CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

BI I:

CC KIN THC V K NNG C BN V LP

T IN

1.khi nim chung v k thut lp t in

A. T chc cng vic lp t in
Mc ch nhm rt ngn thi gian lp t, nhanh chng a cng trnh vo vn hnh,
tit km vt t, vt liu, an ton lao ng v nng cao cht lng cng trnh
-Kim tra v thng k chnh xc cc hng mc cng vic cn lm theo thit k v bn
v thi cng. Lp bng thng k tng hp thit b cc thit b, vt t, vt liu cn thit
- Lp biu tin lp t, b tr nhn lc ph hp vi trnh , tay ngh cho tng
hng mc. lp biu lun chuyn nhn lc
- Son cc phiu cng ngh miu t chi tit cng ngh, cng on xy lp
- Chn v d tnh s lng cc my mc thi cng
- Xc nh s lng v phng tin vn chuyn
- Son tho hnh thc thi cng mu
- Son tho cc bin php v k thut an ton
- Cc trang thit b, vt t, vt liu phi tp kt gn cng trnh cch ni lm vic
khng qu 100m.
- Ngun in phc v cho my mc thi cng ly t li in tm thi hay my pht
in cp in ti ch
B. T chc cc i t nhm chuyn mn
Khi lp in c tm c quc gia, c bit khi khi lng lp t ln ta phi cn t
chc i, t nhm chuyn mn tng nng sut lao ng, nng cao cht lng, cng
vic tin hnh nhp nhng hp l
- B phn chun b tuyn cng tc: kho st tuyn, chia khong cch ct, v tr mng
theo a hnh
c th, dnh du c l cc hp t in, c rnh i dy trn tng,
x rnh i dy trn nn
- B phn lp t cc ng trc v cc thit b in, t in, bng in
- B phn lp t in trong nh, ngoi tri
- B phn lp t trang thit in v mng in cho cc thit b, my mc cng nh
cc cng trnh chuyn dng
2. Mt s k hiu thng dng
A. Thit b in, trm bin p, nh my in

GV: L VN THNH

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

GV: L VN THNH

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

B. Bng, bn, t in

C. Thit b khi ng i ni

GV: L VN THNH

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

GV: L VN THNH

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

D. Thit b dng in

E. Dng c chiu sng

GV: L VN THNH

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

GV: L VN THNH

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

F. Chiu sng ngoi tri

G. Li in

GV: L VN THNH

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

3. Cc cng thc thng dng trong tnh ton

-nh lut m i vi dng 1 chiu
I= u/r
i vi dng xoay chiu
I= u/z
- Cng sut dng in 1 chiu
P= u*i= i2*r=u2/r
- Cng sut xoay chiu 1 pha
Cng sut tc dng
P= u*i*cos
Cng sut phn khng
Q= uisin
Cng sut biu kin
S=( p2 + q2)1/2
- cng sut dng in xoay chiu 3 pha
Cng sut tc dng
P= 31/2ui cos
Cng sut phn khng
Q=31/2uisin
Cng sut biu kin
S=31/2ui
Trong : u l in p pha /v dng in xoay chiu 1 pha, in p dy /v dng in xoay chiu 3
pha
4. S v ph kin
GV: L VN THNH

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
S v ph kin ph thuc vo in p, v gi tr ca ng dy. Cc s ca ng dy l s ng
v s treo
in p >= 35kv tr ln ta dung s treo, ng li ta dng s ng
Nhng khong vt sng .ta cng dng s treo chu lc tt
Chui s treo gm cc bt s. Ty theo cp in p m c bao nhiu bt s. in p 3-10 kv 1 bt,
in p 35kv 2 bt, 110kv 7 bt, 220kv 13 bt. Khi cn tng cng v lc cng nh cch in s bt
s c th tng ln 1 n 2 bt
Vic kp dy dn vo s c thc hin bng cch qun dy hoc bng cc ghp kp dy chuyn
dng.
Vic kp dy vo s treo c thc hin bng cc kha kp dy chuyn dng. Kp dy c th kp
cht c nh, kp trt, kp lng nhm d tr bn gii hn
5. Ct in
Ct in ca ng dy trn khng c phn cng theo nhim v
- ct u v cui tuyn: chu ti trng khng cn bng v hai pha nn phi tng cng chu lc
bng cc ct c cng chu lc cao, hoc phi trng ct kp
- ct trung gian: chu ti trng cn bng c th dng ct n
- ct gc: chu ti trng ko nghing nn phi tng cng bng dy no hoc bng tr kp
Cc ct thng l ct b tng ct thp dng ch H, ch K hoc ct trn ly tm hoc ct thp
6. B tr dy dn trn ct
a. ng dy h p:
-Cc ng dy h p 0.4kv thng c 4 dy ( 3 dy pha + 1 dy trung tnh). Tit din dy trung
tnh khi ph ti 3 pha i xng ly bng tit din dy pha, cn khi ph ti khng i xng, lch
pha nhiu (ph ti chiu sng) c th ly tit din bng tit din dy pha)
-Vic b tr khong cch dy dn gia cc pha, gia pha vi t ph thuc vo khong cch gia
cc ct

b. ng dy 3- 35 kv:
Khong cch gia cc dy dn ph thuc vo iu kin lp t, kiu s

GV: L VN THNH

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

7. Khong cch gia cc dy dn ti mt t v mt nc

Trong iu kin nhit khng kh mi trng cao, khng c gi, vng dy dn ln nht,
khong cch t mt im bt k ca dy dn ti mt t v mt nc khng c nh hn gi tr
cho trong bng sau

GV: L VN THNH

10

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

8. chn su ct in h p di 1 kv
Kch thc chn su ct c xc nh da vo chiu cao ca ct, s lng dy dn mc trn ct,
iu kin t ai, bin php o m t

9. ng dy i qua cc vng c bit v giao ct cc i tng khc

GV: L VN THNH

11

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

BI II: THC HNH LP T NG DY TRN KHNG

I/Cc nh ngha v yu cu k thut
1) nh ngha
a.ng dy truyn ti in trn khng:
-Cng trnh xy dng mang tnh cht k thut dng truyn ti in nng theo dy dn c lp
t ngoi tri v c kp cht nh x, s,ct v cc chi tit kt cu xy dng, c gi l ng
dy trn khng.
-S c lm bng cao lanh hoc thy tinh dng cch in dy dn vi ct v t
-S ty theo kt cu v lp t c phn thnh s ng v s treo.
-S ng c dng cho ng dy c in p t 35 kv tr xung
-S treo c dng cho ng dy t t 35 kv tr ln.
-Ty nhin mt s khong vt quan trng tng cng v lc cng nh tng cng v cch
in ngi ta cng s dng s treo cho cc ng dy 6,10,35kv.
ng dy h p (0,4kv) do yu cu cn c in p pha ln c in p dy nn ng dy c thm
dy th t gi l dy trung tnh
Nu ph ti 3 pha i xng th tit din dy trung tnh thng bng tit din dy pha
Trong li in sinh hot ch yu l dng in p pha, ph ti kh phn b u gia cc pha nn
tit din dy trung tnh thng chn bng tit din dy pha.
b.Khong cch tiu chun:
l khong cch ngn nht gia dy dn c cng v t, gia dy dn c cng vi cc cng
trnh xy dng, gia dy dn vi ct, gia dy dn v dy dn
GV: L VN THNH

12

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
c. vng treo dy:
L khong cch theo chiu thng ng t ng thng ni hai im treo dy trn ct ti im thp
nht ca ng dy do tc dng trng lng ca ng dy
d.Lc cng dy:
c gi l lc cng ko dy v kp cht dy c nh trn ct
e.Ch lm vic bnh thng:
L ch lm vic dy dn khng b t
f.Ch s c:
L ch lm vic ca ng dy khi dy dn b t d ch l mt si
ch lm vic lp t: l s lm vic ca ng dy trong iu kin lp t ct, dy dn, dy
chng st
g.Khong vt trung gian:
L khong cch theo mt phng nm ngang gia hai ct trung gian ch ng vai tr gi dy, cn lc
cng dy ch yu tc ng ln cc ct chu lc. khong cch gia cc ct trung gian v ct chu lc
cng c gi l khong vt trung gian
h.Khong no cht:
L khong cch theo mt phng nm ngang gia hai ct chu lc gn nhau. Khong no cht bao
gm mt s khong vt trung gian. Cc ct chu lc l cc ct chu ton b ti trng cng ko dy
dn v mnh. Dy dn trn cc ct ny c kp no cht, khng cho php tut hoc trt nh cc
ct trung gian.
Cc ct chu lc bao gm cc ct u tuyn, cc ct cui tuyn, v cc ct gc ni m dy dn
chuyn hng.
i.Ct v ph kin: l cc chi tit lm bng kim loi dng ni hai u dy dn vi nhau, kp
dy dn vo s vo s v bo v dy dn trnh rung ng
bn d tr: bn d tr ca trn ng dy l t s gia gi tr ti trng ph hy phn t vi ti
trng tc ng chun ( thng ly ti trng ln nht)
2)Cc yu cu k thut
Khi xy dng ng dy cao h p t 35 kv tr xung vi dy dn c kp trn s ng cn tha
mn cc yu cu sau:
-i vi ng dy i qua vng ng dn c: dy dn cn dng dy dn vn xon, c nhiu si
nh. Tit din ca dy >= 35mm2 i vi dy nhm, >=25mm2 i vi dy nhm li thp
-Khi ng dy i qua vng dn c tha tht:
Tit din ti thiu ca dy nhm l 25mm2 dy nhm li thp l 26mm2
-Khi ng dy i qua cc chng ngi vt khc nhau cn tham kho quy trnh trang b in v tit
din ti thiu cho php nh:
+ Khi ng dy i ao h m ly, tit din dy ti thiu ca dy nhm l >= 70mm2 v dy
nhm li thp >= 25mm2
+Khi ng dy ct ngang cc ng dy lin lc i vi dy nhm khng nh hn 70mm2 i
vi dy nhm li thp khng nh hn 25mm2
+Khi ng dy ct ngang qua ng st, ng ng nc, ng hi, cc ng cc treo vi dy
nhm khng nh hn 70mm2 v dy nhm li thp khng nh hn 35mm2
+Khi ng dy i nngang qua ng t, vi dy nhm khng nh hn 35mm2, vi dy nhm
li thp khng nh hn 25mm2
+Khng cho php ni dy dn, dy chng st trong khong vt c cc giao ct vi cc i
tng trn

GV: L VN THNH

13

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
Mi ni dy dn phi c bn c hc khng nh hn 90% bn ph hy ca ton b dy
dn.
-Cc on ng dy vt qua ng st, ng t, ao h v cc cng trnh xy dng khc
phi dng ct chu lc (dng ct tng cng hoc ct kp), x kp, s kp, v dy dn phi no, kp
cht trnh tut v trt.
-Khi i qua ng dy cao p, ng dy c in p thp phi nm di ng dy c in p
cao hn
-ng dy ti in phi nm trn ng dy lin lc
- Gc ct ng dy truyn ti i qua ng st c in kh ha khng c nh hn 40o
II/Vt liu
1)dy dn:
-i vi dng dy truyn ti in thng dng dy trn khng bc cch in
Vt liu chnh lm dy dn l ng, nhm v thp
-ng c dn in tt nht, c bn c hc cao, n nh vi tc ng ha hc. Nhng ng l
kim loi qu nn ch dng nhiu trong cc ng dy cp
- Nhm c d dn in v bn c hc km hn ng, nhng c khi lng ring nh v gi
thnh r nn c s dng rng ri trn cc ng dy truyn ti
- Thp c dn in thp, bn c hc cao nn thng c dng lm li tng cng lc cho
dy nhm
- lp t dy dn trn s ng ngi ta thng s dng cu trc dy dn sau: dy n tc l dy
ch c mt si, dy vn xon nhiu si, dy vn xon nhiu si t hp hai kim loi
Dy vn xon nhiu si c thc hin bng cch qun quanh dy trung tm theo trnh t: u tin
xon 6 si, sau mi ln xon b sung thm 6 si
-c tnh ca dy dn lp trn s ng cho trong bng

GV: L VN THNH

14

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

2)S: -c dng kp gi dy dn v cch in vi x ,ct

S trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng mang ti trng c hc v ng thi mang in p ca
ng dy
S k thut in c ch to t nguyn liu tt nht (cao lanh, ct ) mt ngoi ca s c ph
mt lp trng men tng cng tnh cch in
Ngoi s lm bng cao lanh v ct, ngy nay ngi tya cn sn xut s bng thy tinh. S thy tinh
u im l trong qu trnh sn xut c th t ng ha hon ton nn gi thnh r. v cc khuyt tt
ca s thu tinh c th thy bng mt thng nh tnh trong sut ca n.
3) Ty s: L chi tit c gn vo s ng bng cch vn ren, lm tr kp cht s vi x trn
ct
ty s lm bng thp v c sn ph hoc m mt lp chng g

4)ng ni dy
Ni dy vn xon nhiu si c thc hin bng cc ng ni dy. ng ni dy phi chu c
lc cng ko ca dy dn v ng thi phi tip xc tt v cht dn in tt. hai u ng le ra
mt cht v khng vin cng d lun dy v khng b gy khi dy b un gp.
5)Ghp ni dy
-Ghp ni dy dng ni cc dy dn vi nhau
-Cu to: gm hai mnh nhm hnh ch nht, c khoan l v cc bu lon xit cht thn ghp.
Thn ghp c 2 rnh song song t dy c ni
GV: L VN THNH

15

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

6)B chng rung

-Gi ln lm dy dn b rung mnh, c kh nng dy gy on mch, hoc dy hay b gy
t gn phn c nh trn ct
- gim rung ngi ta treo ln on dy gn ct b chng rung hnh qu t , lm cho dy
gm b rung ti mc an ton

3)My mc dng c ngh cho lp t

Danh mc v s lng dng c my mc, ngh cho lp t cho mt t cng nhn 10 ngi

GV: L VN THNH

16

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

GV: L VN THNH

17

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

1)Dy cho gai tm nha

2)Cp cho thp
3)B rng rc:
B rng rc l mt bu ly c x rnh mng quanh chu vi, lp vo trc quay cng vi mc, trn
mc phi c nhn ghi ti trng ca n
GV: L VN THNH

18

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

4) Kch
Kch c c im l t hm, kch thanh rng c lp thm b phn dng dng bnh cc c ly
S liu ca kch

5) Ti
Ti quay tay c thng trong cng tc lp t. c cu ti quay tay c ch to dng h
thng truyn ng bnh rng phn b trn 3 trc song song

GV: L VN THNH

19

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

6) Puly lp t: Khi ri dy theo tuyn, dy dn thng c trt trn bu li c lp t trn

ct in. bu li c cu to nh hnh 2-12

GV: L VN THNH

20

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

4)Lp t dy dn
a)Lp s ng
-Cng vic u tin l lp ty vo s, ch khng c vn qu su lm nt s. trc khi vn ta
dng si lanh hoc si gai qun vo u c ren ca ty, hoc c th chn xi mng hoc ct vo
ren s
-Khi lp s vo x ch phi cho s tht thng ng v ,kp cht bng cu v vng m

GV: L VN THNH

21

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
b.Vn chuyn dy dn trn tuyn
-Khi nng h cc l dy cn bo v dy trnh lm h hng dy. Kng c qung l dy t trn
xe xung t
-Cc l dy phn b sao cho ri ht l ny l n ngay l khc
c.ri dy
-vic ri dy bng cch tho dy ra khi tang trng, tang trng c treo, t trn kch, dt trn
gi chuyn dng
- ko ri dy, thng dng my ko, oto. trong trng hp khng c ng ta c th dng ti
quay tay hoc trc tip dng sc ngi.
-Nn ko ng thi c 3 dy
-Vic ri dy c tin hnh lin tc trnh cho cp cho ko dy b chng do trt khng ti
-Ri dy c th tin hnh bng cch ko trt trn mt t hoc trt theo cc bu ly lp t treo
trn x ct in
-Cc pu li c m kiu bn l c treo v m sng trn cc x ct. khi ri n u th nng dy
ci vo buli v kha m puli v ri tip
-Phng php ri dy theo puli nh nhng t tn cng lc v khng lm try xc dy dn

GV: L VN THNH

22

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

d)Ni dy
-Vic ni dy phi c tin hnh ngay sau khi ri dy.
-Dy nhm v dy thp nhiu si c ni bng ng ni van bng kim loi cng loin c
nn p bng km vn bp
-Trc khi p mi ni phi chn b km p nh bi mtrown cc cch tay n, vt p
-Mi ni sao cho t bn c kh v dn in tt

GV: L VN THNH

23

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

e)cng dy
-Cc dy dn c ni vi nhau v nng ln ct cn phi c ko cng gi chng
cao cch mt t cn thit
-Lc cng dy c c trng vi vng treo dy
- vng treo dy ph thuc vo m hiu dy, khi lng ca n v chiu di khong vt
f)Ni t ct
-Vic ni t ct ph thuc vo in tr sut ca t
-in tr ni t khng vt qu10-30 m v ma h
-Dng cc thng dng l cc thp V63*63*6.3vaV70*70*7
-Khi in tr t ln c th dng thm thanh thp dt chn su 0.5-1m dc theo tuyn
g)C nh dy trn s
-Dy dn c cng vi vng cho c kp cht trn s ng dy
-Dy dn ct trung gian c kp trn u s ng, cn cc ct mc, ct gc c c nh
trn s treo hoc trn c s ng
- cc gc, dy dn c t cnh ngoi s so vi gc quay ca ng dy
-Dy buc nn dng dy cng vt liu vi dy dn. kp dy vo s c th dng dy buc,
ghp hoc ng ni van

GV: L VN THNH

24

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

GV: L VN THNH

25

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
h)Lp b t chng rung
B t chng rung c treo trn dy dn gn ni kp c nh dy trn s. v tr treo b t chng
rung ph thuc vo s hiu m dy, di khong vt, lc cng ca dy. Cc s liu ny do c
quan thit k tnh ton v cung cp
5)K thut an ton ng dy( phn ny nn a ln pha trc)
-Nhng ngi tham gia lp t ng dy phi tun th y cc qui nh qui trnh k thut
an ton
-Phi kim tra, th nghim dng c , my mc trc khi tin hnh cng vic
-Tt c cc my mc nng h phi c h s ghi chp h hng v c sa cha
-Nghim cm lm vic trn cao khng eo dy an ton
- Khi cng dy qua ng gt, phi b tr ngi bo tn hiu cnh bo v hai pha khong 100m
-Cng vic cng dy qua ng st, ng thng tin lin lc phi c giy php ca c quan
ch qun
-Tt c cc qui ingj phi cho di dng vn bn
-Lp t dy dn trn hoc di ng dy mang in p cn phi tun theo cc yu cu khi
lm vic c in p
- Khng cho php lm vic trn ct gc pha gc trong quay ca ng dy trnh b dy
dn ko ng khi ng dy b t
-Cm di ct hoc chi lp t trong thi gian lm vic trnh dng c ri t trn xung
-Cm nhoi ngi ra khi chi khi khng kp dy an ton
-Khi lp t ng dy song song vi vi ng dy cao p, trnh in cm ng cn ni t
dy dn ang lp t
-Khi tri sp c dng bo cn phi ngng ngay cng vic lp t
6)a ng dy vo vn hnh
-Trc khi a ng dy vo vn hnh, cn phi kim tra nghim ngt, phi tm ra tt c
khim khuyt trong xy dng v lp t
-Kim tra tt c cc chng ngi vt m ng dy i qua, khong cch ti cc nh , cng
trnh xy dng v cy ci
-Kim tra trng thi an ton m bo cho tu xe qua li
-Dn dp cht cy trn hnh lang tuyn
-Thu dn cc vt t vt liu cn d tha vng vi trong xy dng lp t
-ng in, lp bin bn ban giao ng dy

Bi3:

LP T IN CHIU SNG

I/Khi nim v chiu sng

1)Chiu sng dn dng
-Chiu sng sinh hot
-Chiu sng cng cng
2)Chiu sng cng nghp
-Chiu sng sn xut
-Chiu sng bo v
II/Cc loi n chiu sng
1)n si t:
n Si t cn gi l n dy tc, hay l n nung sng, do ThomasEdison pht minh nm 1879
a) Cu to: C cu to n gin
- Bng lm bng thy tinh, bn trong ht ht khng kh v cho vo mt t kh tr chng bay hi
kim loi(dy tc)

GV: L VN THNH

26

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
- Dy tc: Khi mi pht minh c lm bng than rt mau hng . Hin nay c lm bng Wonfram
c in tr ln v nng chy cao
b) Nguyn l hot ng:
Lm vic theo nguyn l dng in t nng in tr dy tc n nhit cao v pht sng
c)c im
- Bt sng tc thi
- Pht sng lin tc, nh sng tht, cht lng cao
- Mc trc tip vo li in, n gin, d s dng, d sa cha
- Gi thnh thp
- c s dng n c cng sut nh, t hot ng
- Hiu sut pht sng thp khong 10-20 lm/w, tn in, tui th khong 1000 gi
d) S dng v sa cha
- Mc trc tip vo li in ng in p nh mc
- Bng n thng chy dy tc, ta phi thay th
2) n hunh quang
Da trn bin i bc x t ngoi thnh bc x nh sng nhn thy c, c a vo s dng t
nm 1934
a. Cu to:
- Tc te ( chut) dng khi ng n, gm 1 thanh lng kim, c t mc song song chng nhiu
- Chn lu: ( tng ph) l 1 cun in khng c vai tr nh mt in tr, st p sau khi khi
ng. ng thi n nh dng in lm vic v to in p khi ng.
- Bng n l mt ng thy tinh bn trong c ht ht khng kh v cha t kh him, c ph
mt lp bt hunh quang
- Tim n( dy tc): lm bng wonfram nhim v nung 2 cc ca n d dng bc ph in t
khi khi ng
Stacte(chut
)

Tng ph( chn lu)

Dy tc

b.Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi cp in cho n th in p t vo stc te ln bng in ngun nn stcte phng in, dy tc
bng n nng ln chun b bc ph in t. Dy tc nng ln nn in p in p ch yu ri
trn dy tc v chn lu v vy in ri trn tc te nh nn tcte ngt. Dng in mt t ngt nn
chn lu to ra mt in p ln cng vi in p ngun, in t s phng t u ny n u kia
ca bng n lm cho n sng ln. Khi n lm vic xong v lm vic bnh thng th in p ri
trn bng n ch cn khong 70v
c) c im:
- Hiu sut phat quang kh cao khong 40-90lm/w
- Tui th di hn n si t
- c s dng nhiu trong chiu sng dn dng
- Cu to nhiu b phn, d hng vt
GV: L VN THNH

27

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
- Gi thnh cao
- H s Cos thp
- bt khng sng ngay
- h s ch th mu thp
d) S dng v sa cha:

- Dy pha bt vo cu ch, cng tc, chn lu

- Dng ng in p, nu in p thp n s khng khi ng c
- Nu cp ngun m thy n khng sng v khng c hin tng g, th ta ch n tip xc ca
n ui n, chut
- Nu hai u bng n l m n khng khi ng c th ta ngt b t trong chut hoc
thay chut mi
- Ch nu hai u bng n b chy en th ta phi kim tra chn lu c b chp hay khng. Nu
chp m ta thay bng vo th bng n s b chy ngay lp tc
- Chn lu c in tr khong 40-60
3) n thy ngn cao p
n thy ngn cao p c s dng rng ri trong chiu sng ng ph vo nhng nm 1960 v
a vo s dng chiu sng ni tht nm 1966
a.Cu to v nguyn l hot ng
-Gm ng thy tinh ngoi v ng phng in bn trong. S phng in trong ng thch anh c hi
thy ngn p sut cao t 1-10at to ra nh sng trng
- Ngoi ra mt trong ca ng thy tinh c ph mt lp bt hunh quang bin cc bc x t
ngoi thnh bc x nh sng
b. c im:
- Hiu sut pht quang 40-60lm/w
- Ch s th hin mu trung bnh

GV: L VN THNH

28

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
- Trc y c s dng nhiu nhng do c hi khi v, xung cp nhanh, hiu sut pht quang
thp hn n sodium nn ngy nay n sodium thay th dn
4)n compact:
-Cng l mt loi n hunh quang nh gn vi cht lng bt hunh quang mn v tt hn, cho
php ng knh ng nh v ngn hn
-Chn lu c tch hp vo ui n rt tin li
-Tit kim in nng tui th cao, khong 50lm/w, 7000 gi
5)n natri (sodium) thp p
-Cu to l 1 ng thy tinh cha natri( khi ngui c dng ht) vi p sut thp 4*10-3mHg trong mi
trng c kh neon. Khi n c mi sau vi pht, natri bc hi pht ra nh sng mu vng da
cam, hiu sut pht quang cao dt n190lm/w ng u cc ngun sng in
-Ch s ch hin mu xu
-Tui th khong 8000 gi
-nh sng mu da cam c s dng nhiu cc nc x lnh nhiu sng m, chiu sng xa l,
chiu sng ng ph
6)n halogien kim loi
-L loi n phng in trong hi thy ngn v halogien cao p
-nh sng ging nh sng ban ngy
-Hiu sut pht quang n 90lm/w
-H s th hin mu tng i tt
-Tui th 4000 gi
-c s dng nhng ni i hi chiu sng cht lng cao nh sn th thao
IV/ Lp t chiu sng dn dng
1)Khi nim: L lp t chiu sng sinh hot v lm vic cho nh v c quan cng s.
2)Lp t chiu sng i ni
*/ Lp t mch in ni tht phng n i ni
#/ Lp t mch in ni tht bng np vung
Bc1: Chn phng n i dy
-Chn v tr t thit b
- Chn v tr t bng in
- Chn ng dy i
Bc2: ng thn np vo tng theo ng i dy chn (ch : thng, gc tng gc r
Bc3: o dy ct dy, a dy vo np, v y np
Bc4: Lp thit b
Bc5: Lp thit b bo v, iu khin ln bng v tin hnh u ni
Bc6: o kim tra khng in, cho vn hnh chy th
#/ Lp t mch in ni tht bng ng trn
Bc1: Chn phng n i dy
-Chn v tr t bng in
-Chn ni t thit b
-Chn ng i dy
Bc2: Tnh ton v i dy vo ng ( theo tng on) v ng ng vo tng
Bc3: Lp t thit b v bng in
Bc4: o kim tra v ng in
3)Lp t chiu sng m tng
*/ Lp t mch in ni tht phng n i m tng
Bc1: Chn phng n i dy
-Chn v tr t thit b
- Chn v tr t bng in
- Chn ng dy i
GV: L VN THNH

29

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
Bc2: Ct tng theo ng i dy chn, ct c cc hp ni v hp m
Bc3: Lun dy vo ng rut g
Bc4: G ng vo rnh, chn hp m, hp ni, tin hnh t trt
Bc5: Lp t thit b v bng in
Bc6: o kim tra ng in
V/Lp t in chiu sng cng nghip
1)Khi nim: Lp t chiu sng cng nghip l lp t chiu sng cho cc phn xng sn xut,
cc nh my, khu cng nghip n bao gm chiu sng trong nh v chiu sng ngoi tri
2)Chiu sng ngoi tri:
Gm chiu sng bo v, chiu sng kho bi, chiu sng cng trngCc loi chiu sng ny
thng dng n cao p thy ngn, n natri cao p v thp p
3)Chiu sng trong nh xng
- tuyt an ton trong sn xut, nn ngi ta thng i dy m tng hoc i ni trong ng thp, t
trng hp i ni trong np vung v ng nha trn.
-Ch : trong sn xut ngi ta t s dng n tp v nh sng n tp khng lin tc. nu dng n
tp th ta phn phi n cc pha khc nhau
VI/Lp t in chiu sng theo yu cu
C nhiu ni cn phi lp t chiu sng c bit
Vd:
-Lp t chiu sng nhng ni d b chy n nh cy xng, kho xng du, xng chit np kh
gath ta phi dng cc thit b chng chy n..
-Nhng ni d b thm nc nh b cc king, cng vin nc..ta phi dng thit b chng thm
nc
- nhng ni n mn nh nh my ha cht
-D b va p nh xng c kh..ta phi cn la chn phng n v thit b ph hp

Bi 4: LP T MNG IN CNG NGHIP

I/Khi nin chung v mng in cng nghip
1)Mng in cng nghip:
Mng in cng nghip l mng ng lc 3 pha cung cp cho cc ph ti cng nghip
Ph ti cng nghip l cc ng c cao h p dng in xoay chiu tn s 50 Hz, cc l in tr,
l h quang, l cm ng cao trung tn, cc thit b bin i v chnh lu
Trong x nghip cng nghip ch yu dng ng c h p 380V
ng c cao p 3;6;10 KV dng trong cc dy chuyn cng ngh cng sut ln nh my nghin
my cn, bm nc qut gi
Ngoi ph ti ng lc l cc ng c in, trong cng nghip cn c ph ti chiu sng dng
in p 220V
Mng in nh my bao gm mng in cao p cung cp in cao p cho trm bin p v cc
ng c cao p. Mng in h p cung cp cho cc ng c h p v cc thit b chiu sng
trnh lm ri mt bng x nghip cn tr giao thng, mt m quan. Mng in nh my
thng i ngm hoc i trong ng thp
2)Yu cu chung khi thc hin lp t
thc hin lp t trc ht cn phi c mt bng b tr nh xng, mt bng b tr thit b
trong nh xng, bn a l hnh chnh T v bn v i dy ton b nh my, bn v i
dy mng in ng lc tng phn xng, bn v i dy chiu sng.
a.Bn v i dy ton nh my
Bn v ny th hin cc tuyn dy ca mng in ngoi phn xng. trn bn v th hin s lng
dy cp i trn mi tuyn, m hiu, cao trnh lp t, ng knh ca ng thp..
GV: L VN THNH

30

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
b.Bn v i dy mng in phn xng
Trn bn v s i dy mng in phn xng ( mng in trong nh) trn th hin v tr lp
t cc t phn phi v t ng lc v cc my cng c. th hin s i dy t t ngun ti cc
thit b. ghi r m hiu dy, tit din dy, ng knh ng thp, cch lp t, v tr lp t
Da vo cc bn v trn ta tin hnh lp t
II/ Lp t mng in cng nghip
1)La chn kh nng lp t
la chn kh nng lp t mng in cn xt ti cc iu kin nh hng sau
a. Mi trng lp t:
Mi trng lp t c th gy nn
S ph hy cch in, vt liu dn in, cc v bo v, cc chi tit kp gi,cc phn t ca mng
in. lm tng nguy him vi ngi vn hnh, lm tng kh ng b chy n.
b.V tr lp t
V tr lp t mng in c nh hng ti vic la chn dng v hnh thc lp t theo iu kin
bo v trnh va chm c hc, to iu kin cho vn hnh d dng. cao lp t ph thuc vo cc
yu cu sau:
-Khi cao lp t cao hn 3.5m so vi nn, sn nh th m bo an ton v c hc
-Khi cao lp t thp hn 2m so vi sn nh th cn phi m bo v mt bo v c hc
c. nh hng ca s lp t:
s lp t c nh hng n s la chn bin php thc hin lp t n
v d : khi my mc phn b thnh tng dy, hp l nht l dng s dng trc chnh dng thanh
dn ni r ti cc thit b
di v tit din ca tng ng dy ring l c nh hng trong trng hp gii quyt vn
dng cp hay dy dn dng trong ng cp. Dng cp khi on mng c tit din ln v c di
ng k cn dng dy dn lun trong ng thp khi trng hp ngc li
2) Lp t mng cp lc
*Cp dng ch yu i cc ng dy cp ngun v cc ng trc c ph ti tp trung, hoc cc
tuyn ti cc thit b cng sut ln ring l
*Khi t trong nh u tin l cp khng c lp bo v bc thp. Cp c lp bc thp b v ch dng
nhng ni m cao hn ch v trong iu kin kh khn v tuyn v khi khng c on r
nhnh ca ng dy.
*Vic t cp trong nh c th thc hin:
-t cp trong ho cp
-t cp theo tng pha ngoi ca nh, dc theo cu vt ng, dc theo cc cng trnh xy dng
khc
-t trong cc khi ng b tng
-t trong cc cng ngm
*Vic t cp trong nh c th cc phng php sau
-t theo tng v trn nh
-t trong cc rnh cp
-t trong cc rnh nh ca nn nh, sn nh
*t cp trong ho cp:
- Phng php ny dng cho mng ngun cp l ch yu
- tin cy kh cao
- Phi gia c sc bn c hc cho ho cp khi giao ct vi ng giao thng
- Gi thnh gim ng k
- Gim chi ph kim loi mu( i tt c)
- c kh nng thc hin vi bt k tuyn no, v bt k giao ct no vi cc xy dng ngm khc

GV: L VN THNH

31

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
- khng c t cptrc tip trong t khi trong t c cha cc tp cht ph hoi v cp nh axit,
x than, x st, vi
- Lp t cp trong ho cp c th hin nh hnh v1

2
3

11
11
11
11

1 l t vn hoc ct, 2 gch hoc cc tm b tng, 3 cp lc v s phn b ca cp

- Dc theo tuen cp c ri 1 lp gch hoc 1 lp b tng bo v, khng c t gch l v
gch silict
- Cc iu kin khi t cp trong ho t (c 11 iu kin k thut cng)
* t cp trong mng cp(xem cng)
3) Lp t t in phn phi chnh(xem hnh phn ph lc)
- T in phn phi chnh dng phn phi cm thit b, thit b c cng sut kh ln tr ln. V
d nh phn xng sn xut, ng c c cng sut ln
- thit b t phn phi gm c: 1 p t mt tng cp ngun cho 3 thanh ci 3pha v c 1 thanh ci
trung tnh.
Mi xut tuyn c 1 p tmt ly ngun t thanh ci cp cho mi cm thit b, px
Trn mt t c cc ng h o vol, ampe, cos v cc chuyn mch
-Ngun vo v xut tuyn l cp c bc cch in thng i trong mng cp hoc ho cp
- Cc p tmt c trn gi st ca t, cn thanh ci c t trn s hoc trn cc thanh php

GV: L VN THNH

32

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
R

KW

Hz

A1

A2

V1

R1
S2

T3

N
T

V2
S

4) Lp t t in ng lc
- t ng lc thng c ly ngun t t phn phi cp ngun cho cc t khi ng ng c hoc
trc tip cho cc ng c.
- Trong t ng lc thng c 1
cu dao tng 3 thanh ci 3pha v 1 thanh ci trung tnh, mi t
khi ng hoc ng c c cp 1 aptmt. Trn cnh t c ng h vol, ng ampe, cng tc
chuyn mch,ng h cos
- Nu l trong dy chuyn sn xut th t khi ng c th c cc nt n iu khin, b khng ch
5) Lp t h thng t ng o ngun ATS (xem hnh phn ph lc)
*Tng quan
- cc h tiu th in quan trng nh bnh vin, cng bin, cng hng khng, nh my sn xut
gang thp i hi phi cp in lin tc, nn ngoi in li cn phi c my pht ring. t
ng n my pht khi c s c mt in ta cn phi c t ATS
- T ATS dng t ng chuyn ngun cung cp ti t in li sang in my pht khi li in
cc s c sau:
+ in p li mt pha
+ Mt in li
+ Khi c s c trn t ATS a tn hiu REMOTE START v khi ng my pht v cp ngun
ra ti. Khi in li c tr li v n nh sau 20s. T ATS s chuyn sang ngun li v ngt tn
hiu REMOTE START.
* Vn hnh
T ATS c 4 ch vn hnh
- Chuy mch v tr off: T ATS khng hot ng
-Chuyn mch v tr AUTO: T ATS t ng chuyn ngun v xut tn hiu REMOTE START S
- Chuyn mch v tr MAIN: T ATS ch v in li
- Chuyn mch v v tr GEN T ATS ch v v tr my pht
* Nguyn l lm vic:
-Ch AUTO
Khi in mt pha hay mt in, mt vt X1,X2,X3 chuyn sang thng m X6 mt ngun contactor
MC off v X6 cp tn hiu REMOTE START khi ng my pht. Khi my pht c in ngun
GV: L VN THNH

33

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
my pht GU qua cu ch F5 n chuyn mch AUTO my pht qua thng ng X6 cp ngun
cho T1. Sau thi gian tr , T1 cp ngun cho cp ngun cho X4 v X5 c cp ngun bi thng
ng T2. Contactor GC c cp in , ngun my pht c cp ra ti
Khi in li c hoc ht mt pha. Ngun MU qua cu ch F1 v chuyn AUTO li, qua mt vt
X1,X2,X3,X4 cp ngun cho T2. Sau thi gian tr T2 ngt X5, contactor GC off, ngun ti my
pht mt v thng ng X5 cp ngun cho T3 qua thng ng MC. Sau thi gian tr T3 cp
ngun cho X6 v t gi, contactor MC c cp ngun bi X6 v thng ng GC. Ngun li
c cp ra ti, mt vt X6 chuyn sang m, T1 mt ngun, X4 mt ngun, T2 mt ngun. Khi MC
ng th T3 mt ngun. Ket qu khi t ATS hat ng vi ngun li, tt c cc r le thi gian u
tt
- Ch Main:
Ngun MU qua F4 v qua chuyn mch Main cp cho MC qua thng ng GC
-Ch GEN:
Ngun GU qua cu ch F6v chuyn GEN cp cho GC qua ng MC

GV: L VN THNH

34

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
TAI
IN LI
MC

GC

MO

MC

GO

GC

MAIN
GC

AUTO

MC

X6
X5

X1
X1

X4
X2
X3
X5

X2

X3

X4

T3

T2

GV: L VN THNH

X6

X6

MC

T3

T2

X5

35

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN
Bi5: LP T H

GV: L VN THNH

THNG NI T CHNG ST

36

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

GV: L VN THNH

37

 CNG MN K THUT LP T IN

GV: L VN THNH

38