eq

Dr IkkB~
; l kexzh
l kekft d foKku ( 087)
1- fo"k; %nksHkkb; ks
ad h d gkuh
iz
Lr kouk
nksjk"VksadsfoHkkt u ds; q
x l syh xbZ; g dgkuh , s
l snksHkkb; ks
adh dgkuh gSft udksHkkX; , d
l Urq
"V t hou l sv yx&vyx jkgks
ai j ysx; kA ' kj.kkFkhZf' kfojks
al sys
d j mRikrh l a
?k"kZdk l keuk
djusokyh ; g dgkuh mYys
[ k djrh gSfd fdl i z
d kj , d O;fDr phFkM+
ks
al sv i uh okLrfodrk dks
v kdkj ns
r k gSv kS
j fdl i z
d kj nw
l jk ' kgjh xjhch dh t a
t hjks
aes
av i uk ne rks
M+
r k gS
A

eq
[ ; d gkuh
feV~
Vh l usi Q
' kZ
] fpUrk l sfopfyr v kRek, a
] cngokl gok, av kS
j l c dq
N v Li "VAbl #v ka
l syM+
ds
usyks
xks
ads>q
. M es
al sv i uk jkLrk cukrsgq
, v i usi fjfpr ps
gjsdksryk' krsgq
, ] t gkard ns[kuk
l EHko Fkk ogkard ns
[ kk i jUrqml dh l kjh dks
f' k' ks
acs
d kj fl gq
b
A' kj. kkFkhZf' kfoj fdl h i d
z kj dh
' kj.k ns
usl sLi fUnr fn[ kkbZnsjgk FkkA bl Nks
VsyM+
d sdsfy, bl ?kVuk dh i gs
y h dksl e>uk
dfBu FkkA Hkkjr&i kfdLrku dsfoHkkt u usyk[ kks
afunks
"k yks
Z
xks
adst hou dksHk; kog cuk fn; k Fkk
ft ues
al s, d og Lo; aFkkAl q
[ kh i fjokj Vw
V x, ] Hkz
kr`Ro det ks
j / kxks
adh Mks
j l sca
/ k v fuf' prrk
1

es
aMks
y jgk Fkk ft l l scs
[ kcj ds
oy 14 o"kZdk eui z
hr , d dks
uses
acS
Bk pq
i pki Hkkoghu f' kfoj
}kjk nh xbZckl h jks
Vh dkspck jgk FkkA v pkud ml dh v ka
[ kks
aes
aped v kbZv kS
j cks
y k ^ek] HkkbZ
!*
og v i uh i w
j h rkdr l sfpYyk; k v kS
j cM+
h rs
t h l sHkkxk t S
l sfd ml sv e`r fey x; k gksft l dh
ml sryk' k FkhAml usnkS
M+
d j v i uh ekadksxysyxk; k t ks, d l e; ykgkS
j dsnw
j n' khZBkdq
j dscM+
s
ca
xysdh i [z; kr Bdq
j kbu FkhA Bkdq
j dsU;k; dksHkxoku dk i Q
l yk ekuk t krk FkkA ; gh Bdq
S
j kbu
v c , d v Kkr fo/ ok Fkh v kS
j v i usi j fxjsnq
%
[ kks
adsi gkM+l st w
> jgh FkhAv i usnks
uks
afi z
; t uksadks
xysfeyusv kS
j pw
eusdsckn ml usv i usv ka
l wi ks
Ns
a
A
f' kfoj es
aHk; kog fLFkfr es
at husdksfoo' k mudsfy, l e; / hek pyrk i z
r hr gksjgk FkkAcs
?kjksadks
v k/ kjHkw
r lq
fo/ k, av kS
j v kJ; ns
usdh l jdkjh dks
f' k' kks
adsckot w
n ys
usokyks
adh l a
[ ; kl a
l k/ uksal s
dghav f/ d FkhA , d v Kkr Mj mUgs
a?ks
j sjgrk Fkk ft l dk v Ur mUga
sfn[ kkbZughans
r k FkkA mudk
HkkX; v fuf' pr FkkA , d eghusdsl a
?k"kZdsckn v i Q
l jks
adk , d ny ogkai gq
pk ft l usfnYyh ds
a
ykt i r uxj {ks
=k es
a' kj. kkfFkZ
; ks
adsfy, Hkw
fe forj.k dh ?kks
"k.kk dhA eui z
hr dk i fjokj bl l q
fo/ k
dksi z
kIr djusokyk l kS
HkkX; ' kkyh i fjokj FkkA Hkw
fe dsNks
Vsl sVq
d M+
sdsv kca
Vu l smUgs
a, d v k' kk
nh & v k' kk t hfor jgusdh] Lora
=k gks
usrFkk fi Q
j l sv i uh i q
j kuh gS
fl ; r dksi kusdhA

, d LFkkfi r t hou dh v ks
j t kuk dks
bZv kl ku ughajgkA cgq
r eq
f' dy l sos, d v LFkk; h ?kj cuk
l ds ft l es
a, d cM+
k oxkZ
d kj dejk] , d Nks
Vk dejk v kS
j l jdkj }kjk cuk; k x; k , d l ka
>k
' kkS
pky; FkkA ml ?kj es
axq
t kjsx, fnu cs
gn d"Vnk; h Fks
A ml es
av ufxur fnu v kS
j jkrs
afcuk Hkkst u
ds xq
t jh]a ft l l s ckj&ckj i s
V es
acy i M+
rs
] nnZv kS
j Xykfu gks
r hA Nks
Vs l kjh&l kjh jkr l ksus dh
dks
f' k' k es
afcLrj i j djoVs
acnyrsFks
A ; g ek gh Fkh ft l usmudksd"V v kS
j i hM+
k dh mu ?kfM+
; ksa
es
al ka
Rouk ns
usdh dks
f' k' k dhA
i fjokj dsfy, jks
Vh v ft Z
r djusokyh ds
oy v ds
y h , d ekagh Fkh t ksml gkykr l st w
>usdh
dks
f' k' k dj jgh Fkh ft l usnkscPpksadksds
oy ml i j fuHkZ
j dj fn; k FkkA fi Q
j Hkh , d l e; dh
Bdq
j kbu v c Nks
Vseks
Vsdke dj ys
r h FkhAcs
Vk eS
arq
Egkjsfy, dq
N Hkks
t u ykusdsfy, t k jgh gw
A
nks
uksav i uk ; ku j[ kuk v kS
j v t ufc; ks
al sckr er djukA , s
l k dg dj og b
V ds, d HkV~
Vsi j
t krh t gkaml usdBks
j gkykr es
adke fd; kA d"Vnk; h / w
y dsd.k ml dh l ka
l es
at krsjgs
A i zR;sd
jkr og ?kj Fkdh gkjh v krhA ml dk LokLF; cq
j h rjg l si z
Hkkfor gksjgk Fkk] og cgq
r [ kklarh Fkh
v kS
j gj fnu ml dh gkyr [ kjkc gks
r h xbZ
Ai w
j k fnu i l huk cgkusdsckn ml st ksekew
yh i S
l sfeyrs
Fksog xq
t kjk djusdsfy, i ; kZ
Ir ughaFks
A
ml f?kukS
uh v kS
j n; uh; ' kgjh xjhch usmUgs
adq
i ks
f"kr v kS
j fuLrs
t cuk fn; k FkkAfdl h HkhM+Hkjs' kgj
es
ads
oy v i uk v fLrRo cpk, j[ kusdsfy, fd, t kusoz
Q
w
j la
?k"kZusml sfujk' k v kS
j mnkl dj fn; k
FkkAbu fopkjks
al sml dh v ka
[ ks
aHkhx xb
Aog v i uscs
Vks
aes
ai fjorZ
u ns
[ k dj v okd~Fkh fd l q
fo/ k,
gks
r sgq
, t ksv PNsHkks
t u dksns
[ kdj Hkh ukd HkkS
ap<+
krsFksv kt ml ds}kjk yk, x, ?kfV; k Hkks
t u ds
Vd
q M+
ks
adksHkh Bw
l jgsgS
a
Aog bl ' kgjh xjhch dksns
a
[ kdj [ kw
c t ks
j l sjks
bZ
Aml sv i uscsVksadksv i uh
mezl scM+
sdke djrsns
[ kk] dHkh dq
N ughaeka
xk D; ks
fd og t kursFksfd mudh ekadq
a
N ughadj
l drh FkhA , d rji Qog v i uscnfdLerh dkspq
i pki dks
l rh Fkh rksnw
l jh rji Qgkykr l srkdr
, d=k djuses
acgq
r fgEer fn[ kkrh FkhA
ekai z
frfnu l sv f/ d es
gur djrh Fkh rkfd de l sde og v i usNks
VscsVst hr dks
] t ksv c X; kjg
o"kZdk gksx; k Fkk] f' kf{kr dj l dsv kS
j og cM+
k gks
d j v i usi fjokj dsfy, l Eeku l sdekuk

' k:q dj l ds
A ml usv i uh l kjh dekbZml i j yxk nh v kS
j ml s, d l jdkjh Ldw
y es
aHks
t kA bl ds
mYVk 15 o"khZ
; eui z
hr usv i usv ki dks>ksa
d fn; k v kS
j gj rjg dsNks
Vsdke t S
l sv [ kckj cka
Vuk]
l kS
i sgq
a
, dke djuk] nw
/ i gq
pkuk] feL=kh dk dke djuk v kS
a
j ?kjks
al sdpjk mBkust S
l sdke djus
yxk rkfd ?kj dkspykuses
aekadsl kFk ft Ees
okjh cka
V l ds
A
tS
ls
&t S
l sl e; dh d"Vnk; h i jrs
a[ kq
y rh xbZ
] i fjokj gj rjg dsd"Vks
a
adsi z
fr fujki n gksx; k FkkA
cjl xq
t jrsx, A ekai j v R;f/ d ncko v i uk xEHkhj i z
Hkko fn[ kkbZyxkA d"V v kS
j et nw
j h dsl gs
x, cjl v c ml ds' kjhj l si z
d V gksjgsFks
Aft u y{k.kks
adsi z
fr yki jokgh fn[ kkbZFkh v c osfcxM+
pq
d sFks
A
, d nq
HkkZ
X; i w
. kZfnu ml us [ kw
u Fkw
d uk ' kq
: dj fn; k] ft l l s eui z
hr l nes
aes
av k x; kA og ml s
v Li rky ys
d j x; k t gkaml sVh-ch- crkbZxbA
Z ml sml h {k.k v Li rky nkf[ ky gks
usdksdgk x; kA
eui z
hr eq
l hcr es
aFkk og t kurk Fkk fd ml dh ekadksmi; q
Dr bykt dh l [ r k: jr gSi jUrqog
; g Hkh t kurk Fkk fd ; g ml dscl dh ckr ughagS
Ai z
kbos
V MkDVjksausbykt djusl seuk dj fn; k
v kS
j mUgks
usbykt dsfy, , d cM+
a
h jkf' k dh eka
x dh rksnw
l jh v ks
j l jdkjh v Lri ky es
al q
fo/ kv ksa
dh deh Fkh v kS
j ds
oy dq
N nok, bl dM+
h ps
r kouh dsl kFk fy[ kdj nh xbZ
afd fdl h i d
z kj dk
dks
bZdke mudsfy, ?kkrd gks
xkA

v i uh ekadsLokLF; dksBhd djusdh v k' kk es

aeui z
hr dks; gh l q
>ko fn; k fd v c ml s?kjsy w
dkeks
adksdjus
] ekadh v kS
j Nks
VsHkkbZdh ns
[ kHkky djusrFkk bl d"Vnk; h fLFkfr l sckgj fudyus
4

dsfy, v ds
y sgh dekuk i M+
xkA , s
s
l sgkykr es
at hr dh i <+
kbZyxkrkj ckf/ r gksjgh Fkh v kS
j dbZ
grks
ard ml dks, d rji QcS
Bk fn; k x; k ft l l seui z
hr dkscgq
r rdyhi Qgq
bZ
Aml usfuLokFkZdke
fd; k v kS
j ml sv k' kk Fkh fd v a
/ dkj i w
. kZ; g fnu ' kh?kzgh l ekIr gks
xsys
a
fdu ' kk; n v Hkh v kS
j Hkh
cq
j k gks
uk ckdh FkkAml dh fLFkfr l sl gkuq
Hkw
fr j[ krsgq
, ekfyd usml sv i uh nq
d ku es
al Eekut ud
LFkku fn; kA eui z
hr dh [ k'qkh dk dks
bZfBdkuk ughaFkkA fkUnxh es
ai gyh ckj l kjh fLFkfr; kaml ds
i {k es
aFkhA
a ml usrq
j Ur ; g i z
Lrko Lohdkj fd; kAog v i uh ekadsi kl t kdj bl ukS
d jh dh l w
puk
ns
usgs
r q?kj t kusdh i z
r h{kk ughadj l dkA
eui z
hr dksv i usxq
. kks
av kS
j bZ
ekunkjh dsdkj.k v kxsv kS
j iz
kS
Uur fd; k x; kAys
fdu ml dk HkkbZml dk
foyks
e FkkAt hr xjhch dsv kxsgkj x; k Fkk v kS
j ml us^pks
j h* dk oS
d fYi d jkLrk pq
u fy; k FkkAog
v i usi fjokj }kjk dh xbZdq
ckZ
fu; ks
adksughal e> l dk v kS
j l ekt dsf' kdkfj; ks
adk f' kdkj gksx; kA
' kjkc i husdh ml dh v knr c<+
r h xbZv kS
j ml usi fjokj dk es
gur l sdek; k i S
l k xa
ok fn; kA v c
nw
l jks
adh pks
j h djusdk , dek=k jkLrk gh ml dsi kl cp x; k FkkA dbZckj ml si q
fyl fgjkl r esa
fy; k x; k ft l es
aml dk cM+
k HkkbZgh ml dscpko dsfy, v k; kAbl i z
d kj og i fjokj dsfy, , d
cks
> cu x; k FkkA
o"kZxq
t jrsx, Aeui z
hr v c 22 o"kZdk gkspq
d k FkkAml usi fjokj dks' kgjh xjhch l sckgj ykusds
fy, v i uh v kRek l sdke fd; kAv c og v i uh v PNh dekbZl sekadh chekjh dk Bhd l sbykt
djok i k; kA og / hjs
&/ hjsBhd gksjgh Fkh] i jUrqcjl ks
adh chekjh usml dsl kekU; LokLF; i j cq
jk
iz
Hkko Mkyk FkkA t hr foLe`fr dh v ks
j c<+jgk FkkA dbZfnu v kS
j jkrks
adksog ?kj ughaykS
Vrk FkkA
v kS
j t c dHkh ykS
V v krk Fkk rksog gks
' k es
aughagks
r k FkkA og i Ddk ' kjkch cu pq
d k Fkk ft l us
i fjokj dh v kS
j gkykr l sfudysFksys
fdu eq
l hcrks
adsi z
fr mudk joS
; k v yx&v yx FkkAi gysHkkbZ
usxjhch dks, d pq
ukS
r h ds: i es
afy; k v kS
j ml sgjkusdk fu.kZ
; fy; k t cfd nw
l jh xjhch ds
l keusgkj x; kA i fjokj dh dekbZcgk nh Fkh v kS
j v c dks
Zes
at dMk+ gq
v k Fkk i fjokj }kjk ml s
oki l jkg i j ykusdsl kjsfoi Q
y gq
,A

' kh?kzgh ek Hkh ; g v uq

Hko djusyxh fd Hkxoku usml sft ruh l ka
l snh Fkhaog t h pq
d h v kS
j
ml dk v Ur v c fudV gS
Aog eui z
hr dk ?kj cl k gq
v k ns
[ kuk pkgrh Fkh v kS
j ml dk v i uk i fjokj
pkgrh FkhAml dk t hr es
al kjk fo' okl l ekIr gkspq
d k FkkA ds
oy eui z
hr gh v k' kk dh fdj.k FkkA
fi Q
j v c og bruk v PNk dek jgk Fkk fd i fjokj cuk l drk FkkAv kS
j ml usv i uk l kFkh <w
< fy; k
v kS
j fookg dj fy; kA nw
l jh rji Qt hr dk ?kj v kuk cgq
r de gksx; k FkkA t c dHkh v krk Fkk rks
ds
oy i S
l seka
xrk FkkAl e; xq
t jrk x; k v kS
j , d nq
HkkZ
X; i w
. kZfnu njokt +
si j kks
j dh nLrd usi fjokj
dksgS
j ku dj fn; kA ogkanksi q
fyl okys[ kM+
sFksft Ugks
usv i Q
a
l ks
l Hkjh fuxkgks
al snq
%
[ k Hkjk l ekpkj
lq
uk; kAt hr ughajgk FkkA' kjkc dh v f/ d ek=kk dsdkj.k ml dh ekS
r gksxbZFkhAml dk ; g n;
fonkjd v Ur Fkk v kS
j og ?kjs
y w' kgjh xjhch dsl keusgkj x; k FkkA
nw
l jh v ks
j eui z
hr v i uh dM+
h es
gur v kS
j mPp v kn' kks
ads l kFk v i us nq
Z
%
[ kksal s mcj pq
d k FkkA
p&uhp v krsv kS
j t krsjgsi j og dHkh dM+
h es
gur dsjkLrsl sughaHkVdkAgkyka
fd nks
uksagh HkkbZ
l eku i `"BHkfwe , oai fjfLFkfr; ks
al sFksfdUrqnks
uks
aes
anq
%
[ k rdyhi Q>s
y usdsi z
fr fHkUu n`f"Vdk.sk FkkA
i gysHkkbZusxjhch dks, d pq
ukS
r h ds: i es
ays
d j ml dksgjkusdk fu.kZ
; fy; k] t cfd nw
l jk xjhch
dk f' kdkj gksx; kA
ys
fdu l c dq
N bruk gh ughaFkkAeui z
hr l ekt dsl kFk pyusokyk ; q
ok FkkAxjhch dh nq
nZ
' kk }kjk
fn, x, v i kj d"V v kS
j nnZusrFkk v i usfi z
; t uksadh e`R;ql su"V gq
, i fjokj usml dsl husesav kx
HkM+
d k nh FkhAml usml jkr dsckjses
al ks
pk t c og fcYdq
y fujk' k gksx; k FkkAv kt og t ksdq
N
Fkk Hkxoku dh o`Q
i k l sFkkA ml usegl w
l fd; k fd v c ml dh ykS
Vkusdh ckjh gS
A v c og v i uk
l e; xq
#}kjses
ayxkrk Fkk v kS
j ekuo l ekt dh l s
ok dsl Hkh dke djrk FkkAnq
%
[ kh xjhcks
adh enn
djuk] mudsnq
%
[ k nnZdsi z
fr l gkuq
Hkfwr i z
d V djuk v kS
j ; kn j[ kuk fd og Hkh dHkh ml fLFkfr esa
FkkA xq
t jsfnuks
adk ; kn djrsgq
, og v i usgkFk es
adkxt dye ys
d j v i usfny dsHkkoksadks
fy[ kusyxk&

eq
>sog fnu ; kn gS
a
t c es
j sfny dksdq
N dguk Fkk
mu xUnxh Hkjsf' kfojks
aes
axq
t kjk l e;
oksfxM+
fxMk+rsgq
, {k.k v kS
j is
V es
ai M+
r scy
t c fu%
l gk; fLFkfr usfodjky ygjks
a
dh rjg ?ks
j fy; k Fkk
cl ml l e; ds
oy i jekRek gh cpk l drk Fkk
es
j sl Hkh fi z
; t u xjhch dk f' kdkj gksx,
v kS
j eq
>s; g dM+
oh l PpkbZLohdkj djuh i M+
h
gk; & t c eS
amu {k.kks
adks; kn djrk gw

rkses
j k fny nnZl sHkj t krk gS
t c eS
ai q
j kuh ; knks
ads>jks
[ kks
al sns
[ krk gw

rksnq
%
[ kksadsl kxj es
aMw
c t krk gw

t hou , d ; k=kk gSt ksja

x cnyrh jgrh gS
v kS
j & v kt eS
ads
oy l q
[ kksadh ; k=kk i j gw
A
ln
afHkZ
dk

wuscregina.ca

www.slate.com

www.wasteventures.org

www.ibtimes.com

uew
uk i z
'u
1-

xjhch v kfFkZ
d i `FkDdj.k ugh gS
A; g , d ekuoh; v oLFkk gS
Abl dFku dksU;k; l a
xr dhft , A
( 5)

2-

nh xbZdgkuh dsl a
nHkZes
av ki dsv uq
l kj xjhch dsD; k dkj.k gS
arFkk xjhch dksnw
j djusesa
v ki dk D; k ; ks
xnku gksl drk gS
\

( 5)

vd
a ; ks
t uk
1 xjhch , d , s
l h v oLFkk gSft l es
a, d O;fDr fdl h fnu nksoDr dh jks
Vh Hkh ughat q
Vk
l drkA
; g , d fujk' kk] O;Fkk , oannZdh v oLFkk gS
A
bl nq
"poz
Ql sfudyusdsv ol jks
adksdM+
h es
gur v kS
j v kRe&fo' okl l si kj fd; k t k
l drk gS
A
xjhch , d , s
l h ekufl d v oLFkk gSft l es
aO;fDr l k/ ughu egl w
l djrk gS
] pkgsog
HkkS
frd l a
l k/ u gks
] tS
a
l s/ u v Fkok ekuo l a
l k/ u gks
at S
l sew
Y; ] v kLFkk v kS
j fo' okl
ft Ugs
ai z
Hkko' kkyh gks
r sgq
, Hkh ns
[ kk ughat k l drkA
fdruk i ; kZ
Ir gS
] ml seki k ughat k l drk gS
] fdUrqt c ykyp gksrksO;fDr xjhc gS
A
( 5)
2-

xjhch dsdkj.k %
v ol jks
adh deh
mRiknd l a
l k/ uks
adh deh , oamiyC/ rk
ns
' k dk foHkkt u , oai fjokj dh i fjl a
i fk; ks
adh gkfu
O;fDr es
af' k{kk , oadkS
' ky dh deh
xjhch dsmUew
y u dsms
' ; l ses
j k ; ks
xnku %
1-

f' k{kk i z
nku djuk

2-

dkS
' ky fodkl djuk

3-

n`<+ew
Y; O;oLFkk LFkkfi r djuk

4-

l ekt dh dq
j hfr; ks
adk l keuk djusdsfy, xS
j l jdkjh l a
LFkkv ksal sfeydj dke djukA( 5)
(i z
R;s
d iz
' u dksl exz: i l sew
Y; ka
fdr fd; k t k, )
8

eq
Dr IkkB~
; l kexzh
l kekft d foKku ( 087)
2- fo"k; %nq
"d j t hou
iz
Lr kouk
cM+
suxj cM+
sv ol j i z
nku djrsgS
Aos/ uh rFkk fu/ Z
a
u nks
uks
adksv kdf"kZ
r djrsgS
Axka
a
o l sv kusokys
xjhc yks
x] dke dh v f/ d l a
Hkkoukv ks
] cs
a
grj <ka
xkpr l q
fo/ kv ks
arFkk ml l sHkh v f/ d] ns
gkr esa
i kbZt kusokyh ck; dkjh l kekft d , oal ka
Lo`Q
frd i ja
i jkv ksal scpusdsfy, ] bl v ks
j v kdf"kZ
r
djrsgS
_ t cfd ' kgjh t hou es
a
at ul a
[ ; k v f/ d] HkhM+
HkkM+rFkk v ' kDr cuk ns
usokyh l kekft d
l eL; k, at S
l sfd v i jk/ rFkk fga
l k v kfn l sHkjh i fjfLFkfr; kafo| eku gks
r h gS
A v f/ drj i zokl h
a
' kgjh {ks
=kks
aes
amiyC/ v ol jks
al sykHkkfUor gks
r sgS
at c dq
N v U;] ' kgjh t hou dh pq
ukS
fr; ksal s
tw
>usdsfy, fi NM+t krsgS
A
a
' kgj h t ul [a; k es
ao`f
' kgjh xjhcka
sl st q
M+
h cgq
fo/ l eL; kv ks
adsckot w
n] ' kgjh v kcknh yxHkx 6 djks
M+i z
fro"kZdh nj l s
c<+jgh gS
A fo' o LokLF; l a
?k (WHO) dsv ka
d M+
ks
adsv uq
l kj] 2012 l s2030 dschp] fo' o dh
' kgjh t ul a
[ ; k yxHkx 1-5 okf"kZ
d dh nj l sc<+
usdh v k' kk gS
A21oha' krkCnh dse; rd ' kgjh
t ul a
[ ; k] 2009 es
ayxHkx 3-4 fcfy; u l s c<+dj 2050 rd nks
xq
uh yxHkx 6-4 fcfy; u gks
t k, xhA
v kxkeh o"kk
ses
] ' kgjh t ul a
a
[ ; k es
ao`f] fodkl ' khy ns
' kks
ads' kgjks
aes
agks
xhA 21ohal nh dse;
rd] bu ns
' kks
adh ' kgjh t ul a
[ ; k] nks
x.qkk l sHkh v f/ d gkst k, xhA nw
l jh v ks
j mPp v k; okysns'kksa
es
] ' kgjh t ul a
a
[ ; k dsu cnyusdh v k' kk v f/ d gS
Ai z
ko`Q
frd o`f rFkk xz
keks
al suxjks
adh v ksj
iz
okl nks
uks
adksgh ' kgjh t ul a
[ ; k es
ao`f dsfy, mkjnk; h ekuk t krk gS
Auxjks
adh t ul a
[ ; k esanks
frgkbZo`f i z
okl dsdkj.k gh gS
Ai o
zkl dsfcuk ' kgjh t ul a
[ ; k ; k rks?kV t k, xh v Fkok #d
t k, xhA
v kb, ] fo' o dsdq
N p; fur egkuxjks
adh t ul a
[ ; k i j ukj Mkys
a( fp=k 1 dk v ; ; u dhft , ) A
9

lz
ks
r %http://newint.org/features/2006/01/01/facts/
fp=k&1 %fo' o dsdq
N p; fur egkuxjksaesat ul a
[ ; k o`f ( 2000&2015)

fodkl ' khy ns

' kksadh t ul a
[ ; k o`f dh] fodfl r ns
' kksadh t ul a
[ ; k o`f l srq
y uk dhft , Age bl
fu"d"kZi j i gq
pa
a
xssfd fodkl ' khy ns
' kks
adsdjkph] eq
EcbZ
] fnYyh rFkk <kdk t S
l s' kgjks
adh t ul a
[ ; k]
fodfl r ns
' kks
adsv ks
l kdk rFkk Vks
fd; kst S
l s' kgjks
adh rq
y uk es
av f/ d rs
t h l sc<+
xhA
s
pq
ukS
fr ; k
uxjh; i z
okfl ; ks
a}kjk l hfer l a
l k/ uks
] ds
a
UnzrFkk jkT; ] nks
uks
aLrjks
ai j v i ; kZ
Ir l jdkjh uhfr; ksarFkk
' kgjh fodkl , oai z
ca
/ u dsfy, fu; ks
t u dh dfe; ks
at S
l h pq
ukS
fr; ks
adk l keuk djusl sxa
nh cfLr; ka
dk t Ue gq
v k gS
A
xa
nh cLrh D; k gks
r h gS
\a t ux.kuk dsms
'; l s
] xa
nh cLrh ml v kokl h; {ks
=k dksdgrsgS
] t gkai j
a
?kj] ba
l kuks
adsjgus; ks
X; ughagks
r sD; ks
fd mudh t hoks
a
oLFkk] HkhM+
HkkM+
] ?kjks
adsnks
"k.k v kdkj rFkk
cukoV] mudk goknkj u gks
uk] ra
x v kS
j cngky xfy; kaft Ugs
afcuk ; ks
t uk dscuk; k x; k gS
] LoPNrk
, oal q
fo/ kv ks
adh deh gks
uk v Fkok , lssdbZdkj. kksadk bdV~
Bk fey t kuk] l q
j {kk v kS
j LokLF; nksuksa
10

dsfy, gkfudkjd gS
A xa
nh cfLr; ks
adksrhu Js
f.k; ks
acka
Vk x; k gS
& v f/ l w
fpr xa
nh cfLr; ka
] Loho`Q
r
xa
nh cfLr; karFkk fpfr xa
nh cfLr; ka
A
xa
nh cfLr; ka
ses
a<ka
pkxr l q
fo/ k, ade gks
r h gS
Aogkadsjgusokysyks
a
x t ksi kuh ykrsgS
aog l ki QrFkk
' k
q ughafd; k gq
v k ughagks
r kA ; g nw
f"kr gks
r k gSrFkk ePNj v kS
j efD[ k; k bl i j fHkufHkukrsjgrs
gS
A bl i kuh dksi z
a
k; %bdV~
Bk djdsj[ kk t krk gSft l l seys
fj; k t S
l h chekfj; k i S
s
nk gks
r h gS
A xa
a
nh
cfLr; ks
aes
ai kuh l c LFkkuks
ai j miyC/ ughagks
r kA nS
fud v ko' ; drk dsfy, i kuh Hkj dj ykusds
fy, ] dgh&
adgharksefgykv ks
adks2&3 fdyks
ehVj rd i S
ny pyuk i M+
r k gS
A ' kkS
pky; dh l q
fo/ k, a
Hkh v i ; kZ
Ir gS
A xa
a
nh cfLr; ks
adsfuokl h v i us?kjks
aes
a' kkS
pky; ughacuk l drs
Al i Q
kbZdsv i ; kZ
Ir
iz
c/a dsdkj.k] v frl kj] i hfy; k] gS
t k rFkk i jt hoh o`Q
fe t S
l h gkfudkjd chekfj; kai Q
y t krh gS
S
A
a
fp=k&2 ; g n' kkZ
r k gSfd ' kgjh t ul a
[ ; k dh rq
y uk
es
] xa
a
nh cfLr; ks
aes
ajgusokyks
adh l okZ
f/ d t ul a
[;k
nf{k.k e; , f' k; k dsi ' pkr~l gkjk v i z
Q
hdk esagS
A
;w
j ks
i es
] bl i z
a
d kj dh t ul a
[ ; k l cl sde gS
A
{ks
=kh; v k/ kj i j xa
nh cfLr; ks
a dh t ul a
[ ; k ds
v ; ; u l s
] ; g i rk pyrk gSfd fo' o dh dq
y
xa
nh cLrh t ul a
[ ; k dk 60 , f' k; k es
] 20
a
vi z
Q
hdk es
arFkk 14 yS
fVu v es
fjdk es
agS
A
, f' k; k es
auxjhdj.k dh , d v es
fjdh fo' ks
"krk , sls
l zksr %http://newint.org/features
/2006/ 01/01/facts

fp=k&2 %{ks
=kh; v k/ kj i j
xa
nh cfLr; ks
adh t ul a
[;k

egkuxjks
adk gks
uk gSt gka, d djks
M+( 10 fefy; u)
rd yks
x jgrsgS
A2011 es
a
a23 , s
l suxj i w
j sfo' o esa
Fksft ues
al s13 , f' k; k es
aFks
Av k' kk dh t krh gSfd
2025 rd] bu egkuxjks
adh l a
[ ; k 37 rd i gq
p
a

t k, xh ft ues
al s21 , f' k; k es
agks
xs
a
A nf{k.k , f' k; k es
acgq
r ?kuh t ul a
[ ; k okys, s
l suxj gS
afd
ft udk t ul a
[ ; k ?kuRo 16500 O;fDr i z
froxZfdyks
ehVj gS
A
a
11

Hkkj r es
axa
nh cfLr ; ka
j kT; ksad sv uq
l kj Hkkj r es
axa
nh cfLr ; ks
aes
at ul a
[;k
j kT;

2011

2017 ( i z
{ ks
fi r )

egkjk"V

1-81

2-05

mkj i z
ns
'k

1-1

1-2

v ka
/ zi z
ns'k

0-81

0-86

e; i z
ns
'k

0-64

0-71

xq
t jkr

0-46

0-52

fnYyh

0-31

0-37

lz
ks
r %Hkkjr dh t ux.kuk] 2011
( l Hkh v ka
d M+
sdjks
M+
ks
aes
)
a
, u, l , l v ks

(NSSO)

dsv uq
eku dsv uq
l kj 90 yk[ k ( ukSfefy; u) i fjokj v Fkok Hkkjr dh

' kgjh t ul a
[ ; k dk yxHkx v kBokaHkkx] xa
nh cfLr; ks
aes
ajgrsgS
A gky gh dsv uq
a
ekuksadsv uq
l kj
2017 rd] egkjk"V es
axa
nh cfLr; ks
aes
ajgusokyksadh t ul a
[ ; k 20 djks
M+l sv f/ d gks
xh v kS
j bl ds
i ' pkr~mkj i z
ns
' k] v ka
/ zi z
ns'k rFkk e; i z
ns
' k dk LFkku gks
xkA , s
l k v uq
eku gSfd 2017 rd Hkkjr
es
axa
nh cfLr; ks
aes
ajgusokyks
adh dq
y t ul a
[ ; k 104 fefy; u gkst k, xhA
fnYyh ds; eq
uk i q
' rsdsl kFk&l kFk] v O;ofLFkr : i l si Q
y h ' kgjh cLrh es
S
ajgusokyh 13 o"khZ
;k
jk/ k] Hkks
j dh i gyh fdj.k dsl kFk t x t krh gSv kS
j js
y osykbu dsi kj] xa
nh cLrh dsfy, cus
l koZ
t fud ' kkS
pky; dh v ks
j py i M+
r h gS
A oki l v kdj xyh dsnw
l jsNks
j i j yxsuy l si kuh
ykusdsfy, v i uh ekadsl kFk t kusdsfy, rS
; kj gkst krh gS
Aog v i usl kFk pkj [ kkyh crZ
u ys
t krh gSrFkk mUgs
aVs
<+
h&es
<+
h yEch ykbZ
u es
aj[ k ns
r h gSt gkauy dsi kuh dsfy, [ kM+
h efgyk, a
fpYyk&fpYykdj >xM+jgh gS
Anks?kV
a
asi ' pkr~v i uh t t Z
j >ks
i M+
h dh v kS
j ykS
Vrh gSv kS
j t Ynh l s
12

Ldw
y t kusdsfy, rS
; kj gkst krh gS
A v PNsfnuks
aes
acph&[ kq
ph l Ct h dsl kFk] , d l w
[ kh jksVh gh
ml dk uk' rk gks
r k gS
A
jkLrses
at krsgq
, ] og v i us8 o"khZ
; HkkbZdks, d Nks
VsxS
j ekU;rk i z
kIr fut h fo| ky; es
aNkM
s+nsrh
gS
A, d ct st c og v i usHkkbZdsl kFk oki l v krh gSrks?kj i j dks
bZughagks
r kAbl fy, ] ml sgh
v i usHkkbZdksHkks
t u cukdj f[ kykuk i M+
r k gS
A?kj dh l i Q
kbZl sys
d j di M+
s/ ks
usrd] ?kj dk l kjk
dke ml sgh djuk i M+
r k gS
A ' kke dkst c cLrh dsl Hkh cPps[ ks
y jgsgks
r sgS
_ rksog cS
a
Bdj
v i uk x`gdk; Z( gks
eodZ
) iw
j k djrh gSv kS
j fi Q
j l s?kj dsdkedkt es
at q
V t krh gS
A
ml dh nkscM+
h cgus
av i uh ekadsl kFk i kl i M+
ks
l dsca
xyks
aes
adke dsfy, xbZgks
r h gS
Aos' kke
a
dksoki l v krh gS
A og rFkk ml dh HkkbZl ks
a
uwnks
uksal kS
HkkX; ' kkyh gS
afd mUgs
af' k{kk i z
kIr gksjgh gS
D; ks
fd ml ds?kj es
a
av kS
j dks
bZHkh i <+
k fy[ kk ughagS
A ml dk fi rk , d fjD' kk pkyd gS
A og l q
cg
l s' kke rd dke djrk gSv kS
j ek=k 300 #i , i z
frfnu dek i krk gS
A
/ kj oh
Hkkjr dh fokh; jkt / kuh eq
EcbZ
] l cl scM+
h xa
nh cLrh / kjoh
dk ?kj gS
A v ks
ja
xh dsckn] , f' k; k dh nw
l jsuEcj dh l cl s
cM+
h xa
nh cLrh gS/ kjohA eq
EcbZdh v k/ sl sv f/ d t ul a
[;k
xa
nh cfLr; ks
aes
ajgrh gS
A 500 , dM+l s v f/ d es
ai Q
y h gq
S
bZ
/ kjoh] eq
EcbZ' kgj ds chpka
&
schp fLFkr gS
A bl dk t ul a
[;k
?kuRo] uxj dst ul a
[ ; k ?kuRo ds10 xq
. kk l sHkh v f/ d gS
A
bl dh v uq
ekfur t ul a
[ ; k 6 yk[ k gS
A mUuhl oha ' krkCnh esa
]
/ kjoh dPN ouLi fr okyk nynyh; {ks
=k Fkk t gkadks
y h dgs
Source:
http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/Alevel/AQA/Year%2013/World%20Citi
es/Mumbai/Mumbai.htm

t kus okys eNq

v kjk l eq
nk; ds yks
x jgrs Fks
A os / kjoh ds
i f' peh Nks
j i j t hou ; ki u djrsFks
At S
l srS
l smUgks
useNyh
a
i dM+
uk Nks
M+fn; k rFkk v U; ykHkdkjh dkeks
aes
ayx x, A bl

rjg] eNq
v kjk oxZusxq
t jkr] mkj i z
n'sk rFkk rfeyukMwdsi z
okfl ; ks
adsfy, Hkh jkLrk [ kks
y fn; kA
13

v c / kjoh nkS
M+/ w
i okyk , s
l k {ks
=k cu x; k gSt gkav ukS
i pkfjd v kfFkZ
d xfrfof/ ; ks
adh gypy
jgrh gS
A Li kdZ(SPARC) }kjk fd, x, , d v ; ; u dsv uq
l kj] / kjoh es
a4902 mRiknu l a
ca
/h
lq
fo/ k, agS
aft ues
a1036 oL=k m| ks
x] 932 crZ
u m| ks
x ( i ks
Vh) ] 567 peM+
k m| ks
x] 722 i q
u%pozQ
.k
rFkk Loz
Q
i / krqm| ks
s
x] 498 d<+
kbZm| ks
x rFkk 152 [ kk| i nkFkks
dsmRiknu ds
UnzgS
A bl dsv frfjDr
a
111 js
Lrks
j karFkk dbZgt kj cq
Vhd Hkh / kjoh es
afLFkr gS
A
a
fdl h usBhd gh dgk gS%/ kjoh , d , s
l k gfjr ' ol u
ra
=k curk t k jgk gSt kseq
EcbZdksv i usgh dw
M+
sdpjsds
dkj.k ne ?kq
Vusl scpk jgk gS
A / kjoh dh i q
u%poz
Q
.k
iQ
fDV; ks
S
ausgh eq
EcbZdkscpk; k gS
Aeq
EcbZuxj l syxHkx
7025 Vu dw
M+
kiz
frfnu fudyrk gS
A bl h dh ot g l s
/ kjoh] v us
d xz
keh.k Hkkjrh; ks
ads fy, i q
u%poz
Q
.k dk
v ol j i z
nku djus okyk LFky cu x; k gS
A / kjoh es
a
IykfLVd dsfMLi ks
ks
cy di dksdbZckj u; k : i fn; k
t k l drk gS
A, s
l sdi ks
adksi z
; ks
x djdsi Q
sa
d fn; k t krk

Source: http://mumbai-magic.blogspot.in/
2007/03/pappadam-central.html

gS
] fi Q
j bdV~
Bk fd; k t krk gS
] fi ?kyk; k t krk gSv kS
j fi Q
j ml dksIykfLVd dsu, : i es
a<ky fn; k
t krk gS
A gt kjks
aVu IykfLVd] / krq
] dkxt ] ' kh' kk] di M+
sv kfn dk i q
u%poz
Q
.k / kjoh es
agj jkst
fd; k t krk gS
A
l k; u / kjoh ds, d Nks
Vsl sdks
uses
ai ki M+cukusdk i Q
yrk&i w
Q
yrk x`g m| ks
x ns
[ kk t k l drk gSt gka
efgyk, av i usv ki dksi ki M+cukuses
aO;Lr j[ krh gS
A
a
ln
aHkZ%

http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/

http://newint.org/features/2006/01/01/facts/#sthash.bzLNkvAx.dpuf

http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/slum-population-in-india.html

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTURBANDEVELOPMENT/EXTURB
ANPOVERTY/0,,contentMDK:20227679~menuPK:473804~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~the
SitePK:341325,00.html

14

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/c-p-chandrasekhar/the-changingface-of-urban-poverty/article4379020.ece

http://www.ibtimes.com/5-biggest-slums-world-381338

http://mayaanjali.hubpages.com/hub/Dharavi-A-slum-beyond-comparison

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathputhli_slum

http://www.sos-arsenic.net/english/environment/leatherindustry.html

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1891648/

http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/slum-population-in-india.html

http://www.enn.com/ecosystems/article/45337

http://www.ukessays.com/essays/sociology/the-world-urban-slumpopulation.php#ixzz3BW8ePOgY

http://base.d-p-h.info/fr/fiches/dph/fiche-dph-7867.html

uew
uk i z
'u
1-

xa
nh cfLr; ks
aes
ajgusokyscPpks
adksmudh ew
y Hkw
r v ko' ; drkv ks
adh i w
frZfd, fcuk f' k{kk nsus
l sD; k mudk t hou l e` gksl ds
xk\ fVIi .kh dhft , A

2-

( 5)

fodfl r ns
' kks
adh v i s
{ kk fodkl ' khy ns
' kks
aesagh xa
nh cfLr; k v f/ d D; ks
agS
\a dkj.k fy[ ksa
A( 5)

vd
a ; ks
t uk
1-

cPpka
sdsfy, f' k{kk mudst hou dksrq
ja
r l e` ughadjs
xh] v fi rqog mUgs
aHkfo"; dsfy,
rS
; kj djs
xh
fdUrq i z
nku dh xbZf' k{kk mu rd i gq
ps
] bl s l q
fuf' pr djus ds fy, , d v PNk
okrkoj.k v ko' ; d gS
A
mudsi kl cq
fu; knh l a
j puk , oaLokLF; l sok; s
aughagS
A mudk okrkoj.k mUgsai z
a
kR
sl kfgr
djus
sdsct k, mUgs
afujk' k djrk gS
A
,s
l sokrkoj. k es
] t gk mUgs
a
a[ kkuk Hkh miyC/ ughagks
r k] og dS
l si <+l ds
xs
a
A
v i uh jks
t h jks
Vh dekusdsfy, og dke djusi j et cw
j gkst k, a
xsct k, bl dsfd os
i <+
kbZt kjh j[ ks
A
a
(va
d 5] l exz: i l sew
Y; ka
d u)
15

2-

fodfl r ns
' kks
adh v i s
{ kk fodkl ' khy ns
' kks
aesav f/ d xa
nh cfLr; ks
agks
usdsfuEu dkj.k gS
a%
fodfl r ns
' kks
adh rq
y uk es
afodkl ' khy ns
' kksaes
ajks
t xkj dsv ol j l hfer gS
A
a
jks
t xkj] f' k{kk] LokLF; l s
okv ks
a ds v Hkko , oa i z
frca
f/ r l kekft d v Fkok l kL
ao`Q
frd
okLrfodrk, a
A
v kfFkZ
d , oa l kekft d v ko' ; drkv ks
a dh i w
frZ ds fy, v k/ kjHkw
r la
j pukv ksa dh
v uq
i yC/ rkA
l jdkj }kjk ; ks
t uk , oal q
/ kj es
adehA
(va
d 5] l exz: i l sew
Y; ka
d u)

16