Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prepared for
Lecturer
Singapore Polytechnic
By
Fairuz Sufyan
Student, DCEM/FT/2B/04
Singapore Polytechnic
Content
Summary
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Background
1.3 Method of Investigation
1.4 Scope of Investigation
2. Machineries and plants
2.1 Machineries used
2.2 Plants used
3. Substructure System
4. Method Statement on Site Visit
4.1 Safety
4.2 Piling
5. Types of Geotechnical Ground Instruments
Appendix
References
Summary
On the 23/11/2009, we went to the VIVA site @ Thomson Tiong Aik
Site for some hands on/review on an actual construction site. The
objective of the site visit was mainly to familiarise ourselves with the
operations at a construction site.
Fairuz Sufyan
DCEM/FT/2B/0
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose of visit –
The purpose of the site visit was simple – we needed to understand and visualise the theory taught in class. The
site visit would allow us to have a hand on review and a clear understanding on constructing.
1.2 Background –
Developer of VIVA : Thomson Peak Pte Ltd (Subsidiary of Allgreen Properties Limited)
Lap Pool
Kids Pool
Jacuzzi
Kids Playground
BBQ Pavilions
Landscape Pavilions
Tennis Courts
Basketball Half-Court
Golf Practice Range
Badminton Court
Outdoor Fitness Stations
Function Room With Gym
Children's Room
Project Consultant:
All data collated for the report have been gathered from various internet websites, and the during the site visit
itself.
The collated data has been cross referred for validity in this (VIVA) project.
1. Machineries and Plants
2.1 Machineries
i) Excavator
A Caterpillar excavator has a backhoe with "thumb" attachment. The bucket is raked
toward the machine to create a trench or pit. The lower jaw "thumb" enables large
objects to be moved and 'grabbing' building components during demolition. Most
excavators have the bucket fitted without the thumb attachment.
ii) Bulldozer
A pile driver is a mechanical device used to drive piles into soil to provide foundation
support for buildings or other structures. The term is also used in reference to members
of the construction crew that work with pile-driving rigs.
iv) Crane
A crane is a lifting machine, generally equipped with a winder (also called a wire rope
drum), wire ropes or chains and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower
materials and to move them horizontally. It uses one or more simple machines to create
mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a human.
Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading
of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the
manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment.
During the site visit, I noticed how well the place was organised. There were sufficient
and adequate substructures used to aid in the construction of the site.
There were various platforms and supports that were visible. The platforms were made to
support the load of the machineries as well as the workers.
4.1 Safety
The first step to determining a good construction environment would be safety. The
emphasis for safety can never be enough – everyone working at the construction site
would have to be geared with safety equipments. Some of the basics are like wearing a
helmet, and wearing boots. This is to ensure that we would be less vulnerable to
accidents.
With safety covered, workers are prepared/geared to do most of the construction jobs.
There are some that still require some profession.
This is a construction technique in a way because it boosts morale by giving everyone
that security of being safe, or less prone to accidents.
The safety precautions needed during the piling works are as followed:
– Safety helmet
– Adequate support of all sides of excavation to prevent soil movement.
– Adequate support of adjacent structures to be maintained.
– Maintain safe access and exit to basement at all times.
– Wear protective clothing including a belt/harness.
– Erect barricades/barriers around excavated site to prevent people from
accidentally falling in.
1.2Piling
During our visit, we only witnessed the early stages of a construction project. At the site,
we were only able to see half-built piles. Therefore it can easily be said that they are still
constructing the piles. However, I was unable to know for sure if a pile driver was used to
drive the pile in. The picture provided below shows the workers and machineries being
used. The erected columns visible are the incomplete piles.
Basement Excavation
The following are the common methods of excavating a basement:
• Open-cut method.
• Excavation supported by cofferdams.
• Excavation supported by reinforced concrete diaphragm walls constructed in advance
of
the main excavation.
• Excavation supported by contiguous bored piles or secant piles walls constructed in
advance of the main excavation.
• Excavation supported by soldier pile walls.
Whichever method is chosen, it is essential that the ground water is properly controlled.
Soldier Piles
The excavation is supported by soldier piles. Soldier piles consist of horizontal timber
lagging that spans across a series of vertical wide flange steel members embedded into
the ground.
They often use temporary retaining structures for excavation and construction of a
basement.
The method consists of boring holes along the wall line, typically 2 to 3 m centres,
placing
vertical steel soldier piles within the holes and concreting the base of each joist below
final
formation level. As earth is removed, horizontal timber lagging are wedged between the
soldier piles to retain the soil outside the excavation. The soldier piles and lagging may
be
removed after construction of the basement has been completed.
2. Geotechnical Instrumentations
It is vital to provide protection to these instruments from damage as this could lead to
intermittent or complete loss of acquisition of data. Instrumentation readings can be
collected
locally or using data-loggers to provide real-time monitoring for critical areas of the
construction to ensure grester safety on site. In order for such a comprehensive
instrumentation scheme to be effective, it is essential that the following rules be
observed:
• The instrumentation must be installed properly.
• The reading must be taken and recorded properly.
• The readings must be interpreted correctly.
Any signs of abnormal ground movement must be communicated immediately to all
parties
involved in the construction so that effective remedial actions can be taken in a timely
manner
or contingency plans activated.
http://www.soilreport.net/soil.html
http://www.asiabuilders.com/asiabuilders/Cranes_Singapore_Product_Listing_C1_
CONC64500.aspx
http://www.viva-singapore.com/amenities.html
http://en.wikipedia.org