gavigoT:

yvelaferSi sindiss unda vusminoT da rasac is WeSmaritad da aucileblad aRiarebs _ is miviRoT, da
masTan SevaTanxmoT Cveni cxovrebis wesebi da saqmeebi.
azrovnebis da cxovrebis wesi Cven unda SevaTanxmoT
imasTan, rasac mivaRwieT da rac gavigeT, raSic davrwmundiT. ekumenosi amas ase ganmartvs: `sanam RmerTi
gagvicxadebs, manamde im doneze vidgeT, rasac mivaRwieT, raTa ukve miRweuli ar davkargoT~.
amis Semdeg wminda pavle filipelebs Seagonebs, rom
samagaliTod misi cxovreba airCion, xolo imaT mibaZvas
eridon, vinc qristes jvris mtersaviT iqceva da `romelTa aRsasruli warwymedaY ars, romelTa RmerT
muceli ars da didebaY - sircxKlsa Sina maTsa,
romelni queyanisasa zraxven~. aq is adamianebi igulisxmeba, romelnic mTlianad xorciel cxovrebasa da
miwier siamovnebebs miecnen, vrceli da farTo gziT
vlenan da ar surT, eziaron qristes jvarcmas, rogorc
es WeSmarit qristianebs SeeferebaT. `mombaZeT, _ ambobs
mociquli, _ viwro, SeWirvebuli da TviTvnebis jvarsaxovani gziT siarulSi, rameTu Cven, qristianebs, ar
SegvSvenis miwaze miwebeba, radgan Cveni `moqalaqobaY
caTa Sina ars, vinaYca macxovarsa moveliT, ufalsa
iesu qristesa~, romelic Cvens damcirebul sxeuls ise
ganaaxlebs, rom igi mis didebul sxeuls daemsgavseba~,
_ ara miwierze, aramed zeciurze unda ifiqron WeSmaritma qristianebma da caTa sasufevlis wesebiTa da
* rasac mivaRwieT, ise unda vimsjeloT da im wesebiT vicxovroT
------ 167 ------

kanonebiT cxovrebas mieCvion.
meoTxe Tavs Seadgens Segonebebi: èsreT mtkiced
degiT uflisa mier~, rogorc axlaxan aswavlida mociquli. igi filipelTa mimarT gulisSemZvreli mimarTviT iwyeba, romelic gviCvenebs, Tu raoden Zvirfasni
iyvnen isini (filipelebi) mociqulisTvis. igi maT ase
uwodebs: `Zmano Cemno sayuarelno da sasurvelno,
sixarulno da gKrgKnno Cemno~. Semdeg modis mimarTva ori dedakacisadmi _ evodiasa da svintviqosadmi:
`hzraxvideT uflisa mier~. aSkaraa, rom isini gavleniani dedakacebi iyvnen da maTi uTanxmoeba qristianuli
sarwmunoebis ZiriTad WeSmaritebasTan SesaZloa, sxvaTaTvis garkveulwilad saziano yofiliyo. amitom wminda mociqulma saWirod CaTvala, isini gansakuTrebulad
Seegonebina. me-3 muxlSi mociquli erT-erT Tavis TanamuSaks mimarTavs (misi saxeli ucnobia) da sTxovs, rom
daexmaros zemoT moxseniebuli dedakacebis SegonebaSi,
`romelni-ege saxarebasa mas Tana-moRuawe meqmnes me
klementosiTurT, da sxuaTa maT Tana-SemweTa CemTa~. aq naxseneb `klementosSi~, rogorc wesi, wminda
klimentis gulisxmoben, romelic romis episkoposi iyo
linusisa da anakletusis Semdeg. dasasrul, mociquli
TiToeulisTvis saerTo darigebas iZleva: yovelTvis
unda uxaroden uflis mier, iyvnen mSvidni; ar unda
miecnen mravalmSfoTvare cxovrebiseul sazrunavebs da
locvaSi, RvTis winaSe, unda gaacxadon Tavisi survilebi. yovelive es qristianuli cxovrebis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebia. aseTi cxovrebis Sedegs ki warmoadgens mSvidoba RvTisa, `romeli hmats yovelTa
gonebaTa~ da romelic daicavs gulsa da gonebas, anu
------ 168 ------
winaswari cnebebi
vnebebiT gamowveul yvela grZnobasa da azrs, yovelgvari uwesrigobisagan. mociquls sxva arafris CamoTvla
ar surs imisgan, rac qristianis movaleobebSi Sedis.
bolos aswavlis, rom yvela saTnoebaze unda ifiqron,
`romelca-igi iswaveT da miiReT...~ da maSin _ `RmerTi mSKdobisaY iyavn Tquen Tana~ (mux. 1-9).
bolosityvaobaSi wminda mociquli ixseniebs misTvis
gagzavnil Semweobas da filipelTa am mzrunvelobis
gamo sixaruls gamoxatavs; da Tumc igi arafers saWiroebs, magram misTvis Zvirfasi da sasiamovnoa es mzrunveloba, romliTac filipelebi yvela sxva eklesiisgan
gamoirCevian da adrec araerTxel gaugzavniaT misTvis
Semweoba. axlandeli ZRveni ki (romelic epafrodites
xeliT gaugzavnes), mociqulma miiRo rogorc `suliTa
surnelebisaYTa, msxuerpliTa miT SewiruliTa saTnoTa RvTisaYTa~. bolos, wminda mociquli moikiTxavs
`yovelTa wmidaTa qriste iesus mier~, anu TiToeul
qristians da iZleva Cveul kurTxevas (mux. 10-23).
------ 169 ------
epistole kolaselTa mimarT

kolaseSi qristes eklesiis dafuZneba. qalaqi kolase (kolosi) mcire aziis frigiis mxareSi, mdinare
likiis napiras mdebareobs. Zvelad is didi da mdidari
qalaqi iyo. wignSi _ `saqme mociqulTa~ _ es qalaqi ar
ixsenieba da kolases eklesiis daarsebis Sesaxeb aranairi
zusti cnobebi ar gagvaCnia. SeiZleba, mxolod, vivaraudoT, rom kolases eklesia an uSualod wminda mociqul
pavles mier aris daarsebuli frigiaze gavlisas, an misi
mowafeebis mier. `mociqulTa saqmedan~ Cans, rom wminda
mociqulma pavlem orjer gaiara frigia: Tavisi meore
samociqulo mogzaurobisas, gzad evropisaken (saqm. 16,
6) da mesame mogzaurobisas, gzad efesosaken (saqm. 18,
23). kolase mudmiv savaWro urTierTobaSi iyo efesosTan, sadac wminda pavle Tavisi mesame mogzaurobisas
or-naxevari wlis ganmavlobaSi imyofeboda. SeiZleba
vivaraudoT, rom Tu pavle mociquli Tavad ar yofila kolaseSi, maSin qristianoba iq misi mowafeebis _
epafraisisa da filimonis mier aris danergili. wminda
pavle mociquli epafraiss Tavis sayvarel TanaSemwes
uwodebs da kolaselTa mimarT epistoleSi pirdapir
ambobs: `gesma da scanT madli igi RvTisaY WeSmaritebiT, viTarca-igi iswaveT epafraYsgan, sayuarelisa Tana-monisa Cuenisa, romel-igi ars sarwmuno
Tquenda mimarT msaxuri qristesi~ (kol. 1, 6, 7). me-4
Tavis 12-13 muxlebidan Cans, rom epafraiss davalebuli
hqonda rogorc qalaq kolases qristianTa, aseve mezobeli qalaqebis _ laodikiis (im mxaris mTavari qalaqis)
------ 170 ------
winaswari cnebebi
da ieropolis morwmuneTa sulieri mzrunveloba. wminda mociquli filimons _ Tavis sayvarel TanaSemwes, mis
Svils _ arqipos ki Tavis Tanamosagres uwodebs (filim.
1, 1, 2). kolaselTa mimarT epistoleSi igi arqiposaTvis
gadasacemad gzavnis Semdeg darigebas: èkrZale msaxurebasa mas, romeli miiRe uflisa mier, raYTa igi
aRasrulo~ (kol. 4, 17).
kolaselTa mimarT epistoles zogierTi adgili gvafiqrebinebs, rom wminda mociquli piradad kolaseSi ar
yofila, Tumca meore mxriv, is amas kategoriulad ar
amtkicebs (1, 4; 2, 1). episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli
gvTavazobs SevCerdeT im varaudze, rom wminda pavle
mociquli kolaseSi ar yofila, Tumca arc mis iq yofnas gamoricxavs. yovel SemTxvevaSi, kolaseSi qristianobis warmoSoba misi damsaxurebaa.
epistoles daweris mizezi da mizani. TviT epistoles Sinaarsidan Cans, rom misi daweris mizezi gaxda
mavani crumoZRvrebis gamoCena, romelnic qristianuli
sarwmunoebis siwmindes emuqrebodnen da pavle mociqulis survili, rom kolaselebi am crumoZRvrebiT gatacebisgan exsna. im sityvebidan, romliTac wminda pavle
am crumoZRvrebs axasiaTebs (2, 4; 2, 8; 2, 16), Cans,
rom es crumoZRvrebani mkacrad gansazRvrul romelime
sistemas ar warmoadgendnen da sicxadiT da garkveulobiT ar gamoirCeodnen, _ es iyo warmarTuli filosofiis, gnosticizmis sawyisebis da iudevelobis erTgvari nazavi, da sakvebTan, dResaswaulebTan da winadacveTasTan mimarTebiT Zvel dadgenilebebs misdevda
(2, 11-15). aRniSnuli crumoZRvrebis gamoCenis Sesaxeb
------ 171 ------

wminda pavles, _ romelic im dros romSi patimrobaSi
imyofeboda, _ epafraisma Seatyobina da manve sTxova
Tavis moZRvars kolaselTa mimarT epistoles dawera.
epistoles mizani kolaselTa gafrTxileba iyo, raTa
isini ar cdunebuliyvnen TeosofosTa Semparavi sityvebiT, rom TiTqos vinme sxvaze _ garda ieso qristesi _
SeiZlebodes dayrdnoba da sasoebis damyareba (ambrosiaste) da amasTan, maTi darwmuneba imaSi, rom mtkiced
mdgariyvnen, rogorc udavo WeSmaritebaze, im swavlebaze, romelic maT epafraisma _ `romel-igi ars sarwmunoY Tquenda mimarT msaxuri qristesi~ _ amcno
(1, 7; 4, 12, 13).
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. epistoleSi
wminda pavle mociquli orjer ixseniebs, rom igi patimrobaSi imyofeba (kol. 4, 3, 18). es iyo pirveli romauli
patimroba, radgan am dros mociqulTan timoTe imyofeboda, romelic meore patimrobisas mas Tan ar axlda.
igi filipelTa mimarT epistoleze adre da filimonis
epistoles Tanadroulad aris dawerili. Sesabamisad,
misi daweris adgili romia, dro ki, daaxloebiT, 61 an
62 weli. epistole kolaseSi tviqikosisa da onisimes xeliT iqna gagzavnili; am ukanasknels, amas garda, kidev
sxva, gansakuTrebuli epistole mihqonda mociqulisgan
Tavisi yofili batonis _ filimonis mimarT (4, 7-9).
epistoles Sinaarsi da misi dayofa. kolaselTa
mimarT epistole oTx Tavs Seicavs. masSi mTavari Tema
crumoZRvarTa uaryofaa, romlebic imis damtkicebas
cdilobdnen, rom TiTqos, RmerTTan misvla da cxoneba
------ 172 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ufal ieso qristes gareSec iyo SesaZlebeli. epistole
Semdeg nawilebad iyofa:
1) winasityvaoba (1, 1-11);
2) sarwmunoebiTi nawili (1, 12; 2, 23);
3) zneobriTi nawili (3, 4-6);
4) bolosityvaoba (4, 7-18).
epistoles egzegetikuri garCeva. rogorc yovelTvis, epistole iwyeba zedwarweriTa da misalmebiT: `pavle, mociquli iesu qristesi nebiTa RvTisaYTa, da timoTe ZmaY~ (1, 1-11). akurTxebs ra kolaselebs madliTa
da mSvidobiT, wminda mociquli ambobs, rom im droidan,
rac epafraisisgan Seityo maTi rwmenisa da siyvarulis
Sesaxeb yvela wmindanTa _ anu qristianTa _ mimarT, mas
ar Seuwyvitavs maTTvis locva, raTa isini sul ufro da
ufro warematon sulieri srulyofilebis gzaze.
radganac epistoles mizani kolaselTa gafrTxilebaa crumoZRvarTagan, amitom epistoles sarwmunoebiT
nawilSi wminda mociquli, upirveles yovlis, adamianTa
cxonebis gangebulebas asaxavs. amisTvis igi, pirvel yovlisa, RmerTs madlobs bneleTis xelmwifebisgan Cveni
gaTavisuflebisa da Tavisi sayvareli Zis mier sasufevelSi SeyvanisTvis (1, 12-14). amis Semdeg, mociquli
TviT macxovris RvTaebriv pirovnebaze iwyebs saubars,
`romeli-igi ars xati RvTisa uxilavisaY, pirmSoY yovelTa dabadebulTaY~ (1, 15). `xati, _ ambobs episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli, _ miuTiTebs mamasTan erTarsobaze; es saidan Cans? iqidan, rom misgan iSva, xolo, raki
mamisgan iSva, ese igi, erTarsia mamisa da, Tu erTarsia
mamisa, maSasadame, misi xatia~. `pirmSoY yovelTa daba------ 173 ------
debulTaY~, _ aq naCvenebia, rom Ze RvTisa Sobilia da,

amdenad, ar aris mama-RmerTis qmnileba. `rameTu mis
mier daebada yovelive caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda,
xilulni da ara-xilulni, anu Tu saydarni, anu Tu
uflebani, gina Tu mTavrobani, gina Tu Pelmwifebani,
- yovelive mis mier da misa mimarT daebada~ (1, 16), _
aq gadmocemulia mniSvnelovani dogmaturi WeSmariteba
imis Sesaxeb, rom Ze RvTisa yovelive arsebulis Semoqmedia da amitom, cxadia, TviTon ver iqneba qmnileba. amiT
ar uqmdeba SesaqmeSi mama-RmerTisa da suliwmidis monawileoba: mociquli, romelsac qristes RmrTeebriobis
uarmyofelTa damxoba aqvs ganzraxuli, amis mtkicebiT
mxolod mis saRvTo Rirsebas usvams xazs. garda amisa,
am adgilis dogmaturi mniSvneloba kidev imaSi mdgomareobs, rom aq angelozTa samyaros sxvadasxva ierarqiul xarisxzea saubari: `saydarni, anu Tu uflebani,
gina Tu mTavrobani, gina Tu Pelmwifebani...~ (1, 16);
ìgi Tavadi ars yovelTa wina, da yovelive mis mier
damtkicna~ (1, 17), _ xSirad imeorebs erTsa da imaves,
raTa sityvaTa gaxSirebiT, TiTqosda, xSiri dartymebiT, ZirSive aRmofxvras bilwi swavleba. da naxe, ki ar
Tqva, rom yvelaze win movida arsebobaSi, aramed: ìgi
Tavadi ars yovelTa wina~, rac mxolod RmerTisTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli~ (wminda ioane oqropiri).
amrigad, ieso qriste, ganxorcielebuli Ze RvTisa,
àra mxolod yovelives Semqmnelia, aramed zrunavs kidevac imaze, rac Seqmna, marTavs mas da mxolod misi
sibrZniTa da ZaliT dgas mis mier qmnili~ (Teodorite
kvireli). ara RmerTsa da samyaros Soris arsebuli sulebi, ara eonebi, rogorc gnostikosebi aswavlidnen, da
------ 174 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ara angelozebi, aramed Ze RvTisa awesrigebs samyaros,
romelmac yovelive Seqmna da maT Soris _ angelozebic. es sityvebi deistebsac amxels, romlebic RvTis
gangebas uaryofdnen: samyaro TavisiT, an bunebis usulo kanonebiT ki ar imarTeba, aramed _ mis cxovrebaSi
Semoqmedis uSualo monawileobiT. `yovelive mis mier
damtkicna~, _ es niSnavs, rom misi gangebulebis gareSe
rame rom darCeniliyo, is raime ueWvelad daingreoda
da daiRupeboda~ (wminda ioane oqropiri, 1, 17-ze).
mas Semdeg, rac gagvicxada, Tu vin aris ieso qriste
RmrTeebriobiT, mociquli ukve gveubneba, Tu ras warmoadgens igi Cveni cxonebis gangebulebiT. aq cxaddeba
ori mniSvnelovani dogmaturi WeSmariteba: pirveli _
es aris RmerTkacis simaRle, romelic eklesiis Tavad
iqca da meore _ misi mTavari saqme: yovelis RmerTTan
Serigeba. ìgi ars Tavi guamisa mis eklesiisaY romeli ars dasabami, pirmSoY mkudreTiT, raYTa iyos igi
Tavadi yovelsa Sina mTavar~ (1, 18).
`rodesac ambobs _ `Tavi~, _ gagvimartavs wminda
ioane oqropiri, _ mociquls amiT surs uflis CvenTan
siaxlove da amasTan, RvTis usazRvro kacTmoyvareoba
gviCvenos: iman, vinc esoden maRalia da yvelaze maRla
dgas, keTilineba mWidrod SeerTebuliyo Cvens kninebasTan, ise, rogorc Tavma _ sxeulTan. igi àrs dasabami~
_ es niSnavs, rom qriste mis mier ganaxlebuli kacobriobis fuZemdeblad iqca. `pirmSoY mkudreTiT~, _
rogorc yvelaze uwinares mkvdreTiT aRmdgari, visac
yvela sxva danarCeni mihyveba~. `...rogorc safuZveli,
yvelasTvis saerTo aRdgomis wyaro~ (netari Teodorite). `raYTa iyos igi Tavadi yovelsa Sina mTavar~ _
------ 175 ------

ese igi, raTa igi yovelmxriv pirveli iyos. es im `crumoZRvarTa winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli, romelnic mraval
Zalasa (eons) da maTgan momdinare mravalxelisuflebianobas qadagebdnen~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli).
`rameTu mas Sina saTno-iyo (mama-RmerTisTvis) yovelive savsebaY damkKdrebad~, _ anu mis ZeSi yovelive srulyofileba yofiliyo Tavmoyrili _ `yovelive
srulad, rac dasWirdeba nebismiers, droSic da maradisobaSic~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). es azri
gnostikosTa winaaRmdegac aris mimarTuli. isini aswavlidnen, rom savseba, anu `pliroma~, rogorc isini
ambobdnen, arsebaTa mravalricxovani rigisgan Sedgeba,
romelnic sxvadasxva srulyofilebas flobdnen, mociquli ki gvaswavlis, rom yoveli srulyofileba mxolod
Ze RvTisaSia Tavmoyrili (1, 19).
`da mis mier dagebad yoveli misa mimarT, mSKdoba-yo sisxliTa miT juarisa misisaYTa mis mier,
gina Tu queyanasa zeda, gina Tu caTa Sina~ (1, 20),
_ aq RmerTkacis mTavar saqmezea miTiTeba _ RmerTTan
yovelis Serigebaze. kacTa codviT dacemam RmerTsa da
qmnilebas Soris mtroba Camoagdo; Ze RvTisas jvarcmam
mSvidoba daamyara, kacisgan misi codvis brali Camorecxa da igi RmerTTan Seariga. aman ki, Tavis mxriv,
adamianebTan angelozebic Seariga, romelnic, rogorc
erTgulni msaxurni, SeuZlebelia, codviT dacemuli
adamianis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobilni ar yofiliyvnen:
àngelozebi kacTa winaaRmdeg SeiaraRdnen, _ ambobs
wminda ioane oqropiri, _ ixiles ra maTi mxridan Tavisi
meufis Seuracxyofa~. axla ki, uflis mier gamosyidvis
Rvawlis aRsrulebis Semdgom, angelozebi gvepyrobian
------ 176 ------
winaswari cnebebi
rogorc ufrosi Zmebi umcrosebs, rogorc msaxuri sulebi, rogorc movlinebulni msaxurad imaTTvis, vinc
cxoneba unda daimkvidron (Sdr. ebr. 1, 14). swored
amas niSnavs: `caTa Sina~ (1, 20).
Cveni cxonebis gangebulebis arsis warmodgenis Semdeg, wminda mociquli pavle mis mier gadmocemuli
moZRvrebis damatebas iZleva upirvelesad kolaselTa
mimarT (1, 21-23), Semdeg ki Tavisi samociqulo msaxurebis mimarT (1, 24-29). igi ambobs, rom kolaselTac
SeuZliaT, qristes gamomsyidvelobiTi saqmis nayofi
igemon, Tuki mtkiced da Seuryevlad idgebian qristes
im sarwmunoebaSi, romelic maT pavlem uqadaga. Tavis
Sesaxeb mociquli ambobs, rom mas uxaria Tavisi tanjva
rogorc kolaselTa, ise eklesiis mTeli sxeulisaTvis,
rameTu igi itanjeba gangebulis Tanaxmad, rogorc RvTis sityvis msaxuri da im cxonebis saidumlos mqadagebeli, romelic man axlaxan ganumarta kolaselebs.
meore Tavis Sinaarsi mTlianad crumoZRvarTa
winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli, romelnic kolaselTa cdunebas cdilobdnen. wminda pavle mociquli maT mxilebas
Tavis Rvawlze miTiTebiT iwyebs, _ surs, rogorRac,
kolaselTa yuradReba miipyros da maTi sruli ndoba
moipovos. Tavidan ki kolaselebs da maTTan erTad laodikiisa da ierapolis mcxovrebT aqebs imis gamo, rom
maTi gulebi SeerTebulia siyvarulSi da ganmzadebulia srulyofili Semecnebis yovelgvari saunjis misaRebad, RmerTis saidumloTa Sesacnobad _ mamisac da
qristesic, `romelsa Sina arian yovelni saunjeni
sibrZnisani da mecnierebisani dafarulni~. `pirveli
azri aq is aris, rom ufalma ieso qristem, rogorc Zem
------ 177 ------

RvTisam da RmerTma, TviTon yovelive icis Tuki asea,
maSin mas unda vTxovoT yovelive; igi iZleva sibrZnesa
da codnas~ (wminda ioane oqropiri), magram saubris
msvlelobisas am sityvebSi aseTi azric devs: `vinc mas
Seimecnebs, igi TviT am SemecnebaSi moixveWs yovelgvar sibrZnesa da srul codnas~ (episkoposi Teofane
dayudebuli), umaRles da uZvirfases mecnierebas. àmitom, _ TiTqosda, ase Seagonebs mociquli kolaselebs,
_ Tuki vinme mova TqvenTan brZenis saxiT da im sibrZnes
SemogTavazebT, romelic ieso qristes Sesaxeb RvTis
saidumlos Semecnebis Tanaxmieri ar aris, nu mousmenT
mas; is sibrZnes ki ara, uazro brZnobas gTavazobT~ (ambrosiaste da episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). `xolo
amas vityK, raYTa nu vinme Seuracx-gyvnes Tquen sityKTa metnobisaYTa,* _ uxsnis mociquli da Seagonebs
kolaselebs: _ ekrZaleniT, nu vinme iyos warmtyuenvel Tquenda sibrZnis moyuarebiTa da cudiTa sacTuriTa moZRurebisa misebr kacTaYsa, wesTa maTebr
amis soflisaTa da ara qristes mier~ (2, 1-8). aqedan
Cans, rom is crumoZRvreba, romelic kolaselTa sarwmunoebis siwmindes emuqreboda, filosofiur xasiaTs
Seicavda; igi mxolod da mxolod adamianuri warmoSobisa iyo da, rogorc Cans, sulier samyarosTan saidumlo urTierTobis dasamyareblad amqveyniuri stiqiebiT
sargeblobda, raTa crurwmeniTi miznebisaTvis mieRwia.
es, Cveulebriv, damaxasiaTebeli iyo Zveli mistikuri
seqtebisaTvis, iseve, rogorc axla axasiaTebT spiritistebsa da misTanebs. `rameTu mas Sina damkKdrebul
* SeparuliT
------ 178 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ars yovelive savsebaY RmrTeebisaY Porcielad~, _

anu qristeSi damkvidrebulia RvTis mTeli savseba xorcielad, ese igi, ganxorcielebulad da xelSesaxebad
da ara xatovnad da raRac gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT;
damkvidrebulia, rogorc suli sxeulSi. `magram ar ifiqro, _ ganmartavs netari Teodorite, _ rom igi sxeulSi Caketilia, moculia, SezRudulia, rameTu ìgi
RmrTeebrivad aRuwerelia~.
`da xarT Tquen mas Sina aRsavse~, _ Tqven ukve sulierad gamdidrdiT masSi, amitom ar unda usminoT aranair crumoZRvrebs, rameTu masSi gaqvT mTeli savseba da
sxvas ar unda mimarToT. igi yovelgvar angelozur ZalTa mTavaria, `yovlisa mTavrobisa da PelmwifebisaY~.
radgan, rogorc Cans, crumoZRvrebi angelozebisadmi
Tavisebur, ukanono mistikur Tayvaniscemas aswavlidnen,
amitom mociquls surs, gaafrTxilos isini amisgan da
aswavlis, rom ieso qriste yovel angelozur mTavrobaTa
da xelmwifebaTa meTauri da mbrZanebelia (2, 9, 10).
`romliTaca winadaicKTeT winadacueTiTa miT PeliT uqmneliTa... mis Tana daefleniT naTlis-RebiTa
miT~, _ es sityvebi ueWvelad im qristianebs exebaT,
romlebic iudevelobdnen, anu iudaur wes-Cveulebebidan gamomdinare, winadacveTas moiTxovdnen. mociquli
maT pasuxobs, rom qristianebi winadaicveTebian `winadacueTiTa miT PeliT uqmneliTa~, romelic sruldeba `ganZarcuviTa miT guamisa mis PorcTa maT codvaTaYsa~ da naTlobis saidumloSi codvaTagan ganwmendiT. am muxlebSi (2, 11-14) gadmocemulia mniSvnelovani
azri imis Sesaxeb, rom ZvelaRTqmiseuli winadacveTa
axal aRTqmaSi naTllisRebis saidumloTia Secvli------ 179 ------

li. aRsaniSnavia, rom mociquli naTlobas dakrZalvas
(`daflvas~) adarebs. aqedan cxadia, rom am saidumlos
aRsrulebisas swori wesi aris wyalSi STaflva da ara
wylis gadavleba, rogorc es dasavleTSia miRebuli.
`ganZarcuna mTavrobani igi da Pelmwifebani da saCuenebel qmnna igini kadnierebiT da ganaqiqna igini
mas Sina~. `mociquli amas eSmakis Zalebze ambobs, _
ganmartavs ioane oqropiri, _ rameTu kacobrivi buneba
TiTqosda misiT iyo Semosili~. aqedan vigebT, rom borot sulTa samyaroSic Tavisi ierarqia arsebobs, iseve,
rogorc keTil sulTa samyaroSi. amiT mociquli kvlav
afrTxilebs kolaselebs, rom Tavi Seikavon angelozebisadmi raime gansakuTrebuli msaxurebisgan: keTil angelozebs ar ZaluZT rame umaRlesi codna gvauwyon,
imasTan SedarebiT, rasac ufali ieso qriste gvicxadebs. boroti angelozebi ki Zleulni arian da maT ar
SeuZliaT, qrsites morwmuneebsa da misi swavlebis mimdevrebs raime ziani miayenon. amitom ar aris marTebuli
rame saxis wyevlis gamoyeneba maT winaaRmdeg an maTTan
raime saxis urTierTobaSi Sesvla (2, 15).
meore Tavis bolo (16-23) muxlebSi wminda mociquli
WeSmaritebisgan garkveul gandgomaze gvafrTxilebs. es
gafrTxileba sul samia. pirveli gafrTxileba iudaur
Cveulebebs exeba, romelTa dacvac qristianebisTvis savaldebulo ar aris: `numca vin ukue gangikiTxavs
Tquen saWmliTa da sasumliTa, gina kerZo dResaswaulisaYTa, gina TKs-TaviTa, gina SabaTobiTa, romeli-igi ars aCrdili mermeTaY maT, xolo PorcTa qristesTa~ (2, 16, 17). meore gafrTxilebiT mociquli
Seagonebs, rom ar unda cdundnen crumoZRvarTa moCve------ 180 ------
winaswari cnebebi
nebiTi simdabliTa da angelozebis msaxurebiT. crumoZRvrebi aswavlidnen, rom eklesiis Tavis _ qristemacxovris garda, RmerTTan erToba angelozebis meSveobiTac aris SesaZlebeli, romlebTanac urTierTobaSi
saidumlo saSualebebiT unda SevideT. am saSualebaTa
Soris asaxelebdnen xorcis dauZlurebasac. amaSi isini,
gnostikosTa msgavsad, umaRles codnas xedavdnen da
namdvil qristianebs qedmaRlurad eqceodnen, TumcaRa
Tavs mdablad warmoaCendnen.
am crumoZRvrebam ise gaidga fesvebi, rom laodikiis
adgilobrivma krebam (365 weli) saWirod CaTvala Tavisi gansakuTrebuli, 35-e kanoniT aekrZala `frigiuli
angelozTmsaxureba~ da mas `saidumlo kerpTmsaxureba~
uwoda. am crumoZRvrebasTan dakavSirebiT episkoposi
Teofane dayudebuli wers: `xom ar iyo es Cveni spiritistebis seansebis msgavsi, raime meTodebiTa da qmedebebiT? yovel SemTxvevaSi, suli erTia _ iqac da aqac~.
mesame gafrTxileba: ar gagvitacos kacobrivma brZnobam
raime nivTisgan TavSekavebis aucileblobis moTxovniT:
`nu mieaxlebi, nuca gemosa ixilav, nuca Seexebi~.
rogorc Cans, aq saubaria ara TavSekavebaze, ara marxvis Rvawlze, romelic qristianul eklesiaSi yovelTvis
arsebobda, aramed garkveuli saxis sakvebisagan crurwmeniT TavSekavebaze. Teosofosebi da okultistebi axlac aswavlian, rom zogierTi saxis sakvebi sulisTvis
mavnebelia da amitom ar unda vixmioT. sakvebs ar unda
mivaniWoT raime sulieri mniSvneloba, rameTu sakvebad
gamoyenebul yvela nivTierebas erTi bolo aqvs _ gaxrwna. amitom rogor SeiZleba mivaniWoT maT saidumloebrivi mniSvneloba? (2, 20-22).
------ 181 ------
`reca sityuaY raYme aqus sibrZnisaY nefsiTaTa

miT wesiTa da simdabliTa da uridebiTa PorcTaYTa, ara Tu pativiTa raYTme gansaZRebelad PorcTa~
(mux. 23), _ am moTxovnebs: `nu mieaxlebi, nuca gemosa
ixilav~, _ `mxolod sibrZnis saxe aqvs, an, ukeT rom
vTqvaT, isini mxolod SiSvel (uSinaarso, cariel), magram Separul sityvebs Seicavs~ (ekumenosi). `nefsiT
sibrZneSi~ igulisxmeba crumoZRvarTa mier gamogonili
garegnuli RvTisTayvaniscemis saxe, romelic imaSi mdgomareobda, rom isini TviTon igonebdnen RvTismsaxurebis gansakuTrebul wess, romelic manamde arsebuls
arafriT hgavda. am crumoZRvarTa garegnul saxes episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli ase warmoadgens: ùxeSi
qsovilis perangi. wynari saubari, Camqrali mzera, awewili Tma _ ai, mTeli simdable. Turme Turqi derviSebi
yofilan aseTebi. rogori umniSvneloc ar unda iyos,
es yovelTvis izidavda da izidavs, da ara mxolod
ubraloebs. rogorRac Znelia im azrisgan gaTavisufleba, rom amgvari adamianebi raRac gansakuTrebuli,
amaRlebuli sulis matareblebi arian. amis gamo maT ar
akliaT pativi da morCileba~.
ùridebiTa* PorcTaYTa, ara Tu pativiTa raYTme
gansaZRebelad PorcTa~, _ cxadia, am crumoZRvrebs es
TavSekavebac araqristianuli xasiaTisa hqondaT. SesaZloa, rom isinic, maniqevelTa msgavsad, xorcs (adamianis
sxeuls) borot sawyisad miiCnevdnen (2, 23).
mesame Tavidan epistoles zneobrivi nawili iwyeba. aq wminda mociquli Tavidan qristianul cxovrebas
* dauZlurebiT
------ 182 ------
winaswari cnebebi
warmoadgens iseTad, rogoric is TavisTavad unda iyos
(3, 1-17). Semdeg ki miuTiTebs, Tu rogori unda iyos es
cxovreba maTi sxvadasxva mdgomareobisa da garemoebis
SemTxvevaSi (3, 18-25_4, 6). zneobriv darigebas wminda mociquli SegonebiT iwyebs: `zecisasa eZiebdiT...
zecisasa zraxevdiT da nu queyanisasa. rameTu mohkuediT, da cxorebaY Tqueni dafarul ars qristeTurT RvTisa Tana~ (3, 1-3). naTlisRebis saidumloSi
qristianebi codvisTvis kvdebian da qristesTan erTad
aRdgebian axali RvTissaTno cxovrebisaTvis. amitomac
maT miwierze ki ar unda ifiqron, aramed zeciurze
da cxovrebac maTi mTlianad RmerTSi (`RvTisa Tana~)
unda iyos. es Sinagani, sulieri, sxvaTagan dafaruli
cxovrebaa. RmerTSi am dafaruli cxovrebis nayofebi
gacxaddeba, aSkara gaxdeba yvelasTvis, `raJams qriste
gamocxadnes~, _ qristes meored mosvlisa da saSinel
samsjavroze sayovelTao migebis Jams (3, 4). qristianebs
marTalTaTvis mosalodneli dideba unda axsovdeT da
borotebis yvela saxes moeridon, rasac mociquli me-5_
me-9 muxlebSi CamoTvlis. qristianis daniSnulebas igi
ase gadmoscems: `ganiZarcueT Zueli igi kaci saqmiT
misiTurT da SeimoseT axali igi ganaxlebuli mecniereba msgavsad xatisa mis dambadebelisa misisa~,
ese igi, `ganvagdoT Cveni TviTsaTno meoba yvela Tavisi vnebiT da gadavwyvitoT, TviTuaryofiT vicxovroT
mxolod RmerTisTvis saTnod. es gadawyvetileba, romelic ufalTan sarwmunoebiT miaxlebuli da monaTluli
adamianis mTel arsebas moicavs, aris swored axali
kaci~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli, 3, 9, 10-ze).
àra ars warmarT da huria, winadacueTileba da
------ 183 ------
winadaucueTileba, barbaroz, skKTel, moneba, aznaureba, aramed yovlad yovelsa Sina qriste~ (3,
11), _ `RvTis madli qristes mier yvelas aerTianebs da
yvelasgan erT sxeuls Seadgens~ (episkoposi Teofane
dayudebuli).
qristianis vnebaTagan ganZarcvis Semdeg, mociquli
mas saTnoebebiT mosavs da me-12_me-17 muxlebSi im saTnoebebs CamoTvlis, romlebic misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
unda iyos; maTgan gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas ki siyvaruls aniWebs, `romel-igi ars simtkice srulebisaY~
(mux. 14). ese igi, `yovelives momcveli da Semcveli, rasac srulyofileba hqvia, rogorc erTgvari fesvi~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). RvTissaTno qristianul
cxovrebaSi warmatebis saSualebebad mociquli saRvTo
WeSmaritebebis codniT gonebis gamdidrebas, locvas da
RmerTis saxeliT yovelives qmnas miiCnevs (3, 16, 17).
mesame Tavis meore nawilSi (mux. 18-25) wminda mociquli qristianebs maTi mdgomareobis Sesaferis darigebebs aZlevs calkeulad: dedakacebs, mamakacebs, Svilebs, mamebs, monebs.
meoTxe Tavis pirvel 6 muxlSi es zneobrivi darigebebi mTavrdeba. mociquli mcnebad iZleva monebis
mimarT samarTlian mopyrobas, Semdeg ki yvela qristianisTvis saerTo darigebaze gadadis, _ maTi sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobisagan damoukideblad, _ da Seagonebs,
moukleblad ilocon da sulieri mRviZareba iqonion
madlierebiT. dasasrul, mociquli iTxovs, ilocon masze da mis TanaSemweebze: `raYTa RmerTman ganmiRos
Cuen kari sityKsaY~, _ raTa RmerTi SeewioT maT misi
sityvis daubrkoleblad qadagebaSi (4, 1-4). amgvarad,
------ 184 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mociquli mcnebad iZleva `gareSeTa~ mimarT keTilgonivrul damokidebulebas da Seagonebs: `sityuaY
Tqueni maradis madliTa viTarca mariliTa Sezavebul iyavn~, _ anu guliTadi, gulidan gamomavali da
keTilganwyobiT msunTqavi, magram, amasTan, TavSekavebuli da keTilgonivruli, rasac niSnavs _ `Sezavebul
iyavn~ (mux. 5, 6).
me-7_me-18 muxlebi bolosityvaobas Seadgens. masSi
mociquli ambobs, rom misi epistole maT tviqikosma
unda gadasces, `sayuarelman Zmaman da sarwmunoman
msaxurman da Tana-monaman Cuenman uflisa mier~ (mux.
7, 8). masTan erTad igzavneba onisime, filimonis yofili msaxuri. dasasrul, mokiTxvas gadascems maT masTan
myofi pirebisgan da mcnebad aZlevs, rom es epistole laodikiis eklesiaSic waikiTxon. epistole Cveuli
samociqulo kurTxeviT mTavrdeba (mux. 16-18).
------ 185 ------
pirveli epistole TesalonikelTa

mimarT
qristes eklesiis Seqmna TesalonikeSi. qalaqi Tesalonike (Tanamedrove saloniki) mTis ferdobzea ganlagebuli, egeosis zRvis Termanis ubis Crdilo-dasavleT
kuTxeSi. mociqulTa droSi is makedoniis olqis erTerTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da romis pretoris sarezidencio qalaqi iyo. misi geografiuli mdgomareoba xels
uwyobda imas, rom is ayvavebuli, mdidari, mWidrod
dasaxlebuli savaWro centri gamxdariyo. amis gamo,
is ganTqmuli iyo fufunebiT da zneobrivi dacemiT.
mkvidr mosaxleobas berZnebi Seadgendnen, magram masSi, aseve, imave raodenobis Casaxlebuli romaelebic
cxovrobdnen. mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawils, agreTve, iudevelebi Seadgendnen, romlebic, umTavresad, vaWrobiT iyvnen dakavebulni. iudevelebs iq sinagogac ki
hqondaT gaxsnili da ara ubralo samlocvelo saxli,
rogorc filipeSi (saqm. 17, 1).
TesalonikeSi qristianuli eklesiis daarsebis Sesaxeb mociqulTa saqmeTa wignis me-17 TavSia moTxrobili.
is pavle mociqulma daaarsa Tavisi meore samqadageblo
mogzaurobisas. filipes ganaTlebis Semdeg, pavle mociqulma Tavis TanamgzavrebTan _ Silasa da timoTesTan
erTad, saxarebis qadagebiT gaiara amfipoli, apolonia
da TesalonikeSi Cavida. rogorc Cans, timoTe kidev
erTxans darCa filipeSi axalmoqceuli qristianebis
gansamtkiceblad da pavle mociquls cota mogvianebiT
SeuerTda beriaSi. Tavisi Cveulebisamebr, pavle moci------ 186 ------
winaswari cnebebi
qulma qadageba sinagogaSi daiwyo. Zveli aRTqmis winaswarmetyvelTa wignebidan gamomdinare, igi msmenelTa
winaSe mesiis saxes warmosaxavda, romlisac `jer-iyo
vnebaY da aRdgomaY mkudreTiT~ (saqm. 17, 3). mis qadagebas didi warmateba mohyva, rameTu JamTaaRmwerelis
sityviT, `romelTame maTganTa hrwmena da Seudga
pavles da Silas morwmuneTa warmarTTa simravle
mravali da dedaTa mTavarTa ara mciredTaY~ (17, 4).
ra Tqma unda, mociquli ara mxolod sinagogaSi qadagebda, aramed yvelgan _ quCebsa da moednebze, rac TesalonikelTa epistoledan Cans, sadac igi maTTan Tavisi
qadagebis Rvawls ixsenebs (1 Tesal. 2, 9-12). Tumca iyvnen urwmunonic, romlebmac pavlesa da Silas winaaRmdeg xalxSi SfoTi gamoiwvies. SeiZleba vivaraudoT,
rom morwmuneTa umravlesoba prozeliti iyo, xolo
dabadebiT iudevelTagan cotam Tu irwmuna. sxvebi ki
friad gaaRiziana mociqulTa qadagebis warmatebam, maT
winaaRmdeg warmarT brbos Soris boroti xalxi SearCies da masTan erTad `miadges saxlsa iasonissa da
eZiebdes maT (pavlesa da Silas) gamoyvanebad ersa
winaSe. da viTarca ara povnes igini, miiTrevdes iasons (romelsac wminda pavle Tavis naTesavs uwodebs,
_ ix. rom. 16, 21) da sxuaTa vieTme ZmaTa mTavarTa
winaSe qalaqisaTa da RaRadebdes, viTarmed: romelTa yoveli sofeli aRuSfoTebies, igini aqaca mosrul arian, romelni Seuwynarebian iasons, da ese
yovelni winaaRmdgomsa keisrisa brZanebaTasa iqman,
meufesa sxuasa ityKan yofad, iesus~ (saqm. 17, 5-7).
es iyo iudevelTa brZolis Cveuli xerxi qristes moZRvrebis mqadageblebTan! am ciliswamebam Tavidan qala------ 187 ------

qis Tavnic aRaSfoTa, magram, Semdeg, roca moyvanilebs
Sexedes `da mohPades Tavs-mdebi iasons, da maSin-Ra
ganutevnes igini~* (saqm. 17, 9). saqmis keTilad dasrulebis muxedavad, Zmebma umjobesad miiCnies, rom pavle
da Sila beriaSi _ Tesalonikes samxreTiT mdebare patara qalaqSi gaegzavnaT.
TesalonikeSi pavle mociqulis qadagebam, _ rogorc
misive sityvebidan Cans, _ mdidari nayofi gamoiRo. Tesalonikelebma misi qadageba miiRes àra Tu sityuaY
kacTaY, aramed viTarca ars WeSmaritad sityuaY
RvTisaY~ (1 Tesal. 2, 13). iq wminda pavles xanmokle,
samkviriani yofnisas, ricxovnobiT mniSvnelovani, magram
suliT Zlieri qristianuli Temi Camoyalibda, romelic
makedoniasa da aqaias yvela morwmunisTvis samagaliTo
gaxda, rasac aRniSnavs kidec Tavad mociquli pirveli
Tavis me-7 muxlSi.
epistoles daweris mizezi da mizani. wminda pavle
Tesalonikedan damwuxrebuli wavida da, ra Tqma unda,
axalmoqceulTa bedze fiqri ar Seuwyvitavs. igi iqidan
beriaSi wavida da warmatebiT iqadaga, Tumca iudevelebi iqac miadgnen da xalxi kvlav aRaSfoTes. maSin igi,
ramdenime TanmxlebTan erTad, ufro samxreTiT _ aTenSi
gadavida. iq man saswrafod gamoiZaxa Sila da timoTe,
raTa maTgan TesalonikelTa ambavi gaego (saqm. 17, 15).
imis gamo, rom timoTe beriaSi imyofeboda da ara TesalonikeSi, man wminda pavles maT Sesaxeb axali veraferi
Seatyobina, amitom pavlem igi pirdapir TesalonikeSi
* anu mas Semdeg, rac daadgines maTi pirovneba
------ 188 ------
winaswari cnebebi
wargzavna (1 Tesal. 3, 1-5). am drois ganmavlobaSi pavle
mociqulma korinToSi gadasvlac moaswro, sadac TesalonikelTa Sesaxeb damamSvidebeli uwyeba miiRo ukan
dabrunebuli timoTesgan (saqm. 18, 1-5). aRmoCnda, rom
mociqulisgan miRebuli saRvTo sityva ar sustdeba, is
cxovelmyofelad moqmedebs TesalonikelebSi, TavianTi
ganmanaTlebeli pavlec keTilad axsovT da misi naxvis
survilic aqvT (`gsuris xilvad Cuenda, viTarca-ese
Cuen Tquenda~ _ 1 Tesal. 3, 6). am cnobam wminda mociquli friad gaamxneva. man es grZnoba Tavis epistoleSi
xatovnad asaxa: àw vcxondiT, ukeTu Tquen mtkiced
sdgeT uflisa mier~ (1 Tes. 3, 7, 8). Tumca amasTanave,
timoTem Tesalonikes eklesiis arasrulyofili wevris
Sesaxebac mouTxro da im gaugebrobebzec, rac TiTqmis
yvela iqaur qristianul Tems aRelvebda: warmarTuli
brZnobis biwierebidan bevri jer kidev ver gaTavisuflebuliyo da ver daecva Tavisi `WurWeli (xorcieli)
mogebad siwmidiT da pativiT~, xolo zogierTi iqceoda
`gardaslvad da moangahrebad saqmesa Zmisa TKsisasa~ (1 Tesal. 4, 3-11). morwmuneebs didad aRelvebdaT
gardacvlili qristiani naTesavebis bedi. egonaT, rom
qristes meored mosvlisas didebis sasufevels mxolod
isini daimkvidrebdnen, vinc im dros cocxali iqneboda.
amitom gardacvlilTa xvedri maT usixarulod da Savbnelad eCvenebodaT da sikvdilis winaSe ise Zrwodnen,
rogorc sasoebis uqoneli warmarTebi.
pavle mociqulisTvis yovelive es TesalonikelTa mimarT epistoles daweris mizezi gaxda, rac man dauyovnebliv Seasrula, raTa upirvelesad, maTi rwmenaSi
moqcevisTvis Tavisi sixaruli gamoexata, meorec _ tim------ 189 ------

oTes mier SemCneuli sulieri sneulebebisTvis emkurnala, da mesamec _ daemSvidebina gardacvlilTa xvedriT
Sewuxebulni da ganeswavla isini qristes meored mosvlis Sesaxeb moZRvrebaSi.
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. ueWvelia, rom
TesalonikelTa mimarT epistole TesalonikelTa qristianobaze moqcevidan Zalian malea dawerili. es iqidan
Cans, rom masSi `mociquli im cocxali STabeWdilebebis
qveS aris, rac masze TesalonikelTa moqcevam moaxdina~
(episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). rogorc TviT epistole, ise `saqme mociqulTa~, cxadad migviTiTebs adgils, sadac is daiwera. magaliTad, mesame Tavis dasawyisSi
wminda pavle aRniSnavs: `verRara davTmeT, jer-viCineT
aTinas Sina daSTomaY martoTa da mivavlineT timoTe,
ZmaY Cueni... raTa dagamtkicnes Tquen da nugeSinisgces Tquen sarwmunoebisa magis TquenisaTKs~, xolo
Semdeg: àwRa movida timoTe TqueniT da maxara Cuen
sarwmunoebaY da siyuaruli Tqueni... amisTKs nugeSinis-cemul viqmneniT, Zmano, Tquen zeda~ (1 Tes. 3,
1-7). aqedan Cans, rom epistole timoTes dabrunebisTanavea dawerili. mociqulTa saqmeTagan ki vigebT, rom ukan
dabrunebuli timoTe SilasTan erTad pavle mociqulTan
korinToSi Cavida da ara aTenSi. Sesabamisad, epistolec
iq, anu korinToSi daiwera. xolo, misi daweris drois
gansazRvraSi gvexmareba is cnobebi, romlebic mociqulTa
saqmeTa wignSi pavle mociqulis korinToSi yofnis ambavs
Seicavs. aRniSnuli cnobebis Tanaxmad, korinToSi misuli pavle mociquli binad akvilasTan da priskilasTan
gaCerda. isini iyvnen imperator klavdiosis mier romidan
------ 190 ------
winaswari cnebebi
gamoZevebuli iudevelTaganni. gamoZevebis es brZaneba ki,
romael istorikosTa _ svetoniusisa da tacitusis cnobiT, 52 wels gamoica. amas, sul mcire, erTi weliwadi
unda davumatoT, rac korinToSi akvilas gadasaxlebas
da dafuZnebas dasWirdeboda. amitom varaudoben, rom
TesalonikelTa mimarT epistole 53 wels an 54 wlis dasawyisSia dawerili. es aris yvelaze adreuli epistole.
epistoles Sinaarsi da misi dayofa. TesalonikelTa pirveli epistole 5 Tavs Seicavs. Sinaarsis mixedviT is aSkarad ori nawilisgan Sedgeba: istoriuli da
zneobriv-dogmaturi. epistole, rogorc wesi, iwyeba
zedwarweriT, romelic misalmebas Seicavs, xolo sruldeba daskvniTi gankargulebebiT, keTili survilebiTa
da Cveuli samociqulo kurTxeviT.
epistoles egzegetikuri garCeva. epistole pavles,
siloanesa da timoTes saxeliT Tesalonikes eklesiisadmi
micemuli kurTxeviT iwyeba. ukanaskneli ori moixsenieba
rogorc pavles TanaSemweni, romelTac Tesalonikelebi
piradad icnobdnen; iq iyvnen, aswavlidnen da gankargulebebs gascemdnen. maTi saxelebis moxsenieba imanac
ganapiroba, rom pavle mociqulis es epistole maTgan
miRebuli cnobebis safuZvelze dayrdnobiTaa Sedgenili. `samiveni, _ ambobs episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli,
_ TiTqosda erTi bagiT erT macxonebel saxarebas qadagebdnen~. Tavis samociqulo Rirsebas wminda pavle aq
ar axsenebs, an imitom, rom Tesalonikelebi àxalmoqceulni iyvnen da mas axlo ar icnobdnen~ (wminda ioane
oqropiri), an _ igi isedac didi avtoriteti iyo maTT------ 191 ------

vis. yovel SemTxvevaSi, amiT misi simdable gamomJRavnda.
Tavis samociqulo Rirsebaze, rogor wesi, is mxolod
maSin miuTiTebs, roca amas Tavisi samqadageblo saqmis
sargebelisTvis aucileblad miiCnevs.
pirveli Tavi Zalian moklea, sul 10 muxlisgan
Sedgeba da mTlianad istoriuli Sinaarsisaa. masSi wminda mociquli TesalonikelTa naTel-madlian qristianul
mdgomareobas warmoaCens; maTTan Tavisi qadagebis warmatebisa da sarwmunoebaSi maTi mtkiced dgomisTvis
RmerTs madlobas swiravs da Tesalonikelebs eubneba:
`Tquen saxe yovelTa maT morwmuneTa, romelni arian makedonias Sina da aqaYas~ (mux. 7). epistoles es
istoriuli nawili Semdegac grZeldeba _ meore da
mesame TavSi.
meore TavSi mociquli aRwers TesalonikeSi Tavis
TanaSemweebTan erTad yofnas, da is ZiriTadad or punqts exeba: Tavisi mqadageblobisa da moqmedebis ZiriTad
Tvisebebs (mux. 1-12) da TesalonikelTa morwmunoebas _
sarwmunoebaSi mtkiced dgomas (mux. 13-16). àmiT mas,
rogorc Cans, maTi sarwmunoebis gancxoveleba da ganmtkiceba surda, da maTTvis Zalis micema sarwmunoebaSi
uryevad dgomisaTvis devnilobis Jams~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). amave mizniT aris igi ganmsWvaluli,
rodesac gansakuTrebuli xazgasmiT da sakmaod naTlad aRwers im Sromas, rac man da misma TanaSemweebma
saRvTo saqmisTvis gaswies (mux. 9). magram amasTanave,
sakuTar Tavze da Tavisi ganzraxvis siwmindze pavle
mociquli im sayvedurebis sapasuxodac saubrobs, rac
misi da misi saqmianobisadmi saxarebis qadagebis mterTa------ 192 ------
winaswari cnebebi
gan ismoda. amave mizeziT saubrobda wminda pavle Tavis
Rvawlze galateelTa da korinToelTa mimarT (meore)
epistoleebSi. Tesalonikelebisadmi pavle mociqulis
TanagrZnoba imdenad gulwrfeli da siRrmiseulia, rom
am TanagrZnobaSi maTi dajerebuloba veravin unda Searyios. `xolo Cuen, Zmano, _ ambobs mociquli, _ obol
RaTu viqmneniT Tquengan wuTerT Jam piriTa da ara
guliTa... vinaYca vinebeT mislvaY Tquenda me, pavle,
erT-gzis da or-gzis, da damabrkolna Cuen satana~,
_ ra Tqma unda RvTis daSvebiT. `satana abrkolebda
mociqulebs, _ wers ambrosiaste, _ raTa maT kacTa
Soris WeSmaritebis naTeli ar gaevrcelebinaT. igi
urwmunoebs aRZravda, rom maT mociqulebi cemiT da
patimrobiT aeZulebinaT, uari eTqvaT RvTis sityvis
qadagebaze~. aSkaraa, rom wminda pavles am SemTxvevaSi
mis mimarT urwmuno Tesalonikel iudevelTa damokidebuleba hqonda mxedvelobaSi, romelnic mis sicocxles
emuqrebodnen. pavle mociqulis devnas isini beriaSic
ganagrZobdnen, sadac igi Tesalonikedan Cavida, rac mis
mimarT maT gansakuTrebul gaRizianebaze metyvelebs.
mesame TavSi mociquli ixsenebs, Tu rogor miavlina
TesalonikelebTan timoTe, romelmac Semdeg igi maT
Sesaxeb kargi ambebiT daamSvida. me-6_me-10 muxlebSi
wminda mociquli gamoxatavs Tavis udides sixaruls,
romelic mas TesalonikelTa sarwmunoebrivma simtkicem
ganacdevina: àw vcxondiT, ukeTu Tquen mtkiced sdgeT uflisa mier~ (mux. 8). sxva sityvebiT, mociquls
surda eTqva, rom didi lodi moexsna gulidan TesalonikelTa Sesaxeb kargi ambebis mosmeniT da Tavs ise
grZnobs, TiTqosda gacocxlda im mwuxarebis Semdeg,
------ 193 ------

mis guls rom maT gamo stanjavda. es Tavi Tesalonikelebisadmi locviT mTavrdeba. igi evedreba RmerTs,
rom Seewios mas maTTan misvlaSi, xolo maT _ qristianuli srulyofilebis miRwevaSi, raTa srulyofilni
daxvdnen qristes meored mosvlas (mux. 11-13).
meoTxe Tavidan epistoles zneobriv-dogmaturi
nawili iwyeba. sakuTriv, es Tavi, iseve, rogorc mexuTe,
ZiriTadad zneobis gakveTilebs Seicavs. maT Soris am
TavSi gadmocemulia Zalze mniSvnelovani dogmaturi
swavleba qristes meored mosvlisa da mkvdreTiT aRdgomis Sesaxeb. zneobiTi saxis darigebebi, ueWvelia,
rom mocemulia im biwierebasTan dakavSirebiT, rac timoTem Tesalonikelebs SeamCnia. aq pirveli da ZiriTadi
Segonebaa: `nebaY RvTisaY, siwmide ege Tqueni... ara
gKCinna Cuen RmerTman arawmidebad, aramed siwmided~ (3-7 mux.). mociquli qristianis mTavar daniSnulebad siwmindis ideals miiCnevs da masTan dakavSirebiT Tesalonikelebs siZvisgan TavSekavebas Seagonebs.
es codva TesalonikelebTan warmarTobis droidan iyo
SemorCenili, rameTu warmarTebi siZvas codvad (biwierebad) ar miiCnevdnen. maT Tavi unda Seikavon siZvisgan, `cnobad kacad-kacadisa Tquenisa Tavisa TKsisa
WurWeli mogebad siwmidiT da pativiT, nu vnebiTa
gulis TqumisaYTa, viTarca-igi warmarTni, romelTa
ara ician RmerTi, ara gardaslvad da moangahrebad
saqmesa Zmisa TKsisasa, rameTu Suris-meZiebel ars
RmerTi amaT yovelTaTKs...~. wminda mamaTa ganmartebiT aq saubaria mruSobaze. àra gardaslvad da moangahrebad saqmesa Zmisa TKsisasa~, niSnavs: àr daeuflo mis qonebas misi colis misakuTrebiT~. wminda io------ 194 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ane oqropiri wers: `mociquli aqamde zogadad siZvaze
saubrobda, axla ki _ mruSobis Sesaxeb. mruSoba arc
sxvis colTan SeiZleba da arc dauqorwinebel qalTan~.
`RmerTi SurismaZiebelia yoveli urjuloebisaTvis, magram gansakuTrebiT, siZvis saqmeTaTvis, radgan amiT
adamiani yvelaze metad amcirebs RvTis xatebas, romlis
msgavsadac Seqmnilia~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli).
wminda mociquli dabejiTebiT Segvaxsenebs, rom xorcieli siwmindis Sesaxeb mcneba saRvTo warmomavlobisaa,
amitom vinc mas Seuracxyofs is àra kacsa Seuracxhyofs, aramed RmerTsa~ (mux. 3-8). Semdeg mociquli
TiTqosda gakvriT moixseniebs ZmaTmoyvareobas da aqebs
Tesalonikelebs am saTnoebisaTvis. amasTan, Seagonebs,
rom kidev metad unda warematon, risTvisac saWiroa
uSfoTveli cxovreba. `pativis-cemis moyuare iyveniT
da myudro da iqmodeT TKssa da SurebodeT PeliTa
TqueniTa, viTarca-igi gamceniT Tquen, raYTa xKdodiT Suenierad gareSeTa maT mimarT~, anu warmarTebis mimarT (mux. 9-12).
meoTxe Tavis me-13 muxlidan dawyebuli, wminda mociquli mniSvnelovan dogmatur swavlebas gadmogvcems
qristes meored mosvlisa da mkvdreTiT aRdgomis Sesaxeb, romelic mexuTe Tavis pirvel 11 muxlsac moicavs. am dogmatur swavlebas wminda mociquli misgan
gamomdinare zneobis gakveTilebsac urTavs. me-13_me-17
muxlebi Seadgens samociqulos sakiTxavs micvalebulTa
dakrZalvis saeklesio wesSi; agreTve, SabaTs micvalebulTa mosaxseniebel saRvTo liturgiaze.
àra gunebavs umecrebaY Tqueni, Zmano, SesuenebulTa maTTKs, raTa ara swuxdeT, viTarca-igi sxua------ 195 ------
ni, romelTa ara aqus sasoebaY~ (4, 13) _ am sityvebis

azri aseTia: `Tqvens dasamSvideblad minda gadmogceT
zusti cneba micvalebulTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli), raTa Tqven ar imwuxroT
ise, rogorc sxvebi wuxan. es `sxvebi~ sadukevelebi arian,
romlebic mkvdreTiT aRdgomas uaryofdnen da maTTan
erTad yvela is warmarTic, visac, marTalia, swamda sulis
ukvdavebisa, magram saiqio cxovreba Zalian usixarulod
da bnelad warmoedgina _ SemaZrwunebel da SeWirvebul
mdgomareobad. ìmedi cocxalTaTvis aris, _ ambobs Teokrite, _ mkvdrebi ki uimedoni arian~, `mze Cadis da
amodis, _ ambobs katulusi, _ xolo Cven, rogorc ki erTxel Cagviqreba sicocxlis sxivi, gauRviZeblad maradiuli
Rame unda gveZinos~. rac Seexeba qristians, misTvis sikvdili Savbnel dasasruls ar unda warmoadgendes, rameTu
`gurwams, viTarmed iesu mokuda da aRdga, egreca
RmerTman Sesuenebulni igi iesuYs mier moiyvannes mis
Tana~ (4, 14) _ aramxolod aq, aramed Tavisi epistoleebis
bevr sxva adgilzec pavle mociquli mkvdrebis aRdgomas
qristes aRdgomasTan akavSirebs da masze damokidebuls
xdis (rom. 8, 11; 1 kor. 15, 12-23; 6, 14; 2 kor. 4, 14).
mkdreTiT aRdgomili qriste SesvenebulTaTvis dasabamia
(1 kor. 15, 20). misi aRdgoma yovelTa sxvaTa aRdgomis
sawindaria. gankacebuli qriste yvela morwmunis Tavia
da maTTan erTad erT sxeuls Seadgens. Tuki sxeulis
Tavi aRdga, SeuZlebelia, rom sxeulis nawilebi mkvdrebi
darCnen: isinic mkvdreTiT aRdgebian. `man Tavisi sxeuliT yvela adamiani aRadgina (dasabami daudo am aRdgomas), amitomac ewodeba `pirmSoY mkudreTiT~ (kolas. 1,
18) (wminda ioane damaskeli).
------ 196 ------
winaswari cnebebi
`xolo amas getyK Tquen sityKTa uflisaYTa, viTarmed Cuen, cxovelni ese, romel daSTomil viyvneT
moslvasa mas uflisasa, ver mivewineT SesuenebulTa maT~ (4, 15), _ aq sruli damajereblobiT, misTvis
uflisgan micemuli gacxadebiT, wminda mociquli arwmunebs Tesalonikelebs, rom uflis meored mosvlis dros
cocxalni win ar gauswreben mkvdrebs, anu maTze adre
ar Sexvdebian didebiT momaval ufals da mkvdrebze
adre ar miiReben momavali sasufevlis sixaruls, aramed
yvelani Tanabar mdgomareobaSi iqnebian. `Tavadi ufali brZanebiTa da PmiTa angelozT mTavrisaYTa da
sayKriTa RvTisaYTa gardamopdes zeciT, da mkudarni igi qristes mierni aRdgen pirvelad~ (4, 16), _ aq
qristes meored mosvla TiTqosda misi pirveli mosvlis sapirwonea: is wynari da SeumCneveli iyo, es ki _
didebiT da yvelasaTvis gacxadebulad moxdeba, mTeli
msoflios dasanaxad aRsruldeba. uflis meored mosvla `brZanebiT~ moxdeba, romliTac RmerTi gamoacxadebs, rom Jami dasrulda da mkvdarTa aRdgomisa da
samyaros ganaxlebis dro dadga. RmerTis am brZanebas
angelozTa Soris pirveli _ miqaeli miiRebs, _ RvTis
eris, winaT Zveli israelis, Semdeg ki axali israelis _
qristianebis damcveli. mTavarangelozis xmiT es ambavi
euwyeba sxva zeciur Zalebs, romlebic RvTis sayviriT
mTel qveynierebas, kidiT-kidemde, auwyeben RvTis am brZanebis Sesaxeb. `sayKriTa RvTisaYTa~, _ aq mxolod
erTi sayviri ar igulisxmeba, _ ganmartavs wminda ioane
oqropiri, _ sayviri bevri iqneba. ufali ki ukanaskneli
sayviris Semdeg gardamoxdeba~. es sayviri mkvdrebs
gaaRviZebs da maT cocxlebTan erTad mouyris Tavs.
------ 197 ------

Zvel aRTmaSic sayviri RvTaebrivi eris mowvevis organo
iyo, raTa RvTis neba moesminaT da SeesrulebinaT (lev.
25, 9; ricx. 10, 2; 31, 6). zogierTi varaudobs, rom am
sayvirSi unda vigulisxmoT didi da xmauriani movlenebi bunebaSi (2 pet. 3, 10), rac soflis aRsasrulisas
moxdeba (Sdr. maT. 24, 31). `mkudarni igi qristes
mierni aRdgen pirvelad~ _ sityva `pirvelad~ imas
ki ar niSnavs, rasac zogierTi mwvalebeli da seqtanti
miiCnevs, TiTqos, pirvelad morwmuneni gacocxldebian,
1000 wlis Semdeg ki _ urwmunoni, _ amaze aq aranairi
miniSneba ar aris, _ aramed imaze miuTiTebs, rom pirvelad mkvdrebi aRdgebian, Semdeg cocxlad darCenilni
maTi sxeulebis myisieri Secvlis Semdeg aRitacebian
RrublebSi momavali uflis Sesaxvedrad. `da maSinRa
Cuen, cxovelni ese, romelni daSTomil viyvneT, maT
Tanave aRvitacneT RrubliTa SemTxuevad uflisa
haerTa zeda da esreT maradis uflisa Tana viyofvodiT~ (4, 17), _ mkvdarni aRdgebian, cocxalni ki meyseulad Seicvlebian: mSvinvieri sxeulebis nacvlad msubuq, uxrwnel, sulier sxeulebs miiReben, ris Sesaxebac
pavle mociquli sxva adgilas wers, kerZod, korinToelTa mimarT pirvel epistoleSi (15, 51, 52): àha esera saidumlosa giTxrob Tquen: yovelTave ukue ara
SevisuenoT, xolo yovelnive ganvaxldeT meysa Sina
wamsa Tualisa ukuanaYskneliTa miT sayKriTa, rameTu
sayKrsa daeces, da mkudarni igi aRdgen uxrwnelni,
da Cuen ganvaxldeT~. mas Semdeg, rac erTni aRdgebian, sxvebi ki Seicvlebian, iqneba samsjavro da borotTa
gamoyofa keTilTagan. Tumca mociquli amis Sesaxeb ar
saubrobs, magram igi amSvidebs Tesalonikelebs, rom
------ 198 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Cven, morwmuneni `maradis uflisa Tana viyofvodiT~,
anu misi didebisa da netarebis Tanaziarni gavxdebiT
iq, sadac Tavad iqneba marjveniT mamisa. saxeldobr sad
iqneba es, CvenTvis dafarulia. viciT mxolod is, rom
masTan netar erTobaSi viqnebiT da ukve aRarasodes
ganveSorebiT. ès sasoebis mwvervalia, romelic qristianebs aRafrTovanebs~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). samaradiso tanjvisTvis mkvdreTiT aRmdgarTa
Sesaxeb mociquli aq arafers wers, radgan mkvdreTiT
aRdgomis Sesaxeb sakiTxs igi mxolod Tesalonikelebis
dasamSvideblad exeba da amitomac amTavrebs Semdegi
sityvebiT: `nugeSinis-scemdiT urTierTars sityuaTa
amaT mier~ (4, 18).
mexuTe Tavis pirvel 11 muxlSi mocemulia qristes
Sesaxeb axlaxan gadmocemul swavlebaze zneobiTi xasiaTis damateba. mociquli Tesalonikelebs Seaxsenebs,
rom TviT ufali ieso qristes sityvebiT, misi meored
mosvlis dRe _ ùflis dRe~ _ moulodnelad mova
`viTarca mparavi RamisaY~ (5, 1, 2). magram ùflis
dRed~, rogorc wminda mamebi aswavlian, SeiZleba TiToeuli Cvenganis sikvdilis dRec vigulisxmoT, romelic aseve ucnobia CvenTvis, Tumca _ gardauvali, da
romelsac maSinve mivyavarTa samsjavroze. `Tuki uflis
xangrZlivma mousvlelobam SeiZleba Seasustos misi meyseulad mosvlis rwmena, maSin ise Zlier amisTvis sxva
araferi aRZravs gonebas, rogorc imis rwmena, rom sikvdili yovelwams SeiZleba movides~ (episkoposi Teofane
dayudebuli). wminda ioane oqropiri ambobs: `TiToeuli
Cvenganis sicocxlis dasasruli, gana, CvenTvis qveynis
aRsasrulic ar aris? ratom cnobismoyvareob sayovel------ 199 ------

Tao aRsasrulis Sesaxeb? Tu Sen kargad moemzadebi Seni
kerZo aRsasrulisTvis, maSin sayovelTaosgan aranair
borotebas ar SeimTxvev; Sors iqneba is Tu axlos, _
es Cvens xvedrze veranair gavlenas ver iqoniebs~. `raJams Tquan: (udierma adamianebma qristes mosvlis win)
mSKdobaY da krZalulebaY, maSin meyseulad moiwios maT zeda momsrveli, viTarca salmobaY SobadisaY, da ver ganernen~ (5, 3). wminda ioane oqropiri
am adgils Semdegnairad ganmartavs: `mociquls surda,
rom am SedarebiT aramxolod Jamis ucnoblobaze mieTiTebina, aramed tanjvis sisastikezec. rameTu, rogorc
orsuli qalia uzrunvelad, mxiarulobs da ar icis,
rom uceb gamouTqmeli tanjva moicavs da mSobiarobis tkivilebiT gaiTangeba, msgavsadve moiwyvleba aseT
(uzrunvel, udier) adamianTa sulebi im dRis dadgomisas~. ufali egzom moulodnelad imitom ki ar mova,
rom yvelas moulodnelad daatydes Tavs, aramed ase
moxdeba adamianTa udierebisa da daudevrobis mizeziT
(Sdr. maT. 24, 37-39). es uecari mosvla mxolod Ramis
(bnelis) SvilebisTvisaa saSiSi. naTlis Svilebs ki es
moulodneloba ar unda aSinebdeT, rameTu isini mudam
fxizloben da uflis Sesaxvedrad ganmzadebulni arian
(5, 4-7). amitomac Seagonebs mociquli, rom uzrunvelobas ar miecnen _ imRviZaron da ifxizlon: `SevimosoT
jaWK igi sarwmunoebisaY da siyuarulisaY da Cafxuti igi sasoebisaY da cxovrebisaY~ (mux. 8). unda gvaxsovdes, rom es dRe gansazRvrulia ara `risxvisaTs,
aramed Sesawevnelad cxorebisa~. Cvenc yovelmxriv
unda movemzadoT im dRisTvis, raTa cxoneba movipovoT
(mux. 9).
------ 200 ------
winaswari cnebebi
qristes meored mosvlis Sesaxeb swavlebas mociquli
zneobis gakveTilebs urTavs (mux. 10-22). aq mociquli
gvesaubreba im saTnoebebis Sesaxeb, rac qristianuli
Temebis mowyobis safuZvelia da razec am sazogadoebis
simtkice da keTildReoba dgas. is morwmuneebs aswavlis, rom maTTan moRvawe moZRvrebTan, ise, rogorc
erTmaneTTan, mWidro erTobaSi unda iyvnen (mux.12-15).
wminda pavle aRniSnavs agreTve WeSmariti qristianisa
da qristianuli cxovrebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebebs: qristiani unda Seagonebdes uwesoebs, anugeSebdes
sulmokleT, eweodes uZlurT; iyos sulgrZeli (mimtevebeli), yvelasaTvis keTilis mosurne, moxaruli, mlocveli, madlieri, sulmgznebare; ar unda Seuracxyofdes
winaswarmetyvelebas; yovelives gamoscdides da keTils
irCevdes; yovelgvari saxis borotebisagan Tavs ikavebdes (5, 16-22). 23-e_24-e muxlebSi miTiTebulia is saboloo mizani, rasac qristiani unda eltvodes: daxvdes
ieso qristes meored mosvlas ubiwo suliT, samSvinveliTa da sxeuliT. aq saubaria adamianuri arsebis
samnawiledobaze. RvTivgacxadebiT gvemcno, rom suli
samSvinvelis umaRlesi nawilia, samSvinveli ki adamianSi
sicocxlis sawyisia. epistole mTavrdeba locvis TxovniT, misalmebiTa da Cveuli kurTxeviT (mux. 25-28).
------ 201 ------
meore epistole TesalonikelTa

mimarT
epistoles daweris mizezi. TesalonikelTa mimarT
meore epistoles daweris mizezi gaxda pavle mociqulis
yuramde miRweuli xma imis Taobaze, rom Tesalonikelebi Rrmad ganimsWvalnen pirveli epistoles SinaarsiT.
cnobam imis Sesaxeb, rom qristes meored mosvla uecrad,
moulodnelad moxdeboda, maTi gonebrivi dabneuloba da
SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia. fiqrobdnen, rom dRe-dReze moweuli iyo uflis dRe (2 Tesal. 2, 1, 2). aseT mosazrebas Tesalonikel qristianebSi is devniloba da SeWirveba aZlierebda, rasac urwmunoTa mxridan ganicdidnen
(2 Tesal. 1, 4, 5). pavle mociqulis sityvebis: `Cuen,
cxovelni ese, romel daSTomil viyvneT moslvasa mas
uflisasa, ver mivewineT SesuenebulTa maT~* (1 Tesal. 4, 15) maTeuli ganmartebiT, wminda pavle TiTqos
varaudobda, rom uflis meored mosvlamde icocxlebda
da, amdenad, es dRe, TiTqos, axloa. aseTma mosazrebam
TesalonikelTa cxovrebis Cveuli ritmi daarRvia: zogma
saerTod dauteva yoveldRiur yofier sazrunavze fiqri
da mieca uqm, meocnebe cxovrebas. sxvebi SfoTavdnen,
adgils ver poulobdnen, aRar SeeZloT mSvidi Sroma da
cxovreba. msgavsi ganwyobis gaRvivebas, Tavis mxriv, crumoZRvrebic uwyobdnen xels. am mizniT, rogorc Cans, isini
pavle mociqulis fsevdoepistolesac ki avrcelebdnen (2
* Cven, romlebic cocxlebi viqnebiT uflis mosvlisas, ver gavafrTxilebT mkvdrebs
------ 202 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Tesal. 3, 17, 18). unda vivaraudoT, rom wminda pavlem,
TesalonikelTa Soris aseTi ganwyobis Sesaxeb masTan Casuli mavani Tesalonikelisagan gaigo da cruazrebisagan
maTi saswrafo gankurnebis aucilebloba dainaxa.
epistoles daweris dro, adgili da mizani. TviT
epistoles Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, is pirveli epistoles
Semdeg maleve daiwera da mis ganmartebas emsaxureba,
_ gansakuTrebiT mis im nawilSi, sadac qristes meored mosvlis Sesaxeb aris saubari. epistoles mixedviT,
TesalonikeSi axali araferi xdeboda, Tu ar CavTvliT,
ra Tqma unda, im SfoTs, pirveli epistoles Sinaarsis gaurkvevlobam rom gamoiwvia. amitom yvela safuZveli gvaqvs, vivaraudoT, rom meore epistolec, rogorc
pirveli, korinToSi daiwera da, Tanac imave 54 wels.
es varaudi imiTac dasturdeba, rom epistole dawerilia pavles, Silas da timoTes saxeliT, xolo pavles
es ori TanamuSaki erTdroulad masTan mxolod korinToSi iyo. rogorc Cans, epistole dawerilia korinToSi
wminda pavles yofnis bolo periodSi, rameTu igi masSi
iTxovs, rom uweso da ukeTur kacTagan misi ganrinebis
Sesaxeb ilocon, rac, ueWvelia, korinToSi mis winaaRmdeg mowyobil amboxze miuTiTebs (saqm. 18, 12-22).
wminda pavle mociquli am (meore) epistoleSic
zogadad imave mizans isaxavs, rasac pirvelSi: auwyos
Tesalonikelebs qristes meored mosvlisa da misi winmswrebi movlenebis Sesaxeb; kerZod, cdilobs, gauqarwylos maT pirveli epistoledan gamotanili mcdari
daskvnebi da daucxros crumoZRvarTa ganmartebebiT
gamowveuli SfoTi.
------ 203 ------

epistoles Sinaarsi da dayofa. TesalonikelTa mimarT meore epistole sul sam Tavs Seicavs. is Tavisi
SinaarsiT 4 nawilad SeiZleba daiyos: 1) Cveulebrivi
zedwarwerili da misalmeba (1, 1, 2); 2) TesalonikelTa
cxovrebis naTeli mxaris aRfrTovanebiT aRwera, sadac
wminda pavle uqebs maT rwmenis simtkices da mwuxarebis udrtvinvelad daTmenas (1, 3-12); 3) dogmaturi, anu
aRmsareblobiTi nawili, romelSic wminda mociquli
qristes meored mosvlis Sesaxeb TesalonikelTa mcdar
azrebs gafantavs (2 Tav.); da 4) zneobriv-gamosasworebeli nawili, romelSic mociquli uwesod mavalT amxels da gamosworebisaken mouwodebs (3 Tav.).
epistole, Cveulebriv, mokiTxviTa da kurTxeviT
mTavrdeba (3, 17, 18).
zedwarweriT, romelic pirveli epistoles zedwarwerilis identuria: `pavle da siloane da timoTe eklesiasa TesalonikelTasa RvTisa mier mamisa Cuenisa
da uflisa iesu qristesa~, rasac mohyveba wminda pavlesTvis Cveuli samociqulo kurTxeva: `madli Tquenda
da mSdoba...~ (mux. 1, 2). mTeli pirveli Tavi Tesalonikes eklesiis wevrTa saqeb TvisebaTa warmoCinebas
eZRvneba. mociquli maT rwmenasa da moTminebas aqebs,
rasac isini sxvadasxvagvar mRelvarebasa da mwuxarebaSi
amJRavneben. igi RmerTs madlobas swiravs, rom maTSi
mtkicdeba sarwmunoeba da mravldeba siyvaruli, xolo
TviT Tesalonikelebs imiT amxnevebs, rom iqneba ukanaskneli samsjavro, sadac yvela maTi mdevneli urjulo
daemxoba da saukuno tanjviT daisjeba, xolo amJamad
------ 204 ------
winaswari cnebebi
devnil morwmuneebs gandideba da saukuno sixaruli
moeliT. dasasrul, mociquli loculobs, rom RmerTma
inebos, bolomde daiTminon Tesalonikelma qristianebma
da TavianTi wodebis Rirsiqmnen, raTa ìdidos saxeli
uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesi maT Soris, da isini mis
mier~ (mux. 3-12).
meore TavSi wminda mociquli qristes Sesaxeb TesalonikelTa mcdar azrs aqarvebs da ganmartavs, rom
ùflis dRe~ arc ise axloa rogorc maT hgoniaT.
rameTu manamde, mis mosvlamde, unda gamoCndes `kaci
igi uSjuloebisaY, Svili igi warsawymedelisaY~ _
antiqriste, da rom misi gamoCenis Sesaxeb winaswar ganWvretili niSnebi jer ar Cans. `xolo getyKT Tquen,
Zmano, moslvisa misTKs uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesa... ara adre aRiZrneT Tquen gonebiTa, arca SeSfoTneT arca suliTa, arca sityKTa, arca wigniTa,
viTarca Cuen mier, viTarmca mowevnul iyo dRe igi
uflisaY~ (2, 1, 2), _ aq mociquli miuTiTebs im sam wyaroze, romlebmac Tesalonikelebs ùflis dRis~ siaxlovis rwmena Seuqmna, esenia: suli, sityva da epistole.
am `sulSi~ wminda mamebi im winaswarmetyvelur suls
gulisxmoben, romelic zogierT qristianze maTi locviTi Sekrebebis dros gadmodioda da sxvadasxva Temebze
aRfrTovanebul saubrebs awyebinebda, xSirad ki momavalsac awinaswarmetyvelebinebda. Tumca yoveli aseTi
aRfrTovanebuli saubari saRvTo sulisgan rodia. mociquli swored amis Sesaxeb afrTxilebs: uflis meored
mosvlis Taobaze saubrebs ar erwmunon, im SemTxvevaSic
ki, Tu aseT saubrebs Tavisi winaswarmetyveluri niWiT
cnobili pirebi awarmoeben. es msgavsia imisa, rasac pav------ 205 ------

le mociquli galateelebs epistoleSi eubneba: `gina
Tu angelozi zeciT...~ (1, 8). `sityvaSi~ aq uflis sityva ar unda vigulisxmoT, aramed is sityva, romelic
mcdarad miewereboda TviTon pavles. aseve, `wignSi~
igulisxmeba fsevdoepistole, Sedgenili da gavrcelebuli wminda pavles saxeliT, rasac igi Tavad aRniSnavs, roca ambobs: `viTarca Cuen mier~. `viTarmca
mowevnul iyo~, _ rac niSnavs: `TiTqos, ukve mowevnul
iyos uflis dRe~. TesalonikelTa codva is ki ar aris,
rom isini `qristes dRis~ dadgomas elian, rameTu uflis mosvlas _ misive mcnebisamebr _ yovelTvis unda
velodoT (ix. luk. 12, 35-46), aramed is, rom Tavad gansazRvraven da adgenen am dRes, romelic RmerTis garda
yvelasaTvis dafarulia (ix. maT. 25, 13; 24, 36).
`numca vin gacTunebs Tquen nu romliTa saxiTa, rameTu ukueTu ara movides gandgomilebaY igi
pirvelad, da gamoCndes kaci igi uSjuloebisaY,
Svili igi warsawymedelisaY~ (2, 3) _ vidre ar mova
gandgomileba da ar gamoCndeba urjuloebis kaci, warsawymedelis Svili _ antiqriste, manam ar dadgeba ùflis dRe~. `gandgomilebaSi~ aq igulisxmeba ufali ieso
qristes mier winaswarTqmuli sarwmunoebisagan didi da
sayovelTao gandgomileba da garyvnilebis ukiduresi
xarisxi, _ miuxedavad yvela erSi saxarebis gavrcelebisa. am gandgomilebaze saubrobs pavle mociqulic timoTes mimarT pirvel epistoleSi (4, 1): ùkuanaYsknelTa
JamTa gan-vinme-dgen sarwmunoebisagan da erCden igini sulTa maT macTurTa da moZRurebasa eSmakTasa~.
amasve ambobs timoTes mimarT meore epistoleSic (3,
1-8), agreTve, iuda mociquli me-18_me-19 muxlebSi. ufa------ 206 ------
winaswari cnebebi
li Tavad ambobda, rom roca igi amqveynad mova, hpovebs
ki sarwmunoebas `queyanasa zeda?~ (luk. 18, 8).
`gandgomilebis~ am Savbnel suraTs xatovnad aRwers
episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli TesalonikelTa mimarT meore epistoles ganmartebaSi: `saxareba yvelas euwyeba, magram erTi nawili ar irwmunebs; meore, ufro didi nawili
ki mwvaleblobas daiwyebs. RvTivmocemul swavlebas ki ar
mihyveba, aramed wmida werilis sityvebis gamoyenebiT axal
sarwmunoebas aagebs, Tavis mier gamogonils. aseT gamogonil sarwmunoebebs saTvalavi ar eqneba. amas dasawyisi
papma daudo, mere ki luTerma da kalvinma gaagrZeles. maT
axal sarwmunoebas safuZvlad wminda werilis TavianTi
piradi wvdoma daudes, ramac Zlieri biZgi misca axalaxali sarwmunoebis gamogonebas. isini axlac Zalze bevrni
arian da kidev metni iqnebian.* lamis yovel samefos Tavisi
aRmsarebloba aqvs, Semdeg ki yovel mxares, yovel qalaqs;
bolos, TiTqmis TiToeuls eqneba sakuTari sarwmunoeba
da yvela maTgani qristianis saxels miiTvisebs. garkveuli
nawili daicavs WeSmarit sarwmunoebas, _ wminda mociqulTa mier gadmocemuls da marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi
damarxuls. Tumca maTgan arcTu mcire nawili mxolod
saxeliT iqneba qristiani, guliT ki wuTisofeli eyvareba.
ai, rogori didi gandgomileba gvelodeba win. miuxedavad
imisa, rom qristianebi qveynis yvela kuTxeSi iqnebian da
eklesiebic imoqmedebs, yovelive amas mxolod garegnuli
saxe eqneba, Sinaganad ki gandgomileba daisadgurebs. aseT
sayovelTao sulier safuZvelze daibadeba antiqriste da
* magaliTad, raseli, _ egreT wodebuli ìeRovas mowmeebis~ seqtis damaarsebeli. _ red.
------ 207 ------

sulis aseTive garegnuli mdgomareobiT gaizrdeba. Semdeg
suls satanas mihyidis, sarwmunoebas aSkarad ganudgeba da
macdunebeli manqanebiT SeiaraRebuli yvelas, vinc WeSmarit sarwmunoebaSi iqneba, qristesgan gandgomasa da misTvis
(antiqristesTvis) saRvTo pativis migebas aiZulebs. mxolod
rCeulni ar cdundebian, Tumca mas maTi cdunebis mcdelobac eqneba. swored imitom, rom rCeulnic ar cdundnen,
antiqristes dReebi Sewydeba, gamoCndeba ufali qriste da
mas, mTeli Tavisi saqmeebiTurT, miwisa pirisagan aRgvis.
ai, romel gandgomilebas gulisxmobs wminda mociquli~.
amrigad, es ukanaskneli drois gandgomileba TviT antiqristes mier iqneba gamowveuli. TviTon miscems amis, ase
vTqvaT, pirvel niSans da igi xilul, yvelasaTvis aSkara da
gacxadebul saxes miiRebs, gansxvavebiT imisagan, romelic
mxolod Sinagani xasiaTisaa da romlis Sekavebac garkveul
xarisxamde xdeba saxelmwifo kanonebiT, _ aseTi gandgomebi
aqamdec yofila da iqneba Tavisuflad moazrovne adamianebis mxridan da isini mxolod da mxolod niadags amzadeben antiqristes momavali saqmianobisTvis. wminda mociqulis zemoT moyvanili sityvebidan gamomdinare, radgan
igi ar ganixilavs antiqristes gamoCenasa da sayovelTao
gandgomilebas Soris drois raime monakveTs, rameTu am or
movlenas erTdroulad warmogviCens, zogierTi wminda mama
miiCnevda, rom mociqulma sityva `gandgomileba~ `gandgomilis~ nacvlad gamoiyena da masSi antiqriste igulisxmeba
(wminda ioane oqropiri, netari Teodorite, netari avgustine), Tumca wminda pavle aSkarad ganasxvavebs antiqristes
mis mier warmoqmnili gandgomilebis saqmisgan.
me-3_me-10 muxlebSi mociquli antiqristes Savbneli
pirovnebis daxasiaTebas iZleva. vin iqneba is? _ moci------ 208 ------
winaswari cnebebi
quli mas pirdapir uwodebs àdamians~. amitom cdebodnen da cdebian isini, vinc fiqrobdnen da fiqroben, rom
TiTqos amsoflis aRsasrulisas adamianis saxiT TviT satana gamoCndeba qveyanaze, romlis gankacebac mkrexelurad daemsgavseba qristes gankacebas. antiqriste iSveba
kacobriobis ukanono (urjulo) asulisgan. is ar iqneba
kacissaxiani satana, aramed TiTqmis gasatanebuli adamiani, romelSic damkvidrebuli iqneba satana da igi misiT imoqmedebs, rogorc yovladmorCili iaraRi (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). wminda ioane oqropiri svams
SekiTxvas: `vin iqneba is? nuTu satana? da Tavad pasuxobs: _ ara, vinme adamiani, romelic mTel mis Zalas
miirqvams~. msgavsadve bWobs ekumenosic: àntiqriste satana ki ara, adamiani iqneba, satanis mier Sepyrobili
da moqmedi (gasatanebuli). igi magiaSi daxelovnebuli
vinme ebraeli iqneba~.
ra TvisebebiT axasiaTebs antiqristes pavle mociquli?
upirveles yovlisa, is iqneba `kaci igi uSjuloebisaY~ (mux. 3), ese igi, yovlad urjulo _ urjuloebiT
nasazrdoebi. wminda mamebi aswavlian, rom TviT dabadeba misi urjulo (ukanono) iqneba, anu meZavisgan iSveba.
ùrjulod daibadeba, urjulod icxovrebs, TviTon
iurjuloebs da urjuloebas yovelgan gaavrcelebs, da
urjuloebaSive daiRupeba, _ ambobs episkoposi Teofane
dayudebuli, _ igi urjuloebis sruli gansaxiereba
iqneba da masSi urjuloebis garda, sxva araferi iqneba~. misi suli mTlianad iqneba sijansaRes moklebuli.
meore, rasac wminda mociquli ambobs mis Sesaxeb,
es aris is, rom iqneba `Svili igi warsawymedelisaY~,
romelic nebayoflobiT miecema warsawymedels imis
------ 209 ------

sruli SegnebiT, rom wariwymideba, magram marto TviTon ki ara _ sxvebsac warwymeds, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom acdunebs, raTa mis nebasa da moZRvrebas
mihyvnen da amiT daRupavs. kmayofilebas miaRwevs sxvebis damRupveli gzisken miqceviT da mTeli misi sazrunavi iqneba, rom rac SeiZleba meti adamiani daRupos.
gavixsenoT, rom qriste-macxovarma gamcem iudasac `Ze
igi warwymedisaY~ uwoda (ioan. 17, 12). wminda ioane
RvTismetyveli gamocxadebaSi antiqristes ase saxeldebs: `mxeci ege~, romelic RvTismbrZolobis Semdeg
`warsawymedelad warvals~ (gamocx. 17, 8, 11).
Semdeg antiqriste aseTi sityvebiT xasiaTdeba: `mPdomi igi da ganlaRebuli yovelTa zeda, romelni
saxel-debul arian RmrTad gina samsaxurebelad,
viTarmed da-ca-jdes igi taZarsa mas RvTisasa da
gamoaCinebdes Tavsa TKssa, viTarca RmerTi~ (mux.
4), _ aq warmoCenilia antiqristes sami axali Tviseba:
pirveli _ is iqneba `mxdomi~. unda vigulisxmoT, rom
RvTisa da ufal ieso qristes mowinaaRmdege, saidanac warmoiSva misi saxeli àntiqriste~. pirdapir am
saxeliT moixseniebs mas wminda ioane RvTismetyveli (1
ioan. 2, 18, 22; 4, 3; 2 ioan. 7). wminda ioane oqropiri
mas àntiTeoss~ uwodebs _ `RvTissawinaaRmdegos~, anu
`RvTismonacvals~ _ qristes nacvlad sakuTari Tavis damdginebels, iseve, rogorc àntiqriste~ niSnavs:
`qristes adgilze sakuTari Tavis damdginebels~.
meore _ is iqneba yovlisdamTrgunveli ampartavani,
romelic yovelives uaryofs, `rasac RmerTi da siwminde
ewodeba~, imis surviliT, rom mxolod mas miagon pativi
da eTayvanon.
------ 210 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mesame _ is iqneba umagaliTod kadnieri Tavxedi, romelic, Tavisi ampartavnebiT moculi, saRvTo saydarze dajdeba, `viTarca RmerTi~. taZarSi, rogorc wminda mamebi
ganmartaven, unda vigulisxmoT swored taZari da ara sxva
rame taZris msgavsi. Tanac es ar iqneba erTi romelime
garkveuli taZari, magaliTad, ierusalimis, aramed taZari
krebsiTi mniSvnelobiT. episkopos Teofane dayudebulis
sityvebiT: àntiqristes moqmedebis mTavari adgili, ra
Tqma unda, sadme, garkveul adgilas iqneba, roca igi Tavs
aseTad (anu `RmerTad~) gamoacxadebs. swored im adgilis
mTavar taZars gulisxmobs mociquli da iq dajdeba is,
TiTqos RmerTi iyos. Semdeg ki, aseTive mniSvnelobiT,
yvela sxva taZarSic dajdeba; SesaZloa, sxva taZrebSi
dajdoma man sxva raime niSniT daamowmos. gamocxadebaSi
mxecis xatzea saubari. iqneb mas taZrebSi dadgamen? taZrebs is miisakuTrebs adamianebTan erTad, rameTu maTSi
daisadgurebs RvTisa da religiisagan udidesi gandgoma~.
Znelia imis daSveba, rom antiqriste Tavis RmrTeebriobas
irwmunebs: es misi mxridan mxolod RvTismbrZoli kadniereba da kacTagan saRvTo pativis miRebis dauokebeli
survili iqneba. mis TayvanismcemelTa Soris sxvadasxva
adamianebi aRmoCndebian: erTni, rogorc Cans, sruliad
dakargaven Tavs; meoreni _ crumorwmuneni da ganuviTarebelni, romelnic cru niSan-saswaulTa gamo namdvilad irwmuneben mas, rogorc RmerTs; mesameni ara gulwrfelad,
aramed liqniT scemen Tayvans, _ misi sisastikiT daSinebulni, an qeds moudreken im miwieri pativisa da sargeblis
miRebis mizniT, riTac antiqriste Tavis Tayvanismcemlebs
gaumaspinZldeba. yvela SemTxvevaSi, misdami Tayvaniscema
iqneba Sedegi RvTismoSiSebis sruli dakargvisa.
------ 211 ------

meoTxe _ antiqriste eSmakisgan cru niSan-saswaulTa
qmnis unars miiRebs da amiT kacTa warmosaxvas ufro
metad mowylavs. ìseTi fufunebiT garSemortymuli iqneba taZarSi, iseT viTarebas Seqmnis cru saswaulebiT, rom mis qmedebebSi yvela iq myofs igi RmerTad moeCveneba, rogorc Tavis droze samefo samoselSi
gamowyobili herode. xalxis winaSe samsjavro taxtze
mjdomi, bevrs uCveulod mimzidveli moeCvena, ise, rom
TiTqos misi xmac araadamianuri, RvTaebrivi yofiliyo
(saqm. 12, 21, 22), _ ambobs wminda ioane oqropiri. _ is
Seecdeba, Tavi RmerTad moaCvenos, rameTu did saqmeebsa
da saswaulebs aRasrulebs~. ekumenosi werda: `yovelgvar xriks mimarTavs _ saqmiT, niSniT da saswauliT
gamoaCens, TiTqos RmerTia~. erTi sityviT, igi raRaciT
magis (mogvis) Tu jadoqris msgavsi iqneba.
àra gaPsovsa, rameTu, vidre-igiRa viyav Tquen
Tana, amasve getyode Tquen?~ (2, 5), _ aqedan Cans, rom
antiqristes Sesaxeb swavleba, qristianuli swavlebis
yvela sxva dogmatTan erTad, Tavdapirvel samociqulo
qadagebaTa nusxaSi Sedioda. damaxasiaTebelia, rom TesalonikeSi Tavisi xanmokle yofnis periodSi pavle mociqulma araTu gverdi ar auara am swavlebas, rogorc
meorexarisxovans, aramed saWirod miiCnia, dawvrilebiT
eqadaga mis Sesaxeb; epistoleSi ki mxolod Seaxsenebs. ai, ratom codavs yvela, vinc antiqristes Sesaxeb
swavlebas zedapirulad epyroba da masze saubaric ar
surs, rogorc es amJamad xdeba. xom ar aris es misi
gamoCenis moaxloebis niSani?
`da aw, romeli-igi dagiswavies, iciT gamoCinebadi igi TKssa mas Jamsa~, _ ra akavebs, ra ayovnebs an------ 212 ------
winaswari cnebebi
tiqristes gamoCenas? mociqulTa sityvebidan Cans, rom
Tesalonikelebma es icodnen, Cven ki mxolod SegviZlia
vivaraudoT mociqulis azri wminda mamaTa ganmartebebis safuZvelze. wminda ioane oqropiri wers: èrTni varaudoben, rom masSi suliwmidis madli unda vigulisxmoT, sxvebi ki romis saxlmwifos gulisxmoben~. imaves
imeoreben Teodorite, ekumenosi, Teofilaqte. Tumca
sxva mosazrebac arsebobs. Teodorite wers: `SemakavebelSi zogi romis samefos gulisxmobs, zogi suliwmidis
madls. anu antiqriste ar mova, sanam suliwmidis madli
moqmedebs amqveynad. RvTis gangebuleba mas amJamad gamoCenis nebas ar aZlevs radgan RvTaebrivma mociqulma
uwyoda uflis naTqvami, rom saxareba yvela ers unda
eqadagos da mxolod mas Semdeg dadgeba aRsasruli
(maT. 24, 14), magram amasTan, xedavda, rom jer kidev
kerpTmsaxureba mZlavrobda. amitom uflis swavlebiT
Tqva, rom crurwmenis samefo daingreva da macxonebeli
qadageba yvelgan gabrwyindeba da amis Semdeg gamoCndeba
WeSmaritebis mowinaRmdege (`mxdomi~)~. fotiosis azri
ekumenosis naSromSi: `gamoCndeba Tavis droze, ese igi
roca misTvis gansazRvruli da RvTis mier daSvebuli
anu nebadarTuli Jami dadgeba~. severiosis azri imave
ekumenosTan: ùrjulos gamoCenas suliwmida akavebs da
ar uSvebs mas. roca suliwmida, kacTa Soris borotebis gamravlebis Sedegad, ganze gadgeba da ganSordeba,
maSin urjulo igi, Tavisuflad ganacxadebs Tavs da
asparezze gamova, _ xels veravin SeuSlis~.
yvela am mosazrebidan daskvna TavisTavad momdinareobs: antiqriste manam ar mova, sanam saxareba yvelas
ar eqadageba da sanam, uflis cnobili igavis mixedviT
------ 213 ------

(maT. 13, 24-30), ifqli RvarZlisgan ar ganirCeva. mxolod maSin, roca suliwmidis madli yvela erisgan
cxonebisunarianT Sekrebs, yvela danarCenSi ki boroteba umaRles mwvervals miaRwevs ise, rom adamianebi
RmerTsa da sindiss sruliad daiviwyeben da kanonebsa
da yovelgvar saxelmwifo xelisuflebasa da mTavrobas
ugulebelyofen, maSin dadgeba yovelives aRsasruli da
antiqristec gamoCndeba.
rusi ganmmarteblebi, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
Zveli drois wminda mamebi `SemakavebelSi~ romis imperias gulisxmobdnen, rogorc marTlmadideblobis
apologets, miiCnevdnen, rom raki man arseboba Sewyvita,
mis sanacvlod ruseTis saxelmwifo unda CavTvaloT
`Semakaveblad~, radgan mas marTlmadidebeli xelmwife
marTavda da mTel msofloSi sarwmunoebisa da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mfarveli erTaderTi xelisufali
iyo. ai, ras ambobs amis Sesaxeb episkoposi Teofane
dayudebuli: `samefo xelisuflebas Tavis xelSi saxalxo moZraobis Semakavebeli saSualebebi upyria da
Tavad qristianuli sawyisebis mfarveli, ar dauSvebs am
sawyisebisgan eris gandgomas da Seakavebs mas. ramdenadac
antiqristes mTavari mizani qristesgan xalxis gandgomaa, amitom igi manamde ar gamoCndeba, sanam samefo xelisufleba ZalaSia. igi mas Riad moqmedebis saSualebas
ar aZlevs _ swored es aris `Semakavebeli~. xolo, roca
samefo xelisufleba daecema da xalxi yvelgan TviTmmarTvelobas gamoacxadebs (respublika, demokratia),
maSin antiqristes moqmedebis sivrce miecema. satana isev
moagrovebs qristesgan gandgomilTa xmebs, rogorc es
safrangeTis revoluciis gamocdilebam gviCvena. veravin
------ 214 ------
winaswari cnebebi
daadebs xelmwifobriv `vetos~; sarwmunoebriv mdabal
gancxadebas ki arvin Seismens. maSasadame, rogorc ki
yvelgan antiqristes miswrafebebis xelSemwyobi wesrigi
damyardeba, isic maSin gamoCndeba. manamde ki icdis,
radgan Sekavebulia~.
netarxsenebuli marTali ioane kronStadteli werda:
`xelmwifeTa meSveobiT ufali miwier samefo sikeTeebs
icavs, gansakuTrebiT _ Tavisi eklesiisas: uRvTo moZRvrebebs, mwvaleblobebsa da ganxeTqilebebs misi dapyrobis saSualebas ar aZlevs, amitom qveynierebis udidesi borotmoqmedi _ antiqriste _ manam ar gamoCndeba
Cven Soris, sanam saxelmwifo xelisufleba uRmerToTa
uweso svlas da ugunur swavlebas akavebs. mociquli
ambobs, rom antiqriste qveyanaze manam ar gamoCndeba,
sanam xelmwifis xelisufleba iarsebebs: `rameTu saidumloY igi awve iqmnebis uSjuloebisaY, garna xolo,
romelsa-ese upyries aw, vidremde Sors ganvides, da
maSin gamoCndes uSjuloY igi, romeli-igi ufalman
aRPocos suliTa pirisa misisaYTa~ (2 Tesal. 2, 7, 8).
`gamoCinebadi igi TKssa mas Jamsa~ (2, 6) niSnavs,
rom antiqriste im dros ki ar gamoCndeba, roca mas moesurveba, aramed _ roca saRvTo gangebulebiT amisTvis
dadgenili Jami dadgeba. saRvTo gangeba mis momzadebasa
da misi moqmedebis Sedegebsac iTvaliswinebs. magram
amis mizezi is ki ar aris, rom, TiTqos, RmerTs adamianebisTvis boroteba surdes, aramed is, rom isini Tavad
daecemian im dromde sakuTari codvebiT. RmerTma es
Jami ukanasknel SesaZleblobamde gadaswia imis molodinSi, rom misi msaxurebis msurvelni kidev gamoCndebian.
xolo, roca es molodini Sewydeba, maSin igi Tavis
------ 215 ------

Semakavebel xels aiRebs, boroteba ganifineba da antiqristec gamoCndeba~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli).
`saidumloY igi awve iqmnebis uSjuloebisaY, garna xolo, romelsa-ese upyries aw, vidremde Sors
ganvides~ (2, 7), _ `RvTis msaxurebis saidumlos~ sawinaaRmdegod, romelic Ze RvTisas gankacebaSi mdgomareobs (1 tim. 3, 16). yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom ùrjuloebis saidumlos~ wmida mociquli satanis dafarul da cbier Zalisxmevas uwodebs,
romliTac igi cdilobs, adamianebSi Cveni RmrTeebrivi
gamomsyidvelis, ufali ieso qristes rwmena Searyios
da daCrdilos, da urjuloebis yovelgan gavrcelebiT
kacobrioba srul zneobriv garyvnilobamde miiyvanos.
jer kidev wminda mociquli da maxarebeli ioane RvTismetyveli ambobda: `viTarca-igi gasmies, viTarmed
antiqriste movals da awca antiqristeni mravalni
arian~ (1 ioan. 2, 18). wminda ioane aq ganarCevs àntiqristes~ da àntiqristeebs~. pirveli maTgani qristes
meored mosvlis win gamoCndeba, xolo àntiqristeni~,
rogorc misi winamorbedni, jer kidev mociqulTa droSi gamoCndnen da, ra Tqma unda, qristianobis arsebobis
yovel Jams kvlav da kvlav iCenen Tavs, _ rogorc antiqristianuli sulisa da mimarTulebis warmomadgenlebi. èseni arian yvela juris crumoZRvrebi, romelnic
mudamJam Cndebodnen, Cndebian da kvlav gamoCndebian
qristes eklesiaSi da mis gareT, romlebSic yovelTvis
erTgvarad antiqristes suli xorcieldeba~ (episkoposi
miqaeli, àpokalifsisis ganmarteba~, 1, 316). netari Teodorite wers: `vgoneb, mociqulma amiT warmoqmnili
mwvaleblobani aRniSna, imitom, rom eSmaki maTi sa------ 216 ------
winaswari cnebebi
SualebiT mravals ganaSorebs WeSmaritebisagan. xolo
ùrjuloebis saidumlo~ imitom uwoda, rom maTSi dafruladaa dagebuli urjuloebis maxe. amitomac uwoda
antiqristes mosvlas mociqulma `gamoCineba~. rameTu,
rasac mudam dafarulad akeTebda, maSin Riad da aSkarad gaakeTebs~. imaves ambobs wminda ioane damaskelic:
`mociquli urjuloebis saidumlos mwvalebelTa swavlebas da maT yalb dogmatebs uwodebs. rameTu isini
misi (antiqristes) winamorbedni arian, mas gzas usworeben da cdunebis Jams amzadeben~. ramden mwvalebels,
seqtants, crufilosofoss vxedavT amJamad, kanonieri
xelisuflebis avtoritets rom aryeven! kacTa Soris
maTi erToblivi ganmxrwneli moqmedebisgan Sedgeba
ùrjuloebis saidumlo~, romelmac is viTareba unda
moamzados, romelic antiqristes amqveynad Ria gamoCenas Seuwyobs xels. sityva: `Sors ganvides~, ar niSnavs:
`ganadgurdeba~, àRar iqneba~, aramed _ `ganerideba,
Tavis Semakavebel qmedebas Sewyvets~. àwca~, _ niSnavs,
rom ara mxolod mociqulTa droSi, aramed yovel Jams,
`dRiTi dRed~ (ebr. 3, 13). amiT mociquli yovel dros
aRniSnavs, vidremdis Seakavebs is, `romelsa-ese upyries aw~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli).
`da maSin gamoCndes uSjuloY igi, romeli-igi
ufalman aRPocos suliTa pirisa misisaYTa~ (2, 8) _
maSin, rodesac aRar iqneba `Semakavebeli~, gamoCndeba
urjulo antiqriste, rogorc mTeli msoflios meufe,
romelsac yvela Tayvans scems. sityvebiT: `romeli-igi
ufalman aRPocos suliTa pirisa misisaYTa~, mociquli
antiqristeze ufal ieso qristes gamarjvebis siswrafesa da siioles aRniSnavs. uflis erTi amosunTqvaa sak------ 217 ------

marisi, rom mTeli misi moCvenebiTad uZleveli Zala
sabolood ganqardes rogorc kvamli, rogorc dneba
cvili pirisagan cecxlisa. es jer kidev esaia winaswarmetyvelma ganWvrita, roca Tqva: `gamovides kuerTxi Zirisagan iesessa~, anu mesia qriste da `suliTa
bageTa mier moakudinos uTnoY~ (es. 11, 1, 4). amitom
gamocxadebaSi ufali ieso qriste, romelsac iq sityva
RvTisa ewodeba, misi pirisgan gamomavali basri maxviliT gamoixateba (gamocx. 19, 15-20).
`da ganaqarvos igi (ufalma antiqriste) gamoCinebiTa miT moslvisa misisaYTa~, ese igi, srulad ganadgurdeba aramxolod TviT antiqriste, aramed yvela misi
saqmec. rogorc sinaTle devnis sibneles, ise ufali
Tavisi mosvliT `cecxliTa alisaYTa~ (2 Tesal. 1, 8)
wamisyofaSi daasrulebs yovelgvar codvasa da urjuloebas. RvarZli ifqlisgan ganirCeva da axal casa da
miwaze gamefdeba da damkvidrdeba mxolod simarTle
da siwminde (2 pet. 3, 13).
me-9_me-12 muxlebSi antiqristes manqanebasa da imis
miniSnebas vpoulobT, Tu vis acdunebs igi. am sityvebiT mociquli gvaxvedrebs, rom antiqristes cdunebasa
da manqanebas mxolod is daaRwevs Tavs, vinc sarwmunoebaSi mtkiced idgeba. `romlisa-igi moslvaY ars
SewevniTa eSmakisaYTa, yovliTave ZaliTa da niSebiTa da saswaulebiTa tyuilisaYTa~ (2, 9), _ es niSnavs, rom antiqriste satanis ZaliT imoqmedebs. amis
Sesaxeb `gamocxadebaSic~ aris naTqvami: `misca mas
veSapman man Zali TKsi da saydari TKsi da PelmwifebaY didi~ (13, 2). antiqriste Seecdeba, ufalsa
da mociqulebs niSan-saswaulebis aRsrulebiT miemsgav------ 218 ------
winaswari cnebebi
sos, magram misi saswaulebi moCvenebiTi, crusaswaulebi
(fokusebi) iqneba. `gamocxadebaSi~ naTqvamia, rom ìqmn
saswaulTa didTa, da raYTa cecxli gardamoPdes
zeciT winaSe kacTa~, da `mieca mas suli micemad
xatsa mas mPecisasa, raYTa ityodis xati mPecisaY
mis da qmnas~ (13, 13, 15) da ase Semdeg. yovelive es mxolod adamianis saxilveli grZnobis motyuebaze iqneba
gaTvaliswinebuli.
`da yovliTave sacTuriTa sicruisaYTa da warwymedulTa maT Soris, rameTu vinaYTgan siyuaruli
igi WeSmaritebisaY ara Seiwynares, raYTamca cxondes
igini~ (2, 10), _ crusaswaulTa garda, ufro seriozul
adamianTa _ sxvadasxva dargis mecnierTa da xelovanTa
mosaxelTeblad, antiqriste gamoiyenebs moxiblvis xelovnebas Tavisi sityviT, fsedomecnieruli da momxiblveli samecniero TeoriebiT. antiqristes momxreebis
simravles mociquli uwodebs `warwymedulTa~. es is
adamianebia, romlebic antiqristes sulisani arian da
romlebmac `siyuaruli igi WeSmaritebisaY ara Seiwynares, raYTamca cxondes igini~, radgan maT gulSi
WeSmaritebis grZnoba ar aris. es adamianebi, _ episkopos
Teofanes gamoTqmiT, _ `gaxevebulni da gaqvavebulni
arian~. maT gulebTan axlos iqneba is, rasac antiqriste
ityvis, romelsac SeuZlia TiToeuli aseTi adamiani
Tavisi veragi sityvebiT da im moCvenebiTi sibrZniT
acdunos, romlis winaSec aseTi adamianebisTvis saRvTo
WeSmaritebis sibrZne Zalze ubralod da primitiulad
gamoCndeba. amasTan, antiqristes cbieri sityviT gamosvlebi garyvnili gulisTvis maamebeli iqneba, aseve _
TanamedroveTa garyvnili cxovrebis gammarTlebeli.
------ 219 ------
àmisaTKs mouvlinos maT RmerTman Semwe sacTurebisaY, raYTa hrwmenes maT tyuvilisaY~ (2, 11) _ es
saSineli zneobiTi xasiaTis sasjeli iqneba RmerTisgan.
ra Tqma unda, es sityvebi ara pirdapiri, aramed im mniSvnelobiT unda gavigoT, rom RmerTi aseTi adamianebis
dasasjelad dauSvebs, rom isini antiqristes tyuils
daemorCilebian. amgvaradve ganmartavs am adgils netari
Teofilaqte: `mouvlinos~ _ nacvlad: `dauSvebs mis
mosvlas~. naxe, Tavidan maT WeSmariteba uaryves, mere ki
miatova RmerTma isini da sicrue daeufla maT~.
`raYTa isajnen yovelni, romelTa ara hrwmena WeSmaritebisa mis, aramed saTno-eyvnes sicruesa Sina~
(2, 12). episkoposi Teofane ambobs: `dauSvebs RmerTi,
gacxaddeba am adamianTa boroti zneobriv-religiuri
ganwyoba da isini samsjavrosTvis momwifdebian. daisjebian sakuTari zneobrivi gaxrwnis gamo, ris Sedegadac
guli WeSmaritebis SegrZnebas kargavs da sicruisken
miiswrafvis, mxolod imitom, rom es sicrue kacobrivi
bunebis uxeS, qvena instiqtebs esalbuneba~.
Tavis ukanasknel, me-13_me-17 muxlebSi, mociquli
RmerTs madlobs mis mier sarwmunoebasTan miyvanili
Tesalonikelebis naTeli zneobriv-religiuri mdgomareobis gamo, xolo TviT Tesalonikelebs arwmunebs:
àmieriTgan, Zmano, mtkiced degiT da SeikrZaleT
moZRurebaY ese, romelica giswavies gina sityKTa,
gina wigniTa CueniTa~ _ es sityvebi friad mniSvnelovania, rameTu isini pirdapir amxels wminda gadmocemis
uarmyofel protestantebsa da seqtantebs. amis Sesaxeb
wminda ioane oqropiri ambobs: àqedan aSkaraa, rom mociqulebma morwmuneebs yovelive epistolaruli gziT
------ 220 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ki ar gadasces, aramed bevri ram wignebis gareSec amcnes; amasTan, erTic da meorec sarwmunoa. amitom Cven
saeklesio gadmocemac sarwmunod unda miviCnioT~. amave
sakiTxze episkoposi Teofane wers: `mociqulTa mier
zepirad gadmocemuli da maT mier dawesebuli bevri
ram SemdgomSi maTi memkvidreebis, eklesiis mwyemsTa,
nawerebSi Sevida, Tumca mravali ram, arc maT mier
dawerila da mxolod qristianTa gulebSi, an praqtikaSi _ cxovrebis wesSi, imarxeboda. zogi ram ganzrax ar iwereboda, rogorc, magaliTad, saidumloTa
aRsrulebis wesi, _ kirile ierusalimelis SeniSvniT, _
im urwmunoTagan dafarvis mizniT, romelnic Rirsni ar
arian amis Sesaxeb isminon an ikiTxon, vidre rwmenaSi
ar movlen. aqedan, TavisTavad Cans, Tu raoden usafuZvlod uaryofen mwvaleblebi im saeklesio moZRvrebasa
da wesebs, romelnic wminda werilSi ar aris Sesuli~.
mesame Tavi aRmzrdelobiT (zneobriv-gamosworebiT)
nawils Seicavs. pirveli 5 muxli erTgvari winasityvaobaa. masSi mociquli Tesalonikelebs sTxovs, rom misi
samqadageblo saqmianobis warmatebisaTvis ilocon, _
mociqulis garSemo myofi uweso da boroti adamianebis
xrikebis sawinaaRmdegod, romlebic, rogorc korinToSi, ise yvelgan, xels uSlidnen saxarebis gavrcelebas.
sakuTriv aRmzrdelobiTi nawili me-6 muxlidan iwyeba: `gamcneb Tquen, Zmano, saxeliTa uflisa Cuenisa
iesu qristesiTa ganSorebad Tquenda yovlisave misgan
Zmisa, romeli uwesod vidodis, da ara moZRurebisa
misebr, romeli iswava Cuengan~, _ aq warmodgenilia
qristianuli keTilwesierebis zogadi kanoni: qristianebi
yvela saqcielisas mociqulTa gadmocemiT unda xelmZRva------ 221 ------

nelobdnen da am gadmocemis uarmyofelebTan urTierToba ar unda iqonion. am sityvebSi konkretul movlenaze
miniSnebac SeiZleba davinaxoT, romelsac mociquli me-11
muxlSi amxels: `mesmis vieTTKsme, romelni iqcevian
Tquen Soris uwesod, araras iqman, aramed mimoiwulilven~. aseT pirTa samxileblad mociquls magaliTad
Tavisi Tavi mohyavs da Tesalonikelebs Seaxsenebs, rom
maTTan yofnisas àrcaRa cudad puri visganme vWameT,
aramed SromiTa da rudunebiTa Rame da dRe viqmodeT~ (mux. 8). imdenad wminda iyo mociqulis sindisi,
rom mas SeeZlo Tavisi Tavi, Tavisi saqcieli da cxovrebis wesi TesalonikelebisTvis nimuSad daesaxa. es imas ar
niSnavs, rom mociquli miiCnevda, TiTqos, mas ufleba ar
hqonda, rom TesalonikelTagan, romlebsac RvTis sityvas uqadagebda, aucilebeli sayofacxovrebo daxmareba
mieRo. TviT qriste macxovris mcnebis Tanaxmad: `Rirs
ars muSaki sasyidlisa TKsisa~ (luk. 10, 7). mas sruli
ufleba hqonda, rom aseTi Semweoba mieRo, magram im
delikaturi da mama-Sviluri grZnobebidan gamomdinare,
rasac wminda mociquli TesalonikelTa mimarT ganicdida, mas ar surda, rom isini raimeTi, Tundac mcirediT,
daetvirTa. an SesaZloa, icoda ra TesalonikelTa midrekileba biwierebisaken, saWirod CaTvala, rom sakuTari magaliTiT eCvenebina uangaroba da Sromismoyvareoba. amitomac eubneba maT: àraTu rameTu ara guaqus PelmwifebaY (moviTxovoT Tqvengan), aramed raYTa
Tavni TKsni saxed migcneT Tquen, raYTa mbaZvideT
Cuen~ (mux. 9). mocemul SemTxvevaSi, pavle mociquli eklesiis yvela mwyemsisTvis saukuno magaliTs iZleva, kerZod, rogori sifrTxiliTa da keTilgonierebiT unda mi------ 222 ------
winaswari cnebebi
udgnen samwysosgan Semowirulobis sakiTxs. aRsaniSnavia
amis Semdgomi sityvebi: `visme ara unebs saqmis, nuca
Wamn~. am gamoTqmas socialistebi da, ufro metad, komunistebi iyenebdnen sakuTr ideologiaSi; mas Tavisebur
ganmartebas aZlevdnen da im adamianebs arsebobis uflebas arTmevdnen, romlebic, maTi azriT, muqTaxorobdnen,
Tundac maT eSromaT, magram ara ise, rogorc maTgan iTxovdnen. sinamdvileSi ki aRniSnuli sityvebi gulisxmobs,
rom Sroma, rogorc saarsebo wyaro, yvelasTvis savaldebuloa, _ codviT dacemuli pirveli adamianebisaTvis
RvTis mier ganwesebuli sasjelis Tanaxmad (Sesaq. 3, 19).
Tumca Sroma SesaZloa, sxvadasxvagvari iyos: fizikuri,
gonebrivi an sulieri. mociqulis naTqvamis azri imaSi mdgomareobs, rom vinc uSromlad Wams, is sindisze
ZaladobiT Wams, codviT. mociquli qvelmoqmedebas ki
ar krZalavs, aramed surs, muqTaxorebis sindisi gaaRviZos. me-11_me-12 muxlebSi mociquli pirdapir amxels
aseT usaqmurebs. maT ùwesod mosiaruleT~ uwodebs da
Seagonebs, rom `myudroebiT Surebodin da TKssa pursa Wamden~. aq mcnebad gveZleva `Tavmdabali, ganmartoebiTi, Sromismoyvare cxovreba, sawinaaRmdegod uqmad
siarulisa da drois uazro mokvlisa~ (episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). dasasrul, pavle mociquli Seagonebs,
rom uwesoTagan Tavi Sors daiWiron maTi gonze moyvanisa da gamosworebis mizniT da gadascems maT misTvis
Cveul mokiTxvas, rogorc Tavisi epistoles namdvilobis
niSans, gansxvavebiT yalbisagan.
------ 223 ------
pirveli epistole timoTes mimarT

cnobebi wminda timoTes Sesaxeb. wminda timoTe
wminda pavle mociqulis usayvarlesi da dauRalavi
TanaSemwe iyo (rom. 16, 21). Tavis bevr epistoleSi
wminda pavle mas didad aqebs. igi mcire aziis lukaonis mxaris qalaq lustraSi daibada. cnobebs imis
Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gaxda wminda timoTe pavle mociqulis mowafe, Cven mociqulTa saqmeTa wignSi vxvdebiT.
qalaq lustras pavle mociquli Tavisi pirveli samociqulo mogzaurobisas ewvia. man iq, barnaba mociqulTan erTad, dabadebidan koWli gankurna da saswauliT gancvifrebulma warmarTebma is RvTaeba merkurad
miiCnies, barnaba ki _ zevsad da maTTvis msxverplis
Sewirvas apirebdnen. roca mociqulebma daarwmunes,
rom Tavad ki ar arian RmerTebi, aramed _ WeSmariti
RmerTis mier wargzavnilebi imisaTvis, rom adamianebi
cruswavlebas ganaridon da WeSmaritTan miiyvanon da
amasTanave, auxsnes, Tu raSi mdgomareobs es WeSmariti
sarwmunoeba, _ mravalma maTganma Zveli warmarTuli
sibilwe dauteva da qristes sarwmunoebisken moeqca.
gadmocemis Tanaxmad, moqceulTa ricxvSi iyvnen timoTes bebia ludia da deda _ evnika. savaraudod, isini
iudevelebi iyvnen da qristianobaze moqcevamdec cdilobdnen timoTesTvis WeSmariti RvTis SiSi CaenergaT
da misTvis ZvelaRTqmiseuli saRvTo rjuli eswavlebinaT, rac kargad Cans timoTes mimarT pavle mociqulis
sityvebidan: `rameTu siyrmiTgan saRmrToni wignni
icni, romelni SemZlebel arian ganbrZnobad Senda
------ 224 ------
winaswari cnebebi
cxorebisaTKs sarwmunoebiTa qriste iesuYsiTa~ (2

tim. 3, 15). TviT pavles sityvebidanac vxedavT, rom
keTilmorwmune dedakacis _ ludiasa da deda evnikasgan sarwmunoeba timoTesac gadaeca (2 tim. 1, 5; ix.
saqm. 14, 6-19). rodesac pavle mociquli Tavisi meore
samociqulo mogzaurobisas kvlav Cavida listraSi,
Zmebma iq da mezobel qalaq ikoniaSi mas timoTes sarwmunoeba da keTilmsaxureba daumowmes (saqm. 16, 1,
2). wminda pavlem masSi Tavisi momavali gulmodgine
TanamuSaki ganWvrita da TavisTan misi wayvana gadawyvita. ramdenadac timoTes mama winadaucveTeli elini
iyo, mociqulma pavlem, romelic Tavis wess misdevda,
raTa `yovelTa veqmen yovlad~ (1 korin. 9, 20-22), igi
listradan wasvlis win winadacviTa `huriaTa maTTKs,
romelni iyvnes maT adgilTa~ (saqm. 16, 3). es imitom
iyo aucilebeli, rom timoTes iudevelTa sazogadoebaSi
Tavisuflad emoqmeda, radgan imaT winadaucveTelebTan urTieToba ar surdaT da mis qadagebul sityvas
ar Seismendnen; arc sinagogaSi SeuSvebdnen, saidanac wminda pavle qristeze qadagebebs iwyebda xolme.
wminda timoTes Rvawlze gansakuTrebul monaTxrobs
mociqulTa saqmeTa wignSi ver vpoulobT, _ misi istoria pavle mociqulis samqadageblo Rvawlis istorias
erwymis. sadac pavle mociquli moRvaweobda, TiTqmis
yovelTvis iqve iyo timoTec, uSualod exmareboda mas
an mis davalebebs asrulebda sxvadasxva qalaqsa da axaldaarsebul eklesiebSi. wminda pavles zogierTi epistoles zedwarweridan Cans, rom wminda timoTe masTan
romSi imyofeboda misi pirveli patimrobis dros. amis
Semdeg, male pavle mociqulma timoTe efesos episko------ 225 ------

posad daadgina. Semdgom man orjer miswera timoTes,
arigebda da axal sapasuxismgeblo samwyemso saqmianobaSi miTiTebebs aZlevda. am epistoleTagan meore ukve
romSi Tavisi meore patimrobis dros dawera, mowameobriv sikvdilamde cota xniT adre. wminda timoTe mociquls romSi misive TxovniT ewvia, Semdeg efesoSi
dabrunda da iqaur eklesias mowameobriv sikvdilamde
marTavda. igi, agreTve, wminda mociqul ioane RvTismetyvelis xelmZRvanelobiTac moRvaweobda, romelic
im dros efesoSi cxovrobda da iqidan marTavda yvela
asieli moZRvris saqmianobas. kunZul patmosze wminda
ioanes gadasaxlebis periodSi mcire aziis yvela eklesiis xelmZRvaneloba mis nacvlad timoTem itvirTa.
epistoles daweris mizezi, dro da adgili. wminda timoTes pavle mociqulma episkoposad xelni daasxa
qalaq efesoSi, Tavisi meoTxe samociqulo mogzaurobisas. romSi weliwadze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi patimrobaSi yofnisas pavle mociquls suliT da guliT
surda sulier SvilTa naxva mis mier daarsebul saqristiano TemebSi (filip. 2, 19, 23-24). amitom gaTavisuflebis Semdeg man garkveuli droiT gadado espaneTSi
gamgzavreba da nacvlad amisa mcire aziaSi gaemgzavra, ris Sesaxebac cnobas vpoulobT timoTes mimarT
meore epistoles me-4 Tavis me-13_me-20 muxlebSi. aq
man 65 wels mavne gnostikuri mwvaleblobebis gamoCena
daafiqsira, romelsac avrcelebdnen `mgelni mZimeni,
romelni ara eridebodian samwysosa~, romelTa Sesaxebac jer kidev efesos xucesebTan damSvidobebisas
winaswarmetyvelebda (saqm. 20, 20-30), mis Tanmxleb
------ 226 ------
winaswari cnebebi
timoTes efesoSi darCena sTxova da daavala, rom mtkice Segoneba mieca zogierTebisTvis, raTa maT ucxo
ram ar eswavlebinaT da zRaprebiT ar gatacebuliyvnen. surda ra timoTes ufro mWidro dakavSireba
efesosTan, romlis moqcevac `warmarTTa didi mociqulis~ samwliani Tavdauzogavi Sromis Sedegi iyo (saqm.
19, 1-10), pavle mociqulma igi efesos episkoposad
daadgina, _ miuxedavad misi SedarebiT axalgazrduli
asakisa (30-35 weli); TviTon ki makedoniaSi gaemgzavra,
saiTac dauokeblad miiswrafvoda misi mamobrivi guli.
makedoniaSi yofnisas mociqulamde miaRwia xmebma, rom
efesoSi cruswavleba gaZlierebuliyo. wminda timoTe
TiTqmis arasdros Sordeboda pavle mociquls, xolo
Tu droebiT sadme misi davalebiT midioda, yovelTvis
mociqulis uaRresi meTvalyureobiTa da xelmZRvanelobiT moqmedebda. axla igi maRal wodebaze martod darCa, misdami mamobrivad ganmsWvalul pavle mociquls ki
ar SeiZleba ar daenaxa, Tu rogor uWirda mas efesos
samwysos dacva masSi SeWrili `mtacebeli mglebisgan~.
amitom daaCqara misi Sewevna epistoleTi, romelic mas,
savaraudod, makedoniidan _ filipedan gaugzavna. am
varaudis sababs gvaZlevs is, rom wminda pavle filipeSi Casvlas gegmavda, sadac darCenis mizezic hqonda.
epistoles daweris dro aris periodi pirvel da meore
patimrobas Soris, anu pavle mociqulis meoTxe mogzaurobisas, _ 63-64 wlebSi.
epistoles daweris mizani. epistoles daweris mizani TviT pavle mociqulis sityvidan Cans: àmas mivswer
Senda da vesav adre moslvasa Cemsa; xolo ukueTu
------ 227 ------
vyovno, raYTa uwyodi, viTar-igi jer-ars saxlsa

Sina RvTisasa slvaY, romel ars eklesiaY RvTisa cxovelisaY, sueti da simtkice WeSmaritebisaY~ (1 tim.
3, 14, 15). roca timoTes efesoSi tovebda, wminda pavlem,
ra Tqma unda, bevri darigeba dautova, magram SesaZloa,
bevri saWiro ram uTqmeli darCa udroobiT, amitom, imis
SiSiT, rom timoTe vinmes misi siWabukis gamo ar ugulebeleyo (1 tim. 4, 12), igi mas samwyemso saqmianobis mTel
saxelmZRvanelos ugzavnis: `raYTa hsagrobde mas Sina
keTilsa mas sagrobasa~ (1 tim. 1, 18).
epistoles Sinaarsi da dayofa. timoTes mimarT
pavle mociqulis pirveli epistole eqvs Tavs Seicavs.
misi Sinaarsi, Tavisi SemcvelobiT, Semdeg nawilebad
iyofa:
1) darigebani timoTes, rogorc sarwmunoebis damcvels (pirveli Tavi);
2) darigebani mas, rogorc eklesiis winamZRols:
a) saeklesio SekrebebTan dakavSirebiT (me-2 Tavi);
b) dasSi amosarCev pirebTan dakavSirebiT (3, 1-13).
3) saerTo darigebani maRali samwyemsmTavro msaxurebis saTanadod gavlisaTvis:
a) qristianuli swavlebis ZiriTad WeSmaritebaTa
Sesaxeb (3, 14-16);
b) mwyemsmTavruli moZRvrobis wesebi sityviT da cxovrebiT (4, 1-16).
4) darigebani samwysos ganswavlisa da xelmZRvane
lobisaTvis, sxvadasxvagvari mdgomareobis pirobebSi
(5-6, 19);
5) daskvniTi Segoneba piradad timoTes (6, 20, 21).
------ 228 ------
winaswari cnebebi
epistoles egzegetikuri garCeva. epistole Cveuli
zedwarweriT iwyeba: `pavle, mociquli iesu qristesi, brZanebiTa RvTisa da macxovrisa CuenisaYTa, da
uflisa iesu qristes sasoebisa CuenisaYTa~, _ aq
wminda pavle Tavis Tavs mociquls uwodebs, raTa sazeimod daamowmos imis avtoritetuloba, rasac timoTes,
sarwmunoebaSi Tavis WeSmarit Svils, swers, romelic
man sulierad Sva. am sityvebiT igi timoTes aqebs da
surs gamoTqvas, rom igi sarwmunoebiT misTvis igivea,
rac Svili _ mamisTvis.
pirveli Tavi Seicavs timoTes, _ rogorc sarwmunoebis damcvelis mimarT, _ Segonebebs. mociquli mas
aswavlis, rom Seagonos qristianebs ar dakavdnen iseTi
sakiTxebiT, romlebic davas iwvevs da uqmsityvaobamde
mivyavarT (mux. 3-7). man saRvTo rjulis mniSvneloba
unda ganmartos, romelic marTalTaTvis ki ara, urjuloTa (mcodvelTa) da daumorCileblebisaTvis aris
dadgenili da gaacxados, rom WeSmariti marTloba ieso
qristes rwmeniT miiRweva, romelic amqveynad codvilTa
gamosaxsnelad movida, romelTa Soris pirvelad, pavle
mociquli Tavis Tavs miiCnevs rogorc winaT qristes
sarwmunoebis mdevneli da maginebeli; axla ki codvilTa Sewyalebisa da gamarTlebis TvalsaCino nimuSs
warmoadgenda (mux. 8-17).
`romelTaY pirveli me var~ (mux. 15), _ amasTan
dakavSirebiT netari Teodorite wers, rom `rodesac
mociquli Tavis Tavs codvilTagan pirvels uwodebs,
simdablis zRvars gadadis~. àmiT mociquli yvela monanulisTvis namdvili magaliTia~ (episkoposi Teofane
dayudebuli). ai, ratom Sedis es sityvebi ziarebiswina
------ 229 ------

locvebSi. Tavisi ukiduresi codvilobis aseTi mdabali
Segneba TiToeuli WeSmariti qristianis ganmasxvavebeli
niSania. dasasrul, pavle mociquli RmerTs adidebs
(mux. 17); Seagonebs timoTes, rom sarwmunoebis sakiTxebisadmi gulgrili ar iyos, piriqiT _ sarwmunoebaSi
gamoiCinos moSurneoba da mxneoba, msgavsad axovani da
medgari meomrisa mterTa winaaRmdeg, da iqonios rwmena
da keTili goneba. `mwyemsebSic da damwysilebSic mTavari sarwmunoeba da keTilsindisierebaa~ (episkoposi
Teofane). rogorc sarwmunoebisa da keTilsindisierebis Ralatis SemaSfoTebel magaliTs, pavle mociquli
vimeneossa da aleqsandrosze muTiTebs `romelni-igi
mivscen eSmaksa, raYTa ganiswavlnen ara-gmobad~
(mux. 18-20). aq pavle mociquls es sasjeli pirvelad
ar gamouyenebia _ korinToSi msgavsadve dasaja sisxlis
aRmrevi (1 kor. 5, 5). wminda ioane oqropiris mosazrebiT, es sasjeli upirvelesad mdgomareobda mcodvelis morwmuneTa Temidan gankveTaSi, ris Semdegac is
ukve satanis xelmwifebaSi gadadioda. unda vivaraudoT, rom braleulni amis Sedegad garkveul xilul
sasjelsac iRebdnen: an avad xdebodnen, an gonebidan
gadadiodnen.
meore TavSi mocemuli Segonebebi timoTes miemarTeba
ukve rogorc eklesiis winamZRols. upirvelesad, es exeba saeklesio Sekrebis sakiTxs. mociquli aswavlis, rom
saeklesio Sekrebebze, pirvel yovlisa, unda aRvasrulebdeT `vedrebasa, locvasa, Tayuanis-cemasa da madlobasa yovelTa kacTaTKs, mefeTaTKs da yovelTa mTavarTa, raYTa mSKdobiT da myudroebiT vcxondebodiT
yovliTa RvTis msaxurebiTa da siwmidiTa~ (mux. 1, 2).
------ 230 ------
winaswari cnebebi
wminda ioane oqropiris TqmiT, `mRvdeli TiTqosda

mTeli samyaros saerTo mamaa, amitom mas marTebs, saTanadod izrunos yvelaze, msgavsad imisa, rogorc RmerTi
zrunavs yovelTa sasargeblod~. amitom mociquli mcnebad iZleva uklebliv yvelasTvis locvas, _ aramxolod
eklesiis wevrTaTvis, aramed `gareSeTaTvisac~, anu imaTTvisac, vinc eklesiis wevri ar aris. gansakuTrebiT
ki gvmarTebs mefeTa da saxelmwifo xelisufalTaTTvis
locva, raTa mTeli maTi saqmianoba maTi qveSevrdomebis
sasikeTod iyos mimarTuli, da aramxolod garegnuli,
aramed Sinagani sikeTisken _ `RvTis msaxurebiTa da
siwmidiTa~ (mux. 2), _ `rameTu ese ars keTil da
saTno winaSe macxovrisa Cuenisa RvTisa, romelsa
yovelTa kacTa hnebavs cxorebaY da mecnierebasa
WeSmaritebisasa moslvaY~ (mux. 3, 4). cxadia, rom es
unda iyos locva `yovelTa cxonebisaTvis~, amitom igi
saTnoa RmerTisTvis, romelsac TiToeuli adamianis cxoneba surs. am sityvebis dogmaturi mniSvneloba is
aris, rom amiT reformatorTa cruswavleba ukuigdeba,
romelic RmerTis upirobo winagangebulebas aswavlis,
kacTa nebisgan damoukideblad, TiTqosda, ratom unda
vilocoT imaTTvis, vinc winaswar aris saukuno warwymedisaTvis ganwiruli?
`rameTu erT ars RmerTi da erT ars Sua-mdgomel
RvTisa da kacTaY, kaci iesu qriste, romelman misca
Tavi TKsi saPsrad yovelTa~ (mux. 5, 6), _ es aris imis
dasamowmeblad naTqvami, rom uklebliv yvela adamiani aris sacxoneblad mowodebuli da amisTvis erTi
Suamdgomelia RvTis winaSe _ kaci ieso qriste, Tavisi gamomsyidvelobiTi msxverpliT. aq qristes mxolod
------ 231 ------

`kaci~ ewodeba imis gamo, rom xazi gaesvas imas, rom
igi Cvens Suamdgomlad Tavisi gankacebis gziT iqca
rogorc WeSmariti adamiani. am sityvebiT CvenTvis wmindanTa locviTi Suamdgomloba ar gamoiricxeba, rogorc
amis damtkicebas seqtantebi cdiloben. qriste aq erTi
Suamdgomelia im azriT, rom mxolod man gaiRo CvenTvis gamomsyidvelobiTi msxverpli jvarze, magram amiT
aranairad ar uqmdeba im adamianTa locviTi Suamdgomloba, vinc cxonebas miaRwia da visac surs, locviT
dagvexmaros imave miznis miRwevaSi. `sawamebelad JamTa TKsTa~ (mux. 6), _ mowmobs, rom gamomsyidveli mesiis
vnebis Sesaxeb jer kidev Zvel winaswarmetyvelebebSi
iyo naTqvami: `romlisaTKs dadginebul var me qadagad~ (mux. 7), ese igi, am mowmobis saqadageblad var
dadginebulio.
Semdeg, mociquli imis Sesaxeb saubrobs, Tu vin sad
da rogor unda aRasrulos saerTo locva saeklesio
SesakrebelSi. `mnebavs ukue locvaY mamaTaY yovelsa
adgilsa apyrobad wmidad PelTa TKnier risxvisa da
gulis zraxvisa~ (mux. 8), _ saeklesio RvTismsaxureba
mamakacebma _ eklesiis winamZRolebma unda aRasrulon,
dedakacebi ki arc RvTismsaxurebas asruleben da arc
samoZRvro sityviT gamodian samlocvelo SesakreblebSi. amis Sesaxeb wminda pavle pirdapir werda korinToelebs: `dedani Tquenni eklesiasa Sina dumned,... rameTu saZagel ars dedaTaY eklesiasa Sina zraxvad~ (1
korin. 14, 34, 35).
rogorc `mociqulTa saqmeTa~ wignidan Cans (14, 23),
pavle mociquli mis mier daarsebul yvela eklesiaSi
saeklesio dass adgenda da xucesTa xeldasxmebs aRas------ 232 ------
winaswari cnebebi
rulebda. 1 korin. 14, 10-Si igi mcnebad iZleva, rom
eklesiebSi yovelive keTilad da wesisamebr aResrulos.
amitom, ueWvelia, rom `mamebSi~ eklesiis winamZRvrebi
igulisxmebian. es locvebi, anu RvTismsaxureba SeiZleba
`yovel adgilas~ aResrulebodes da aramxolod ierusalimis taZarSi, rogorc Zvel aRTqmaSi iyo dawesebuli. ase axda samariteli dedakacisaTvis naTqvami
winaswarmetyveleba uflisa imis Taobaze, rom `movals Jami, odes arca amas mTasa, arca ierusalHms
Tayuanis-scemdeT mamasa~ (ioan. 4, 21). es niSnavs, rom
qristianuli RvTismsaxureba erT romelime konkretul
adgilas ar iqneba mijaWvuli, rogorc es malaqia winaswarmetyvelma ganWvrita: `yovelsa adgilsa sakumeveli
moerTumis saxelsa Cemsa da msPuerpli wmidaY~ (1,
1). Tu rogor unda aResrulebodes es locvebi anu
qristianuli RvTismsaxureba, amas gamoxatavs Semdegi
sityvebi: àpyrobad wmidad PelTa~, anu locviT xelaRpyrobas unda Seesabamebodes amaRlebuli sulieri
ganwyobac _ `wmidad PelTa~, anu biwierebiT SeubRalavi wminda sindisi da moyvasis winaaRmdeg borot
grZnobaTa da eWvTa gafantva _ `TKnier risxvisa da
gulis zraxvisa~.
Semdeg, mociquli dedakacebs arigebs, rogor unda
iqceodnen saeklesio SesakrebelSi: ègreTve dedaTaY
wesierebisa samkauliTa morcxuad da RirsebiT Semkobad TavTa TKsTa, ara ganTxzviTa, anu oqroYTa anu
margalitiTa anu samosliTa didfasisaYTa, aramed,
romeli-igi hSuenis dedaTa, romelTa aReTquas RvTis
msaxurebaY saqmeTa mier keTilTa (mux. 9, 10), _ es niSnavs, rom salocav SesakreblebSi dedakacebi unda mid------ 233 ------

iodnen ubralod Semosilni; fiqrobdnen ara garegnul
samkaulebze, aramed Sinagan keTil saqmeebze. `dedakaci
mdumriad iswavebdin yovliTa damorCilebiTa. moZRurebad dedaTa ara ubrZaneb, arca mTavrobad qmrisa, aramed raYTa iyos igi myudroebiT (mux. 11, 12),
_ aq dedakacebs ekrZalebaT eklesiaSi maswavlebloba,
ese igi, sazogado locviT SesakreblebSi swavlebis warmoTqma, rameTu aseTi maswavlebloba qmarze xelmwifobis
tolfasi iqneboda, maSin, roca RvTis sityva qals qmris
morCilebas uwesebs. Tumca, eklesiis gareT dedakacis
maswavlebloba ar uqmdeba. àse, priskila akvilasTan
erTad, jansaRi swavlebiT moZRvravda apoloss, _ ambobs netari Teodorite, _ amitom qals ar ekrZaleba
urwmuno qmris damoZRvra~; `xolo bavSvebis damoZRvra,
saerTod maT evalebaT~ (ekumenosi). is, rom dedakaci
mamakacs unda emorCilebodes da pirvelobaze pretenzia
ar hqondes, mociquls pirveladamianTa Seqmnidan da maTi
codviTdacemisgan gamohyavs: Semoqmedma pirvelad adami
Seqmna da mere eva, xolo pirvelad adamma ki ar scoda,
aramed _ evam, misma colma. jer kidev Sesaqmis wignSia
naTqvami (2, 18, 20, 22), rom qali mamakacis damxmared
aris Seqmnili, xolo TanaSemwe, TavisTavad, meorexarisxovan mdgomareobas ikavebs im piris Semdgom, romlis
TanaSemwedac igi dadgenilia. iqidan, rom dedakacma
pirvelma Sescoda, mociquli askvnis, rom is codvisken
Zlier midrekilia da, Sesabamisad, mmarTvelobis unari
ar gaaCnia. ra Tqma unda, aq mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT,
rom mociquli aq calkeul qalebsa da kacebs ki ar
gulisxmobs, romelTa Soris SeiZleba gamonaklisi iyos,
aramed, zogadad qalis da kacis sqess.
------ 234 ------
winaswari cnebebi
àramed cxondebis SvilTa sxmisagan, ukueTu

egnen sarwmunoebiT da siyuaruliT da siwmidiT
Rirsebasa zeda~ (mux.15), _ cxadia, aq saubari imaze
ar aris, rom TviT SvilTa sxmis fizikuri procesi
qals cxonebaSi Seeweva, aramed imaze, rom qalis cxoneba da Sesabamisad, misi cxovrebiseuli mowodeba _
dedobaSi da Svilebis aRzrdaSia. àmis gamo maT ara
mcire, aramed didi jildo moeliT _ ambobs wminda
ioane oqropiri, _ Tuki, ra Tqma unda, maT qristes mxedrebi aRzardes~. netari Teofilaqtes sityvebiT: àra
mxolod Soba, aramed aRzrdaa mTavari, _ swored es
aris WeSmariti SvilTa sxma, sxvagvarad SvilTa sxma ki
ara, SvilTa xrwnaa~. amrigad, dedakaci cxondeba, Tuki
SvilTa sxmiT qristes sameufeos gavrcelebas da ganmtkicebas Seuwyobs xels da qristes WeSmarit Svilebsa
da mxedrebs aRuzrdis.
mesame Tavi im pirTa Sesaxeb saubrobs, vinc dasSi
irCevian. ukanaskneli muxlebi ki qristianuli sarwmunoebis ZiriTad WeSmaritebebs gadmoscems. ùkueTu visme
episkoposobis undes~, _ aq èpiskoposobaSi~ xucesobac igulisxmeba, _ `keTilisa saqmesa guli etyKs.
jer-ars episkoposisaY, raYTa ubralo iyos, erTis
colis qmar, frTxil, wmida, Semkul, stumarT moyuare, swavlul~. am adgilis ganmartebisas yuradReba
unda mivapyroT imas, rom im moTxovnebis Camoyalibebis
Semdeg, rasac episkoposi unda akmayofilebdes, mociquli maSinve `diakvnebze~ gadadis da mRvdlobis meore
xarisxze _ xucesebze arafers ambobs.
Cven ukve vnaxeT, rom mociqulTa dros mRvdlobis am ori umaRlesi xarisxis mkacri gamijvna jer
------ 235 ------

ar arsebobda, amitomac èpiskoposebi~, anu `mcvelebi~,
samwysos `dacvis~ Tanamdebobis mixedviT, xucesebsac
ewodebodaT (saqm. 20, 17-28; filip. 1, 1). kiTxvaze,
Tu episkoposobaSi ras gulisxmobs mociquli, netari
Teodorite ase pasuxobs: `maSin erTsa da imave pirebs
uwodebdnen xucesebsac da episkoposebsac..., magram
aSkaraa, rom episkoposebs pirvelebs avaliaT am kanonebis dacva, rogorc ufro didi ptivis mqoneT~.
ratom surs keTili saqme episkoposobis msurvels?
aq, ra Tqma unda, xarisxTan dakavSirebuli pativisadmi
swrafva ar igulisxmeba, aramed eklesiis msaxurebis moSurne survili axlobelTa sakeTildReod, maTi cxonebisaTvis Sroma. rac Seexeba moTxovnas episkoposisTvis,
rom mxolod erTi coli hyavdes, es moTxovna imas ki ar
niSnavs, rom episkoposobis kandidats èrTdroulad ori
coli ar hyavdes, rameTu es yvela qristians ekrZaleba,
aramed, erTxel iyos daqorwinebuli. xolo, vinc meored
aris daqorwinebuli, episkoposad ar unda daadginon~
(episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli). qristianuli eklesia, marTalia, ZvelTaganve iZleoda meored qorwinebis
uflebas, magaram mis mimarT arasdros yofila keTilganwyobili da meored qorwinebas yovelTvis patiosan
qvrivobas amjobinebda. amasTan dakavSirebiT ambrosiaste wers: `TumcaRa meored qorwineba akrZaluli ar
aris, magram episkoposobis Rirsma pirma imisganac unda
Seikavos Tavi, rac sxvebisTvis nebadarTulia, _ misi
xarisxis simaRlis gamo. misi msurveli yvela danarCenze
maRla unda idges~. netari Teofilaqte amatebs: `roca
amas ambobs, mociquli ar akanonebs, rom episkoposi
aucileblad daqorwinebuli unda iyos. rogor unda
------ 236 ------
winaswari cnebebi
daekanonebina es amis mTqmels: `mnebavs yovlisa kacisa
yofad, viTarca Tavi Cemi~ (1 korin. 7, 7)? amJamad es
samociqulo kanoni ise sruldeba, rom erT qorwinebaSi myofni mxolod xucesebad daiSvebian, episkoposebad
ki SeiZleba dadgindnen uqorwinebeli qalwulebi an
pirveli qorwinebis Semdeg daqvrivebulni. qristianobis
pirvel saukuneebSi ucoloba episkoposebisTvis upirobod aucilebeli ar iyo, imitom rom im perodSi moqceul iudevelTa da warmarTTa Soris Znelad sapovneli
iyo iseTi kaci, vinc mkacr qalwulebriv cxovrebas
atarebda. ai, ras ambobs netari Teodorite: `warmarTebi qalwulebaSi ar iwvrTnebodnen, xolo iudevelebi
saerTod ar uSvebdnen amas, radgan nayofierebas RvTis
kurTxevad miiCnevdnen~. magram, roca qristes eklesia
gaizarda da gavrcelda, qalwulTa ricxvic gamravlda,
anu iseT pirTa, romelnic caTa sasufevlis miRwevisTvis qorwinebaze uars ambobdnen (maT. 19, 11, 12). maSin
daiwyes episkoposebis gamorCeva upiratesad qalwulTa
ricxvidan, rac sabolood VI msoflio saeklesio krebam
Tavisi me-12 kanoniT daakanona.
Semdegi moTxovna, romelic episkoposobis kandidats waredgineba, upirveles yovlisa, aris is, rom igi
keTilsindisieri TvisebebiT unda gamoirCeodes, rogorc
Sinaganad (iyos fxizeli, wminda, patiosani, ubiwo, stumarTmoyvare), ise garegnulad (ar iyos memTvrale, moCxubari, modave,... aramed iyos mSvidobismoyvare da, amasTan, moZRvris gonebrivi monacemebic hqondes); meore _
man eklesiis marTvis unari sakuTari saxlis warmatebuli marTviT unda daamtkicos; mesame _ qristianobaze
axalmoqceuli ar unda iyos, raTa Tavisi swrafi ama------ 237 ------

RlebiT ar gaampartavndes. kidev erTi mniSvnelovani
moTxovna: `raYTa wamebaYca keTili aqundes gareSeTgan~, ese igi, araqristianebSic ar unda hqondes upatiosno saxeli, raTa maT TvalSi eklesia ar SeibRalos,
rogorc zneobrivad uRirsebis ammaRlebeli (3, 1-7).
moTxovnebi, romelic diakvnobis kandidats waeyeneba,
Zalian hgavs im moTxovnebs, rasac mociquli episkoposobis kandidatebs uyenebs: `diakonni egreTve wmida, nu
orismetyuel, nu RKnosa friadsa morCil, nu saZagelis SemZinel~. diakonTa Tvisebebis CamoTvlisas mociquli arafers ambobs moZRvrobaze, Tumca amatebs,
rom maT unda hqondeT `saidumloY igi sarwmunoebisaY wmidiTa gonebiTa~, rac netari Teofilaqtes ganmartebiT, niSnavs: marTali dogmatis dacvasTan erTad,
mas ubiwo cxovrebac unda hqondes. rameTu sufTa sindisi mxolod ubiwo cxovrebis Tanamdevia~. mociquli,
agreTve, iTxovs, rom isini Tavdapirvelad gamoicadon,
maTgan keTilad msaxurni ki maRali xarisxis Rirsni gaxdnen. diakonTa Sesaxeb saubarSi, wminda mociquli ramdenime sityvas colebis Sesaxebac urTavs: `colni maTni
egreTve Rirsmca arian, nu masmenel, frTxil, morwmune yovelsa Sina~. zogi Tanamedrove ganmmartebeli
miiCnevs, rom aq ubralod diakvnebis colebzea saubari,
Tumca Zveli ganmmarteblebi (wminda ioane oqropiri, netari Teodorite, ekumenosi, netari Teofilaqte) werdnen, rom mociqulis es sityvebi diakonisebs (dedaTdiakvnebs) miemarTebaT, romlis institutic Zvel eklesiaSi
arsebobda da maTSi is Tvisebebia CamoTvlili, romlebiTac ubralod diakvnebis colebi ki ara, eklesiis msaxuri dedakacebi, anu diakonisebi unda gamoirCeodnen,
------ 238 ------
winaswari cnebebi
romelTa Sesaxebac jer kidev VI msoflio saeklesio
kreba Tavis me-14 kanonSi moixseniebs.
mesame Tavis boloSi ori umniSvnelovanesi dogmaturi WeSmaritebaa mocemuli: 1) èklesiaY RvTisa cxovelisaY, sueti da simtkice WeSmaritebisaY~ (mux.
15), _ rac niSnavs, rom `WeSmaritebaSi WeSmaritebis maswavleblis erTaderTi xelmZRvaneli wminda eklesiaa~
da 2) `did ars RvTis msaxurebisa saidumloY; RmerTi gamoCnda PorciTa~ (mux. 16), _ es aris pirveli da
mTavari WeSmariteba, romelic WeSmaritebis maswavlebelma unda iqadagos.
sityvebSi: èklesiaY RvTisa cxovelisaY, sueti da
simtkice WeSmaritebisaY~, mocemulia mniSvnelovani
swavleba eklesiis ucodvelobis (ucdomelobis) Sesaxeb,
rameTu eklesia mxolod qristes morwmune adamianTa
garegnuli xiluli krebuli ki ar aris, aramed masTan
erTad uxilavi sulic, erTsulovnebac, sarwmunoebac,
moZRvrebac, romelic maT erTmaneTTan da TiToeuli
maTganis TavTan _ ufal qristesTan akavSirebs, eklesiis wevri calkeuli pirebi SeiZleba scodavdnen, magram
mTeli eklesia, mTlianobaSi, arasodes Sescodavs da
WeSmaritebas ar ganudgeba. es WeSmariteba ki gamoxatulia eklesiis mier miRebul dogmatebSi, ucvlelad Senaxul mociqulTa da mamaTa gadmocemebSi, saidumloebebSi, RvTismsaxurebebSi da yovelive imaSi, rac eklesiis suls Seadgens da Zveli droidan gadmoecema Semdgom
da gviandel droebebs. eklesiis ucdomelobis Sesaxeb
es marTlmadidebluri swavleba romael-kaTolikeTa da
protestantTa mier damaxinjebulia. romael-kaTolikebi
eklesiis ucdomelobas erT pirs _ romis paps miaweren;
------ 239 ------

protestantebma ki, romlebmac eklesiis mier daculi
wminda werilis avtoritetis aRiareba ar moisurves,
saerTod uaryves eklesiis ucdomelobis Sesaxeb swavleba. amitom zemoT moyvanil wminda werilis teqsts isini
Semdegnairad ganmartaven: sityvebis _ èklesiaY RvTisa
cxovelisaY~-s Semdeg isini wertils svamen da, amdenad,
momdevno sityvebs _ `sueti da simtkice WeSmaritebisaY~ ukavSireben ara èklesiaY~-s~, aramed _ `did
ars RvTis msaxurebisa saidumloY~-s. amgvarad, mTel
am adgils aseTnairad kiTxuloben: `sveti da simtkice
WeSmaritebisa da RvTismsaxurebis udidesi saidumlo
is aris, rom RmerTi xorciT gamoCnda~. magram aseTi
wakiTxva berZnuli teqstisa da Zveli mamebis mier am
adgilis ganmartebis sawinaaRmdegoa. eklesiis yvela mama
sityvebs: `sveti da simtkice WeSmaritebisa~ _ eklesias
miakuTvnebdnen. àRsarebulad, did ars RvTis msaxurebisa saidumloY; RmerTi gamoCnda PorciTa da
ganmarTlda suliTa, eCuena angelozTa, iqadaga warmarTTa Soris, hrwmena sofelsa da amaRlda didebiTa~ (mux. 16), _ am sityvebiT wminda pavle Tavis mowafe
timoTes uCvenebs, Tu qristianuli sarwmunoebis romeli
WeSmariteba unda daudos saZirkvlad Tavis qadagebas.
episkoposi Teofane ambobs: àm WeSmaritebas wminda
eklesia Tavisive arsebobiT amcnebs da adasturebs, rameTu igia Senoba, romlis saZirkvelic ufali qristea (1
korin. 3, 11); igia sxeuli, romlis Tavic igivea _ ganxorcielebuli sityva RvTisa. rogorc cocxali sxeulis
mxedvelia darwmunebuli, rom am sxeuls Tavic aqvs da
rogorc mtkice Senobis mxedvelia darwmunebuli, rom
am Senobas saZirkvelic aqvs, aseve, eklesiis mxilvelic
------ 240 ------
winaswari cnebebi
darwmunebulia, rom ueWvelad `RmerTi gamoCnda xorciT~. wminda pavle Tavis mowafe timoTes sTavazobs,
rom yoveli moZRvreba am WeSmaritebiT gazomos da masTan araTanaxmieri uaryos, rogorc qristianobis sawinaaRmdego. `ganmarTlda suliTa~ _ niSnavs, rom ieso
qristeze davanebulma RvTis sulma (maT. 3, 16) daamowma, rom igi namdvilad ganxorcielebuli Ze RvTisaa:
amaze TvalnaTliv metyvelebs yvela is didi saqme, niSani
da saswauli, romelsac igi RvTis sulis ZaliT iqmoda
(maT. 12, 28) da is cxovelmyofeli swavleba, romelsac
igi aziarebda, _ iyo ra RvTis suliT cxebuli da misi
madliT aRvsili (luk. 9, 18; ioan. 7, 17).
èCuena angelozTa~ _ niSnavs, rom angelozebmac
Cven msgavsad ixiles Ze RvTisa, romlis xilvac adre
ar SeeZloT, radgan maTTvisac SeuZlebelia TviT RvTis bunebis xilva, rogorc is TavisTavad aris, aramed
mxolod am bunebis gamovlinebis xilva SeuZliaT. `hoi,
saidumlo, _ ambobs netari Teofilaqte, _ CvenTan erTad angelozebmac ixiles Ze RvTisa, romelic winaT ar
exilaT. saxareba ambobs: àngelozni movides da hmsaxurebdes mas~ (maT. 4, 11), da aramxolod aq, aramed
Sobidan amaRlebamde emsaxurebodnen mas. Sobisas angelozebi ugaloben da mis Sesaxeb mwyemsebs auwyeben
da amaRlebisasac emsaxurebian~. amaRlebisas ki angelozebma RmerTkaci mTeli misi zeciuri didebiT ixiles
(ebr. 1, 6; 1 pet. 3, 22).
ratom ewodeba `saidumloY~ xorcSesxmuli RmerTis
gamoCenas? imitom, rom igi kacobrivi gonebisTvis miuwvdomelia. didia saidumlo imiTac, rom xorciT gamoCenilma RmerTma ìqadaga warmarTTa Soris, hrwmena
------ 241 ------
sofelsa~, rameTu ganxorcielebuli da Semdeg jvarcmuli RmerTis Sesaxeb qadageba, ra Tqma unda, iudevelebs sacdurad, elinebs ki sigiJed unda mosCvenebodaT
da miuxedavad amisa, man mTeli msoflio daipyro da
Secvala. rac Seexeba `didebas~, romliTac gankacebuli RmerTi àmaRlda~, amis Sesaxeb episkoposi Teofane ase msjelobs: `TumcaRa, TviT _ àmaRlda~, ukve
yovladdidebulia, magram unda vivaraudoT, rom uflis amaRleba raRac gansakuTrebuli, kacTagan uxilavi
didebiT moxda, magram angelozebma ixiles da didebismetyvelebiT ugalobes~.
àseTia Cveni RvTismsaxurebis didi saidumlo, _ ambobs episkoposi Teofane, _ da masTan erTad ganxorcielebuli gangebulebis Zala, romelic mTel samyaroSia nauwyebi, aRsarebuli da sakvirvelmoqmedi. is eklesiis safuZvelia, romelic misTvis mindobili saidumlos ZaliT WeSmaritebis sveti da simtkicea. is yoveli
morwmunis cxonebis safuZvelia; morwmunes sunTqvaze
ufro xSirad sWirdeba misi gaxseneba~.
meoTxe TavSi wminda pavle mociquli timoTes saqmiT
da sityviT mwyemsmTavruli moZRvrebis kanonebs aZlevs
da momavalSi crumoZRvarTa _ qristianuli sarwmunoebisagan gandgomilTa gamoCenaze afrTxilebs. `xolo
suli wmidaY cxadad ityKs, rameTu ukuanaYsknelTa
JamTa gan-vinme-dgen sarwmunoebisagan da erCden igini sulTa maT macTurTa da moZRurebasa eSmakTasa~.
aq, ùkanasknel JamTa~-Si igulisxmeba ara ùkanaskneli
Jami~, am sityvis viwro mniSvnelobiT, romelic qveynis
aRsasrulsa da qristes meored mosvlis win dadgeba,
aramed ùkanaskneli Jami~ am sityvis farTo mniSvnelo------ 242 ------
winaswari cnebebi
biT, romliTac aqac da sxva adgilebSic kacobriobis arsebobis ukanaskneli epoqa igulisxmeba, _ epoqa,
romelic dedamiwaze qveynierebis macxovris mosvliTa
da mis mier kacTa modgmis gamomsyidvelobiTi saqmis
aRsrulebiT dadga (Sdr. 1 kor. 10, 11). am crumoZRvarTa Sesaxeb wminda pavle mociquli jer kidev
efesoel xucesebs afrTxilebda maTTan gamosaTxovari
saubrisas (saqm. 20, 29, 30). `moZRurebasa eSmakTa~-Si
yvela cru swavleba igulisxmeba, romelic WeSmariti
sarwmunoebis sulis sawinaaRmdegoa da eSakTagan warmoiqmneba (2 kor. 11, 13-15). magram efesoSi èSmakiseuli moZRvrebani~ am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiTac
iyo, ris Sesaxebac `saqme mociqulTa~-Sia moTxrobili
(19, 13-19).
am crumoZRvarTa garegnuli niSani TvalTmaqcoba
iqneba (òrguloba~) _ raRac gansakuTrebuli adamianebis saxis miReba, TiTqosda, isini yvela sibrZnes Caswvdnen da siwmindiT arian Semosilni. maTi damaxasiaTebeli
niSania _ `sakuTari sindisiT dawva~ (`Semwuarni TKsiTa gonebiTa~), anu iseTi mdgomareoba, TiTqos, maTi
sindisi damwvaria an TviTon arian sakuTari sindisiT
damwvarni. netari Teodorite wers: `sindisiT damwvarni mociqulma maT imitom uwoda, rom maTi ukiduresi
usindisoba eCvenebina, radgan damwvari adgili xevdeba da mgrZnobelobas kargavs~, isini ki marTlac iseT
zneobriv mdgomareobamde mividnen, rom TiTqos sindisi
aRar gaaCndaT an misi Segonebis mimarT yruni gaxdnen. aq gamoyenebulia berZnuli sityva, romelic `damRis amowvas~ niSnavs, rac mociqulis mier gamoyenebuli
gamoTqmis kidev erTi ganmartebis sababs iZleva. rogorc
------ 243 ------

axla cxovelebs daRaven, ise adre gaqceul monebsa da
damnaSaveebs mxrebze da Sublze gansakuTrebul ganmasxvavebel damRas adebdnen. aseve, es crumoZRvrebi TavianT sindisze uwminduri cxovrebis amomwvar damRebs
atareben (mux. 1, 2). Semdeg mociquli crumoZRvrebis
or damaxasaiTebel niSanze miuTiTebs, romelic yvelas aSkarad TvalSi xvdeboda: àyenebden qorwilsa
da ganaSorebden saWmelTa, romelni RmerTman dahbadna~, _ aq, ra Tqma unda, uqorwineblobisa da TavSekavebis Rvawlze ar aris saubari, aramed sxeulisa
da misi moTxovnilebebisadmi im gansakuTrebul damokidebulebaze, romelsac es mwvaleblebi qadagebdnen, da
romelTa Sesaxebac wminda pavle mociquli kolaselTa
mimarT epistoleSi wers (kolas. 2, 21-23). isini II
saukuneSi ayvavebuli gnosticizmis winamorbedni arian,
romelic sxeulze, _ rogorc adamianSi boroti sawyisis
adgilsamyofelze, _ dualistur Tvalsazriss qadagebda. am crumoZRvrebis gansakuTrebuli saSiSroeba imaSi
mdgomareobda, rom igi Ze RvTisas gankacebis Sesaxeb
dogmats Zirs uTxrida, radgan Tuki adamianis sxeuli
borotia da eSmakis mier aris Seqmnili, _ rogorc,
magaliTad, qorwinebis amkrZalavi enkratitebi da, xorcisa da Rvinis (rogorc, TiTqosda, satanis gamogonili
nivTierebis) miRebis ganmkicxavi maniqevelebi aswavlidnen, _ maSin Ze RvTisa namdvili kacobrivi xorciT ki
ara, mxolod moCvenebiTiT Seimoseboda da misi gamomsyidvelobiTi vnebis mTeli mniSvneloba Tavis Zalas
dakargavda (mux. 3). crumoZRvarTa sawinaaRmdegod,
mociquli ambobs, rom `yoveli dabadebuli RvTisaY
keTil ars, da araraY ars gansagdebel, madlobiT
------ 244 ------
winaswari cnebebi
miRebuli, rameTu ganwmidnebis sityKTa RvTisaYTa

da locviTa~, _ araferi TavisTavad uwminduri ar
aris: yvelaferi SeiZleba sakvebad iyos gamoyenebuli
da qristianma araferi unda SeizizRos an SeiZulos im
mizeziT, rom TiTqos is bilwia, rameTu RmerTis mier
Seqmnili yovelive aris `keTil friad~ (Sesaq. 1, 31);
RvTis saxelis moxmoba da Wamis win mis mimarT locva
yvelanair sakvebs wmends (mux. 4, 5).
àmas aswavebd ZmaTa~, _ ese igi, crumoZRvarTagan samwysos dacviT, _ ìyo keTilad msaxur qriste
iesuYsa~ (mux. 6), rameTu mwyemsoba saTaves iRebs mwyemsmTavar ufal ieso qristesgan. damaxasiaTebelia,
rom aq timoTes _ episkoposs _ `msaxuri~ (`diakonosi~) ewodeba. es axali magaliTia mociqulTa droindel eklesiaSi saxelwodebaTa ganurCeveli gamoyenebisa.
ìzardebodi sityKTa sarwmunoebisaYTa da keTiliTa moZRurebiTa, romelsaca Seudg~, _ aq naCvenebia keTili mwyemsis mniSvnelovani movaleoba: samwysos
swavlebisas TviTonac unda ganiswavlos wminda sarwmunoebis WeSmaritebebSi, sakuTar Tavs Seagonos da
zneobriv qristianul cxovrebaSi ganmtkicdes. wminda
ioane oqropiri ambobs: `mociqulis sityvis Zala aq
gamoxatulia sityvaSi _ ìzrdebodi~. aramxolod sxvebi daarige, aramed TviTonac imecadine RvTis sityis
SemecnebaSi. rogorc yoveldRiurad viRebT xorciel
sakvebs, msgavsadve unda miviRoT sarwmunoebis sityvac
da misiT mudmivad visazrdooT~.
`xolo SeginebulTa maT da dedaberebrTa zRaparTagan ijmen~ (mux. 7), _ SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom
mociquli aq `zRaprebs~ im crumoZRvrebaTa narevs
------ 245 ------

uwodebs, romelic iudevelTa mier Zveli aRTqmis cruganmartebisa da warmarTuli swavlebisgan Sedgeboda.
ìwuarTe Tavi Seni RvTis msaxurebasa, rameTu Porcieli wurTilebaY wuTerT Jam sargebel ars; xolo
RvTis msaxurebaY yovliTave sargebel ars~ (mux. 7,
8), _ aq saxezea xatovani Sedareba: sulier cxovrebaSic wvrTnaa saWiro. Tuki adamianebi amden drosa da
Sromas naklebad sasargeblo xorciel varjiSebze xarjaven, miT umetes unda gawvrTnan suli saRvTismsaxuro
RvawliT. àmisTvis vSromobT Cven yvelani, _ ambobs
mociquli, _ da Seuracxyofas viTmenT. yvela mwyemsmac
Tavis samwymsos es unda aswavlos~ (mux. 8-11). Semdeg,
wminda pavle mociquli timoTes saxiT yvela im mwyemss
Seagonebs, visac surs, rom maT yovelmxriv angariSi
gauwion, miuxedavad maTi siWabukisa.
`numca vin siWabukesa Sensa Seuracx-hyofn; aramed
saxe eqmen morwmuneTa maT sityKTa, slviTa, siyuaruliTa, suliTa, sarwmunoebiTa, siwmidiTa~ (mux.
12), _ aq saubaria moZRvris zogad valdebulebaze _
iyos Tavisi samwysosTvis yovelmxriv misabaZi magaliTi:
sityKTa _ ese igi, moZRvari unda iyos sanimuSo maswavlebeli da mqadagebeli; agreTve, imaze zrunavdes, rom
kerZo saubrebSi misi sityva yovelTvis damrigebluri,
keTilkrZaluli da Sesaferisi iyos. `slviTa~ _ adamianebTan urTierTobaSi TavdaWeris unari da cxovrebiseuli taqti hqondes; `siyuaruliTa~ _ yvelas mimarT
gulwrfeli mamobrivi siyvaruli iqonios; `suliTa~ _
morwmuneni unda xedavdnen da grZnobdnen, rom maTi
moZRvari sulieri adamiania da ara soflisagani da
gonebagafantuli; `sarwmunoebiTa~ _ moZRvari mar------ 246 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Tali da uryevi morwmunis magaliTs unda warmoadgendes; `siwmidiTa~ _ ese igi, siwmindiT da ubiwoebiT,
aramxolod garegnuli _ xorcieli siwmindiT, aramed _
Sinagani, gulismieri, azrobrivi siwmindiTac.
`vidremde movide, ekrZale sakiTxavsa, nugeSiniscemasa, moZRurebasa~ (mux. 13). wminda ioane oqropiri
am adgils Semdegnairad ganmartvas: `saRvTo werilis
kiTxviT dakavdi, nugeSi eci imaT, vinc amas saWiroebs,
yvelani damoZRvre~. aq igulisxmeba wminda werilis
Zveli aRTqmis wignebis kiTxva, rameTu axali aRTqmis
wignebi maSin jer kidev Sekrebili ar iyo da sayovelTao-savaldebulod ar gamoiyeneboda. mociqulTa drois
saeklesio SesakreblebSi RvTis sityvis kiTxvas Tan axlda winaswarmetyvelebaTa da winasaxeTa ganmarteba da
sxvadasxva darigeba. wminda pavle morwmuneTa swored
aseT ganswavlas da qadagebas urCevs timoTes, sanam TviTon miva da ufro dawvrilebiT daarigebs mis saepiskoposo movaleobebTan dakavSirebiT. `nu udeb-hyof,
romel-ege ars Sen Tana madli, romeli mogeca Sen
winawarmetyuelebiTa, dasxmiTa PelTa xucobisaTa~
(mux. 14). es adgili protestantTa da seqtantTa mcdar
azrovnebas amxels, romelnic RvTis mier saeklesio ierarqiis dawesebasa da mRvdlobis saidumlos uaryofen.
wminda pavle mociquli aq kategoriulad ambobs, rom
mRvdloba (`xucoba~) gansakuTrebuli saRvTo niWia (2
tim. 1, 6), romelic yvelaSi ki ar mkvidrobs, aramed
mxolod rCeul pirebSi da gansakuTrebuli simboluri
qmedebiT _ mRvdlad xeldasxmis gziT gadaecema (Sdr. 5,
22). `winaswarmetyvelebaSi~ unda vigulisxmoT an zegardamo miTiTeba, romlis Tanaxmadac timoTe episkoposad
------ 247 ------

iqna dadginebuli, an TviT wminda sityvebi, romelic
misi dadginebisas warmoiTqmeboda _ TviT forma ierarqiuli dadginebisa an locva, romliTac xeldasxma
aResruleboda. ratom aris aq saubari xucobaze, maSin,
roca cnobilia, rom episkoposebs (romeli xarisxic timoTes hqonda) jer kidev mociqulTa droidan akurTxebdnen episkoposebi da ara xucesebi? saqme is aris, rom
aq saubaria ara xucesebze, aramed, zogadad, samRvdelo
xarisxis mqone pirebze. Cven ukve viciT, rom mociqulTa
droSi jer kidev mkacrad gamijnuli ar iyo ierarqiuli xarisxebi da wodebani _ èpiskoposi~ da `xucesi~
xSirad erTmaneTis nacvlad gamoiyeneboda. garda amisa,
veranairad davuSvebT, rom episkoposad timoTes xelni
mRvdlebma daasxes, radgan 2 tim. 1, 6-dan cxadad Cans,
rom xelni TviT pavle mociqulma daasxa.
mexuTe Tavi Seicavs darigebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu
rogor unda vaswavloT da vuxelmZRvaneloT damwysilebs maTi sxvadasxva mdgomareobidan gamomdinare.
brZenma moZRvarma yvelas mimarT erTnairad da Tanabrad ki ar unda imoqmedos, aramed TiToeuls Tavisi
asakis, eklesiuri, sazogadoebrivi da garegnuli mdgomareobis Sesabamisad miudges. upirvelesad, wminda mociquli iZleva darigebas, rogor unda moiqces moZRvari ori radikalurad gansxvavebuli asakis adamianebis
_ moxucisa da Wabukis SemTxvevaSi. `moxucebulsa nu
hrisxav, aramed hlocevd viTarca mamasa~ (mux. 1), _
anu moeqeci rogorc sakuTar Semcodvel mamas. aseTive
unda iyos moZRvris damokidebuleba moxuc dedakacTan
mimarTebiTac _ rogorc dedebis mimarT. WabukTa mimarT ki megobrulni da alersianni unda viyoT, rogorc
------ 248 ------
winaswari cnebebi
sakuTari Zmebisa da debis mimarT. rameTu àlersiani
damokidebulebiT ufro swrafad mivaRwevT imas, rasac
xSirad ver aRwevs avtoritetuli Zalaufleba~ (ambrosiaste). aq mociquli xazs usvams mxolod qalTa
sqesis mimarT: `yovliTa siwmidiTa~, anu sruli ubiwoebis dacviT sityvasa da saqcielSi, raTa sxvebsac
cudi qcevebis eWvi ar aRvuZraT da sakuTari gulic
codviTi midrekilebebisgan davicvaT (mux. 1, 2). me-3_me16 muxlebSi mociquli qvriv qalTa Sesaxeb saubrobs.
`qurivTa pativ-ec, WeSmaritad qurivTa~ (mux. 3).
mociquli sityvas: `pativ-ec~, `daxmarebis~, saeklesio
mzrunvelobis qveS ayvanis azriT iyenebs. Sesabamisad, am
Segonebis Sinaarsi Semdegia: `saeklesio mzrunvelobis
qveS aiyvane kargi qcevis qvrivebi, vinc gulmowyalebasa da zrunvas imsaxureben~. Semdgomi, me-4 muxlis
azri ki is aris, rom qvrivebma, visac axlo naTesavebi hyavT, eklesia Tavisi SenaxviT ar unda datvirTon,
xolo Svilebma da SviliSvilebma dedebisa da bebiebis
mimarT pativiscema iswavlon, gamokvebon isini da keTilad moeqcnen (ekumenosi). Semdgomi, mexuTe muxlis
Segonebis azri is aris, rom saeklesio kmayofaze SeiZleba axalgazrda qvrivebic aiyvanon, Tuki keTilsindisieri cxovrebiT maT es daimsaxures, uari Tqves meored gaTxovebaze da RvTis Sewevnis sasoebiT wminda
cxovrebas ewevian. aseT keTilmsaxur qvrivebs wminda
mociquli me-6 muxlSi avxorcebs (`romeli-igi iSuebdes~) upirispirebs da ambobs, rom aseTni `cocxlivve
mkudar ars~, anu jer kidev cocxal sxeulSi codvebiT momkvdar suls atareben. mociquli mcnebas iZleva,
rom maT ubiwo cxovrebisken moqceva Seagonon (mux. 7),
------ 249 ------
`xolo ukueTu vinme TKsTa da ufroYsRa saxleulTa

ara moRuawe iyos, sarwmunoebaY uar-uyofies da ars
igi urwmunoYsa uZKres~ (mux. 8). unda vivaraudoT,
rom es mxileba imaT winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli, vinc
Tavisi moxuci naTesavis gamokvebaze ar zrunavs da
surs mis datoveba saeklesio kmayofaze.
Semdgom, me-9_me-16 muxlebSi mociquli saubrobs imis
Sesaxeb, rom saeklesio msaxurebaSi da eklesiis srul
kmayofaze miRebul unda iqnen samoci wlis da meti
xnis qvrivebi, romlebic erTi qmris colebi iyvnen da
keTili saqmeebiT arian cnobilni da ara axalgazrdebi,
romelnic sxvadasxva codvisTvis iolad mowyvladni arian. zogierTi ganmmartebeli miiCnevs, rom aq saubaria
dedaTdiakvnobis kandidatze, romelTac daaxloebiT
iseTive pirobebi waredginebaT, rogoric diakvnobis
kandidatebs. Tumca sxvebi miiCneven, rom aq ubralod im
qvrivebze grZeldeba saubari, vinc eklesiis zrunvas imsaxurebs. xolo, im qvrivebs, romelTac uWirT patiosan
qvrivobaSi cxovreba, mociquli meored daqorwinebas
urCevs, _ es gacilebiT umjobesia, vidre keTil gzas
gadascdnen, risi magaliTebic mociqulisTvis cnobili
iyo, rogorc es misive sityvebidan Cans: `rameTu awve
vinme gardaiqces Sedgomad eSmakisa~ (mux. 15), rac,
wminda ioane oqropiris azriT, niSnavs, rom imruSes. me16 muxlSi wminda mociquli kvlav imeorebs, rom morwmuneni Tavad unda zrunavdnen Tavis naTesav qvrivebze
da eklesia maTi SenaxviT ar unda datvirTon.
mexuTe Tavis me-2 nawilSi (mux. 17-25) mociquli
aswavlis timoTes, rogor unda iqceodes episkoposi
xucesebTan mimarTebiT. `romelni keTilad ZRodian
------ 250 ------
winaswari cnebebi
xucesni, oris nawilis pativis Rirs iyvned, ufroYs

xolo romelni Surebodian sityKTa da moZRurebiTa~ (mux. 17), _ aq `pativSi~, romlis Rirsnic unda
gaxdnen gulmodgine xucesebi, wminda ioane oqropiris
azriT igulisxmeba maTze zrunva, yovelive aucilebliT maTi uzrunvelyofa, rac momdevno, me-18 muxliT dasturdeba. `xucisaTKs Sesmenasa nu Tavs-ideb,
garna oriTa da samiTa mowamiTa~ (mux. 19), _ es imitom, rom xucesebi irCevian yvelaze Rirseul adamianTa
ricxvidan, amitom maT mimarT yoveli braldeba nakleb
sarwmunoa, da kidev imitom, rom Tavisi moRvaweobis
samoZRvro-mamxilebiTi da damrigeblobiTi xasiaTidan
gamomdinare, isini SesaZloa, ciliswamebisa da cru
braldebis msxverplni gaxdnen. ori an sami mowme, msgavs
SemTxvevaSi, Zveli aRTqmis mixedviTac savaldebulo
iyo (meore Sj. 19, 15). `da romelni-igi codviden,
winaSe yovelTasa amxile, raYTa sxuaTa maT eSinodis~ (mux. 20), _ aq imave xucesebzea saubari, romelTa
mimarT braldeba damtkicebuli iqneba. `magram, ufro
didi sacduri ar iqneba, roca maT yvelas winaSe amxileb?~_ kiTxvas svams wminda ioane oqropiri da Tavad
pasuxobs: _ `roca codvas gaigeben da sasjels ar ixilaven, maSin namdvilad cdundebian, rameTu imis gamo,
rom mcodvelni dausjelni darCebian, bevri TviTonac
codvisken gaiwevs, da piriqiT _ dasjis SemTxvevaSi,
mravali gamoswordeba. ase moiqca RmerTi: man faraoni yvelas winaSe gamoiyvana da dasaja; aseve, vxedavT,
rom yvelas Tvalwin daisaja nabuqodonosoric, agreTve
mravali sxva adamiani da qalaqi. Sesabamisad, mociquls
surs, rom yvelas hqondes episkoposis SiSi da mas sxvaTa
------ 251 ------

mTavrad ayenebs~. amis Semdeg mociquli imaze saubrobs,
Tu rogori sifrTxiliT unda gamoarCios episkoposma
samRvdelod gamzadebuli piri. `vwameb winaSe RvTisa
da uflisa iesu qristesa da rCeulTa angelozTasa, raYTa-ese daimarxo TKnier orgulebisa, nuraras
hyof TualT-RebiT. PelTa adre-adre nuvis daasxam~
(mux. 21, 22), _ zogierTi miiCnevs, rom 21-e muxlis sityvebi wina muxlis sityvebs, anu xucesebze samsjavros
ganekuTvneba, magram sxvebi miiCneven, rom igi xeldasxmis
Sesaxeb axaldawyebul saubars unda mivakuTvnoT: `xeldasxmac, ise rogorc samsjavro, miukerZoeblad, saqmis
saguldagulo ganxilviT unda aResrulos. saWiroa,
jer kargad gamovikvlioT xeldasasxmelis cxovreba da
amis Semdeg gamoviTxovoT misTvis suliwmidis madli~,
_ ambobs netari Teodorite. `nuca eziarebi sxKsa
codvaTa~, ese igi, `xeldasasxmelis codvebs, erisTvis
saidumloTa aRmsrulebelis xarisxSi uRirsis ayvaniT~
(ekumenosi). `Tavi Seni wmidad daimarxe~ _ saubris
mixedviT SeiZleba vivaraudoT: wmidad, _ xeldasasxmelis codvebTan ziarebisgan, magram sxvebi aq wminda
timoTesTvis micemul mcnebas xedaven _ daicvas sakuTari zneobrivi siwminde: `siwmindis gakveTils aZlevs,
siwmindis dacvas Seagonebs~ (ekumenosi da Teofilaqte).
`kavSiri wina muxlTan aseTi iqneba: imis gamokvlevisas, arian Tu ara sxvebi xeldasxmis Rirsni, ifrTxile, Tavad ar dakargo Rirseba~ (episkoposi Teofane).
Semdeg, wminda pavle ixsenebs timoTes sust janmrTelobas da TiTqosda siwmindis Sesaxeb mkacr gakveTils
abalansebso, mas urCevs: àramed RKnoYca mcired iPumie stomaqisaTKs~ (mux. 23). sityvis azri da kavSiri
------ 252 ------
winaswari cnebebi
aseTia: `roca moismen: `Tavi Seni wmidad daimarxe~,
ar ecado TavSekavebis ufro didi Rvawlis tvirTva.
es ar gaakeTo Seni janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo,
piriqiT, lmobiereba gWirdeba. amitom, amieridan ara mxolod wyali svi, aramed cota Rvinoc igeme~ (episkoposi
Teofane). 24-e_25-e muxlebSi imave sakiTxebze saubrisas
mociquls surs Tqvas, rom yvelas ara aqvs gamoaSkaravebuli codvebi, amitom saWiroa, rom samRvdelo kandidatTa cxovreba gansakuTrebuli gulmodginebiT iqnes
gamokvleuli, raTa gavigoT, rame iseTi dafaruli codvebisken xom ar arian midrekilni, romlebic SemdgomSi,
SesaZloa, aSkaradac gamovlindes. Sesabamisad, saTnoebebic zogierTs, SeiZleba, dafaruli hqondes, amitom
sasargebloa iseTi pirebis moZebna da xarisxSi ayvana,
romelnic wminda eklesias Rirseulad moemsaxurebian.
meeqvse Tavi mniSvnelovan darigebebs Seicavs. is socialuri uTanasworobis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovan cxovrebiseul sakiTxebs (romlebic esoden aRelvebT adamianebs)
qristianuli suliskveTebiT wyvets. am darigebaTa zogadi azri is aris, rom qristianobisTvis ucxoa Zaladobrivi sazogadoebrivi gadatrialebebi. Tanamedrove
eniT rom vTqvaT, qristianoba sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa gaumjobesebas aRwevs evoluciis gziT, _ WeSmariti qristianuli siyvarulis, Tanasworobisa da Zmobis
sawyisebze kacobriobis farTo masebis aRzrdiT. revoluciis gzas ki qristianoba uaryofs, rogorc borotebis, Zaladobisa da sisxlian gzas. amitomac ambobs
mociquli: `raodenni-igi arian uRelsa queSe monebisasa, TKsni igi ufalni yovlisave pativisa Rirsad
Sehracxned, raYTa ara saxeli RvTisaY da moZRurebaY
------ 253 ------
ese igmos~ (mux. 1). gansakuTrebiT yuradRebianni unda

iyvnen monebi `morwmune~ (qristiani) batonebis mimarT.
aravin miiCnios RvTis msaxureba Semosavlis wyarod
(`viTarmed sarewav ars RvTis msaxurebaY~). vinc sxvagvarad aswavlis da kamaTobs, igi `ganlaRebul ars,
araraY uwyis~ (mux. 3-5). im azridan gamomdinare, rom
sazogadoebrivi wyobiT ukmayofileba xSir SemTxvevaSi vercxlismoyvareobaze, angarebasa da mdidrebisadmi
Surzea dafuZnebuli, da Zmobis, Tanasworobisa da Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb saxarebiseuli WeSmaritebebis avtoritetiT mxolod iniRbeba, mociquli angarebisgan Tavis
dasacavad gvafrTxilebs da mogviwodebs, rom mcirediTac davkmayofildeT: `xolo maqundes Tu sazrdel
da safarvel PorcTa, amaT kma-viyofdeT Cuen~ (mux.
8). garegnuli materialuri sikeTeni ki saxifaToa, rameTu xSirad mraval codvasa da ubedurebaSi gvagdebs:
`Ziri ars yovelTa borotTaY vecxlis moyuarebaY~
(mux. 10). mociquli aswavlis timoTes, iyos uangarobisa
da upovarebis magaliTi da mdidrebs Seagonos, rom
isini Tavis simdidres ki ar unda esavdnen, aramed _
RmerTs. Ò timoTe, vedri igi daimarxe~ (anu rCevadarigeba). ase mTavrdeba epistole da amiT xazgasmiT
aRiniSneba eklesiis mier daculi wminda mociqulTa
gadmocemis mniSvneloba (mux. 20).
------ 254 ------
winaswari cnebebi
meore epistole timoTes mimarT

epistoles daweris mizezi. es epistole SeiZleba
ganvixiloT rogorc wminda pvle mociqulis sikvdiliswina anderZi Tavisi sayvareli mowafisa da TanaSemwis
_ timoTesadmi. `me aw esera Seviwirvi, _ wers wminda
pavle mociquli, _ da Jami igi miqcevisa CemisaY moiwia~ (2 tim. 4, 6). mwuxarebiT saubrobs wminda pavle
mociquli mis mier gancdil mZime martoobaze, radgan sxva mowafeebma an miatoves igi, rameTu Seiyuares
`sofeli ese~ (4, 10), an misi davalebiT sxvadasxva
adgilze iyvnen wargzavnilni. mociquli timoTes Txovs, swrafad Cavides masTan da Tan markozi gaiyolos
(4, 9, 11), agreTve, zogierTi nivTi miutanos: `feloni,
romel dauteve troadas karposs Tana, mo-raY-xKdodi, moiRe da wignebica igi, ufroYsRa wignis tyavebi~ (4, 13). amgvarad, am epistoles daweris mizezi iyo
wminda pavle mociqulis survili, rom winaTgrZnobda
ra moaxloebul aRsasruls, sikvdilis win Tavisi uerTgulesi mowafeni enaxa da maTTvis Tavisi ukanaskneli
darigeba da anderZi gadaeca.
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. am epistoles
daweris dro da adgili TviT epistoles Sinaarsidan
SegviZlia gavarkvioT. masSi wminda mociquli wers:
`nu ukue grcxuenin wamebaY igi uflisa CuenisaY,
nuca me, kruli ese misi, aramed Tana-iWirvode
saxarebasa mas ZaliTa RvTisaYTa~ (1, 8); agreTve:
`msgavsad saxarebisa mis Cemisa, romelsa Sina ZKrs
------ 255 ------
vixilav vidre krulebadmde, viTarca ZKris-moqmedi; aramed sityuaY igi RvTisaY ara Sekrul ars~
(2, 9). amdenad, cxadia, rom es epistole wminda mociqulis mier patimrobaSia dawerili. Cans, agreTve,
rom es romauli patimroba iyo, rameTu aqebs ra onisifores, romelsac misi patimrobisa ar rcxvenoda,
mociquli ambobs, rom igi `movida hromed da moswrafed meZiebda me da mpova~ (1, 16, 17). ueWvelia,
es meore patimroba iyo, rameTu pirveli patimrobisas
wminda pavle SedarebiT meti TavisuflebiT sargeblobda _ qadagebda, mcire aziis eklesiebs Tavis Sesaxeb cnobebs awvdida (saqm. 28, 30, 31; efes. 6, 19,
20; kolas. 4, 8) da aramcTu sasikvdilo ganaCens ar
eloda, aramed piriqiT, Tavisi swrafi gaTavisuflebis
imedic ki hqonda (filip. 2, 24) da kolaseSi filimonTan sacxovriss imzadebda (filim. Tav. 22). misi
axlandeli patimroba ki sul sxva xasiaTs atarebda:
igi borotmoqmediviT iyo gamomwyvdeuli (2, 9). mis
qadagebas didi winaaRmdegoba xvdeboda (4, 17). mitovebuli iyo yvelasgan (4, 16) da axlo momavalSi
Zaladobriv sikvdils winaTgrZnobda (4, 6). aseT mZime
mdgomareobaSi myofi, magram nugeScemuli wminda mociquli ambobs: `mimelis me simarTlisa igi gKrgKni,
romeli momces me ufalman mas dResa Sina, marTalman man msajulman~ (4, 8). amis gaTvaliswinebiT,
rogorc Zveli, ise axali ganmmarteblebi timoTes mimarT am meore epistoles wminda pavles bolo epistoled miiCneven, romelic romSi daiwera mis mowameobriv sikvdilamde cota xniT adre _ 66 wlis bolos
an 67 wlis dasawyisSi.
------ 256 ------
winaswari cnebebi
epistoles daweris mizani. roca wminda pavle
romSi Tavis mowafe timoTes iwvevda, igi darwmunebuli ar iyo, rom masTan Sexvedramde icocxlebda. amasTan, mas Zalze awuxebda is mravalricxovani
siZneleebi, romelTa gadatanac wminda timoTes efesoSi Tavisi samwyemso saqmianobisas uwevda. iq gamravlda xalxi, vinc saxarebiseul WeSmaritebas ewinaaRmdegeboda qedmaRal mogvTa msgavsad, romelnic
moses ewinaaRmdegebodnen, visac àqundes xati RvTis
msaxurebisaY da Zalsa missa uar-hyofden... romelni Sevlenan saxlebsa da gamostyuenven dedaTa~
(3, 5, 6). wminda mociquli timoTesTvis ufro did
siZneleebsac moeloda da winaswarmetyvelebda, rom
ùkeTurni kacni da grZneulni warematebodian uZKresisa mimarT, acTunebden da scTebodian~ (3, 13),
da rom ìyos Jami, odes sicocxlisa amas moZRurobasa ara Tavs-idebden, aramed gulis Tqumisaebr
Tavisa TKsisa Seikrebden moZRuarTa qaviliTa yurTaYTa; da WeSmaritebisagan sasmenelni TKsni garemiiqcinen da zRaprebasa mieqcen~ (4, 3, 4). yovelive
amis gamo pavle mociqulma, romelic Tavidan timoTes
mxolod pirad saWiroebaze werda, gadawyvita, rom
èpistolesTvis kidev daematebina rame keTili mwyemsobis Sesaxeb~ (episkoposi Teofane), xolo, ramdenadac es sagani yvela pirad Txovnaze aRmatebulia, mas
epistoleSi upiratesi mdgomareoba ukavia, mociqulis
Txovna ki, TiTqosda, damatebad iqca. amgvarad, epistoles mizania, rom wminda timoTe mis samwyemso msaxurebaSi Seusustebeli mRviZarebisa da simamacisaTvis
SemarTos.
------ 257 ------

epistoles Sinaarsi da dayofa. timoTes mimarT
wminda pavle mociqulis meore epistole oTx Tavs Seicavs da sam nawilad iyofa:
1) Sesavali, zedwarweriTa da misalmebiT da epistoles mTavari sagnis aRniSvniT (1, 1-6);
2) damrigeblobiTi nawili, romelSic wminda pavle
mociquli arigebs timoTes, Tu rogor unda ganvlos
man Tavisi samwyemso msaxureba (1, 7-4, 8);
3) bolosityvaoba, romelic wminda pavle mociqulis
pirad mizezebs gadmogvcems am epistoles dasawerad.
Cveuli zedwarweriT: `pavle, mociquli qriste iesuYsi nebiTa RvTisaYTa~. gamoTqvams ra Tavis Zlier siyvaruls sayvareli Svilis, timoTes, mimarT da ixseniebs
misi bebiis _ ludiasa da dedis _ evnikas Seuorgulebel sarwmunoebas, wminda pavle aqve Seaxsenebs timoTes,
rom igi unda ganacxovelebdes `mPurvaled madlsa mas
RvTisasa, romel ars Sen Tana dasxmiTa PelTa CemTaYTa~ (mux. 6). aq cxadad aris naTqvami, rom mRvdlobis
saidumloTi xeldasasxmels RvTis gansakuTrebuli niWi
gadaecema, amitomac didad cdebian protestantebi da
seqtantebi, romelnic mRvdlobis saidumlos uaryofen
da amiT sakuTar Tavs madlmosil kanonier mwyemsobas
akleben, romelic saTaves wminda mociqulTagan iRebs.
es madlmosili niWi moZRvarma sxva ramiT ki ara, mwyemsuri moSurneobis cecxliT unda aRanTos, anu samwyemso
msaxurebis keTilsindisieri aRsrulebiT.
damrigeblobiTi nawilis pirveli ganyofilebis
pirvel TavSi wminda pale im nayofze miuTiTebs, romli------ 258 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Tac timoTeSi mis mier mociqulis xeldasxmiT miRebuli
madlmosili niWis `ganmxurvaleba~ moxdeba. mociquli
timoTes Seagonebs, rom `nu ukue grcxuenin wameba
igi uflisa Cuenisa~ (mux. 8), _ anu misi jvris Sesaxeb
qadagebisa ki ar unda Sercxves, romelic iudevelTaTvis
sacduria, warmarTebisTvis ki _ sisulele, aramed, Tuki
saWiro iqneba, itanjos kidec qristes saxarebasTan erTad da aRfrTovandes qriste-macxovris mier aRsrulebuli Cveni cxonebis gangebulebis saqmiT da ixelmZRvanelos rogorc TviT pavle mociqulis, ise onisifores
magaliTiT, romelsac wminda pavle imitom aqebs, rom mas
pavles patimrobisa ar Sercxvenia, piriqiT _ romSi yofnisas mTeli gulmodginebiT eZeba da ipova, maSin, roca
is yvela asielma mowafem miatova (mux. 7-18).
meore Tavi samwyemso msaxurebis gavlisas sulis
simtkicisa da Tavdadebisaken ufro dawvrilebiT Segonebebs Seicavs. aq pavle mociquli samwyemso msaxurebas samxedro msaxurebasTan adarebs da timoTes
Seagonebs, rom ar SeuSindes im gansacdelebs, romlebic
SeiZleba mas Tavs daatydes, rogorc `qriste iesos
keTil moRvawes~. `da raY-igi gesma Cemgan mravliTa
mowamebiTa, ese Sehvedre morwmuneTa kacTa, romelni SemZlebel iyvnen sxuaTaca swavlad~ (mux. 2), ese
igi, is, rac Sen Cemgan ufal ieso qristesa da mis
mier aRsrulebul kacobriobis cxonebis saqmis Sesaxeb
mogismenia; rac miTqvams SenTvis SekrTomiT da yurSi
CurCuliT ki ara, aramed Riad da yvelas TandaswrebiT,
_ ar SemSinebia ra urwmunoTagan devnisa da mxilebisa,
_ zustad is gadaeci `morwmuneTa kacTa, romelni
SemZlebel iyvnen sxuaTaca swavlad~. am `morwmun------ 259 ------

eTa kacebSi~ rogorc Zveli, ise axali ganmmarteblebi episkoposebsa da xucesebs gulisxmoben. aq saubaria
imaze, rom wminda timoTem morwmuneTa Soris iseTi
pirebi SearCios, vinc episkoposad da xucesad xeldasxmis Rirsi iqneba, raTa gadasces maT RvTivgacxadebuli
swavlebis yvela WeSmariteba, gansakuTrebiT ki, _ zogierTi ganmmarteblis varaudiT, _ saeklesio saidumloTa aRsrulebis wesi, romlis gadacemac saidumlod
da zepirad xdeboda, _ rogorc amaSi wminda basili
didi gvarwmunebs, _ TumcaRa, uxucesi morwmuneebis
TandaswrebiT, raTa es wesi ufro sworad daecvaT. es
im episkoposebs da xucesebs exeba, visTvisac timoTes
xelni unda daesxa (fotiosi ekumenosTan; episkoposi
Teofane). Semdeg wminda pavle timoTes saxarebis gamo
tanjvaTa da gansacdelTa gadasatanad axovani mxedris,
asparezze morbenalis, miwaTmoqmedis da bolos TviT
ufal ieso qristes umaRlesi magaliTiT aRafrTovanebs,
romelmac didebaSi aRdgomis gziT Sesvlamde, bevri
itanja da jvarze mokvda kidec.
`Sen ukue Wiri daiTmine, viTarca keTilman moRuaweman qriste iesusman~, ese igi, mzad iyavi yovelgvari Sromisa da mwuxarebisaTvis qristes saxarebis
saqmeSi (mux. 3).
àravin moRuawe Seeyofvis soflisa saqmeTa, raYTa
erisTavsa mas saTno-eyos~ (mux. 4), _ am sityvebiT moZRvrisagan yovelgvar miwier saqmeTa uaryofa ar moiTxoveba, rameTu Tavad mociquli ambobs, rom moZRvari,
sxvaTa Soris, unda iyos `TKsisa saxlisa keTilad ganmgebel~, Tanac ise, rom aravis hqondes saTqmeli ùkueTu vinme TKsisa saxlisa gangebaY ara icis, viTar-me
------ 260 ------
winaswari cnebebi
eklesiaTa RvTisaTa moRuawebaY agos?~ (1 tim. 3, 4,

5). saeklesio kanonebi moZRvars mxolod im Tanamdebobebis da saero saqmeebiT dakavebas ukrZalavs, romelic
mas eklesiis Rirseuli msaxurebisagan moacdens.
`da ukueTu vinme iRuwidesca, ara gKrgKnosan
iqmnebis, ara Tu Sjulierad iRuawos~ (2, 5), _ aq mociquli moZRvrobis Rvawls jiriTSi Sejibrs adarebs.
rogorc jiriTSi moaspareze mxolod maSin iRebs jildos (gvirgvins), roca yvela wesis dacviT asparezobs,
aseve moZRvaric mxolod maSin iRebs RvTisgan jildos
Tavisi RvawlisTvis, roca sityva-RmerTis mier dadgenili yvela wesis Tanaxmad moRvaweobs. netari Teodorite wers: `TamaSebze asparezobasac Tavisi kanonebi aqvs
da vinc am kanonebs ar icavs, igi gvirgvins ver iRebs~.
`moZRvari unda moZRvrobdes ara ise, rogorc gamova,
aramed mkacri yuradRebiT da saqmis gonivruli warmarTviT unda SeaTavsos Tavisi moqmedebebi adgilTanac,
pirovnebasTanac, da Sinagan da garegan samoqalaqocxovrebiseul da sulier-madlian saqmeTa mimdinareobasTanac~ (episkoposi Teofane).
`mSromelisa mis queyanis moqmedisaY jer-ars pirvelad nayofisa moRebaY~ (mux. 6), _ es mesame magaliTia.
moZRvari (mwyemsi) aramxolod mxedarsa da moasparezes
gvagonebs, aramed miwaTmoqmedsac, romelic Sromobs da
surs, rom mis mier damuSavebuli miwidan nayofi miiRos.
aseve, bunebrivia, moZRvaric elodeba nayofs Tavisi moSurne samwyemso saqmianobidan. ìxilav aseT nayofs da
maTgan nugeSsa da sulier sixaruls igemeb, romelic
Sens suls Taflsa da goleulze tkbilad gamokvebavs~
(episkoposi Teofane). am nayofTa Sesaxeb azrma unda
------ 261 ------

aRafrTovanos moZRvari Tavisi samwyemso msaxurebis saTanadod gavlisaTvis, rogorc msgavsive azriT miwaTmoqmedi aRfrTovandeboda. Semdeg, mociquli timoTes
Seagonebs, rom mis mier moyvanil magaliTebs CauRrmavdes da mas qristes saxarebis gamo misi sakuTari tanjviT amxnevebs (2, 7-10). aseTive tanjvis gza gardauvlad moelis yovel keTil mwyemss, magram igi qristesTan
TanameufebiT dasruldeba: keTilma mwyemsma sakuTari
Tavi imiT unda Seagulianos, rom qristesTan erTad mis
didebas gaiziarebs (2, 11-13). mociquli urCevs timoTes
ar Caebas crumoZRvrebTan sityvier kamaTSi, rameTu
aseTi ram àrad saPmarad, gansadrekelad msmenelTa
maT~ (mux. 14). nacvlad amisa, moZRvarma yvelas Tavisi
cxovrebiT unda misces keTili magaliTi (2, 14-16).
mis mier mxilebul crumoZRvarTa Soris wminda
pavle ixsenebs `Kmenos da filitos, romelni-igi
WeSmaritebasa ganudges, ityKan, viTarmed: aRdgomaY awve iyoo~ (mux. 18). eseni, ueWvelia, rom gnosticizmis fuZemdeblebi iyvnen, romelnic sxeulTa aRdgomas uaryofdnen da mas mxolod sulieri SinaarsiT
moiazrebdnen: isini aswavlidnen, rom umecrebisa da
sicruis sibnelidan gamavali da WeSmaritebis naTelSi
Semavali suli datovebs ra biwierebas, axali cxovrebisTvis aRdgeba (2, 17, 18). wminda pavle SfoTisgan
gvafrTxilebs da ambobs, rom maT Tavisi crumoZRvrebiT eklesiis Seryeva ar ZaluZT: `xolo mtkice igi
safuZveli RvTisaY hgies da aqus beWedi ese: icnis
ufalman, romelni-igi arian misni da: ganeSoren
sicruisagan yoveli, romeli saxel-sdebdes saxelsa
uflisasa (mux. 19).
------ 262 ------
winaswari cnebebi
eklesiaze, rogorc RvTis saxlze, aris warwera, anu
beWedi, romelic ori nawilisgan Sedgeba. misi pirveli
nawilia: icnis ufalman, romelni-igi arian misni, _
rac niSnavs, rom isini, romlebic WeSmaritad RmerTs ekuTvnian, icis RmerTma da maTi rwmena ar Seiryeva, rameTu RvTis madlma imdenad gardaqmna mTeli maTi Sinagani samyaro,
rom isini WeSmaritebaSi Zlier ganmtkicdnen da aranairi
mwvalebluri SfoTis da manqanebis aRar eSiniaT. warweris
meore naxevari, romelic RvTis rCeulebze brwyinavs, aris:
`ganeSoren sicruisagan yoveli, romeli saxel-sdebdes
saxelsa uflisasa, _ rac niSnavs, rom RvTis aseTi rCeulni aramxolod bageebiT aRiareben RvTisadmi Tavis kuTvnilebas, aramed mTeli Tavisi cxovrebiseuli saqmeebiTac.
sxva sityvebiT, aq miTiTebulia WeSmariti qristianuli cxovrebis ori mxare: sarwmunoeba da cxovreba sarwmunoebis
mixedviT, anu keTilmsaxureba (RvTismsaxureba).
`saxlsa Sina didsa ara ars WurWeli oqroYsaY
xolo da vecxlisaY, aramed ZelisaYca da kecisaYca, romelnime patiosnad da romelnime upatiod~
(mux. 20), _ am gamoTqmis Sinaarsi Semdegia: rogorc
did saxlSia sxvadasxva WurWeli, sxvadasxva fasisa da
Rirebulebis, aseve arian qristes eklesiaSi sxvadasxva
wevrebi: srulyofilni da arasrulyofilni. Semdeg mociquli timoTes Seagonebs, rom iyos igi `Wur patiosan~ da `siWabukisa maT gulis TqumaTa~ eltvodes,
romelTa Sorisac ara mxolod siZvis ndoma, aramed,
saerTod, yvela Wabukuri vnebaTaRelva igulisxmeba, da
Seudges `simarTlesa, sarwmunoebasa, siyuarulsa,
mSKdobasa~; Seagonebs, rom ar idavos da simSvidiT
Seagonos sarwmunoebis mowinaaRmdegeT (2, 21-26).
------ 263 ------

mesame TavSi mociquli amqveynad borotebisa da
sibilwis saSinel gaZlierebas winaswarmetyvelebs.
`xolo ese uwyode, rameTu ukuanaYsknelTa dReTa
moiwinen Jamni borotni. da iyvnen kacni Tavis moyuare, vecxlis moyuare, laR, TavmoTne, ampartavan...~
da ase Semdeg (3, 1-5). Tumca es sityvebi msofliosa
da kacobriobis ukanasknel Jams exeba, magram rogorc
vnaxeT, ùkanasknel dRebSi~ SeiZleba, drois mTeli is
periodi vigulisxmoT, romelic qveynad qriste-macxovris mosvliTa da mis mier kacobriobis gamosyidvisaTvis aRsrulebuli saqmiT daiwyo. amitom yvelaze
metad, mociqulis es sityvebi imave crumaswavleblebs
miemarTebaT, romelTa Sesaxebac igi meore TavSic saubrobda. maTi damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tviseba is aris, rom
mxolod garegnulad iqnebian keTilmsaxurni, ese igi,
TvalTmaqcni iqnebian (mux. 5).
`rameTu amaTganni arian, romelni Sevlenan saxlebsa da gamostyuenven dedaTa, SekrebulTa codviTa, moipoveben gulis TqumaTa TKTo-saxeTa~ (mux.
6). seqtebis istoriidan cnobilia, rom seqtaTa beladebi Tavisi cruswavlebis gasavrceleblad cdilobdnen
TanagrZnobis mopovebas upirvelesad iseT qalebSi, romlebic gafantul saero cxovrebas eweodnen. aseTebi,
Tavisi araseriozulobis, gamZafrebuli grZnobebisa da
fantaziis gamo, ufro iolad endobodnen crumoZRvrebs
da emsaxurebodnen TavianT macdunebelTa vnebebis dakmayofilebas, male ki Tavadac iqceodnen maT xelSi
cdunebis iaraRad. netari ieronime amasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `svimon mogvma Tavisi seqta urcxv elenesTan
erTad daaarsa; nikoloz antioqielma, vnebaTmoyvare
------ 264 ------
winaswari cnebebi
kacma, qalTa mTeli brbo gaiyola; montanma fuliT
miizida priskila da maqsimila da acduna isini; ariozma Tavidan imperatoris da acduna, Semdeg ki mTeli
marTlmadidebluri samyaros cdunebas Seecada; donati
mxardaWeras lucilas fuliT iRebda da ase Semdeg~.
`da yovladve iswaveben da arasada mecnierebasa
WeSmaritebisasa SemZlebel arian mosvlad~ (mux. 7),
_ es imave crumoZRvrebzea saubari, romelnic cnobismoyvareobis gamo axali filosofiuri mimdinareobebis
literaturuli TxzulebebiT arian gatacebulni da
yvelaferSi raRac axals da modurs eZeben. WeSmaritebis Secnobis uunaroba maTi bunebrivi nakli ki ar aris,
aramed maTi nebis arasworad warmarTvis Sedegia.
`viTarca-igi iane da iambre uPdebodes moses,
egreTca eseni uPdebian WeSmaritebasa, kacni ganxrwnilni gonebiTa, gamoucdelni sarwmunoebiTa~ (mux.
8), _ iane da iambre moses mowinaaRmdege mogvebis saxelebia,
romlebic, rogorc Cans, wminda pavlesTvis iudauri gadmocemidan iyo cnobili, radgan wminda werilis wignebSi
maTze saubari arsadaa. amJamad am saxelebs Cven vxvdebiT
ionaTanis TargumSi da Talmudur wignebSi, magaliTad,
zogaris wignSi. efeso aseve ganTqmuli iyo mogvebiT, ris
gamoc es Sedareba saganTa mdgomareobas Seesabameboda.
am SedarebiT wminda pavle timoTes afrTxilebda, Tu
rogori winaaRmdegoba eloda mas crumoZRvarTa mxridan
da rogori simtkiciT unda ebrZola maTTan.
momdevno, me-9 muxlSi wminda mociquli amxnevebs
timoTes, rom es mogvebi àra warematnen ufroYs~:
`maT mier Tavsmoxveuli burusi gaifanteba da aCrdilebi gaqreba~ (episkoposi Teofane).
------ 265 ------

Semdeg pavle mociquli timoTes aqebs imis gamo, rom
igi yoveliveSi mis samqadageblo saqmianobas mihyva, romelic mwuxarebiT aris aRsavse da mas im azriT anugeSebs,
rom `yovelTave romelTa hnebavs RvTis msaxurebiT
cxorebaY qriste iesus mier, idevnen~ (mux. 10-12),
_ àdamianma, romelic borotebas ebrZvis, SeuZlebelia,
mwuxareba ar ganicados~ (episkoposi Teofane).
`xolo ukeTurni kacni da grZneulni warematebodian uZKresisa mimarT, acTunebden da scTebodian~
(mux. 13). wminda ioane oqropiri ambobs: àr SegaSfoTos iman, rom isini keTildReoben, Sen ki gansacdelebi
gxvdeba, rameTu isini mxolod Canan warmatebulad, sinamdvileSi ki sxvebs acduneben da TviTonac cdundebian. es damRupveli Tavis motyuebis mdgomareobaa. maT
TviT kacTa modgmis mteri exmareba~.
`xolo Sen daadger mas zeda, romelica giswavies da grwmena, uwyi, visgan giswavies~ (mux. 14),
_ timoTes pavle mociqulma aswavla; magram, ra Tqma
unda, pavle mociquli Tavis pirad avtoritets ki ar
gulisxmobs, aramed suliwmidis im madls, romelic mas
mis samociqulo SromebSi aSkarad xelmRvanelobda, urCevda da Seagonebda.
`rameTu siyrmiTgan saRmrToni wignni icni, romelni SemZlebel arian ganbrZnobad Senda cxorebisaTKs
sarwmunoebiTa qriste iesuYsiTa~ (mux. 15). meore
mizezi, ris gamoc timoTem mis mier miRebuli swavleba
unda daicvas, aris is, rom man, Tavisi iudeveli dedisa
da bebiis wyalobiT, bavSvobidanve icis Zveli aRTqmis
wignebi, romlebic kacobriobas mesiis misaRebad winaswarmetyvelebiTa da winasaxeebiT amzadebdnen. Semdeg,
------ 266 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mociquli wminda werilis mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs
TiToeulisTvis da miT ufro _ sulieri moZRvrebis,
eklesiis mwyemsebisTvis. `yoveli wigni RvTiv sulieri
da sargebeli samoZRurebelad ars da samxilebelad
da gansamarTlebelad da saswavlelad simarTlisa,
raYTa awve iyos RvTisa igi kaci, yovlisa mimarT
saqmisa keTilisa ganmtkicebul~ (mux. 16, 17).
wminda werili Cven aramxolod sarwmunoebis dogmatebs, cxovrebis wesebsac gvaswavlis, amxels sindiss
da asworebs zneobas. aqedan naTlad Cans wminda werilis Seswavlis mTeli mniSvneloba, gansakuTrebiT mwyemsTaTavis, rameTu samwyemso moRvaweoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom `sargebeli samoZRurebelad ars~. mociqulis mixedviT, RvTivsulieri werili sasargebloa
kacTaTvis WeSmaritebisa da sikeTis saswavleblad, maTi
cdomilebisa da biwierebis samxileblad da WeSmaritebis gzaze dasayeneblad. Tuki esoden sasargeblo da
mniSvnelovani iyo Zveli aRTqmis wminda werili, rasac
aq wminda pavle mociquli gulisxmobs, maSin raoden
ufro aucilebeli da mniSvnelovania axali aRTqmis
wminda werili, romelic mTeli sisruliT gvicxadebs
Cven RvTis nebas da ZvelaRTqmiseuli gamocxadebis saTanadod gagebis gasaRebsac warmoadgens.
meoTxe Tavis pirvel 8 muxlSi pavle mociquli wminda
timoTes daskvniT samwyemso darigebebs gadascems, Semdeg
ki Tavis pirad saqmeebze saubrobs, romelnic, rogorc
Cans, am epistoles daweris mizezi gaxda. aq pavle mTeli
ZaliT àfucebs~ Tavis mowafe timoTes da saRvTo samsjavros axsenebs, rom igi Tavisi samwyemso movaleobaTa
Sesrulebisas daudevari ar iyos da Seagonebs: `qadage
------ 267 ------
sityuaY, zeda-adeg JamiTi-uJamod, amxile, Sehrisxen

da nugeSinis-ec yovliTa sulgrZelebiTa da moZRurebiTa~ (mux. 1, 2). am sityvebiT CamoTvlilia samwyemso
saqmianobis yvela saxe, dasamwyesTa zneobrivi mdgomareobis Sesabamisad. `zeda-adeg~ niSnavs: mudam masze ideqi,
raTa iqadago. ganuwyvetliv iqadage, dauRalavad isaubre, ara ise, rom erTxel Tqva da amiT daamTavro, aramed
mudam ilaparake da aswavle~ (netari Teofilaqte).
ra niSnavs `JamiTi-uJamod~? _ es niSnavs: `qadagebisaTvis garkveul dros nu daidgen, dae, amisTvis mudam gqondes
dro da aramxolod simSvidis, siwynarisa da eklesiaSi
yofnisas; Tundac rom safrTxeSi iyo, Tundac dilegSi,
patimrobaSi, an Tundac sikvdilisTvis emzadebode, maSinac
ki amxile da Seagone~ (wminda ioane oqropiri). gamoTqmis
_ ùJamod~ _ azri is aris, rom moZRvari ùJamo~ unda
iyos, anu ar SearCios da ar daelodos misTvis moxerxebul dros saxarebis saqadageblad samwysos interesebis
sazianod. magaliTad, ucnauri iqneboda, rom mZinare da
muSaobiT daRlili sulieri Svili masTan damrigebluri
saubrisTvis gavaRviZoT, magram Tuki mZinare moZRvars
misi samwyemso movaleobis Sesasruleblad gaaRviZeben, man
ar unda daayovnos da uari ar unda Tqvas. ucnauri iqneboda, rom mwyemss Tavisi saubari iq moexvia vinmesTvis
Tavs, sadac misi miReba da mosmena ar surT. magram, Tuki
mas uxmoben an roca igi TviTon xedavs, rom misi sityva
SesaZloa aucilebeli da sasargeblo aRmoCndes, maSin
Tavisi piradi ganwyobis miuxedavad, is unda adges da
wavides iq, saiTkenac mas Tavisi samwyemso movaleoba uxmobs. ratom unda viswrafodeT da vecadoT, rom xelidan
arasdros gavuSvaT qadagebisTvis Sesaferisi SemTxveva?
------ 268 ------
winaswari cnebebi
_ imitom, rom ìyos Jami, odes sicocxlisa amas moZRurobasa ara Tavs-idebden, aramed gulis Tqumisaebr
Tavisa TKsisa Seikrebden moZRuarTa qaviliTa yurTaTa; da WeSmaritebisagan sasmenelni TKsni gare-miiqcinen da zRaprebasa mieqcen~ (mux. 3, 4). àm sityvaze
ufro gamomxatveli SeuZlebelia sxva iyos: èpisorevsusi~ _ `Seikrebdnen~ (àirCeven~); moZRvrebis uwesrigo brbos aRniSnavs, romelTa wevrebic Tavis xarisxSi mowafeTa
mier iqnebian arCeulni da damtkicebulni~ (wminda ioane
oqropiri). ìsini ki am arCevisas keTilgonivrulad ki ar
moiqcevian, aramed iseTebs airCeven, vinc maT survilebs
daakmayofilebs da mxolod kacTmoTneobiT ilaparakebs
da imoqmedebs~ (netari Teofilaqte).
`qaviliTa yurTaTa~ im moZRvarTa mWevrmetyvelebaze, ufro ki pirmoTneobaze miuTiTebs, romelnic
msmenelTa yuris dasaameblad iqadageben. WeSmaritebis
mosmena aseTi adamianebisTvis mware iqneba da isinic
`zRaprebisaken~, ese igi, yovelgvari meocnebeobiTi
swavlebisaken miiqcevian, romelnic gonebis warmodgenas mimzidveli fantaziebiT ikaveben, sindiss mSvidad
toveben: ar awuxeben mas, ar aRviZeben da ar aSfoTeben
Sexedulebebsa da cxovrebaSi gamousworebels gamosworebis moTxovniT~ (episkoposi Teofane). aseTia magaliTad, TeosofiiT, okultizmiT da yovelgvari filosofiuri da seqtanturi cruswavlebebiT dRevandeli
gataceba, romelic Tanamedrove adamianis survilebs
pasuxobs. mas, ra Tqma unda, amZimebs WeSmariti qristianobis asketuri moTxovnebi.
`xolo Sen frTxil iyav yovelsa Sina, ZKrsa ixilevd, saqme qmen maxarebelisaY, msaxurebaY Seni ke------ 269 ------
Tilad aRasrule~ (mux. 5). gamoTqmiT: `frTxil iyav~,

keTili mwyemsis moRvaweobis zogadi Sinagani xasiaTi an
ganwyoba ganisazRvreba. `frTxilad yofna~ niSnavs, rom
yovelives daakvirdes da yovel mxares yuradRebiT imziros: samwysos saidanme xifaTi xom ar emuqreba? _ da amis
Sesabamisad warmarTos Tavisi samwyemso saqmianoba. `ZKrsa
ixilevd~, _ amiT samwyemso moqmedebis zogadi garegnuli
xasiaTi ganisazRvreba. es niSnavs àra sakuTriv sarwmunoebisaTvis tanjvas da devnas, aramed yovelive mosvenebis uaryofas. mZime da mtkivneul Sromas Seudeqi, nu
Seibraleb da daindob sakuTar Tavs, roca amas samwysos
sargebeli moiTxovs~ (episkoposi Teofane). gafantuli da
fufunebiTi cxovreba, mxiarulebisa da sasiamovno garTobebis Zieba, WeSmarit mwyemss ar Seefereba, rameTu yovelive es sawinaaRmdegoa darigebisa _ `ZKrsa ixilevd~.
`saqme qmen maxarebelisaY~, _ amiT eklesiis mwyemsis
umniSvnelovanesi movaleoba ganisazRvreba, romelic mis
yvela sxva saqmeTa saTaveSi unda idges. moZRvari aramxolod RvTismsaxurebisa da weskurTxevebis meqanikuri
aRmsrulebelia, aramed, upirveles yovlisa _ Cveni cxonebis Sesaxeb keTiluwyebis (saxarebis) mqadagebeli.
`msaxurebaY Seni keTilad aRasrule~, anu `damakmayofileblad aRasrule, ara rogorRac, gulgrilad
da zantad, aramed mTeli gulisxmierebiT. Tavis samwyemso darigebebs pavle mociquli moaxloebuli mowameobrivi sikvdilis winaswarmetyvelebiT asrulebs. amiT is,
TiTqosda, ase eubneba: `maxareblis saqme gulmodgined
aRasrule, rameTu Cemi aRsasruli moaxloebulia. Cem
Semdeg ki am saqmes Senze, Cems sayvarel mowafeze ukeT
veravin warmarTavs~ (episkoposi Teofane). erTgvar an------ 270 ------
winaswari cnebebi
derZad utovebs wminda pavle mociquli timoTes Tavisi
sakuTari cxovrebisa da moSurne samociqulo moRvaweobis magaliTs. wminda ioane oqropiri am adgilTan (mux.
6-8) dakavSirebiT wers: `xSirad, roca xelSi mociqulis
epistoles viRebdi da am adgils vkiTxulobdi, ar mesmoda, Tu ratom aRimaRlebda Tavis Tavs pavle mociquli:
`Ruawli keTili momiRuawebies~, magram axla, rogorc
Cans, RvTis madliT, es gavige. _ ratom saubrobs igi
ase? mas surs, damwuxrebuli mowafe anugeSos da mouwodebs, rom mxned iyos, radgan igi (pavle) gvirgvinis
misaRebad mieSureba, rogorc yovelives aRmsrulebeli,
rogorc keTil dasasruls miwevnuli; _ amitom ki ar
unda imwuxroo, _ ambobs, _ aramed gixarodes~.
me-9 muxlidan iwyeba bolosityvaoba, sadac pavle
mociquli wminda timoTes sTxovs: ìswrafe zamTrisa
wina moslvad~ (zamTris dadgomamde); mas davalebas
aZlevs da mokiTxvas uTvlis, da epistoles Cveuli
samociqulo kurTxeviT amTavrebs.
aq, me-16_me-17 muxlebSi, mociquli samoqalaqo samsjavroze misi saqmis pirvel garCevaze saubrobs, romelic mociqulisTvis keTilad damTavrda, Tumca yvelam,
ra Tqma unda, SiSis gamo igi miatova: `da ganveri
pirisagan lomisa~, _ aq `lomSi~ wminda ione oqropiri
da netari Teodorite sastik nerons gulisxmoben, Tumca zogierTi fiqrobs, rom mociquls Tavdapirvelad
lomTa SesaWmelad migdeba emuqreboda, rogorc maSin
xSirad akeTebdnen qristianTa mimarT, radgan maT veluri mxecebisgan daglejiT sikvdils usjidnen.
------ 271 ------
epistole tites mimarT

cnobebi wminda tites Sesaxeb. wminda tites Sesaxeb
istoriuli cnobebi Zalze mwiria. `saqme mociqulTa~ mis
Sesaxeb arafers ambobs. viciT mxolod is, rasac wminda
pavles epistoleni da gadmocemebi mogviTxrobs. pirveli
cnoba mis Sesaxeb galateelTa mimarT epistoleSi gvxvdeba (2, 3), sadac naTqvamia, rom igi Tan axlda pavle
mociquls ierusalimSi gamarTul mociqulTa krebaze.
iqidan vigebT, rom igi warmoSobiT elini iyo, warmarTi,
gadmocema ki amatebs, rom is kunZul kretaze daibada da
iqaur samefo gvars warmoadgenda. tite sibrZnismoyvare,
keTilmsaxurebis moSurne da qalwuli iyo (arawarmarTulad) (filadelfielTa mimarT wminda egnates epistoledan). gadmocemis Tanaxmad, tite Tavisi biZis, anTipate
kretelis mier jer kidev uflis miwieri cxovrebisas
iqna gagzavnili ierusalimSi, sadac is ufalsa da wminda
mociqulebs xvdeboda, esaubreboda da sakvirvel niSansaswaulebs xedavda (ioane, 12, 20-22); iyo uflis jvarcmis mowme, darwmunda misi aRdgomis WeSmaritebaSi da im
kretelTa Soris idga, romelTac sulTmofenobis dRes
moismines, Tu rogor saubrobdnen mociqulebi maT enaze.
titem yovelive es kretaSi dabrunebisas Tavis Tanamemamuleebs auwya. iqidan, ukve morwmune, igi antioqiaSi gaemgzavra da wminda pavle mociqulis uerTgulesi mowafe
da Tanamgzavri gaxda. urTierTsiyvarulis Tu raoden mtkice jaWvebiT iyvnen isini erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, es
kargad Cans korinToelTa mimarT pavle mociqulis meore
epistoledan, sadac is mis Sesaxeb ambobs: `saqmis ziarisa
------ 272 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mis Cuenisa da Tquenisa Semwisa~ (8, 23). savaraudod,

tite Tan axlda wminda pavles misi meore samociqulo
mogzaurobisas, roca galateelni gaqristiandnen, rameTu galateelTa mimarT epistoleSi wminda pavle masze
saubrobs, rogorc maTTvis nacnob pirze (gal. 2, 1-3).
wminda pavles tite mesame mogzaurobaSic Tan axlda,
rameTu wminda pavlem igi efesodan korinToSi mniSvnelovani davalebiT miavlina: gaego im STabeWdilebaTa Sesaxeb,
rac korinToelebze misma pirvelma epistolem moaxdina
da daelagebina korinTos eklesiis saqmeebi (2 kor. 2, 12,
13; 7, 13-15). xolo, rodesac titesgan miRebuli cnobebis
Sedegad, mociqulma korinToelTa mimarT Tavisi meore
epistole dawera, man am epistoleTi isev tite wargzavna da palestinis gaWirvebuli eklesiebisTvis mowyalebis
Segroveba daavala (2 kor. 8, 6, 16, 17). amasTan, wminda
mociqulma tites korinToelebTan rekomendacia gauwia,
rogorc saimedo da erTgul kacs (2 kor. 8, 20-23). Semdgom tites mimarT wminda pavles epistoledan vxedavT,
rom tite, pavle mociquls, pirveli patimrobidan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, misi meore mogzaurobis drosac Tan
axlda da mis mier kunZul kretaze daumTavrebel saqmeTa
da yvela qalaqSi xucesTa dasadgineblad iqna datovebuli (tit. 1, 5). magram, rogorc tites mimarT epistoledan (3, 12) vxedavT, tite kvlav TavisTan gaiwvia pavle
mociqulma da masTan erTad iyofda meoTxe samociqulo
mogzaurobis mTel siZneleebs. es mogzauroba kilikiis
nikopolSi daiwyo da makedoniaSi, aqaiaSi, espaneTsa da
romSi gagrZelda, sadac mociquli meored daapatimres da
sadac mowameobrivad aResrula. yovel SemTxvevaSi, 2 tim.
4, 9, 10-dan naTlad Cans, rom tite mociqulTan romSic
------ 273 ------

imyofeboda da mis mier iqidan dalmatiaSic ki gaigzavna
garkveuli davalebiT. gadmocemiT cnobilia, rom wminda
tite kretaze Rrma siberemde episkoposad msaxurobda,
mTeli kunZuli qristes sarwmunoebiT gaanaTla da 94
wlis asakSi, qristes xorcielad Sobidan 110 wels gardaicvala. igi sikvdilamde qalwulad darCa, msgavsad Tavisi
moZRvrisa. wminda tites xseneba 25 agvistos aResruleba.
kreteli qristianebis Sesaxeb. kretas eklesiis daarseba. tites mimarT epistole, ra Tqma unda,
kreteli qristianebisTvisac aris dawerili, romelTa
episkoposadac is iyo dadginebuli. kunZuli kreta, anu
kandia, Tavisi sididisa da nayofierebis gamo xmelTaSua zRvis `kunZulTa dedoflad~ iyo wodebuli. is
Zvelad xalxmravlobiT gamoirCeoda da ganTqmuli iyo
savaWro urTierTobebiTa da sanimuSo kanonmdeblobiT.
berZnuli respublikebis dacemiT kretaSic daiwyo igive procesi. qristesSobamde 69 wels romaelma konsulma metelusma kreta romis provinciad aqcia. gacxovelebulma savaWro urTierTobebma kretaze mravali
dabalzneobrivi adamiani miizida sargeblis moxveWis
mizniT. Sedegad, zneoba daeca, rac garyvnilebasa da
tyuilisadmi midrekilebaSi gamoixateboda da es imdenad, rom berZnebSi gamoTqma _ `kretuli saubari~
_ sityva `motyuebis~ sinonimad iqca. jer kidev Zveli
poeti, epimanide _ kretis mkvidri, aRniSnavda Tavis
TanamemamuleTa am Tvisebas, xolo pavle mociqulma misi
sityvebis WeSmariteba, tites mimarT Tavis epistoleSi
daadastura (ix. 1, 12, 13). kretis mcxovrebTa Soris
bevri iudevelic iyo, vinc iq vaWrobam miizida.
------ 274 ------
winaswari cnebebi
zustad rodis gavrcelda kretaze qristianoba,
CvenTvis ucnobia. `saqme mociqulTa~-dan (2, 11) Cans,
rom suliwmidis gardamosvlis saswaulis mowmeTa Soris
kretelebic iyvnen, romelnic mociqulTa STamagonebel
qadagebas Tavis mSobliur enaze ismendnen. ueWvelad,
swored isini iyvnen Tavis qveyanaSi qristianobis pirveli
maxareblebi. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom kretaze qristianobis mTavari mqadagebeli tite yofiliyo, Tumca
iq qristes eklesiis myari dafuZneba, rogorc tites mimarT epistoledan Cans, pavle mociquls ekuTvnis. kretaze igi Tavisi pirveli patimrobidan gaTavisuflebis
Semdeg moxvda, Tavisi meoTxe samociqulo mogzaurobisas. man yvela qalaqSi daaarsa eklesiebi, magram yvelgan
ver moaswro xucesebis dadgineba da es saqme tites
miando (1, 5). tites TanaSemweTa da TanamuSakTa Soris
iyvnen `zinan Sjulismwerali~ da Tavisi codniTa da
maxvilsityvaobiT cnobili apolo (3, 13).
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. wminda ioane
oqropiri ambobs: `vgoneb, rom wminda mociquli am epistoles pirvel da meore patimrobebs Soris werda. es
epistole, vfiqrob, timoTes mimarT meore epistoles win
uswrebs, rameTu is man sicocxlis bolos, patimrobaSi
dawera, es ki maSin, roca patimrobidan (pirveli) Tavisufali iyo~. pavle mociquli pirveli patimrobidan
64 wels gaaTavisufles. igi maSinve Tavis meore mogzaurobaSi wavida da maSin ewvia kretas. roca is mere
mcire aziaSi gaemgzavra im eklesiebis mosanaxuleblad,
romelTa bedzec pirveli romauli patimrobisas bevrs
fiqrobda, male Tavisi TanaSemwis, tites, daxmarebis
------ 275 ------

saWiroeba igrZno da igi TavisTan, nikopolSi, gamoiZaxa,
sadac gamozamTrebas apirebda (tit. 3, 12). amgvarad,
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom tites mimarT epistole 64
wels romelime mcireaziur qalaqSia dawerili. wminda
aTanase da netari ieronime varaudoben, rom es qalaqi
swored kilikiis nikopoli iyo.
epistoles daweris mizezi da mizani. kretis qristianuli Temi Tavisi SemadgenlobiT Zalze mravalerovani iyo. es gansxvavebuloba, zneobrivi dacema, andazad
qceuli sicruismoyvareoba, sizarmace da angarebismoyvareoba, agreTve, iudevelebisaTvis yvelgan damaxasiaTebeli cdomilebani, romliTac isini qristianul sazogadoebas aRelvebdnen, _ yovelive es samwyemso zrunvisaTvis did siZneleebs qmnida. garda amisa, tite TviTon
iyo kreteli da misi saqmianobisaTvis gansakuTrebuli
avtoriteti unda mieniWebinaT. epistole titesTvis
aucilebel werilobiT saxelmZRvanelos warmoadgenda,
im zepir darigebaTa damatebiT, romliTac is wminda
pavlem damoZRvra. cxadia, mociqulisgan werilobiTi
darigebis miRebis Semdeg tite ufro gabedulad da
gadaWriT imoqmedebda, radgan daeyrdnoboda mociqulis epistoles avtoritets.
epistoles Sinaarsi da dayofa. tites mimarT epistole sul sam Tavs Seicavs. epistoleSi cxadad gamoiyofa Semdegi oTxi nawili:
1) winasityvaoba zedwarweriTa da misalmebiT (1, 1-5);
2) darigebani eklesiis moZRvarTa arCevis Sesaxeb
(1, 6-16);
------ 276 ------
winaswari cnebebi
3) darigebani moZRvris samoZRvro saqmianobasTan
dakavSirebiT (2-3, 1-11);
4) bolosityvaoba, romelic mociqulis gankargulebebs, mokiTxvasa da kurTxevas Seicavs (3, 12-15).
epistoles egzegetikuri garCeva. tites mimarT
epistole Cveuli zedwarweriT iwyeba, romelic am
epistoleSi gansakuTrebiT sazeimo da bevrad ufro
vrcelia, vidre sxva epistoleebSi. Tavisi ganvrcobiTa da azrebiT is romaelTa da galateelTa mimarT
epistoleebis zedwarwerebs gvagonebs. amiT mociquls
surda, rom epistoles sagnis mniSvnelobisaTvis gansakuTrebiT gaesva xazi. mociquli tites qebiT uwodebs
èrTgulsa Svilsa zogadisaebr sarwmuneobisa~ (mux.
4), anu Tavis namdvil WeSmarit Svils, romelsac ucvlelad upyria is wminda sarwmunoeba, romelic mas wminda
pavlem aswavla. winasityvaoba mTavrdeba gancxadebiT,
rom mociqulma imisTvis datova tite kretaze, `raYTa naklulevani igi ganagos da daadginos qalaqadqalaqad xucesni~ (mux. 5).
Semdeg pirvel TavSi mociquli tites urCevs, rom samRvdelo kandidatebis SerCevisas gansakuTrebiT frTxili
iyos, radgan kretaze bevri urCi, uqmismetyveli da matyuaraa. mociquli im Tvisebebsac CamoTvlis, romliTac
samRvdelo kandidatebi unda xasiaTdebodnen: `romeli
iyos ubralo, erTis colisa qmar, Svilnimca usxen
morwmuneni, numca Sesmenil arian bilwebisaTKs gina
urCebisa~ (mux. 6), _ ùbraloebaSi~, aq unaklo da moridebuli qceva igulisxmeba. èrTi colis qmari~ niSnavs _ araorcoliani. am moTxovnis Sesaxeb wminda ioane
------ 277 ------
oqropiri ase saubrobs: `ratom waradgens mociquli

samRvdelo kandidatad aseT adamians? _ igi im mwvaleblebis bageebs axSobs, romlebic qorwinebas gmobdnen da
aCvenebs, rom es saqme aranairad gasakicxi ar aris, aramed imdenad patiosania, rom daqorwinebulisTvis samRvdelo saydarze asvlac ki SeiZleba; amasTan, igi TavSeukavebel adamianebs kicxavs da maT uflebas ar aZlevs,
rom meore qorwinebis Semdeg es xarisxi miiRon... Tqven
iciT, rom Tumc kanonebiT meore qorwineba akrZaluli
ar aris, magram es saqme mravali sayveduris Rirsia. mociquls ki surs, rom xelmZRvanelma daqvemdebarebulebs
sayveduris aranairi sababi ar misces~.
`Svilnimca usxen morwmuneni~ (ese igi, morwmune
qristianebi da ara warmarTni an uRmerToni), numca
Sesmenil arian bilwebisaTKs gina urCebisa~, _ mRvdlebis Svilebi ukeTurad ar unda iqceodnen. wminda
ioane oqropiri ambobs: `rameTu, vinc Tavis Svils ver
aswavlis, man sxvas rogor unda aswavlos?~ netari ieronime aRniSnavs, rom Svilebis biwierebam SesaZloa,
mamebis maswavleblobis warmatebas daudos zRvari da
saerTod Sewyvitos. `rameTu, rogor unda vamxiloT sxvisi Svilebi da marTali gza vaswavloT, _ ambobs igi, _
roca mxilebuls SeuZlia, gviTxras: `jer Sensas aswavle~. Semdeg mociquli uaryofiT Tvisebebs CamoTvlis,
romelic episkoposs ar unda hqondes (aq èpiskoposebSi~
episkoposebTan erTad mRvdlebic unda vigulisxmoT,
rameTu mociqulTa dros es terminebi jer kidev ar iyo
mkacrad gamijnuli). `rameTu jer-ars episkoposisa
ubiwo yofaY, viTarca RvTisa mnisaY, nu TavPed, nu
gul-mwyral, nu moRKne, nu molale, nu saZagelis
------ 278 ------
winaswari cnebebi
SemZinel~ (mux. 7), _ `RvTis mne~ imasve niSnavs, rasac

èkonomosi~, `ganmgebeli~ an saxlis mmarTveli. netari
ieronimes varaudiT, aq pavle mociquls mxedvelobaSi
hqonda uflis igavi `sarwmuno mnis~ Sesaxeb (luka, 12,
42). ùbiwo yofa~, _ ese igi, episkoposi ar unda iyos
TviTneba, anu yvelaze maRla ar unda ayenebdes sakuTar
nebasa da pirad, egoistur interesebs. `nu TavPed, nu
gul-mwyral, nu moRKne, nu molale~, _ yovelive es
ar aris damaxasiaTebeli keTili mwyemsisa da saxlis
ganmgeblisaTvis, aseT Tvisebebs uflis igavic kicxavs
(luka, 12, 45). `nu saZagelis SemZinel~, _ aq aramarto
upatiosneba ikrZaleba, aramed gamdidrebis yovelgvari
survili, rac qristes eklesiis msaxurisaTvis, romelic
mociqulebs unda baZavdes da aranair materialur sargebels eZiebdes, yovlad Seuferebelia; igi mxolod
aucilebeliT unda kmayofildebodes _ sakvebiTa da
SesamoseliT (1 tim. 6, 8). amis Semdeg CamoTvlilia
is dadebiTi Tvisebebi, romelic mRvdlobis kandidats
moeTxoveba.
àramed stumris moyuare, keTilis moyuare, wmida,
marTal, Rirs, moTmine~ (mux. 8), _ stumarTmoyvareoba
gansakuTrebiT fasobda sarwmunoebis devnilobisas.
`keTilis moyvares~ mociquli uwodebs mSvids, wynars,
aravis aRmaSfoTebels, araSurians~ (netari Teofilaqte); `wminda~, _ ese igi, xorcieli codvebisagan sufTa,
rac qorwinebaSic aris SesaZlebeli. col-qmars moeTxovebaT erTmaneTis erTguleba da sareceliT zomierad
sargebloba; uqorwinebelT ki _ aramxolod sxeulis,
aramed gulisTqmaTa siwmindec. `marTal~, _ ese igi,
adamianTa mimarT piruTvneli. `Rirs~, _ ese igi, RvTis
------ 279 ------

moSiSi da siwmindis winaSe keTilkrZaluli. `moTmine~,
_ ese igi, TavSekavebuli aramxolod xorcieli vnebisa
da colis alersisagan, aramed yvela sulieri vnebisganac: ar ganrisxdes, ar Cavardes mwuxarebaSi, SiSisgan
ar daiTrgunos da uzomo sixarulma ar gaitacos~ (netari ieronime).
Semdeg mociquli miuTiTebs, Tu rogori maswavlebeli unda iyos mRvdelmsaxuri: `Tavs-mdebel msgavsad moZRurebisa mis, sarwmuneobisa sityKsa~, _ anu
Seuryvneli qristianuli swavlebisa, `raYTa SemZlebel iyos nugeSinis-cemadca moZRurebasa mas Sina
sicocxlisasa da sityKs-mgebelTa maT mamxilebel~
(mux. 9), _ Rirseulma moZRvarma aramxolod brwyinvaled unda icodes qristianuli sarwmunoebis yvela
dogmati, aramed maTi `Tavs-mdebelic~ unda iyos, anu
icavdes maT, ufrTxildebodes sakuTar sicocxlesaviT
da sxvebsac Seagonebdes; aramxolod qristianuli sarwmunoebis yvela ZiriTad WeSmaritebas aswavlides, aramed _ maT siyvarulsa da pativiscemasac. mwyemsi ar unda
iyos gonebiT meryevi. garda imisa, rom Tavad unda icodes qristianuli sarwmunoebis mTeli moZRvreba, unda
SeeZlos, aseve, sxvebsac naTlad da gasagebad gadasces
is mTeli damajereblobiT. amasTan, unda SeeZlos qristianuli sarwmunoebis mtrebis mogerieba da maTgan
Tavisi samwysos dacva. aRniSvnis Rirsia, rom mociqulma
CamoTvala ra mRvdlobis kandidatisTvis saWiro Tvisebebi, `moZRvroba~ (maswavlebloba) bolos daayena. es
imitom, rom mRvdelmsaxurSi moZRvroba yvela keTil
Tvisebas agvirgvinebs da mis gamorCeul niSans warmoadgens. amasTan dakavSirebiT wminda ioane oqropiri
------ 280 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ambobs: `sxva Tvisebebi, rogoricaa: siwminde, Svilebis
morCilad aRzrda, stumarTmoyvareoba, samarTlianoba,
keTilmsaxureba, _ yvelaferi es SeiZleba, daqvemdebarebulebSic moviZioT, magram episkopossa da xucess
gansakuTrebiT is gamoarCevs, rom ers moZRvraven~. Semdeg mociquli ganmartavs, Tu ratom unda iyos tite
frTxili mRvdelmsaxurTa arCevis dros da kretelebs
poet epimenides sityvebiT axasiaTebs (epimenide kunZul
kretaze cxovrobda qristesSobamde 658 wels): `kritelni maradis mtyuvarni, mPecni borotni, mucelni
uqmni~ (mux. 12).
`nu erCied huriaebrTa zRaparTa~ (mux. 14), _ rogorc netari Teodorite ganmartavs: `mociqulma iudevelTa (huriaTa) `zRapari~ uwoda ara TviT rjuls,
aramed iudevelTa mier rjulis ganmartebas~. am `zRaparSi~ SeiZleba vigulisxmoT is azri, romelic qristianobaze moqceul iudevelebSi didxans mkvidrobda da
ukavSirdeboda winadacveTas, SabaTs, nebadarTuli da
akrZaluli sakvebis saxeobas da, zogadad, moses rjulis
yvela wes-CveulebiTi ganwesebebis dacvis aucileblobas.
swored aqedan gamomdinare ganagrZobs Semdgom mociquli: `yovelive wmida ars wmidaTaTKs; xolo SeginebulTaTKs da urwmunoTa araraY ars wmida, aramed
Seginebul ars maTi gulica da gonebaYca~ (mux. 15).
jer kidev ieso qriste ambobda: àraTu piriT Semavali
Seaginebs kacsa, aramed piriT gamomavali Seaginebs
kacsa~ (maT. 15, 11). imave azrs imeorebs aq mociquli da
amtkicebs, rom araferi TavisTavad uwminduri ar aris,
aramed uwminduri guli da goneba aqcevs yovelives uwmindurad, amitom mxolod imaze unda vzrunavdeT, rom
------ 281 ------

suli raimeTi ar SeuracxvyoT. me-16 muxli ueWvelad im
iudevelebs amxels, romlebic iqadian imiT, rom `RmerTi ician~, magram cxovrebaSi, saqmiT, RvTis rjuls ar
aRasruleben.
meore Tavidan darigebebi iwyeba, _ Tu ra da rogor unda aswavlos moZRvarma morwmuneebs. mociquli
ambobs, rom moxucebulT unda movuwodoT sidinjisa da
sarwmunoebaSi sijansaRisaken; moxuc dedebs _ Sesaferisi Cacmulobisaken, agreTve, ciliswamebisa (`Woraoba~) da zedmeti Rvinisagan TavSekavebisaken. aseve, maTi
valia ymawvilqalebs aswavlon qmrebisa da Svilebis siyvaruli, da ubiwoebis dacva. rac Seexeba Wabukebs, moZRvrebma isini siwmindeSi Tavis Sesanaxad unda aRZran,
raTa amiT qristianobis mowinaaRmdegeni Searcxvinon.
mociquli tites gansakuTrebiT sTxovs, rom man monebs
Seagonos TavianTi batonebisadmi morCileba da yoveliveSi qristes swavlebasTan Tanaxmieri cxovreba. darigebaTa Soris, mociquli Sexsenebas urTavs imis Taobaze,
rom maswavlebeli Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT sxvaTaTvis
samagaliTo unda iyos (mux. 1-10). yovelive amis CamoTvlis Semdeg, mociquli Seagonebs, rom gankacebuli Ze
RvTisas mier aRsrulebuli sulis sacxonebeli gangebulebis mTeli mizani imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Seitanos
axali sawyisi adamianis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaSi:
`rameTu gamoCnda madli igi RvTisaY macxovrad yovelTa kacTa samoZRurebelad Cuenda, raYTa uar-vyoT uRmrToebaY da soflisa gulis TqumaY, siwmidiT
da simarTliT da RvTis msaxurebiT vcxovndebodiT
amas sofelsa~ (mux. 11-12), _ am `madlis~ qveS SeiZleba
moviazroT yvela madlmosil niWTa erToblioba, rome------ 282 ------
winaswari cnebebi
lic gveboZa qristes gamomsyidvelobiTi damsaxurebebis
ZaliT. madlis gamoCinebis mizania, gvaswavlos, uarvyoT uwmindureba (ùRmrToebaY da soflis gulis
TqumaY~) da vicxovroT keTilmsaxurebiT (`siwmidiT
da simarTliT da RvTis msaxurebiT~). am sityvebiT
Zlier imxileba protestantizmis crumoZRvreba, romelic iTvaliswinebs mxolod rwmeniT (keTil saqmeTa
gareSe) cxonebas. aq wminda mociquli naTlad gamoxatavs azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom saRvTo gangebulebis mTeli mizani adamianTa miwieri cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis gardaqmnaa da aramxolod cxonebis damamSvidebeli
imedis micema uflis gamomsyidvelobiTi damsaxurebebis
rwmenis gamo.
`da movelodiT netarsa mas sasoebasa da gamoCinebasa didebasa didisa RvTisa da macxovrisa Cuenisa
iesu qristessa~ (mux. 13), _ didebis gamoCena `didisa
RvTisa da macxovrisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi~ _ es aris
misi meored mosvla. madlis gamoCenam adamianebs didebis
gamoCenis lodini aswavla. orive es gamoCena isea erTmaneTTan gadajaWvuli, rom visTvisac pirveli dadga,
igi suliT meoresac xedavs. ai, ratomac cxovrobdnen
pirveli qristianebi meored mosvlis daZabuli molodiniT, da axla, sarwmunoebis moklebis gamo, ratomac
gafermkrTalda Tanamedrove qristianTa SegnebaSi es
molodini. zogierTebi ki amJamad sruliad uaryofen
meored mosvlis realobas da cdiloben, alegoriuli
axsna miscen mas. wminda mociqulis zemoT moyvanili
sityvebi kidev imiT aris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani,
rom isini aSkarad metyvelebs Cveni uflis, ieso qristes saRvTo Rirsebaze: aq mas pirdapir ewodeba `didi
------ 283 ------

RmerTi~, _ `romelman-igi misca Tavi TKsi CuenTKs,
raYTa miKsnnes Cuen yovlisagan urCuloebisa da ganmwmidnes Tavisa TKsisa erad mogebulad, mobaZavad
keTilTa saqmeTa~ (mux. 14). es sityvebi ufro meti ZaliT gamoxatavs mociqulis wina azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom
ufal ieso qristes sarwmunoebis mier cxonebisaTvis
aucilebelia keTil saqmeTa qmna. qristes gamomsyidvelobiTi Rvawlis miznad aq dasaxulia, gvyos Cven keTil
saqmeebSi mimbaZvelad (`mobaZavad keTilTa saqmeTa~)
da amiT RvTis erad gvaqcios (`Tavisa TKsisa erad
mogebulad~), _ anu, erTgvar RvTis sulier wilxvedrad, rogoric israelis eri iyo Zvel aRTqmaSi. aqedan
cxadia, rom mxolod qristes rwmena ver gvacxovnebs.
mociquli Seagonebs tites, rom man amis Sesaxeb mouRlelad iqadagos `yovliTa brZanebiTa~, raTa aravin
Seuracxyos igi sityvaSi daudevrobis gamo im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki aravisgan mxilebuli urjuloni, Riad daiwyeben uwesobis qmnas (mux. 15).
mesame TavSi ganagrZobs darigebebs da wminda mociquli wminda tites Seagonebs, rom man kretelebs maTi
samoqalaqo valdebulebebi da xelisuflebisadmi morCileba Seaxsenos da agreTve is, rom `yovlisa mimarT
saqmisa keTilisa ganmzadebul iyvnen~ (mux. 1-2). imis
SegnebiT, rom qristes mosvlamde adamianebs saTnoebebiT
cxovreba uWirdaT, mociquli kretel qristianebs kvlav
saRvTo gangebulebis didi saqmis Sesaxeb azriT aRfrTovanebs: `xolo raJams sitkboebaY da kacT moyuarebaY gamoCnda macxovrisa Cuenisa RvTisaY, ara saqmeTagan simarTlisaTa, romelni-igi vqmneniT Cuen,
aramed wyalobiTa TKsiTa miPsnna Cuen, baniTa miT
------ 284 ------
winaswari cnebebi
meored SobisaYTa, ganaxlebiTa sulisa wmidisaYTa~

(mux. 3-5). `romeli-igi mohfina Cuen zeda mdidrad
iesu qristes mier, macxovrisa Cuenisa~ (mux. 6), _ aq
cxonebisaTvis keTil saqmeTa usargebloba ki ar unda
davinaxoT, rogorc protestantebi da seqtantebi fiqroben, aramed piriqiT: aq imazea miTiTeba, rom qristianebisTvis miutevebelia Zvelebur, codviT mdgomareobaSi darCena mas Semdeg, rac ufalma suliwmidiT
maTi ganaxleba (feriscvaleba) gadawyvita. qristianebi
axali, wminda cxovrebisaTvis arian mowodebulni da
amisaTvis maT sakmarisad aqvT yvela saWiro madlmosili
saSualeba. RmerTma ieso qristes mier Cveni cxonebis
saqme moawyo Cveni monawileobis gareSe, Cveni mxridan
raime keTil saqmeTa da damsaxurebaTa gareSe, magram
am cxonebis SeTviseba Cven sxvagvarad ar SegviZlia, Tu
ara Cveni piradi SromiT, keTil saqmeTa piradi RvawliT da yovelive amaSi CvenTvis boZebuli RvTis madlis
SewevniT. me-5 muxlSi moyvanil sityvebSi: `baniTa miT
meored SobisaYTa~, _ naTlobis saidumlo igulisxmeba,
romelSic adamiani, TiTqosda, xelaxla ibadeba, xolo
sityvebi: `ganaxlebiTa sulisa wmidisaYTa~, _ aRniSnavs suliwmidis gardamosvlis meore saidumlos, romelic mociqulTa droSi xeldadebiT aResruleboda,
amJamad ki _ mironcxebiT.
`raYTa ganvmarTldeT madliTa miT misiTa da mkKdr viqmnneT sasoebasa mas cxorebisa saukunoYsasa~
(mux. 7), _ es niSnavs: `RvTis madlis SewevniT marTlebi
gavxdebiT da saukuno cxovrebas davimkvidrebT~, da ara
imas, rom madli TviTon gagvamarTlebs, avtomaturad,
Cveni piradi Zalisxmevis gareSe, rogorc am adgils
------ 285 ------

damaxinjebulad ganmartaven seqtantebi. sxvagvarad, ase
dabejiTebiT ar mogviwodebda wminda pavle mociquli
cxovrebis gamosworebisaken, rogorc amas SemdgomSi
akeTebs: `sarwmuno ars sityuaY; da maTTKsca mnebavs
Senda ganmtkicebad, raYTa zrunviden keTilTa saqmeTa zeda dgomad morwmuneni RvTisani: rameTu ese
ars keTil da sargebel kacTa~ (mux. 8), _ aqac, kvlav
protestantTa samxileblad, sikeTis qmnisaken dabejiTebuli mowodebaa.
mociquli gvirCevs, gaveridoT davasa da kamaTs, da
`mwvalebelsa kacsa Semdgomad erTisa da orisa swavlisa~ ganveSoroT, Tuki is jiutad ewinaaRmdegeba WeSmaritebas da amiT aCvenebs, rom sabolood gaixrwna:
`gardagularZnil ars~ (mux. 9-11). epistole mTavrdeba
mociqulis gankargulebebiT, mokiTxviTa da kurTxeviT.
------ 286 ------
winaswari cnebebi
epistole filimonis mimarT

cnobebi wminda filimonis Sesaxeb. pavle mociqulis sayvareli mowafe filimoni (filim. Tav. 1) qalaq
kolases mdidari da cnobili moqalaqe iyo. pavle mociqulis TqmiT, `Tavica Seni Tana-gac Cemda~ (mux. 19),
ese igi, mis mier iyo moqceuli qristes sarwmunoebaze
kolaseSi an efesoSi, _ pavle mociqulis xangrZlivi
yofnis dros (kolases da efesos mWidro savaWro da administraciuli urTierTobebi akavSirebda). mas Semdeg,
rac qriste irwmuna, filimoni mTel sazogadoebaSi samagaliTo cxovrebiT cxovrobda. qristianuli cxovrebis yvela Rvawlisas, filimonis uaxloesi TanaSemwe apfia iyo, misi coli (wminda ioane oqopiris mixedviT),
romelsac pavle mociquli miesalmeba rogorc sayvarel
das. misi TanaSemwe iyo agreTve, arqipo, _ rogorc
varaudoben, maTi Ze, romelsac pavle mociqulma pativi miago wodebiT _ `Tanamosagre Cveni~. wminda ioane
oqropiris azriT, maTi saxli yvela wmindanis TavSesafars warmoadgenda da wminda pavlec mowmobs, rom
`nawlevni wmidaTani gansuenebul arian SenTKs~ (mux.
7). imis safuZvelze, rom mociquli filimonis saxls
`saxlis eklesias~ uwodebs, varaudoben, rom iq namdvilad iyo eklesia, sadac msaxurebas filimoni da arqipo aRasrulebdnen, rogorc samRvdelo xarisxis pirebi.
rogorc Cans, kolases eklesiis marTvaSi filimoni exmareboda epafraiss, kolases episkoposs da misi aryofnisas mas cvlida. gadmocemiT, filimoni mogvianebiT
Tavad gaxda kolases episkoposi (mociqulTa ganwese------ 287 ------

bani 7, 49) da apfiasa da arqiposTan erTad mowameobrivad aResrula. filimoni warmarTTa brbom gaTela.
maTi xseneba 19 Tebervals da 22 noembers aRiniSneba.
sxva gadmocemiT, wminda arqipo kolases episkoposi iyo,
filimoni _ Razis.
epistoles daweris mizezi. filimonis mimarT epistole pavle mociqulma misi monis, onisimes gamo dawera,
romelsac Tavisi batonis winaSe garkveuli danaSauli
miuZRvoda (mux. 11, 18). sasjelis SiSiT, igi Tavis batons gamoeqca da romSi Cavida, sadac im dros pavle
mociquli iyo dapatimrebuli. radgan romSi Tavisi
pirveli patimrobisas, wminda pavles saSualeba hqonda
daubrkoleblad eqadaga (saqm. 28, 31), man sxvebTan
erTad qristes sarwmunoebaze onisimec moaqcia. mociqulma imdenad Seiyvara onisime, rom TavisTan misi datovebac ki gadawyvita, magram Semdeg umjobesad miiCnia
filimonisTvis misi dabruneba da sTxova mas, mieRo igi
rogorc `nawlevi~ (guli) misi (mux. 12). mTeli es epistole imisken aris mimarTuli, rom sruliad Searigos
batoni Tavis monasTan da, rom filimonma gaqceuli onisime Seiwynaros ukve àrRara viTarca mona, aramed
ufrosRa monisa, sayuareli Zma~ (mux. 16).
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. filimonis mimarT epistole, rogorc kolaselTa mimarT epistoledan Cans (4, 7-9), am ukanasknelTan erTad aris dawerili da gagzavnili, Sesabamisad _ 61 an 62 wels. TviT
filimonis mimarT epistoledan ki Cans (mux. 1, 10, 23),
rom pavle mociquli am dros patimrobaSi imyofeboda
------ 288 ------
winaswari cnebebi
xolo, radgan igi male gaTavisuflebas imedovnebda da,
amasTan, sTxovda, rom misTvis kolaseSi bina gaemzadebina (mux. 22), cxadia, rom es misi pirveli patimroba
iyo romSi, sadac daiwera kidec es epistole.
epistoles egzegetikuri garCeva. filimonis mimarT
epistole mxolod erT Tavs Seicavs, romelic 24 muxlisgan Sedgeba. epistole iwyeba SesavliT. pirvel 9 muxlSi,
sadac pavle mociquli mas Semdeg, rac Tavisi da timoTes
saxeliT esalmeba filimons, apfiasa da arqipos da maT
madlsa da mSvidobas usurvebs, igi filimonis RvTismsaxurebis gamo Tavis sixaruls gamoxatavs da ambobs, rom
Tumc Tamamad SeeZlo misTvis ebrZanebina, magram siyvarulis gamo amjobinebs, sTxovos. es Txovna me-10_me-12 muxlebSi gadmoicema. mociquli aq filimons onisimes miRebas
sTxovs, romelic man patimrobaSi `Sva~ da, romelic
odesRac misTvis ùxmar~ iyo. me-13_me-21 muxlebSi mociquls onisimes sasargeblo argumentebi mohyavs:
a) mociqulma imdenad Seiyvara mis mier moqceuli
onisime, rom TavisTan misi datovebac ki ganizraxa, rom
igi mas daxmareboda da momsaxureboda, magram Tavi
Seikava, raTa filimonis keTili saqme nebayoflobiTi
yofiliyo da ara _ iZulebiTi (mux. 13, 14);
b) onisimesa da filimonis ganSorebaSi mociquli RvTis gangebas xedavs, rameTu onisimes gaqcevam Sedegad
mociqulTan romSi misi Sexvedra da qristianobaze moqceva gamoiwvia. onisime TiTqosda imisTvis ganeSora batons droebiT, raTa Semdeg mas igi `saukunod~ mieRo,
magram ukve ara rogorc mona, aramed _ `sayuareli
Zma~ (mux. 15, 16);
------ 289 ------

g) wminda mociqulma imdenad Seiyvara mis mier moqceuli onisime, rom Tu filimoni pavle mociqulTan
urTierTobas ufrTxildeba, maSin man onisime imgvarad
unda miiRos, rogorc Tavad pavles miiRebda (mux. 17);
d) Tuki onisimem filimons raime materialuri ziani
miayena, mociquli hpirdeba mis anazRaurebas da ambobs,
rom filimoni misi movalea (`Tavica Seni Tana-gac
Cemda~), mxedvelobaSi aqvs is, rom warmarTobis warwymeduli gzidan igi wminda pavle mociqulis mier aris
moqceuli. aqedan askvnian, rom onisimem gaqurda Tavisi
batoni da naZarcvTan erTad gaiqca. Tuki mociquli
ubralod sTxovda filimons, rom onisimesTvis epatiebina, magram anazRaurebas ar SesTavazebda, saxarebis arakeTilmosurneebs SeeZloT eTqvaT: ai, igi saxarebas da
sarwmunoebas cxovrebiseuli miznebis misaRwevad iyenebs;
filimoni sarwmunoebaze moaqcia da axla misgan iTxovs,
rom misi gamZarcveli mona ukan miiRos da naZarcvic
ar mosTxovos. ase rom ar ilaparakon da saxarebasa da
sarwmunoebas Crdili ar miadges, amitom me ar geubnebi, _ wers mociquli, _ rom radganac Sen TavisTavad
Cemi movale xar, amitom apatio damnaSave monas, aramed
piriqiT, gpirdebi, rom misgan moyenebul mTel zarals
aginazRaureb da gTxov, rogorc wyalobas, rom igi
keTilganwyobiT miiRo. maS, ratom wers mainc mociquli
ase: ìgi me Semiracxe~? wminda ioane oqropiri ase ganmartavs: `sityvebs: me gadavixdi; ai, Sen xelwerili, _
filimonis sulSi SesaZloa, usiamovno azri warmoeSva,
kerZod, rom mociquli ar endoba mas, ar swams, rom igi
aseTi saTnoebis SemZlebelia, rom SeuZlia uangarod
apatios onisimes. aseTi azris uarsayofad mociquli
------ 290 ------
winaswari cnebebi
TiTqosda eubneba mas: ar ifiqro, rom me SenSi darwmunebuli ar var. gana, me ar vici, rom Sen Tavadac ici
rom Cemi movale xar? sakmarisia erTi sityva giTxra da
darwmunebuli var, Sen yovelives gaakeTeb~.
e) TavisTvis erTaderT jildod mociquli iTxovs
Tavisi gulis damSvidebas onisimesTvis (`ganusuene
nawlevTa CemTa qristes mier~ _ mux. 20) da imeds
gamoTqvams, rom filimoni amaze metsac gaakeTebs. àmiT
igi filimons Seagonebs: Tuki me giyvarvar, Tuki Cemi
gulis simSvidisTvis zrunav, miiRe, Seiwynare igi da
amiT Cemi guli daamSvide, rameTu amis gareSe is ar
damSviddeba. Tuki amas Cem gamo ar gaakeTeb, gaakeTe
qristesTvis; uflis mimarT iyav mowyale da ara Cem mimarT~ (episkoposi Teofane). am sityvebiT: ùwyi, rameTu
romlisaTKs-ese getyK, hyoca~, _ mociqulma filimonSi
yovelgvari winaaRmdegoba gadasZlia (mux. 20-21).
filimonis mimarT epistole naTlad adasturebs imas,
rom qristes eklesia codvisgan adamianis gaTavisuflebisas adamianTa urTierTobebSi Zaladobriv SeRwevas ar
axdens, samoqalaqo da saxelmwifo wyobas Tavs ar esxmis,
aramed qristianuli ideebis zegavleniT sazogadoebrivi
wesrigis gaumjobesebas moTminebiT elodeba. aramxolod
am epistoledan, aramed sxvebidanac, romlebic adre gavarCieT, Cans, rom eklesia, romelsac, ra Tqma unda, ar
SeeZlo, rom monobisTvis TanaegrZno, amave dros mas
ar auqmebda da monebs batonebisadmi morCilebasac ki
avaldebulebda. amitom aqac qristianul sarwmunoebaze
onisimes moqcevam igi codvisgan gaaTavisufla da RvTis sasufevlis Svilad aqcia, Tumca ar gaaTavisufla,
rogorc mona, Tavisi batonis Zalauflebisagan. onisime
------ 291 ------

filimons unda daubrundes imis miuxedavad, rom mociqulma igi SviliviT Seiyvara da romSi patimrobaSi
myofi mis samsaxurs saWiroebda. samoqalaqo kanonebisadmi mociqulis pativiscema agreTve imaSi Cans, rom
mas SeeZlo filimonisTvis onisimes patieba ebrZanebina,
magram amis nacvlad, igi mas damnaSave da monanuli
monis Sewyalebas sTxovs. mociqulis sityvebi: `TKnier
cnobisa Senisa ara vinebe yofad~ (mux. 14), cxadad
mianiSnebs, rom qristianobas kacobrioba piradi srulyofilebisa da sazogadoebrivi wes-wyobilebis gaumjobesebisaken mihyavs WeSmaritad Zmobis, Tanasworobisa
da Tavisuflebis sawyisebiT; ara Zaladobrivi qmedebebisa da gadatrialebebis gziT, aramed _ mSvidobiani
darwmunebisa da zneobrivi zemoqmedebis gavleniT.
epistole bolosityvaobiT mTavrdeba, sadac pavle
mociquli filimons misTvis binis momzadebas sTxovs,
radgan male gaTavisuflebis imedi aqvs. amasTanave,
mokiTxvas uTvlis pavles mokavSire epafrasgan, romelic misi patimrobis mwuxarebas masTan erTad iziarebda.
agreTve saxarebis qadagebis saqmeSi misi TanaSemweebis _
markozis, aristarqosis, demasisa da lukasgan. gadmocemiT cnobilia, rom filimonma onisime gaaTavisufla da
ukan, wminda pavlesTan gauSva. SemdgomSi igi makedoniis
beriis episkoposi iyo da romSi imperator traianes
dros mowameobrivad aResrula. misi xseneba 15 Tebervals (Zv. st.) aRiniSneba.
------ 292 ------
winaswari cnebebi
epistole ebraelTa mimarT

epistoles avtoris Sesaxeb. pavle mociqulis epistoleTa rigSi bolo adgili ebraelTa mimarT epistoles uWiravs. misi aseTi mdgomareobis mizezi gviandeli warmomavloba an naklebi Rirseba rodia, aramed
eWvi, romelic garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi arsebobda, TiTqosda, am epistoles damweri mociquli ar iyo.
es eWvebi gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom epistoles dasawyisSi ar aris pavle mociqulisaTvis Cveuli zedwarwera (epigrafi) misi saxelis miTiTebiT, ar aris mimarTva da misalmeba im eklesiis dasaxelebiT, romelsac es
epistole miemarTeba. zogjer aRmoaCendnen xolme, rom
epistoles leqsikac gansxvavebulia pavles sxva epistoleTa leqsikisagan. amas garda, mravali Zveli mowmoba,
rogorcaa magaliTad, wminda klimenti romaelisa, wmindanTa _ egnatesi, polikarpesi, iustine wamebulisa, irineos lionelisa, _ mxolod epistoles uZvelesobasa da
mis samociqulo warmomavlobaze saubrobs, magram, misi
damweris saxels ar asaxelebs. origenes mohyavs mosazrebebi, romlebiTac es epistole xan klimenti romaels
miewereba, xan luka maxarebels, xan wminda barnabas,
xan apolos aleqsandriels, magram, amasTan, igi gadawyvetiT askvnis: `Tuki Cveni eklesia ebraelTa mimarT
epistoles pavlesad miiCnevs, dae, aseve irwmunos yvelam,
rameTu Zvelebma umizezod rodi gadmogvces es epistole, rogorc pavle mociqulis Semoqmedeba~ (evsebi
kesarieli, saekl. ist. VI, 25). aRmosavleTis eklesiebi
yovelTvis eTanxmeboda origenes azrs da mxolod ari------ 293 ------

anelebi miiCnevdnen nayalbevad ebraelTa mimarT epistoles. dasavleTSi piriqiT, didxans SehqondaT eWvi am
epistoles namdvilobaSi da mxolod netari avgustines
gavleniT, iponis krebaze (393 w.), is pavle mociqulis danarCen 13 epistoles miuerTes. luTeris droidan
uaryofiTi kritika kvlav cdilobda gaRviZebina eWvi,
TiTqos es epistole wminda pavles ar ekuTvnoda.
daeWvebulTa yvelaze mniSvnelovani argumenti aris is,
rom pavle mociquli epistoles dasawyisSi Tavis saxels
ar miuTiTebs, rogorc Cveulebriv amas akeTebs xolme,
magram amis Zalze safuZvlian axsnas jer kidev ganTqmuli aleqsandriuli skolis ufrosi pantenosi iZleoda
(191 weli). epistole miemarTeba ebraelebs, romelnic
pavle mociquls yovelTvis eWviT umzerdnen da vis mimarTac TviTon pavle _ rogorc winadaucveTelTaTvis
mowodebuli mociquli _ Tavs mociqulad ar miiCnevda
(galat. 1, 16; 2, 7; rom. 11, 13) da am saxels mxolod
ufal ieso qristes akuTvnebda (ebr. 3, 1; Sdr. maT. 15,
24). pavle SesaZloa, ufrTxoda imas, rom ebraelebi mis
epistoles ar waikiTxavdenen, Tuki pirvelive sityvebidan gaigebdnen, rom mis mier iyo dawerili. leqsikaSi
gansxvavebebis argumenti nakleb damajerebelia: imave
pirebs, romelTac zogjer es epistole miewereboda,
mraval mosazrebaTa gamo, ar SeiZleba, is ekuTvnodes.
amasTan, detaluri gamokvlevisas SeuZlebelia, ar
vaRiaroT, rom ebraelTa mimarT mTeli epistole pavle
mociqulis suliT aris ganmsWvaluli: igive swavleba
Zvel aRTqmasTan axali aRTqmis upiratesobaze, igive
azrebi, igive saxeebi, damaxasiaTebeli gamoTqmebic ki.
mravali gamoTqma SesaniSnavad emTxveva im gamoTqmebs,
------ 294 ------
winaswari cnebebi
romlebic pavle mociqulis sxva epistoleebSi gvxvdeba
(SedarebisaTvis, ebr. 10, 1 da kol. 2, 17; ebr. 7, 18-19
da rom. 8, 3; ebr. 9, 15; da 2kor. 3, 6; ebr. 1, 3 da
kol. 1, 15 da fil. 2, 6 da mravali sxva). me-10, 34-e
da me-13, me-19 muxlebSi igi Tavisi patimrobis Sesaxeb
ixsenebs; 13, 23-Si timoTes Zmas uwodebs; 13, 29-Si italiel ZmaTa saxeliT mokiTxvas uTvlis; 13, 19-Si iTxovs
locvebs Tavis gaTavisuflebisaTvis. epistole mTavrdeba pavle mociqulisaTvis Cveuli kurTxeviT: `madli
uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi Tquen yovelTa Tana~,
romelsac pavle mociquli 2 Tes. 3, 17-18-Si TviTon
gvTavazobs, rom miviRoT is, rogorc misi epistoles
namdvilobis niSani.
aseve, unda gvaxsovdes, rom miuxedavad damweris
vinaobis mimarT eWvebisa, eklesiis mier TviT epistole
yovelTvis miiCneoda kanonikurad da RvTivsulierad.
amis Sesaxeb swavleba asaxulia mociqulTa 85-e kanonSi, laodikiis krebis me-60 kanonSi da qristianobis
pirveli saukuneebis mamebis moZRvrebebSi, romelnic
am epistoledan axdenen citirebas da moixsenieben mas,
rogorc RvTisuliersa da didad avtoritetuls. meore
saukunis asurul TargmanSi (peSito), ebraelTa mimarT
epistole pavle mociqulis sxva epistoleTa ricxvSia
dasaxelebuli. am epistoles pavlesad miiCnevdnen wmindanebi: aTanase didi, kirile ierusalimeli, epifane
kvipreli, basili didi, grigol RvTismetyveli, grigol
noseli, ioane oqropiri da netari Teodorite. mniSvnelovania petre mociqulis mowmoba, romelic gafantulobaSi myof ebraelebs (diasporebs) wers, rom igive
miswera maT sayvarelma Zmam pavlem (2 pet. 3, 15).
------ 295 ------

TviT epistoleSi aRniSnuli ar aris, Tu kerZod
vis mimarT aris is dawerili. magram misi Sinaarsi
naTlad miuTiTebs, rom dawerilia ebraelTa mimarT.
amis Sesaxeb, zogadad, gadmocemac mowmobs. sakiTxavi
isaa, Tu uSualod romel ebraelTa mimarT daiwera
es epistole, morwmuneebisTvis Tu sarwmunoebisaTvis
ucxoTa, palestineli Tu diasporis ebraelebis mimarT?
pirveli Tavebis mixedviT, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom es
epistole saerTod yvela ebraels miemarTeba, magram
mexuTe Tavidan gvxvdeba miniSnebebi, rom mociqulis
sityva mimarTulia ukve qristes mowame ebraelebisadmi,
romelTac didi xania swamT (5, 12), bevri umsaxuriaT da
emsaxurebian wmindanebs, anu amis saWiroebis mqone qristianebs (6, 10), da bevric evnen sarwmunoebisaTvis (10,
32-34). es gansakuTrebiT bolosityvaobidan Cans (13, 18
da Semdgom). rogorc Zveli, ise axali ganmmarteblebis
umravlesoba im azrisaken ixreba, rom es epistole yvela qristes morwmune ebraels ki ara, aramed uSualod
ierusalimel da palestinel ebraelebs miemarTeba. amis
mtkicebuleba SeiZleba iyos is, rom pavle mociquli
maTi male xilvis imeds gamoTqvams, visac epistoles
swers (13, 23); agreTve is, rom wminda pavle aqebs maT,
rom ìavaris-yofaY igi monagebTa TqvenTaY sixaruliT SeiwynareT~ (10, 34). es ìavaris-yofaY monagebTa~
(qonebis dataceba) im palestinel ebraelTa fanatizmis
Sedegi iyo, vinc qriste ar irwmuna. mociqulis msgavsi
dawvrilebiTi saubari taZrisa da iudauri RvTismsaxurebis Sesaxeb, imis aSkara ganzraxviT, rom ZvelaRTqmiseuli Cveulebebisadmi mkiTxvelebis brma mijaWvuloba
Seasustos, agreTve imis sasargeblod metyvelebs, rom
------ 296 ------
winaswari cnebebi
epistole ierusalimel ebraelebs miemarTeba, romlebSic ZvelaRTqmiseul taZarTan siaxlovis gamo mTeli
mdidari ZvelaRTqmiseuli Cveulebebis momxibvleloba
gansakuTebiT Zlieri iyo.
epistoles daweris mizezi da mizani. ebraelTa mimarT epistoles daweris mizezi gaxda morwmune ebraelTa kvlav iudevelobaze miqceva da qristianebTan erTad
samlocvelo Sekrebebze uaris Tqma (10, 25). es iyo Sedegi
ebrael qristianTaTvis im Zalze Zneli gadawyvetilebis
miRebisa, rom mTlianad ganeSorebinaT azri ZvelaRTqmiseuli kanonis mniSvnelobisa da aucileblobis Sesaxeb,
da fuWi ocneba miwieri ierusalimis mefis saxiT mesiis
mosvlisa. maSin, roca palestinis gareT mcxovrebi qristiani ebraelebi TandaTan erwymodnen warmarTobidan
mosul qristianebs da Tavis viwro-erovnul Tvisebebs
da mesiis Sesaxeb fuW ocnebebs Tmobdnen, palestineli
qristianebi ver uZaliandebodnen sul ufro aRmaval
saerTo-iudaur nacionalizms, romelic bolos iudevelTaTvis damRupvel ajanyebaSi gadaizarda romis imperiis winaaRmdeg, _ rac ierusalimisa da taZris dangreviT dasrulda. mRvdelmTavar ananias dros, uflis
Zmis _ iakobis mokvlis Semdeg, palestinis iudevelebma
gansakuTrebulad sastiki omi gamoucxades qristianobas
iudeaSi: iseTi daundobeli devna daiwyo, rom mravalma
suliT sustma qristianma qristianuli sakrebuloebi miatova da iudaurs miaSura (10, 25).
rodesac amis Sesaxeb Seityo, pavle mociqulma dawera Tavisi epistole im mizniT, rom axali aRTqmis didi
upiratesoba eCvenebina Zvelis winaSe, romelsac mxolod
------ 297 ------
àCrdili aqunda ... mermeTa maT keTilTaY~ (10, 1),

raTa gaemxnevebina palestineli qristianebi mwuxarebaTa daTmenisaTvis sarwmunoebisaTvis devnis pirobebSi
_ Zveli aRTqmis marTalTa magaliTebis dasaxelebiT (me11_me-12 Tavi) da mieTiTebina qristianuli sarwmunoebisagan ganvardnis saSinel Sedegebze (10, 28-31). miuxedavad imisa, rom wminda pavle warmarTTa mociquli iyo
da ara ebraelebisa, uflisadmi da Tavisi erisadmi mxurvale siyvarulma (rom. 9, 3) aRZra igi am epistoles
dasawerad, raTa Tavisi Tanamemamuleni aeridebina im
gzisagan, romliTac isini vidodnen.
rac Seexeba enas, romelzec ebraelTa mimarT epistolea dawerili, Tumc zogi dasavleli mama miiCnevs, rom
is Tavdapirvelad ebraulad iyo dawerili da mxolod
Semdeg iTargmna berZnulad, _ TiTqosda, wminda lukas an
klimenti romaelis mier (am azrs gansakuTrebiT romaelkaTolikeni emxrobian), _ magram ebraul teqsts Cvenamde ar
mouRwevia, mxolod berZnulma moaRwia. ebrauli teqstis
arseboba saeWvoa, radgan Tanamedrove berZnul teqstSi
Zveli aRTqmis yvela citata yovelTvis 70-Ta (`septuaginta~) Targmanidan aris moyvanili. unda gvaxsovdes, rom
wminda pavlesTvis berZnuli TiTqmis mSobliuri ena iyo,
radgan igi kilikiis tarsusSi daibada, romelic Tavisi
berZnuli (elinuri) ganaTlebiT iyo cnobili.
epistoles daweris dro da adgili. epistoledan
Cans, rom is ierusalimis dangrevamdea dawerili, rameTu
mociquli masSi ierusalimis taZarsa da iq aRsrulebul
RvTismsaxurebaze wers. taZari rom ukve dangreuli yofiliyo, mociquli amis Sesaxeb saubars gverds ar auvl------ 298 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ida. epistoles daweris adgili cxadad Cans mociqulis
sityvidan: `gikiTxuen Tqven, romelni arian italiaYT~ (13, 24). Sesabamisad, mociquli italiaSi imyofeboda, savaraudod romSi, sadac misi sxva epistoleebic
daiwera. wminda pavle romSi orjer iyo da orjerve
_ patimrobaSi. ebraelTa mimarT epistoleSic igi ixseniebs Tavis patimrobas, magram ukve rogorc ganvlils:
`rameTu krulebaTa maT CemTaTvs gelmoda~ (10, 34).
13, 19-Si mociquli imeds gamoTqvams, rom male Sexvdeba
maT, visac swers, xolo 13, 23-Si pirdapir ambobs: ìciT
timoTe, ZmaY Cueni, romeli mivavline, romlisa Tana,
adre Tu movides, gixilne Tquen.~ am sityvebidan cxadia, rom epistole pavle mociquls pirveli patimrobidan gaTavisuflebisTanave dauweria, an gaTavisuflebamde mcire xniT adre _ 63 an 64 wels.
epistoles Sinaarsi da misi dayofa. ebraelTa mimarT pavle mociqulis epistole camet Tavs Seicavs.
sxva epistoleTagan gansxvavebiT, mas arc Sesavali aqvs
da arc winasityvaoba. is pirdapir dogmaturi nawilis
gadmocemiT iwyeba. pavles sxva epistoleTa msgavsad,
masSi ori nawilia: 1) dogmaturi nawili _ pirveli
Tavidan me-10 Tavis me-18 muxlamde da 2) zneobrivsamoZRvro me-10 Tavis me-19 muxlidan me-13 Tavis me-17
muxlamde, Semdeg ki modis bolosityvaoba _ 13, 18-25.
epistoles egzegetikuri garCeva. pirveli Tavi
mTlianad eZRvneba ufali ieso qristes _ rogorc axali
aRTqmis meoxis _ upiratesobas angelozTa winaSe da
is TiTqosda mociqulis azris Sesavali nawilia: Zveli
------ 299 ------

aRTqmis winaSe axali aRTqmis upiratesobis Sesaxeb.
Zveli aRTqmis rjuli adamianebs angelozTa da moses
saSualebiT mieca, axali aRTqmisa ki _ ieso qristes
mier. amitom mociquli miznad isaxavs, rom TviT Zveli
aRTqmis wminda werilis safuZvelze daumtkicos ebraelebs, rom qriste angelozebzec (pirveli da me-2 Tavebi) da mosezec maRla dgas (me-3 da me-4 Tavebi).
epistole iwyeba sityvebiT: `mravliT kerZo da
mravliT saxiT maSinve RmerTi etyoda mamaTa winaswarmetyuelTa mier, xolo ukanaYsknelTa amaT dReTa
metyoda Cuen Zisa mier TKsisa, romeli-igi daadgina
mkKdrad yovelTa, romlisaganca Seqmnna saukuneni~
(1, 1-2), _ am gamoTqmis Sinaarsi aseTia: `ramdenadac
saqme sarwmunoebas exeba, WeSmariti sarwmunoeba ki
mxolod RmerTma SeiZleba gvaswavlos, amitom misgan
iwyebs Tavis sityvas mociquli. Zveladac sarwmunoebas
RmerTi gvaswavlida da axlac igi gvaswavlis. magram,
maSin igi amas winaswarmetyvelTa saSualebiT akeTebda axla ki _ Tavisi Zis mier~ (episkoposi Teofane).
winaswarmetyvelTa gamocxadebebis mravalgzisoba da
mravalferovneba maT (gamocxadebaTa) naklulovanebaze
(dausruleblobaze) migviTiTebs. mTlianad da srulyofilad ki sarwmunoebis WeSmariti swavleba Ze RvTisas
saSualebiT mogveca, romelic mama-RmerTma `daadgina
mkKdrad yovelTa~, ese igi, mas yovelive gadasca, yovelives xelmwifed aqcia, aramxolod RvTaebrivad, rac
mas adrec hqonda, aramed kacobrivadac, rogorc TviT
ufalma ieso qristem uTxra mociqulebs Tavisi aRdgomis
Semdeg: `momeca me yoveli xelmwifebaY caTa Sina da
queyanasa zeda~ (maT. 28, 18). `yovelive gadacemulia
------ 300 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ufali-macxovris xelSi ganxorcielebuli gangebulebis
miznis misaRwevad, raTa yvela zeciuri da miwieri Zalebi am erTisaken mimarTos da Tavis irgvliv Sekribos
yvela, vinc cxondeba~ (episkoposi Teofane).
`romlisaganca Seqmnna saukuneni~ _ aq Ze RvTisas maradiulobazea saubari. àm sityvebiT mociqulma
Ze RvTisas RmrTeebriobaze mianiSna, vinaidan Seqmnis
unari, absuluturi gagebiT, mxolod RmerTs aqvs da
maradiulobac saRvTo Tvisebaa~ (netari Teodorite
kvireli).
`romeli-igi ars brwyinvalebai didebisai da xati
Zlierebisa misisai, utKrTvan yovelnive sityKTa miT
Zlierebisa misisaiYTa, Tavisa TKsisa ganwmedai codvaTa CuenTai yo: da dajda igi marjueniT simdidresa missa maRalTa Sina~ (1, 3), _ es gansakuTrebuli
mniSvnelobis dogmaturi swavlebaa imis Sesaxeb, rom Ze
RvTisa aris mama-RmerTis arsebisa da pirovnebis usrulyofilesi da mTliani anarekli, anu igi mama RmerTis
Tanabari da erTarsia. mamis msgavsad, is aramxolod
Semoqmedia, aramed samyaros ganmgebelic, rameTu ùtKrTvan yovelniv sityKTa miT Zlierebisa misisaYTa.~
igi mRvdelmTavaricaa, rameTu Tavisi Tavi msxverplad
Seswira kacTa codvebis gamosasyidad. magram igive `dajda ... marjueniT simdidresa missa maRalTa Sina,~
riTac mis mier mirqmuli kacobrivi buneba yovelgvar
qmnilebaze zemoT aamaRla da ganaRmrTo.
pirveli Tavis Semdgom muxlebSi wminda pavle mociquls mTeli rigi citatebi mohyavs Zveli aRTqmidan,
ZiriTadad, fsalmunebidan, romelnic cxadad gviCvenebs
Ze RvTisas upiratesobas (vinc axali aRTqma mogvaniWa)
------ 301 ------

angelozTa winaSe. am gamonaTqvamebSi mesias Semdegi
saxelebi miekuTvneba:
1) arsebiTad, Ze RvTisas saxeli (mux. 5-6);
2) saxeli RvTisa, visi saydaric saukunoa (Tav. 7-8);
3) RvTis cxebulis saxeli, romelic yvela adamianze
(mefeebze, mRvdlebze da winaswarmetyvelebze) metad
cxebulia (mux. 9);
4) dasabamidan arsebuli da ucvleli, cisa da miwis
Semoqmedis saxeli, romelic saukunod iarsebebs (mux.
10-12);
5) RvTis marjveniT mjdomis saxeli, romlis ferxTa
winaSe yvela misi mteri daemxoba (mux. 13).
aseTia Zveli aRTqmis fuZemdeblis RmrTeebrivi
Rirseba. amasTan, angelozebi mxolod momsaxure (`moxarke~) sulebi arian, `msaxurebad movlinebul maTTKs,
romelTa-igi damkKdrebad ars cxorebaY~ (muxl. 14).
angelozTa msaxureba bunebis ZalTa msaxurebis msgavsia, rogorc, magaliTad, qarisa da cecxlis (muxl. 7).
Ze RvTisas ki kacobrivadac ukve ekuTvnis saRvTo xelmwifeba mTel samyaroze da RvTis angelozebi mas eTayvanebian. es Cven qristeSobis momentSi vixileT, roca angelozebma igalobes: `dideba maRalTa Sina RmerTsa~.
agreTve, gamomcdel eSmakze iesos gamarjvebis Semdeg,
roca angelozebi mieaxlnen da msaxurebdnen _ rogorc
sikvdilisa da jojoxeTis mZlevels; roca igi zecad
amaRlda; isini mas Tayvans scemen maSinac, rogorc cisa
da qveynis meufes, roca misi Tanmxlebni iqnebian ukanaskneli saSineli samsjavros dros (muxl. 6).
meore Tavi ganagrZobs imave azrs _ angelozTa winaSe Ze RvTisas upiratesobisa da, amis Sesabamisad,
------ 302 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Zveli aRTqmis winaSe axali aRTqmis upiratesobis Sesaxeb, mociquli ambobs, rom Tu angelozTa mier kacTaTvis gadacemuli Zveli aRTqmis rjuli mkacrad unda
yofiliyo daculi da misi darRveva isjeboda, miT umetes unda daisajos axali aRTqmis rjulis damrRvevi,
rameTu is uSualod uflis mier aris mocemuli (mux.
1-4). mociqulTa saqmeebis wignSi aseve naTqvamia, rom
Zveli aRTqmis rjuli miRebul iqna `brZanebisaebr angelozTaisa~ (saq. 7, 53. Sdr. gal. 3, 19). Zveli aRTqmis
wminda werilSi Cven ver vpoulobT miniSnebas imis Sesaxeb, rom saRvTo rjuli israelis ers angelozTa mier
gadascemodes. wminda ioane oqropiri varaudobs, rom
angelozebi eswrebodnen RvTis mier mosesTvis sinas
mTaze 10 mcnebis ficrebis gadacemas da es angelozebi,
visac RvTis rCeuli eri Cahbarda, sinas mTaze sayvirebis xmas gamoscemdnen da buruss da cecxls warmoqmnidnen. isini aseve monawileobas iRebdnen yoveliveSi,
rac Zvel aRTqmaSi iTqva da gakeTda. rogorc Cans, angelozTa am monawileobaze xsovna iudaur gadmocemaSi
iyo daculi.
`rameTu ara angelozTa daamorCila RmerTman
merme igi sofeli, romlisaTKs ese vityKT~ (mux. 5),
_ aq `merme igi sofelSi~ mesiis axlad gancxadebuli
sasufeveli, anu momavali cxovreba unda vigulisxmoT,
rogorc amas netari avgustine ganmartavs.
Semdgom muxlebSi (mux. 6-9) pavle mociquli mefsalmunis sityvebs, _ adamianis bunebrivi upiratesobis Sesaxeb masze daqvemdebarebuli miwieri qmnilebebis winaSe,
_ RmerTkac iesos miakuTvnebs, romelmac dacemuli kacobrivi buneba Tavis TavSi aRadgina da adamiani im
------ 303 ------

simaRlemde aRamaRla, romel simaRlisTvisac igi Tavdapirvelad iyo Seqmnili RvTis mier. es me-8 fsalmuni
saerTod winaswarmetyveluria, rameTu ufalma, ierusalimSi Tavisi sazeimo Sesvlis dros, swored iqidan
moiyvana sityvebi CvilTa da ZuZumwovarTa bageTa mier
aRvlenili qebis Sesaxeb (fs. 8, 3 da maT. 21, 16).
`xolo mcired raYme angelozTa daklebulad vxedavT iesus vnebaTa miT sikudilisaYTa da didebiTa
da pativiTa gKrgKnosansa, raYTa madliTa RvTisaYTa
yovlisaveTKs ixilos gemoY sikudilisaY~ (mux. 9) _
aq sityvaSi _ `daklebulad~ iesos jvarcma da sikvdili
unda vigulisxmoT (Sdr. esaia, 53, 3). es mxolod droebiTi damcireba iyo _ `mcired raime~, romelmac Semdeg
TviT uflis kacobrivi bunebac ganadida da yovelive
qmnilebaze aRamaRla. TviT mociquli am damcirebas im
azriT ganmartavs, rom kacTa mimarT RvTis siyvarulma
gamoiwvia is, rom man yvelasaTvis igema `gemoY sikudilisaY~.
me-10 muxlSi mociquli ieso qristes sikvdilis sacdurs ukuagdebs: `rameTu Se-ve misa-hgvanda, romlisaTKs ars yoveli da romlisagan ars yoveli,
romelman mravalni Svilni didebad moiyvanna, da
winamZRuari igi cxovrebisa CuenisaY vnebiTa srul
yofad~. es niSnavs, rom Cveni cxovrebis winamZRvars _
qristes zustad iseTive vnebis gza unda gaevlo, romliTac codvili adamianebi unda wasuliyvnen TviTon
macxovris gareSe, rom SesZlebodaT im didebamde miRweva, risTvisac isini RmerTma Seqmna.
`rameTu gamwmedeli igi da ganwmedilni igi erTisagan arian yovelni, romlisaTKsca ara hrcxvenis
------ 304 ------
winaswari cnebebi
Zmad wodebaY maTi~ (me-11 muxli). azri aq isaa, rom Cveni codvebis gamomsyidveli qristes mier kacTa cxoneba
SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod imis Sedegad, rom qristem
Cveni adamianuri buneba miiRo. ufali ieso qristesa da
mis mier gamosyidul adamianTa bunebis erTianobis, anu
kacobrivad maTi Zmobis Sesaxeb azrs pavle mociquli
mefsalmunis sityvebze dayrdnobiT ganamtkicebs (fs.
21, 23. Sdr. esaia, 8, 17-18), raTa igi ebraelTaTvis
ufro damajerebeli gaxados.
`rameTu yrmaTaca eziara PorciTa da sisxliTa,
da Tavad-man msgavsad moiRo maTive, raiTa sikudiliTa miT ganaqarvos, romlisa-igi Pelmwifebai aqunda
sikudilisai, ese igi ars eSmaki. da ganaTavisuflnes
eseni, raodenni SiSiTa sikudilisaiTa samaradisod
cxorebad Tana-mdeb iyvnes kirTebisa~ (2, 14-15), _
`yrmebad~ aq yvela cxonebuli iwodeba, anu yvela mokvdavi adamiani. am gamonaTqvamis azri isaa, rom qristem
eSmakis dasamarcxeblad, romelmac adamianebi sikvdils
daumorCila, sikvdilis SiSis gasanadgureblad TviTon,
Cven msgavsad, miiRo `sisxli da xorci~, anu mokvdavi kacobrivi buneba. `msgavsad moiRo~. am sityvebiT
mwvalebel doketTa sicrue imxileba, romlebic amboben, ufal ieso qristes mxolod moCvenebiTad hqonda
adamianuri bunebao.
`rameTu arasadaYT angelozTaYT iwyo, aramed
naTesavisagan abrahamisa iwyo~ (2, 16), _ Ze RvTisam
Tavis Tavze miiRo ara angelozebrivi buneba, aramed kacobrivi, msgavsi imisa, romelic abraamis STamomavlebs
hqondaT. aq mociqulis wina msjelobasTan kavSiria,
angelozTa winaSe ieso qristes upiratesobis Sesaxeb.
------ 305 ------

uflis damdablebas TviT saqmis arsi moiTxovda: igi miwaze angelozTa ki ara, adamianTa sacxoneblad movida
da amitomac Tavis Tavze angelozTa buneba ki ara,
umdablesi _ adamianuri buneba miiRo. magram es kacobrivi buneba, uflis amaRlebis Semdeg, angelozTa
winaSe iqna amaRlebuli, rameTu saRvTo didebas eziara
da mama-RmerTis marjveniT dajda. gaxda ra bunebiT
Cveni _ uZluri adamianebis _ msgavsi, qriste Cvens
mRvdelmTavrad iqmna, romelmac Tavis Tavze kacobrivi
bunebis uZlurebani gamoscada da ramdenadac mTlianad
TanaugrZnobda Cvens uZlurebebs, mas yvelaze ukeT SeeZlo kacobriobis gamosyidvis diadi saqme aResrulebina
(2, 17, 18). rameTu am muxlebSi (2, 11-18) saubaria Ze
RvTisas gankacebaze, agreTve qristes gamomsyidvelobiT
sikvdilze. es adgilebi ikiTxeba RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnil zogierT dResaswaulze (xarebaze da yovladwmida RvTismSoblis krebaze) da didi (`wiTeli~) paraskevis me-6 Jamze.
mesame TavSi mociquli, ebraeli eris winamZRol mosesTan SedarebiT, qristes upiratesobaze saubrobs.
ufali ieso qriste moseze maRlaa upirveles yovlisa
imitom, rom igi saxlis ganmgebelia, mose ki, mxolod
am saxlis erTguli msaxuri. am `saxlSi~ Zveli aRTqmis
eklesia igulisxmeba (3, 1-6).
mociquli Semdeg ixsenebs imas, Tu rogor xSirad
drtvinavdnen ebraelebi RmerTze udabnoSi TavianTi
40-wliani mogzaurobis dros, Tu rogor ganurisxda
maT RmerTi da rogor ificeboda igi, rom isini ver
Sevidodnen mis gansasvenebelSi, anu aRTqmul qveyanaSi
(3, 7-11). am yovelives mociquli 94-e fsalmunis si------ 306 ------
winaswari cnebebi
tyvebiT ambobs. igi am uaryofiTi istoriuli magaliTiT sargeblobs da qristianebs afrTxilebs, rom msgavsad ar gaiqvavon gulebi da RvTis risxva ar daitexon, rogorc odesRac ebraelebma _ udabnoSi, raTa
aRTqmul gansasvenebels ar moakldnen, romelSic axal
aRTqmaSi umaRlesi sulieri gansasvenebeli igulisxmeba,
romelTan SedarebiTac Zveli aRTqmis qanaanis miwa mxolod Soreuli anareklia. axali aRTqmis israelisTvis samagaliTo unda iyvnen moses drois is mtkice da
suliT Zlieri kacebi, romlebsac mTeli ormocwliani
mwirobis ganmavlobaSi sarwmunoeba ar daukargavT da
ar uwuwuniaT, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, isu naves Ze
(mux. 16).
meoTxe TavSi im umaRles sulier gansasvenebelzea
saubari, romelsac is qristianebi daimkvidreben, visac
sarwmunoeba da sasoeba ar SeryeviaT. Tumca Zveli
ebraelebi, aRTqmis miuxedavad, gansasvenebel miwaze
ver Sevidnen TavianTi urwmunoebisa da RvTis winaSe
drtvinvis gamo. sxva morwmuneni ki, saxeldobr, axali
aRTqmis qristianebi, RvTis am aRTqmiT isargebleben, rameTu RmerTma axal aRTqmaSi sxva `SabaToba~ daniSna, anu
gansvenebis sxva dRe, roca axali saRvTo eri, qristianebi, mis gansasvenebelSi Sevlen. mociquli qristianebs
Seagonebs, rom ecadon am sulier gansasvenebelSi Sesvlas, amisaTvis ki RmerTs ar unda eurCon (4, 1-11).
gafrTxilebas mociquli imaze afuZnebs, rom urCebisa da mdrtvinvelTa winaaRmdeg muqara RmerTis bageTagan gamodis: `rameTu cxovel ars sityuaY RvTisaY
da Zlier, da umkueTeles ufroYs yovlisa maxKlisa
orpirisa: da miswuTebis igi vidre gansayofelad------ 307 ------
mde samSKnvelisa da sulisa, nawevarTa da tKnTa,

da ganmkiTxvel gonebaTa da zraxvaTa gulisaTa.
da araraY ars dabadebuli dafarul winaSe missa,
aramed yovelive SiSuel da qeddadrekil ars winaSe
TualTa misTa, romlisaTKs ars sityuaY ese Cueni~
(4, 12, 13). am gamoTqmis azri aris is, rom RvTis sityva
cocxali da qmediTia, ese igi, Seusrulebeli ar darCeba: iZleva imas, rasac aRgviTqvams da akeTebs imas, riTac gvemuqreba. RmerTis sityvis mrisxane da damsjeli
Zala orlesul maxvilTan aris Sedarebuli, romelic
Suaze Wris damnaSaves. aq mniSvnelovania adamianis bunebis samnawiledobaze miniSneba (suli, samSvinveli, sxeuli), romelic pavle mociqulTan sxva adgilasac (1
Tes. 5, 23) gvxvdeba.
me-4 Tavis me-14 muxlidan iwyeba saubari ieso
qristeze, rogorc did mRvdelmoZRvarze da cxaddeba
misi upiratesoba ZvelaRTqmiseul mRvdelmTavrebTan
SedarebiT.
am Tavis ukanasknel (14-16) muxlebSi mocemulia
Tema, anu mTavari sagani dogmatur-zneobrivi gansjisa qristes mRvdelmoZRvrobaze, `mivis Cuen mRdelTmoZRuari didi, romelman ganvlna cani, iesu, Ze
RvTisaY, SevikrZaloT aRsarebaY igi marTl. rameTu
ara egeviTari gKvis mRdelTmoZRuari, romelimca
ver SemZlebel iyo Sewyalebad uZlurebaTa CuenTa,
gamocdili yovliTave msgavsebiTa, TKnier codvisa.
am sityvebiT mTeli rigi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani
azria gadmocemuli.
jer erTi, ieso qriste didi mRvdelmTavaria, erTaderTi da yvela sxva mRvdelmTavarze amaRlebuli; meore,
------ 308 ------
winaswari cnebebi
man ganvlo cani, anu TviT RmerTis winaSe gamocxadda,
maSin, roca, Zveli aRTqmis mRvdelmTavrebs mxolod
weliwadSi erTxel SeeZloT wmidaTa wmidaSi Sesvla,
romelic mxolod RvTis didebis gamovlenis adgili iyo;
mesame, ieso qriste aris Ze RvTisa, maSin, roca, sxva
mRvdelmTavrebi mxolod Cveulebrivi mokvdavi adamianebi iyvnen; meoTxe, ieso qriste didi mRvdelmTavaria,
romelic, miuxedavad Tavisi miuwvdomeli didebisa,
`SemZlebel iyo Sewyalebad uZlurebaTa CuenTa~, da
romelic yoveliveSi gamocdili iyo, `TKnier codvisa.
amitom, askvnis mociquli, `mouPdeT ukue gancxadebulad saydarTa mas madlisasa~, romelzedac ase amaRlebuli, magram amave dros CvenTvis ase misawvdomi da
Cveni TanagrZnobis SemZle didi mRvdelmTavari zis.
mexuTe TavSi mociquli ZvelaRTqmiseul mRvdlobas
(aaronis wesiT) qristes mRvdelTmTavrobas (`wessa mas
zeda melqisedekissa) adarebs. Zveli aRTqmis adamianTagan arCeuli yoveli mRvdelmTavris ZiriTadi damaxasiaTebeli niSani iyo is, rom adamianTa gamo `dadgis
igi RvTisa mimarT, raYTa Seswirvides SesawiravTa
da msxuerplTa codvaTaTKs SendobiT~, da ara mxolod sxvebisTvis, aramed TavisTvisac, radgan TviTon
masac `zeda-aac uZlurebai. amitom mRvdelmTavris
pativi mas ara Tavisi Tavisgan, aramed aucileblad
RvTisgan unda mieRo, rogorc aaronma miiRo (5, 1-4).
yvela am ZiriTad Tvisebas Cven qristeSi vxedavT, rogorc WeSmarit mRvdelmTavarSi. Tavisi samRvdelmTavro mowodeba qristem uSualod TviT RmerTisagan miiRo, rasac mociquli ebraelTaTvis mefsalmunis damajerebeli sityvebiT amtkicebs: `Ze Cemi xari
------ 309 ------
Sen, me dRes miSobie Sen~ (fs. 2, 7), agreTve: `Sen

xar mRdel ukunisamde wessa mas zeda melqisedekissa (fs. 109; 4). xolo is, rom qriste Cven msgavsad,
kacobrivi uZlurebis Tanaziari iyo, Cans sityvebidan:
`viTarca-igi dReTa maT PorcTa misTasa vedrebasa
da locvasa SemZlebelisa mis mimarT Psnad misa sikudilisagan PmiTa maRliTa da cremliTa Seswirvida~ (5, 7). aq igulisxmeba qristes locva geTsamaniis
baRSi, roca igi mama-RmerTs sTxovda, misTvis tanjvis
fiala aecilebina.
`da Seismina misi moSiSebisa misgan~, Seismina
ara im azriT, rom sikvdilisgan ixsna, rameTu igi nebayoflobiT movida sasikvdilod, aramed im azriT, rom
zeciurma mamam angelozi mouvlina, romelmac tanjvis
RvawlisaTvis ganamtkica igi (luk. 22, 43).
`da rameTu ZeRa iyo, iswava, vinaiTgan igi ivno
morCilebai~, _ am sityvebiT qristes mRvdlobazea
miniSnebuli: qristes vnebani jvarze adamianTaTvis im
did da momalbobel msxverplad gamoCnda, romlis winasaxec Zveli aRTqmis mRvdelmTavarTa mier Sewiruli
mravalricxovani da araerTgzisi msxverpli iyo, `da
srul iqmna da eqmna yovelTa morCilTa misTa mizez
cxorebisa saukunoYsa (5, 9), jvarze vnebiT miaRwia
ra umaRles srulyofilebas (ra Tqma unda, Tavisi kacobrivi bunebiT), qriste yvela misi morCili adamianis
cxonebis mizezi gaxda, viTarca yovlis SemZle meoxi
maTTvis zecieri mamis saydris winaSe.
ase SeerTda ufal ieso qristes pirovnebaSi
mRvdelmTavris sami yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba:
saRvTo mowodeba, TanamgrZnobloba adamianTa mimarT _
------ 310 ------
winaswari cnebebi
maT bunebasTan Tanaziarebis gamo, da maTTvis RvTis winaSe samRvdelo Suamdgomloba (5, 5-10). dasasrul, mociquli sayvedurobs ebraelebs, rom isini Tavis fesvgadgmul iudaur cdomilebebSi ise gajiutdnen, rom aRar
ZaluZT, gaigon da miiRon mis (pavles) mier qadagebuli
mniSvnelovani swavleba qristes mRvdelmTavrobis Sesaxeb. RvTis mier ebraelTa gamorCevis drois mixedviT,
maT SeeZloT ukve maswavleblebi yofiliyvnen, magram
amis nacvlad, isini Cvilebs emsgavsebian, romelTac jer
kidev rZie sWirdebaT sazrdelad, anu mociquls uwevs
maTi qristianuli moZRvrebis sawyisebSi ganswavla (5,
11-14), TumcaRa pavle mociqulma ebraelebs sarwmunoebiT Cvilebi uwoda, romelTac myari saWmlis miReba
ar SeeZloT, magram man es mxolod sasayvedurod Tqva,
radgan, miaCnda, rom isini mainc moaxerxebdnen umaRlesi qristianuli swavlebis gagebasac. RmerTis SewevniT (mux. 3) mas imedi aqvs, rom gadalaxavs mTavar
dabrkolebas _ ebraelTa viwro erovnul crurwmenebs
da meeqvse Tavidan iwyebs amaRlebuli swavlebis gacxadebas ufal ieso qristeze, rogorc mRvdelmTavarze
`wessa mas zeda melqisedekissa (8, 6-mde). aq mociquli, upirveles yovlisa, naTlobis Semdeg sarwmunoebidan gandgomis codvis simZimeze da am ganumeorebel
saidumlos ganmeorebiT aRorZinebis (ganaxlebis) SeuZleblobaze saubrobs: `rameTu SeuZlebel ars erTgzis ganaTlebulTa maT, romelTa gemoY exilvos
niWTa maT zecisaTaY da ziarqmnul iyvnen sulisa
wmidisa da keTili gemoY exilvos sityKsa RvTisaY
da Zali igi mermisa mis saukunoYsaY da dacemulTa kualad ganaxlebaY sinanulad Tana-juar-cumad
------ 311 ------
TavTa maTTa Zesa RvTisasa da ganqiqebad~ (6, 4-6).

am sityvebiT naTlad Cans mociqulis miTiTeba yvelaze
saSinel codvaze, romelsac TviT ufali suliwmidis
gmobas uwodebs (maT. 12, 31).
es gaqvavebuli mounanieblobis, RvTis mimarT jiuti
winaaRmdegobis codvaa, romliTac eSmaki da masTan erTad yvela boroti suli scodavs, agreTve scodaven
sisastikiT maT mimsgavsebuli adamianebi, rogorebic
iyvnen, magaliTad, mwignobrebi da farisevlebi, romelnic qristes saswaulebs da mis sakvirvel moZRvrebas
TiTqosda ver xedavdnen, ar ismendnen, igi jvarcmamde
miiyvanes da jvarcmulsac ki lanZRavdnen. zemoT moyvanil sityvebSi miTiTebulia Tvisebebi, romelic iseT
adamianebs aqvT, romlebic sulieri srulyofis kibeze
maRla avidnen. aseTTaTvis dacema gansakuTrebiT mZimea
da kvlav moqceva _ uimedo. mociquli maT gafuWebul
niadags adarebs, mravalgzis mosul wvimas rom Seiwovs
da mainc mxolod nar-ekals da sarevelas aRmoacenebs.
aseTi miwa aris ùrgebi da wyevisa maxlobeli, romlisa ukuanaYskneli dasawuvelad arn~ (6, 7, 8). Tumca
mociquli imeds gamoTqvams, rom ebraelebi, romelTac
is swers, ukeTes mdgomareobaSi arian da mouwodebs
maT, rom cxonebisTvis moTminebiT iRvawon, _ msgavsad
abraamisa, romelmac `sarwmunoebiTa da sulgrZelebiTa~ daimkvidra aRTqmani, romelic mas RmerTma ficiT
aRuTqva (6, 9-12).
`rameTu kacTa ufroYsisa mimarT fucian, da yovlisa cilobisa maTisa dasasrulsa dasamtkiceblad
fici ars~, _ es sityvebi mniSvnelovania imiT, rom crumoZRvarTa mtkicebas uaryofs, TiTqosda, sityva-RmerTi
------ 312 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ficis gamoyenebas gadaWriT krZalavdes. mociquli ambobs, rom TviT RmerTma gamoiyena fici, roca abraams
Tavisi Tavi daufica (mux. 13-20). zustad aseve daifica
mama-RmerTma kacTa dasarwmuneblad Tavisi Zis saukuno mRvdelmTavrobis Sesaxeb, rogorc amas mefsalmune
gveubneba: `fuca ufalman da ara Seinanos: Sen xar
mRdel ukunisamde wessa mas zeda melqisedekissa~
(fs. 109, 4).
mTeli meSvide Tavi eTmoba ufal ieso qristes _
rogorc melqisedekis wesis mRvdelmTavris _ Sesaxeb
moZRvrebas. pirveli sami muxli gvixsnis, Tu ratom
ewodeba qristes `mRvdelmTavari melqisedekis wesiT~.
Sesaqmis wignis me-14 TavSi (mux. 18-20) moTxrobilia,
Tu rogor Seegeba qanaanis mefeze gamarjvebis Semdeg
ukan dabrunebul abraams puriTa da RviniT melqisedeki
_ salimis mefe, romelic amave dros uzenaesi RmerTis mRvdeli iyo da abraami uzenaesi RmerTis saxeliT
akurTxa; xolo abraamma mas Tavisi naalafevis meaTedi
misca. sxva raime cnobas melqisedekis Sesaxeb wminda
werilis wignebSi ver vpoulobT, magram, misma saxelma
da im idumalebam, romliTac igi gamoCnda da gaqra
abraamis cxovrebis istoriaSi, igi mniSvnelovan, TiTqosda, zebunebriv pirad aqcia. ai, ratomaa, rom mefsalmunem, roca mesia warmosaxa (109, 4), rogorc saukuno
mRvdeli, mas `melqisedekis wesis mRvdeli~ uwoda.
me-7 Tavis pirvel sam muxlSi pavle mociquli melqisedeksa da ufal ieso qristes Soris msgavsebaze miuTiTebs da pirvels, erTgvarad, Ze RvTisas winasaxed
warmosaxavs (`mimsgavsebul ars igi Zesa RvTisasa~ _
mux. 9). es msgavseba aseTia: TviT saxeli melqisedeki,
------ 313 ------

rac niSnavs `simarTlis mefes~; igi salimis mefe iyo,
rac niSnavs `mSvidobis mefes~; is uzenaesi RmerTis
mRvdeli iyo; abraamTan Sesaxvedrad gamosulma akurTxa
igi; dabolos, abraamma mas Tavisi saukeTeso monapovris
meaTedi misca. mociquli melqisedekis zogierT uCveulo
Tvisebazec miuTiTebs, romelic Sesaqmis wignSi ar aris
moxsenebuli. saxeldobr, warmomavlobis ucnobobasa da
idumalebaze: ùmamo, udedo, naTesav-mouPsenebel;
arca dasabami dReTaY, arca aRsasruli cxorebisaY aqus, xolo mimsgavsebul ars igi Zesa RvTisasa~. mniSvnelovania, rom melqisedeks wminda werilSi
pirvels ewodeba `mRvdeli~ da Tanac uzenaesi RmerTis
mRvdeli da TiTqosda, mas es mRvdloba TviT RvTisagan
aqvs miRebuli _ `hgies igi mRdelad samaradisod~ _
ra Tqma unda, ara Tavisi saxiT, aramed misi pirvelsaxis
_ ieso qristes saxiT.
pavle mociquli Semdeg muxlebSi warmogvidgens
melqisedekis mRvdlobis upiratesobas abraamis STamomavlis _ levis mRvdlobasTan SedarebiT. pirvel yovlisa, igi miuTiTebs im meaTedze, romelic melqisedeks
abraamma Tavisi saukeTeso monapovridan Seswira. meaTedi
ufrosebs (uxucesebs) eZleoda. abraami ki uzarmazari
simdidris Tavisufali da damoukidebeli mflobeli
iyo, romelmac mcire xniT adre xuTi qanaaneli mefe
daamarcxa da RmerTisagan udidesi aRTqma miiRo. Tuki
saRvTo eris fuZemdebeli abraami didi iyo, ramdenad
didi unda yofiliyo melqisedeki, romelsac abraamma
Tavisi saukeTeso monapovris meaTedi mdablad miarTva,
rogorc misma xelqveiTma movalem (me-4 muxli).
me-5_me-6 muxlebSi mociquli kidev erT Tvisebaze
------ 314 ------
winaswari cnebebi
miuTiTebs, romelic melqisedeks abraamze aRamaRlebs: es
aris is, rom mas abraamTan aranairi naTesaoba ara aqvs da
Sesabamisad, es ukanaskneli valdebuli ar iyo, misTvis
Tavisi qonebis meaTedi mieca, rogorc aZlevdnen ebraelebi levis Stos mRvdlebs; da kidev erTi sayuradRebo
niSani: àkurTxa, romelsa-igi aRTqumani aqundes~, anu
abraami, `xolo TKnier yovlisa cilobisa umciresi
igi umjobesisagan ikurTxevis~ (7, 6, 7).
abraams TviTon hqonda RmerTisagan miRebuli didi
aRTqmani da RmerTis rCeuli eris fuZemdebeli iyo,
amasTanave, mTeli Semdgomi levitelTa samRvdeloebisa.
am dros ki melqisedekma igi akurTxa. aqedan, bunebrivad
gamomdinareobs, rom melqisedeki abraamze maRla idga
misgan warmoSobil mTel levitur samRvdeloebasTan
erTad. me-8_me-10 muxlebSi pavle mociquli bunebrivad askvnis, rom abraamis saxiT, TviT levim da mTelma
misma STamomavlobam _ ZvelaRTqmiseulma samRvdeloebam
_ Tavi melqisedekis xelqveiTad aRiara, rogorc waruvali, saukuno Rirsebis mqone mRvdlisa.
yovelive zemoTqmulidan, mociquli akeTebs daskvnas
melqisedekiseuli mRvdlobis upiratesi Tvisebebis Sesaxeb, romelic ieso qristes pirovnebaSi ganxorcielda
da melqisedekis wesiT qristes mRvdlobis upiratesobas acxadebs arasrulyofil levitur mRvdlobasTan
SedarebiT. me-11_me-12 muxlebSi igi zogad Sexedulebas gamoTqvams, rom ukve winaswar aris gansazRvruli
melqisedekis wesiT axali samRvdeloebis aRmatebuleba
aaronis wesiT levitur samRvdeloebaze. radgan es ukanaskneli, rogorc arasrulyofili, odesRac pirveliT,
rogorc ufro srulyofiliT, Seicvleba. amitomac TviT
------ 315 ------

Zveli aRTqmis rjulic, rogorc aaronis mRvdlobasTan
dakavSirebuli, Seicvleba.
Semdeg mociquli xsnis, Tu rogor ganxorcielda
erTi mRvdlobis Secvla meoreTi:
1) ieso qriste ara samRvdelo Stodan (levitelebidan), aramed iudas Stodan gamobrwyinda, rogorc melqisedeki ucxo iyo abraamis modgmisaTvis (me-13_me-15
muxli);
2) ufali ieso qriste mRvdelia àra Sjulisa misebr mcnebisa Porcielisa~, ese igi, misi mRvdloba memkvidreobiTi ar aris, rogorc es levitelTa StoSi
iyo, da igi aris `mRvdel ukunisamde wessa mas zeda
melqisedekissa~ (me-16_me-17 muxli);
3) gamoCnda Zveli aRTqmis rjulis uZlureba, rameTu man xalxi srulyofilebamde ver miiyvana, amitomac
RmerTis mier ficiT dadgenilia ùmjobesi~ axali
aRTqma, romlis Tavmdebi iesoa; romelmac saTave daudo
ukeTes axal mRvdlobas (mux. 18-22). am Tavis boloSi
mociquli axali qristeseuli mRvdlobis upiratesobas
aCvenebs:
1) qristes mRvdloba erTpirovnuli da ucvlelia
(mux. 23-25);
2) axalaRTqmiseul samRvdeloebas wminda da umanko
mRvdelmTavari meTaurobs, iseTi rogoric qristea,
romelmac Tavi Tvisi kacTa codvebis gamo Seswira.
merve TavSi igive azri grZeldeba da pirvel or muxlSi miTiTebulia qristes, rogorc mRvdelmTavris me-3
upiratesoba _ is, rom igi Tavis msaxurebas miwaze ki
ar aRasrulebs, rogorc Zveli aRTqmis mRvdelmTavrebi,
aramed zecaSi, uSualod RvTis saydris winaSe, rameTu
------ 316 ------
winaswari cnebebi
igi TviTon dajda `marjueniT saydarTa didebisaTa
zecaTa Sina~. es muxlebi (7, 26-28 da 8, 1-2) warmoadgens samociqulo sakiTxavs mRvdelmTavarTa mosaxsenebel wirvaze, rameTu qristes yoveli mRvdelmTavari
imiT aris didi, rom igi did mRvdelmTavars, ufal ieso
qristes, mis siwmindesa da ubiwoebaSi emsgavseba.
Semdeg mociquli caSi qristes samRvdelmTavro msaxurebis upiratesobaze saubrobs: qriste iqac msxverpls
swiravs. es Tavisi zecieri mamis winaSe CvenTvis ganuwyveteli meoxebaa, rogorc im didi msxverplis Sedegi,
romelic man erTxel da samudamod CvenTvis jvarze
miitana (gaiRo) (mux. 3). miwaze mas mRvdlad formaluri
mizezebis gamo ar scnobdnen. garda amisa, TviTon levitelTa mRvdlobasa da qristes mRvdlobas Soris didi
sxvaobaa, rameTu Zveli aRTqmis mRvdlebi aRasrulebdnen msaxurebas, romelsac mxolod simboluri da winasaxiTi mniSvneloba hqonda _ es simboloebi da winasaxeebi swored qristeSi ganxorcielda, romelmac axali
aRTqma daadgina, romelic jer kidev Zvel aRTqmaSi
ieremia winaswarmetyvelis mier iyo nawinaswarmetyvelebi (31, 31-34). winaswarmetyvel ieremias mier naTqvami
sityvebi axali aRTqmis dadginebis Sesaxeb, pavle mociquls srulad mohyavs me-8_me-12 muxlebSi, ris Semdegac askvnis: `raJams-igi Tquas àxalio,~ daaZuela
pirveli igi; xolo daZuelebadi igi da daberebadi
maxlobel ars ganryunisa~ (mux. 13).
mecxre Tavi mTlianad ori aRTqmis _ Zvelisa da axlis _ Sedarebasa da axlis Seudarebel upiratesobaze
miTiTebas eZRvneba. mociquli pirvel 7 muxlSi karvis
mowyobilobas ganixilavs da aCvenebs, rom TviT misi
------ 317 ------

mowyobiloba da masSi msxverplad cxovelTa mitaniT
aRsrulebuli RvTismsaxureba ukve STagvagonebs azrs
mis daukmayofileblobasa da droebiT xasiaTze. karvis
aRwerisas mociquli ZiriTad yuradRebas amaxvilebs wmidaTa wmidas miuwvdomlobaze aramxolod mrevlisTvis,
aramed mRvdlebisTvisac, romelTaganac mxolod erTs _
mRvdelmTavars SeuZlia iq Sesvla da isic weliwadSi
erTxel àra TKnier sisxlisa, romeli-igi Sewiris
Tavisa TKsisaTKs da erisa umecrebisaTKs~ (mux. 7).
es nawyveti (ebr. 9, 1-7) ikiTxeba saRvTo liturgiaze
RvTismSoblis zogierT dResaswaulze, rogorc magaliTad, RvTismSoblis taZrad miyvanebasa (21 noembers Zv.
st.) da safarvelze (1 oqtombers Zv. st.), rameTu karavi
deda RvTisas winasaxe iyo.
karvis mowyobiloba aCvenebda, rom Zvel aRTqmaSi
ca kacTaTvis daxSuli iyo da adamianebi RmerTs iyvnen
ganSorebulni. yvela ZvelaRTqmiseul Cveulebas mxolod droebiTi mniSvneloba hqonda (mux. 8-10). axali
aRTqmis upiratesoba imaSia, rom masSi mRvdelmoqmedebs
xelTuqmnel karavSi `qriste ... mRvdelTmoZRuari igi
yofadTa maT keTilTai~, ukve ara vacTa da xboTa
(`zvarakTa~) sisxliT, aramed Tavisi sakuTari sisxliT,
romliTac man erTxel da samudamod saukuno gamoxsna
mogvipova (mux. 11-14). qristes jvarcmis udidesi mniSvneloba is aris, rom man RmerTs msxverplad sakuTari
sisxli Seswira da axali aRTqmis Suamdgomlad iqca
(mux. 15). me-16 muxlSi mociquli axali aRTqmis Suamdgomlis sikvdilis aucileblobas arkvevs: `rameTu sada-igi wignisweraY ars, sikudili unebliaYT zedaac wignismweralsa mas~ da me-17 muxlSic: `rameTu
------ 318 ------
winaswari cnebebi
anderZi dawerili mkudarTa SemdgomadRa mtkice

ars, ukueTu ara, versada mtkice arn, vidre cocxalRa arn anderZismwerali igi~. qristes sikvdilis
aucilebloba mociquls ori garemoebidan gamohyavs,
romelic erTi berZnuli sityviT _ `diaTiki~ _ aRniSneba. es sityva aRTqmasac aRniSnavs kavSirisa Tu ormxrivi
xelSekrulebis azriT, da anderZsac, sikvdilis Semdgomi
miTiTebis an gankargulebis azriT. qriste imitom unda
momkvdariyo, rom rogorc Zveli aRTqma iyo damyarebuli samsxverplo cxovelTa sisxlze, aseve axali aRTqmac
mxolod RmerTsa da kacTa Soris Suamdgomelisa da Semrigeblis sisxlze SeiZleboda yofiliyo damyarebuli,
rameTu aucilebeli iyo sisxliT codvis ganadgureba,
romelsac es ganyofa mohqonda. amasTan, qriste unda
momkvdariyo imisaTvis, rom kacTaTvis anderZi daetovebina _ isini mis mier gamzadebuli saukuno cxovrebis
memkvidreebad eqcia.
me-18_23-e muxlebSi mociquli ganmartavs, rom vacebisa da zvarakebis sisxls Zvel aRTqmaSi mxolod winasaxiTi mniSvneloba da Zala hqonda, mxolod rogorc
RvTis tarigis _ qristes gamomsyidvelobiTi sisxlis
winasaxes, romelic mas kacTa codvebis gamo unda daeRvara. qristes _ rogorc axali aRTqmis mRvdelmTavris
uzarmazar upiratesobas wminda pavle mociquli imaSi
xedavs, rom igi erTxel Sevida da Cveni cxoneba Tavisi sisxliT moipova da ara wmidaTa wmidaSi, rogorc
Zveli aRTqmis mRvdelmTavrebi, aramed `TKT maT caTa,
awve Cuenebad pirsa RvTisasa CuenTKs~ (mux. 24).
`viTarca-igi winauc kacTa erTgzis sikudili da
misa Semdgomad saSjeli~ (27-e muxli), _ mniSvnelovani
------ 319 ------

gamonaTqvamia, romelic uaryofs cruswavlebas egreT
wodebul `sulTa gadasaxlebaze~. ratom aris naTqvami,
rom qristem Tavi Tvisi Seswira msxverplad `mravalTaTKs aPocad codvaTa~ da ara `yvelasaTvis~? _ ìmitom, rom yvelam ar irwmuna. qriste yvelasaTvis mokvda, raTa yvela ecxonebina, ramdenadac maszea damokidebuli, rameTu mis sikvdils yvelas cxoneba SeeZlo,
magram man yvelas codva ar itvirTa, radgan TviT maT
ar moisurves es ~ _ ambobs wminda oqropiri.
meaTe TavSi Zvel aRTqmasTan SedarebiT axali aRTqmis
upiratesobazea saubari da Zveli aRTqmis msxverplis
da ZvelaRTqmiseuli mRvdlobis, rogorc usargeblos,
gauqmebazea naTqvami. mociquli ambobs, rom rjuli, anu
Zveli aRTqma, iyo mxolod àCrdili ... mermeTa maT
keTilTaY, ara TKT igi xati saqmeTaY~. ese igi, mas
mxolod winasaxiTi mniSvneloba hqonda (mux. 1). Zveli
aRTqmis msxverpli codvas srulyofilad ar wmendda,
rameTu maSin maTi mudmivi da mravalgzisi saWiroeba
ar iqneboda. is mxolod codvaTa Sesaxeb yovelwliuri Sexseneba da im erTi didi msxverplis Sexseneba
iyo, romliTac qristem erTxel da samudamod ganwminda
(àPoca~) kacTa codvebi (1-4 muxli).
Semdeg mociquls SesaniSnavi ZvelaRTqmiseuli winaswarmetyvelebani da, upirveles yovlisa, mefsalmune
daviTis sityvebi mohyavs, romliTac misi didi STamomavali mesia sofelSi Semosvlisas gamoxatavs mzadyofnas,
sakuTari sxeuli misces tanjvisaTvis kacTa gamo, mas
Semdeg, rac zeciuri mamisaTvis saTno aRar iqneba codvaTaTvis yovlad dasawvelebi da msxverpli: `Sesawiravi da msxuerpli ara gTnda, xolo Porcni damamtki------ 320 ------
winaswari cnebebi
cen me; sakuerTxebi da codvisaTKs ara iTxove. maSin

vTqu: esera moval; Tavsa wignTasa weril ars CemTKs.
yofad nebasa Senisa, RmerTo Cemo, vinebe~ (fs. 39;
7-9). ebraul teqstSi sityvebis, `Porcni damamtkicen
me~, nacvlad aris: `Sen gaxvrite yurni Cemni.~ ucnobia,
Tu saidan warmoiSva es sxvaoba, magram orive wakiTxvisas erTi da igive azri gamoixateba zecieri mamisadmi qriste mesiis usityvo morCilebis Sesaxeb. Zvelad
yurebs im monebs uxvretdnen, romlebic Tavisuflebis
miRebis Semdeg survils gamoTqvamdnen, rom Tavisi batonis samsaxurSi samudamod darCeniliyvnen. es sruli
erTgulebis simboluri niSani iyo (gamosv. 21, 5, 6). am
winaswarmetyveluri gamonaTqvamidan mociquli akeTebs
daskvnas ZvelaRTqmiseul msxverplTa gauqmebis Sesaxeb,
romelTa sanacvlodac kacobriobas xsnad moevlina ieso
qristes mier erTgzis Sewiruli msxverpli (mux. 5-10).
mRvdelTa mier mravalgzis Sewirul ZvelaRTqmiseul
msxverpls codvaTa aRxocva ar SeeZlo. qristem ki Tavisi Tavi erTgzis Seswira codvaTaTvis da samudamod
`dajda igi marjueniT RvTisa~ da `srul iqmna samaradisod ganwmedilTa maTTKs~ (mux. 11-14). am yovelives mociquli ieremia winaswarmetyvelze dayrdnobiT
amtkicebs, sadac igi axali aRTqmis dadgomisa da RvTis mier kacTa codvebisa da urjuloebaTa daviwyebis
Sesaxeb saubrobs. `sada amaTi motevebaY ars, arRara
Pams msxuerpli codvaTaTKs~. sxva sityvebiT, qristes
sisxlis daRvriT Zveli aRTqma misi aCrdiliseburi
mRvdlobiT da uZluri msxverpliT unda Sewydes.
meaTe Tavis me-19 muxlidan iwyeba ebraelTa mimarT
pavle mociqulis epistoles ukve meore _ zneobrivi
------ 321 ------

nawili. am nawilis ZiriTadi azria, rom sarwmunoebaSi
mtkiceni iyvnen.
me-19_39-e muxlebSi mociquli ebraelebs Seagonebs,
rom mtkiced epyraT qristianuli sarwmunoeba. erTmaneTis siyvaruliT aRvsilni iyvnen da qristianuli Sesakreblebi ar miatovon da Seagonebs, rom Tu moses
rjulis uarmyofeli sikvdiliT isjeba, miT ufro mZime sasjels daitexen Tavs qristianuli sarwmunoebis
uarmyofelni: `saSinel ars SevrdomaY PelTa RvTisa
cxovelisaTa~. mociquli ebraelebs qristesadmi maTi
moqcevis pirvel xanebs Seaxsenebs, roca isini udidesi
moSurneobiT iyvnen aRvsilni, vaJkacurad itandnen devnas da Tavisi qonebis datacebac ki sixaruliT miiRes da
arwmunebs maT, rom qristianuli sasoeba ar dautevon,
aramed moTminebiT aRiWurvon, `raYTa nebaY RvTisaY
hyoT da moiRoT aRnaTquemi igi~. is maT qristes meored mosvlis aRTqmiT anugeSebs, roca TiToeuli samarTlian misagebels miiRebs da abakumis winaswarmetyveleba mohyavs, rom `marTali sarwmunoebiTa cxondes; da
ukueTu iqmneT misgan, ara sTnavs sulsa Cemsa mas
Sina~, rogorc TviT ufali ambobs am winaswarmetyvelis
bageebiT (abakumi, 2. 3, 4) da Seagonebs, rom sulis cxonebisaTvis mtkiced unda idgnen sarwmunoebaSi.
mTeli meTerTmete Tavi sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani moZRvrebis gadmocemas eZRvneba. mociquli,
upirveles yovlisa, dogmaturi TvalsazrisiT sarwmunoebis Zalian mniSvnelovan gansazRvrebas gvaZlevs:
`xolo ars sarwmunoebaY mosavTa maT Zal, saqmeTa
mamxilebel araxilulTa~ (1 muxli). am gansazRvrebis
Sinaarsi kargad aris ganmartebuli netari Teodorites
------ 322 ------
winaswari cnebebi
mier: `sarwmunoeba CvenTvis mosalodnelis Wvretis Tvalad iqceva da jer kidev armomxdars ise gviCvenebs,
TiTqos, moxda. roca yvela mkvdari jer kidev saflavSia, sarwmunoeba aRdgomas aRgviwers da ukvdavebas sxeulTa neStSi warmogvidgens~. aseTi rwmeniT ganiTqvnen
Zveli aRTqmis marTlebi, romelTa Sesaxeb mogonebebs
eZRvneba Semdgom am Tavis mTeli Sinaarsi.
sanam Zveli aRTqmis marTlebze saubars Seudgebodes, mociquli sarwmunoebis saerTo mniSvnelobaze
miTiTebas iZleva: `sarwmunoebiT gKcnobies damyarebad saukuneTa sityKTa RvTisaYTa, ara-saCinoYsagan
xilulad Seqmnulad~ (me-3 muxli), _ mxolod sarwmunoeba gvexmareba, gavigoT, Tu rogor SeeZlo RmerTs
arafridan Seeqmna es xiluli samyaro, rameTu Cveni
gonebisaTvis ufro ioli warmosadgenia, rom materia
maradiulia da misgan warmoiSva yovelive ganviTarebis
bunebrivi kanonebis gziT, rasac aswavlian kidec materialistebi, visac arc RmerTis swams, arc imis, rom
samyaro RmerTma Seqmna. samyaro droSi Seiqmna da TviT
dro _ saukuneTa Tvla _ mxolod maSin daiwyo, roca
xiluli qmnili yofiereba gamoCnda. amas gamoxatavs mociquli sityvebiT `damyarebad saukuneTa~.
am Tavis mTeli danarCeni Sinaarsi Zveli aRTqmis
wmindanebze mogviTxrobs abelidan dawyebuli, romlebic sarwmunoebiT cxovrobdnen RvTis im did aRTqmis
molodiniT, romlis Sesaxeb RmerTma codvil adamianebs
jer kidev samoTxidan gamoZevebis win gamoucxada, anu
qveynierebis aRTqmuli gamomsyidvelis mosvlis rwmeniT,
romlis vnebani Zvel aRTqmaSi dadgenili msxverpliT
unda winaasaxuliyo.
------ 323 ------

abelisa da enoqis Sesaxeb saubris Semdeg, mociqulma Semdegi mniSvnelovani sityvebiT gamoTqva sarwmunoebis aucilebloba RvTis saTnoyofisaTvis: `xolo TKnier
sarwmunoebisa ver SesaZlebel ars saTnoyofaY; rameTu
sarwmunoebaY uRirs, romeli mouPdebis RmerTsa, rameTu ars da meZiebelTa misTa sasyidlis mimcemel iqmnebis~ (11, 6). es gamoTqma kavSirSia wina sityvebTan enoqis
Sesaxeb, romelic caSi cocxlad iqna ayvanili, radgan
WeSmariti sarwmunoeba hqonda, romlis Sedegad, `saTno
eyo enuq RmerTsa~ (Sesaq. 5, 22-24), ese igi mTel Tavis
cxovrebaSi mxolod RmerTis nebiT xelmZRvanelobda.
`sarwmunoebiT ... noem ... qmna kidobani ... romliTa
[sarwmunoebiT] dasaja sofeli~ (11, 7). mxolod RvTisa
da misi sityvebis gardauvalobis rwmenas sayovelTao
warRvnis Sesaxeb SeeZlo aReZra noe kidobnis asagebad.
Tavisi rwmeniT noem gansaja (`dasaja~) mTeli sofeli,
anu daamtkica, rom is (sofeli) dasjis Rirsia, vinaidan
masac SeeZlo erwmuna da gadarCeniliyo.
`sarwmunoebiT iwoda raY abraham, erCda gamoslvad
adgilsa mas, romeli dapyrobad iyo misa samkKdrebelad~ (11, 8, 9), _ abraamis sarwmunoebis simaRle da
siwminde imaSi gamoCnda, rom igi, aRTqmul miwaze misuli, karavSi cxovrobda da RmerTis aRTqmis aRsrulebas
eloda zeciuri samSoblos damkvidrebis imediT (mux.
13-19). `rameTu moeloda mas, romelsa-igi safuZvel
usxen qalaqsa, romlisa-igi xuroTmoZRuar da Semoqmed RmerTi ars~ (11, 10), ese igi, zeciur samSoblos
eloda, da Tavis Tavs iseve, rogorc Zveli aRTqmis
sxva marTalni grZnobda `stumar da warmaval ...
queyanasa zeda~ (mux. 13).
------ 324 ------
winaswari cnebebi
`sarwmunoebiT Sewira abraham isaki ... romlisaTKsca igaviT moiyvana igi~ (11, 17-19), _ ese igi, imis
winasaxed, rom zecieri mama kacTa codvaTaTvis msxverplad Tavis mxolodSobil Zes Seswiravs, romelic
mesame dRes mkvdreTiT aRdgeba.
`sarwmunoebiT iakobman, mo-rai-kudeboda ... Tayuanissca wuersa zeda kuerTxisa misisasa~ (11, 21), _
am TayvaniscemiT is TiTqosda TviT mesias eTayvaneboda,
romelic misi modgmidan unda warmoSobiliyo.
`sarwmunoebiT mose, iSva raY, damales samTue
mama-dedaTa misTa, rameTu ixiles mkKrcxl yrmaY
igi, da ara SeiSines brZanebisa misgan mefisa~ (11,
23), _ mociquli miiCnevs, rom mxolod mSobliurma siyvarulma ki ar STaagona moses mSoblebs, rom daemalaT
igi, aramed pirvel yovlisa, rwmenam, rom aseT mSvenier
bavSvs raRac didi winaswargansazRvruli daniSnuleba
hqonda. wmida ioane oqropiri amis Sesaxeb ambobs: àse
eZleva marTals madli dasawyisidanve, akvnidanve da
amas buneba ki ara, RmerTi iqms. rameTu, ixile, axaldabadebuli bavSvi mSvenieri aRmoCnda da ara usaxuri,
rogorc met-naklebad yvela axalSobili. vin hqmna ase?
ara bunebam, aramed RvTis madlma, romelmac warmarTi
egviptelic ki aRZra da ise aRafrTovana, rom man Cvili
aiyvana da Seivrdoma~.
`sarwmunoebiT mose ... ufroYsRa gamoirCia TanaZKrisxilvaY ersa Tana RvTisasa ... ufroYsad simdidred Sehracxa egKptisa safaseTa yuedrebaY igi
qristesi~ (11, 24-26), _ rogorc qristes winasaxem, mosemac amjobina, rom Tavisi erisaTvis datanjuliyo,
raTa igi egviptelTa monobisagan exsna.
------ 325 ------
`sarwmunoebiT dauteva egKpte da ara SeiSina

guliswyromisa misgan mefisa~ (11, 27), _ `rogor Tu
ar SeeSinda _ ambobs wminda ioane oqropiri, _ werili
ambobs, rom roca gaigo, SeeSinda da gaqceva scada.
gaiqca, daimala da Semdegac SiSis qveS iyo? yuradRebiT Caswvdi Tqmuls. sityvebi _ àra SeiSina gulis
wyromisa misgan mefisa~, im gagebiT aris naTqvami, rom
igi Semdgomac ar wardgeboda mefis winaSe, ar aiRebda
Tavis Tavze Suamdgomlobis saqmes; da Tuki es saqme
Suamdgomlobisa Tavis Tavze aiRo, ese igi yoveliveSi
RmerTs sasoebda ... maS, ratom ar darCao, _ ityviT,
_ egvipteSi? raTa Tavisi Tavi winaswarganWvretil safrTxeSi ar Caegdo. rameTu RmerTis gamomcedelisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia sakuTari Tavis safrTxeSi Cagdeba da
Tqma: `Sevxedav, damifaravs Tu ara RmerTi~.
`sarwmunoebiT yo zatiki igi da pkurebaY sisxlisaY, raYTa ara momsrveli igi pirmSoTaY Seexos
maT~ (11, 28). netari Teodorite am adgils ase ganmartavs: `raSi gamoCnda aq moses sarwmunoeba? _ sarwmunoebis gareSe rogor irwmunebda igi, rom cxvris sisxli
sikvdils SeaCerebda? magram igi winasaxis saSualebiT
TviT WeSmaritebas Wvretda da sameufeo sisxlis Zala
hqonda warmodgenili~.
`sarwmunoebiT zRudeni ieriqoYsani daecenes garemodgomiTa SKd dRe~ (11, 30), _ raSi gamoCnda israelTa rwmena am istoriuli movlenisas, romlis Sesaxeb isu naves Zis wigni (Tavi 6, muxli 1-29) mogviTxrobs?
_ RvTis brZanebis usityvo morCilebaSi. ieriqonis kedlebs iqiT Zlieri da kargad SeiaraRebuli mteri idga,
romelsac nebismier wams SeeZlo moalyeebze Tavdasx------ 326 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ma. israelianebs ki ebrZanaT, rom alyis meSvide dRes
Svidjer SemoevloT qalaqisaTvis. kacobrivi gansjiT
aseT Semovlas SeeZlo isini sruliad gamoefita, Tumca,
isini Tavisi beladis, isu naves Zis gankargulebas daemorCilnen da sakuTar iaraRze metad RvTis Semweobaze
daamyares imedi, da maTi es rwmena ar gacudda: wminda
sayvirTa xmaze ieriqonis kedlebi daeca. wminda ioane
oqropiri ambobs: `sayviris xmas kedlis dangreva ar
ZaluZs, Tundac vinme aTasi weli ayvirebdes sayvirs,
sarwmunoebas ki yvelaferi SeuZlia~.
`sarwmunoebiT raab, meZavi igi, ara warwymda urCTa maT Tana, rameTu Seiwynarna mstuarni igi mSKdobiT~ (11, 31), _ raabis gmirobaze, isu naves Zis wignSia
moTxrobili (me-2 Tavi), Tu rogor gadaarCina man mis
saxlSi damaluli israeleli mstovrebi. raabis gmirobaSi
aRsaniSnavi aris is, rom igi ucxoeli iyo da mstovarTa
mosvlamde WeSmariti sarwmunoeba ar uwyoda, da manamde
misi cxovreba gasakicxi iyo. sarwmunoebis ZaliT, manamde codvili misi sulis ganaxleba moxda. wminda ioane
oqropiri aRniSnavs, rom mociqulma ganzrax moixsenia
raabi im pirTa ricxvSi, vinc mibaZvis Rirsia. rameTu
`cnobil pirTa (abeli, noe, abraami da sxva) dabla aRmoCena sarwmunoebis mixedviT arc ise samwuxaroa; magram
samwuxaroa, rom aRmovCndeT ucnob pirebze dabla. amitom mociquli moses mSoblebidan iwyebs _ ucnobi pirebidan, visac araferi hqonda iseTi, rac moses. Semdeg ki
saubars ganagrZobs da Zlierad gamoxatavs urwmunoebis
umecrebas, miuTiTebs ra meZaveebsa da qvrivebze~.
Semdeg mociquli sxva ZvelaRTqmiseul marTlebs
CamoTvlis, vinc sarwmunoebis ZaliT mravali sakvirveli
------ 327 ------

saqme da saswauli moimoqmeda. zogs igi saxelebiT CamoTvlis, zogs ki saqmiT moixseniebs. mociqulis Tqmuls
netari Teodorite ase ganmartavs: `romelni sarwmunoebiT ereodes mefeTa~ _ gedeonma daamxo madianelni,
samsonma _ filistimelni, baravma _ sisara, lavidma _
amonitelni, amalekelni da asurelTa orive tomi (2
mef. 10, 6), samuelma _ filistimelni.
`dauyvnes pirni lomTani~, _ danieli.
`daSrites Zali cecxlisaY~, _ anania, azaria da
misaeli.
`ganernesa pirsa maxKlisasa~, _ omSi gamarjvebulni (32-34).
`ganZlierdes uZlurebisagan~, _ zorobabelTan
erTad dabrunebulni, vinc tyveobidan gaTavisuflda
da mezoblebi daamarcxa.
ìqmnes Zlier brZolasa Sina~, _ zemoT CamoTvlilni da mataTas Svilebi: iuda, ionaTani da svimeoni.
`moiyvannes dedaTa aRdgomilni mkudarni maTni~ (11, 35), _ es didi eliasa da elises saswaulebia,
romelTagan erTma qvrivis Ze gaacocxla, meorem ki _
somanitelis vaJi.
`xolo sxuani warkueTiTa TavTaYTa aResrulnes,
da ara moiRes maT gamoPsnaY, raYTa umjobessa aRdgomas Rirs iqmnen~ _ magaliTad, eleazari, Svidi
makabeli da maTi deda.
`qviTa ganitKnnes~, _ mRvdeli zaqaria.
`ganixerxnes~ _ amboben, rom ase moeqcnen winaswarmetyvel esaias.
ìqceodes xalenebiTa da Txis tyavebiTa, naklulevanni, Wirveulni, ZKrxilulni, romelTa Rirsve
------ 328 ------
winaswari cnebebi
ara iyo sofeli ese (11, 37, 38), _ àse didi elia, ase
elise, misi madlis didi memkvidre; anu winaswarmetyvelTa udidesi nawili, romelTac saxli ar hqondaT, xeebs
Wridnen da qoxebs igebdnen~ (netari Teodorite).
`da ese yovelni iwamnes sarwmunoebiT da arRa
moiRes aRnaTquemi igi, rameTu RmerTman CuenTKs
umjobesi winaYswar ganigula, raYTa ara TKnier Cuensa srul iqmnen~ (11, 39, 40), _ wminda ioane oqropiri
amas ase ganmartavs; ùkve amdeni dro gavida, rac isini
(Zveli aRTqmis marTlebi) gamarjvebulni arian da jer
isev ar miuRiaT jildo, Tqven ki jer RvawlSi myofni,
wuwunebT? ... ra qnas abelma, vinc yvelaze uwin gaimarjva da jildo ar miuRia? ra qnan sxvebma, vinc maSin
cxovrobda da Sen da maT moeelis, vinc Sen Semdeg iqneba?~ am sityvebis Sinaarsi is aris, rom mociquls surs
amiT mouTmeneli da sulmokle palestineli ebraelebi
damoZRvros, romelTac jer qristianuli Rvawli ar
aRusrulebiaT, magram ukve qristianul sasoebaTa molodinSi arian; igi maT imis Sesaxeb warmodgeniT anugeSebs, Tu rogor didxans mouwiaT cda Zvel aRTqmis
wmindanebs _ sanam qristes didma msxverplma maT zeciuri sasufevelis kari ar gauRo.
Semdgom meTormete TavSi mociquli ebraelebs sTavazobs, rom Zveli aRTqmis marTalTa darad, moTminebiT
gaiaron `wina-ganmzadebulsa mas Cuensa Rvawlsa. da
vxedvideT sarwmunoebisa Cuenisa winamZRuarsa da
srulebisa moqmedsa iesus~ (mux. 1, 2), rogorc yvela
moRvaweTa umaRles magaliTs. me-9_me-10; me-17_me-23 da
32-e_me-40 muxlebi me-11 Tavisa, liturgiaze ikiTxeba
qristeSobis wina kviraSi, agreTve wminda mamaTa xsene------ 329 ------

baze, roca yvela Zveli aRTqmis marTali moixsenieba.
me-12 Tavis 1-2 muxlebis damatebiT ki es nawyveti yovelTa wmindaTa kviraSi liturgiaze ikiTxeba.
Semdeg me-12 TavSi mociquli aswavlis mwuxarebaTa mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb, rogorc RvTis sasjelisa im
adamianTa mimarT, vinc mis Zeebad iwodebian da igavTa
wigns eyrdnoba: `romeli uyuarn ufalsa, swavlis da
tanjis~ (igav. 3, 11, 12). Semdeg, mTeli me-12 da me-13
Tavebi eZRvneba mSvidobis, ubiwoebis, ZmaTa siyvarulis,
qvelmoqmedebis, ufrosTa pativiscemis Sesaxeb zneobriv
darigebebs. bolo muxlebi (18-25) Seicavs bolosityvaobas Sexvedris imediT, mokiTxviTa da kurTxeviT.
`madli uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesi Tquen yovelTa Tana. amin~.
------ 330 ------

პავლე მოციქულის ეპისტოლეების განმარტება

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პავლე მოციქულის ეპისტოლეების განმარტება

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mRvdelmTavari amberki (tauSevi)

(1906 w. 1 noemberi _ 1976 w. 13 aprili)

gamoiyeneba mravali qveynis sasuliero saswavleblebSi.

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

saxelmZRvanelo wminda werilis

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

warmarTTagan, Wirni qalaqTa Sina, Wirni udabnoTa

warmarTTa huriaebad?~ _ gal. 2, 11-14). aRniSnuli

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

epistole romaelTa mimarT

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

mociquli, rCeuli saxarebasa mas RvTisasa~. uwodebs

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

gamoviRoT RvTisa~ (mux. 4). moses rjuli droebiTi

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

igi gitKrTavs, aramed Zirsa mas _ Sen~ (11, 17, 18).

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

pirveli epistole korinToelTa

peloponesTan aerTebs. is aSenda aTas xuTasi wliT adre qristes

saxelganTqmuli iyo, agreTve, mecnierebiT, xelovnebiTa da

afroditas taZari warmoadgenda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

saxarebis saqadageblad meored gamgzavrebulma wminda pavle

filipe, Tesalonike, beria da aTeni. datova ra makedoniaSi

stumarT* garkveuli saxis sportuli Sejibrebebi

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

saxleuliT misiT (saqm. 18, 8). da mainc, rogorc Cans,

gamocxadebiT ganmtkicebuli wminda mociquli korinToSi

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

eklesiasTan dakavSirebiT, ris gamoc daapira dabrunebuliyo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

dakavSirebuli mravali darRvevis arseboba. warmogzavnilebma

sasamarTloebSi ganxilva, uwesrigobebi siyvarulis serobebze,

gaegzavna korinToSi epistole, raTa aRmoefxvra yovelgvari

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

debuli). SeiZleba, Tavad samwyso iyos damnaSave, rom

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

rameTu ara sityTa ars sasufeveli RvTisa, aramed

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

daTa sofeli ganikiTxon?~ _ mociquli amaze saubrobs,

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

ars~ (mux. 11, 12). `gana, TviT buneba ar gvaswavlis

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo

vrceli marTlmadidebluri katexizmo