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2 9 Weeks Benchmark Study GuideBenchmark is Wednesday, December 17 !!!
1. The process by which a gas changes to a liquid is called condensation
2. The main forms of precipitation are rain and snow
3. In dry weather, the level of the water table in an area drops
5. Old Faithful is a geyser
6. The main threat to rivers is human pollution
7. A pump is usually used to get water from a well
8. Artificial lakes are called reservoir
9. Most of the fresh water that is found on Earth is found in glaciers and polar ice caps
10. The repeated movement of water between Earth and the Atmosphere is called the water
cycle
11. Water that falls to Earth from the atmosphere is precipitation
14. When water absorbs enough heat, it evaporates
15. A tiny hole or space is a pore
16. Water that collects in pores and sinks into the ground is groundwater
17. A scientist who studies Earths water is called hydrologist
18. Upper layer of saturated rock and soil is the water table
19. Part of a river where the water is swift are the rapids
20. If a river has rapids and waterfalls then it is a youthful river.
21. A youthful river has fast moving water and a steep slope.
22. An old river has very slow movement.
23. An old river floods easily
24. A kettle/glacial lake forms after a retreating glacier.
25. Surface currents are formed by prevailing winds
26. When waves come near the shore, they break up and speed up.
27. Salt water will become denser if there is an increase in salinity
28. The gravitational pull that the moon exerts on Earth causes tides
29. The Coriolis effect is caused by the rotation of the earth
30. Deep currents are formed as water density changes
31. Streamlike movements of water that occur at or near the surface of the ocean are called
surface currents.
32. The curving of moving objects from a straight path due to the Earth's rotation is called the
Coriolis Effect.
33. If the ocean water freezes at the surface, ice will float on top of the water because ice is less
dense than liquid water. The dissolved solids are squeezed out of the ice and enter the liquid
water below the ice, causing its salinity to increase
34. When water contains more dissolved solids, its salinity increases.
35. Evaporation of surface water causes the salinity to increase.

Examine the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

36.
Number 2 indicates a wavelength.
37.
Number 1 indicates a crest.
38.
Number 4 indicates a wave height.
39.
Number 3 indicates a trough.
Examine the illustration below, and answer the questions that follow.

40. High tide occurs at 1 and 3.

41. Low tide occurs at 2 and 4.
42. Rust is produced by the oxidation of iron
43. The process in which water freezes and widens cracks in rock is called ice wedging
44. In nature, abrasion is the action of rocks and sediment grinding against each other and
wearing away exposed surfaces.
45. Plants can erode rock with their roots (mechanically) or leaves
(chemically)
Examine the diagram, and answer the question that follows.

46. Carbonic acid and limestone most likely caused the formations in the diagram above?
47. A kettle lake/glacial lake is a depression created by a glacier that usually gets filled with
water to form a lake or pond?
48. If enough rock falls from a mountain, a pile called a talus forms at the base of the slope.
49. All slopes undergo a very slow mass movement, called creep
50. Explain the rock cycle and the ways in which each rock type is formed. _All rocks undergo
the rock cycle. Igneous rocks are formed by cooled lava or magma. Sedimentary rocks are
formed by compaction and cementation. Metamorphic rocks are formed by heat and pressure.
Any time a rock undergoes these things, other types of rocks are formed. For example, if a
sedimentary rock heats up and cools again, it will become an igneous rock. If a metamorphic
rock breaks up and compacts and cements, it will become a sedimentary rock, etc.
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