12/27/2014

InitialandFinalValueTheorems

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InitialandFinalValueTheorems
Arightsidedsignal'sinitialvalue

andfinalvalue

finite)canbefoundfromitsLaplacetransform

(if

bythefollowingtheorems:

Initialvaluetheorem:

Finalvaluetheorem:

Proof:As

for

,wehave

When

,theaboveequationbecomes

i.e.,

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InitialandFinalValueTheorems

When

,wehave

i.e.,

However,whetheragivenfunction
itstransform

hasafinalvalueornotdependsonthelocationsofthepolesof

.Considerthefollowingcases:

IftherearepolesontherightsideoftheSplane,
andthereforeisnotbounded,

willcontainexponentiallygrowingterms

doesnotexist.

Iftherearepairsofcomplexconjugatepolesontheimaginaryaxis,
componentsand

willcontainsinusoidal

isnotdefined.

IftherearepolesontheleftsideoftheSplane,

willcontainexponentiallydecayingterms

withoutcontributiontothefinalvalue.
OnlywhentherearepolesattheoriginoftheSplane,

willcontainconstant(DC)component

whichisthefinalvalue,thesteadystateofthesignal.
Basedontheaboveobservation,thefinalvaluetheoremcanalsobeobtainedbytakingthepartial
fractionexpansionofthegiventransform
:

where

arethepoles,and

byassumption.Thecorrespondingsignalintimedomain:

Alltermsexceptthefirstonerepresentexponentiallydecaying/growingorsinusoidalcomponentsofthe
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InitialandFinalValueTheorems

signal.Multiplyingbothsidesoftheequationfor

Weseethatalltermsbecomezero,exceptthefirstterm

by andletting

.Ifallpoles

,weget:

areonthe

leftsideoftheSplane,theircorrespondingsignalcomponentsintimedomainwilldecaytozero,leaving
onlythefirstterm
,thefinalvalue
.
Example1:

Firstfind

When

,weget

.Nextweapplythefinalvaluetheorem:

Example2:

Accordingtothefinalvaluetheorem,wehave

However,astheinverseLaplacetransform

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InitialandFinalValueTheorems

isunbounded(thefirsttermgrowsexponentially),finalvaluedoesnotexist.
ThefinalvaluetheoremcanalsobeusedtofindtheDCgainofthesystem,theratiobetweentheoutput
andinputinsteadystatewhenalltransientcomponentshavedecayed.Weassumetheinputisaunitstep
function
,andfindthefinalvalue,thesteadystateoftheoutput,astheDCgainofthe
system:

Example3:

TheDCgainatthesteadystatewhen

canbefoundas

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Next:SolvingLCCDEsbyUnilateralUp:Laplace_TransformPrevious:UnilateralLaplaceTransform
RuyeWang20120128

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